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Journal articles on the topic 'Covert aggression'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Huemer, Julia, Ashwini Sagar, Kathleen Alquero, Katie Denny, Richard J. Shaw, and Hans Steiner. "Overt and Covert Aggression in College Women with Bulimia Nervosa." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 39, no. 6 (2011): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000139.

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Objective: This study examines the prevalence of overt and covert aggression in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the relationship between the severity of BN and the frequency of aggressive acts. Patients and methods: 20 female college students with BN and 20 control subjects completed self-report measures of aggressive behavior and eating disorder pathology. They also completed the Juvenile Health and Wellness Survey-76 to assess general risk taking and indices of sexual behavior and mental health. Results: BN subjects reported higher levels of both overt and covert aggression (p < .001). Overt aggression tended to be more premeditated, while the self-report of covert aggression behavior was more impulsive. Levels of aggressive behavior were significantly correlated with severity of BN (p < .01). Subjects with BN reported higher levels of risk-taking and sexual behaviors. Conclusions: Aggression is an important clinical issue in BN. Subtypes of aggression suggest different pathways for overt and covert aggressive acts with impulsive covert aggression being more closely related to the binge-purge cycle. Awareness of subtypes of aggression in BN may have important clinical and treatment implications.

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2

Popescu, Elena Rodica, Suzana Semeniuc, Luminita Diana Hritcu, et al. "Cortisol and Oxytocin Could Predict Covert Aggression in Some Psychotic Patients." Medicina 57, no. 8 (2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080760.

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Background: The covert or indirect type of aggression has a risk of converting in violent acts and, considering that, it is very important to identify it in order to apply effective preventive measures. In cases of psychotic patients, the risk of becoming violent is harder to predict, as even neuter stimuli may be perceived as threat and trigger aggression. Treating all the psychiatric patients as potential aggressive subjects is not the best preventive measure as only a few of them are aggressive and this measure may further enhance the stigma on mentally ill patients. There is a current need for better understanding of covert aggression and to find objective measures, such as biological markers, that could be indicative of potential violent behavior. In this work, we try to investigate the role of cortisol and oxytocin as potential biomarkers of aggression in patients with psychosis. Material and Methods: We analyzed the level of peripheral oxytocin (pg/mL) and cortisol level (ng/mL) in 28 psychotic patients (they were not on psychotropic treatment at the moment of admission and those with substance abuse or personality disorder were excluded from the study) and correlated it with the intensity of aggression reported by the patient (overt and covert type) using the Overt Covert Aggression Inventory and the level of observed aggression of the patient in the past 7 days (rated by the health care provider) using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Results: We found that psychotic patients with a higher level of covert aggression had a lower level of cortisol (61.05 ± 8.04 ng/mL vs. 216.33 ± 12.6.9 ng/mL, p ˂ 0.01) and a higher level of oxytocin (102.87 ± 39.26 vs. 70.01 ± 25.07, p = 0.01) when compared with patients with a lower level of covert aggression. Furthermore, we observed significant negative correlation between cortisol and covert aggression (r = −0.676, p < 0.001) and between oxytocin and covert type of aggression (r = 0.382, p = 0.04). Moreover, we found that a lower level of cortisol together with a higher level of oxytocin are significant predictors of a style of internalized manifestation of aggression, with the predictive model explaining 55% of the variant of the internalized manifestation of aggression (F (2.25) = 17.6, p < 0.001, β = 0.35, R2 = 55.2). We did not find significant correlations between cortisol and overt aggression, and neither between oxytocin and overt aggression. Positive correlations were also found between the overt type of self-reported aggression and overt aggression reported by the rater (r = 0.459, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The importance of a predictive model in understanding covert aggression is imperative and the results of our study show that oxytocin and cortisol warrant to be further investigated in establishing a definitive predictive model for covert aggression.

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3

Kent, Stacey Ann Marie. "Cognitively Processing Covert Aggression." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (2020): 19148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.19148abstract.

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4

Miyazaki, Takao, Takahiro Shimizu, Gen Komaki, et al. "Development of the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory." Psychological Reports 93, no. 1 (2003): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.26.

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The expression of anger in Japanese people is different from that of other races. We developed a new brief inventory, the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory, to assess aggressive behavior of Japanese people by focusing on their uniqueness and examined us reliability and validity. This inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Picture-Frustration Study were administered to 3,104 men and 316 women in a factory. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were examined. We confirmed that the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory has adequate reliability and sufficient concurrent validity; however, further studies of the construct validity and discriminant validity are required.

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5

Nelson, Helen J., Sharyn K. Burns, Garth E. Kendall, and Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl. "The Factors That Influence and Protect Against Power Imbalance in Covert Bullying Among Preadolescent Children at School." Journal of School Nursing 34, no. 4 (2017): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517748417.

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In this article, the perceptions of preadolescent children (ages 9–11) regarding factors that influence and protect against power imbalance associated with covert aggression and bullying are explored. In aggression research, the term covert has been typically used to describe relational, indirect, and social acts of aggression that are hidden. These behaviors contrast with overt physical and verbal aggression. Children have previously conveyed their belief that covert aggression is harmful because adults do not see it even though children, themselves, are aware. We used focus groups to explore children’s understanding of covert aggression and to identify children’s experience and perception of adult support in relation to bullying. Thematic analysis supported the definition of covert aggression as that which is intentionally hidden from adults. Friendship, social exclusion, and secret from teacher were identified as factors that influence power imbalance, while support from friends and adult support protected against power imbalance.

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6

MIYAZAKI, TAKAO. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVERT-COVERT AGGRESSION INVENTORY." Psychological Reports 93, no. 5 (2003): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.5.26-34.

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7

Björkqvist, Kaj, Karin Österman, and Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz. "Sex differences in covert aggression among adults." Aggressive Behavior 20, no. 1 (1994): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:1<27::aid-ab2480200105>3.0.co;2-q.

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8

Nishijo, Muneko, Tai The Pham, Ngoc Thao Pham, et al. "Nutritional Intervention with Dried Bonito Broth for the Amelioration of Aggressive Behaviors in Children with Prenatal Exposure to Dioxins in Vietnam: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051455.

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Dioxins have been suggested to induce inflammation in the intestine and brain and to induce neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), partly due to deficits in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the brain that are sensitive to inflammatory stress. Previously, we reported ADHD traits with increased aggressiveness in children with prenatal exposure to dioxins in Vietnam, whereas dried bonito broth (DBB) has been reported to suppress inflammation and inhibit aggressive behavior in animal and human studies. In the present study, we investigated the association between dioxin exposure and the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 1), as well as the effects of DBB on the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 2). Methods: In Study 1, we investigated the effects of dioxin exposure on the prevalence of children with high aggression scores, which were assessed using the Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (C-SHARP) in dioxin-contaminated areas. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. In Study 2, we performed nutritional intervention by administering DBB for 60 days to ameliorate the aggressiveness of children with high scores on the C-SHARP aggression scale. The effects of DBB were assessed by comparing the prevalence of children with high C-SHARP scores between the pre- and post-intervention examinations. Results: In Study 1, only the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was significantly increased with an increase in dioxin exposure. In Study 2, in the full ingestion (>80% of goal ingestion volume) group, the prevalence of children with high covert aggression associated with dioxin exposure was significantly lower in the post-ingestion examination compared with in the pre-ingestion examination. However, in other ingestion (<20% and 20–79%) groups and a reference (no intervention) group, no difference in the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was found between the examinations before and after the same experimental period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that DBB ingestion may ameliorate children’s aggressive behavior, which is associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.

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9

Sagar, A., and H. Steiner. "OVERT AND COVERT AGGRESSION IN WOMEN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA." Journal of Investigative Medicine 52 (January 2004): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042871-200401001-00100.

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10

Rospenda, Kathleen M., and Judith A. Richman. "The Factor Structure of Generalized Workplace Harassment." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (2004): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.221.64097.

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We describe the development and psychometric characteristics of the Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire (GWHQ), a 29-item instrument developed to assess harassing experiences at work in five conceptual domains: verbal aggression, disrespect, isolation/exclusion, threats/bribes, and physical aggression. Over 1700 current and former university employees completed the GWHQ at three time points. Factor analytic results at each wave of data suggested a five-factor solution that did not correspond to the original five conceptual factors. We suggest a revised scoring scheme for the GWHQ utilizing four of the empirically extracted factors: covert hostility, verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Covert hostility was the most frequently experienced type of harassment, followed by verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Verbal hostility, covert hostility, and manipulation were found to be significant predictors of psychological distress.

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11

Pattison, James. "Covert Positive Incentives as an Alternative to War." Ethics & International Affairs 32, no. 3 (2018): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679418000400.

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AbstractAlthough often overlooked, positive incentives can play a key role in tackling aggression, human rights abuses, and the spread of weapons of mass destruction. In this essay, I focus on one form of positive incentives: covert incentives. First, I argue that covert incentives are preferable to overt incentives since they enable policymakers to eschew the shackles of public opinion and avoid worries of moral hazard and the corruption of international society. Second, I argue that covert incentives are often more justifiable than covert force since they do not involve problematic methods and do not make it easier to undertake military action. Accordingly, I conclude that there is a prima facie duty to employ covert positive incentives as opposed to overt incentives and covert force.

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12

Sagar, A., and H. Steiner. "100 OVERT AND COVERT AGGRESSION IN WOMEN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA." Journal of Investigative Medicine 52, Suppl 1 (2004): S96.2—S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-100.

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13

Ghim, Sung Chan, Doo Hwan Choi, Ji Jun Lim, and Sung Moon Lim. "The Relationship between Covert Narcissism and Relational Aggression in Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Internalized Shame and Anger Rumination." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 5, no. 1 (2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiet.2015.v5.469.

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14

Matlock, Scott Thomas, and Michael G. Aman. "Development of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP)." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 116, no. 2 (2011): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-116.2.130.

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Abstract In this study, the authors developed the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP). Sixty-one caregivers rated 512 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities on the A-SHARP. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors on the Problem Scale: (a) Verbal Aggression, (b) Physical Aggression, (c) Hostile Affect, (d) Covert Aggression, and (e) Bullying. Internal consistency was high, and intercorrelation of subscales suggested logical convergent and divergent validity. Separate scores were also derived for the Provocation Scale, which was developed to reflect motivation for the aggression (reactive vs. proactive). Analyses of demographic variables revealed 1 gender effect, several effects due to age and functional level, and no effect of ethnicity. Normative data are provided for the Problem Scale.

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15

CONNOR, DANIEL F., STEPHEN J. GLATT, IVAN D. LOPEZ, DENISE JACKSON, and RICHARD H. MELLONI. "Psychopharmacology and Aggression. I: A Meta-Analysis of Stimulant Effects on Overt/Covert Aggression–Related Behaviors in ADHD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (2002): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200203000-00004.

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16

Loeber, Rolf, Phen Wung, Kate Keenan, et al. "Developmental pathways in disruptive child behavior." Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 1-2 (1993): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004296.

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AbstractDevelopmental sequences in disruptive behavior from childhood to adolescence are traced retrospectively and prospectively in two community samples of boys. Three developmental pathways are distinguished: (a) an early authority conflict pathway, consisting in sequence of stubborn behavior, defiance, and authority avoidance; (b) a covert pathway, consisting of minor covert behaviors, property damage, and moderate to serious forms of delinquency; and (c) an overt pathway, consisting of aggression, fighting, and violence. The overlap among the three disruptive pathways is examined. Those boys who escalated in the overt pathway were more likely to escalate in the covert pathway than boys escalating in the covert pathway showing an escalation in the overt pathway. Escalation in the authority conflict pathway was not associated with escalation in either the overt or the covert pathways. Boys' rate of self-reported delinquency was highest for those in triple pathways (covert-overt-authority conflict) or in certain dual pathways (covert-overt, covert-authority conflict). However, by age 16 the highest rate of offending was displayed by those in the triple pathways. The rate of violent offenses was also highest for those in the triple pathways and for those in the overt and covert pathways. Results from the rate for court petitions largely supported these findings. Lowest rates of offending were observed for boys in the overt and authority conflict pathways. Implications are discussed for clinical practice and future research.

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17

Sook-young, Chun. "Mother's Dysfunctional Communication and Children’s Aggression -The Mediating Effects of Covert Narcissism-." Korean Journal of Play Therapy 18, no. 1 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17641/kapt.18.1.1.

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18

Bielova, Olena Bielova. "PATTERNING TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS / PRADINIŲ KLASIŲ MOKINIŲ, TURINČIŲ KALBĖJIMO SUTRIKIMŲ, AGRESYVAUS ELGESIO TIPAI." SPECIALUSIS UGDYMAS / SPECIAL EDUCATION 2, no. 40 (2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/se.v2i40.493.

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<p>In order to understand the relationship between speech disorders and aggressive behaviour, the dependence of aggressive behaviour in young school-age children on their speech disorders was studied experimentally. The study had 286 children (6 to 10 years old), 57% of them with typical psychophysical development and 43% with speech disorders in Ukrainian schools. According to the results of the summary of the scientific methods, there have been discoveries of three types of aggression and six subtypes of aggression and also their features: the self-regulating type of aggression incorporates the controlled and the competitive subtypes; covert type – defensive and depressive; behavioural type – demonstrative and physical. The findings indicate that the more complex the speech disorder is, the greater the manifestation of depressive, demonstrative and physical aggression is. The more complex the state of aggression is, the harder it is to realize it. A child cannot always overcome such states on his/her own; therefore, he/she needs co-education, adult assistance.</p><p>Norint suprasti ryšį tarp kalbos sutrikimų ir agresyvaus elgesio, buvo eksperimentiškai tiriama jaunesniojo mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų agresyvaus elgesio priklausomybė nuo jų kalbos sutrikimų. Tyrime dalyvavo 286 Ukrainos mokyklų mokiniai (nuo 6 iki 10 metų), iš jų 57% – tipiškos psichofizinės raidos ir 43% – turintys kalbos sutrikimų. Remiantis mokslinių metodų santraukos rezultatais, buvo nustatyti trys agresijos tipai ir šeši agresijos potipiai, taip pat jų ypatybės: savireguliacinis agresijos tipas apima kontroliuojamą ir konkurencinį agresijos potipius; paslėptas tipas – gynybinį ir depresinį; elgesio tipas – demonstratyvųjį ir fizinį. Išvados rodo, kad kuo sudėtingesnis yra kalbos sutrikimas, tuo labiau pasireiškia depresinė, demonstratyvi ir fizinė agresija. Kuo sudėtingesnė agresijos būsena, tuo sunkiau ją suvokti. Vaikas ne visada pats gali įveikti tokias būsenas; todėl jam reikalingas mokymasis kartu, suaugusiųjų pagalba.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

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19

Beal, Daniel J., Edgar C. O’Neal, Jason Ong, and Janet B. Ruscher. "The Ways and Means of Interracial Aggression: Modern Racists’ Use of Covert Retaliation." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 10 (2000): 1225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200262005.

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20

Kim, Sung-hoon. "The Structural Relationship among Covert Narcissism, Competitive Anxiety and Sports Aggression of Elementary Students." Journal of educational Research Institute 22, no. 3 (2020): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15564/jeju.2020.08.22.3.151.

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21

Zhou, Ling. "Moral stance taking as a device of covert aggression in Chinese political language use." Discourse, Context & Media 36 (August 2020): 100415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2020.100415.

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22

Klein, R. G. "Review: stimulants improve overt and covert aggression related behaviours in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Evidence-Based Mental Health 5, no. 4 (2002): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.5.4.108.

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23

Kim, Hye-weon, and Jee-yon Lee. "A Structural Analysis of Covert Narcissism, Aggression, Social Anxiety and Facebook Addiction of Adolescents." Asian Journal of Education 18, no. 2 (2017): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15753/aje.2017.06.18.2.265.

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24

Shin, Joo-Ae, and Han-Ik Cho. "Mediating Effect of Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness in Relation between Covert Narcissism and Avarice Aggression." Jounral of Educational Therapist 11, no. 2 (2019): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35185/kjet.11.2.2.

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25

Olson, Sheryl L., Arnold J. Sameroff, Jennifer E. Lansford, et al. "Deconstructing the externalizing spectrum: Growth patterns of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional behavior, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation between school entry and early adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 3 (2013): 817–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000199.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether five subcomponents of children's externalizing behavior showed distinctive patterns of long-term growth and predictive correlates. We examined growth in teachers' ratings of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional defiance, impulsivity/inattention, and emotion dysregulation across three developmental periods spanning kindergarten through Grade 8 (ages 5–13 years). We also determined whether three salient background characteristics, family socioeconomic status, child ethnicity, and child gender, differentially predicted growth in discrete categories of child externalizing symptoms across development. Participants were 543 kindergarten-age children (52% male, 81% European American, 17% African American) whose problem behaviors were rated by teachers each successive year of development through Grade 8. Latent growth curve analyses were performed for each component scale, contrasting with overall externalizing, in a piecewise fashion encompassing three developmental periods: kindergarten–Grade 2, Grades 3–5, and Grades 6–8. We found that most subconstructs of externalizing behavior increased significantly across the early school age period relative to middle childhood and early adolescence. However, overt aggression did not show early positive growth, and emotion dysregulation significantly increased across middle childhood. Advantages of using subscales were most clear in relation to illustrating different growth functions between the discrete developmental periods. Moreover, growth in some discrete subcomponents was differentially associated with variations in family socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Our findings strongly affirmed the necessity of adopting a developmental approach to the analysis of growth in children's externalizing behavior and provided unique data concerning similarities and differences in growth between subconstructs of child and adolescent externalizing behavior.

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26

Lim, Jeeyoung. "Relationship between Middle School Boys' Game Addiction and Aggression: Focused on Mediation effects of Covert Narcissism." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 16, no. 1 (2016): 688–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2016.16.01.688.

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Chun, Ju-Myung, and Young-Jin Lim. "Relationship between covert narcissism and reactive relational aggression : The mediating effects of causal and responsibility attributions." Korean Journal of Youth Studies 24, no. 12 (2017): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21509/kjys.2017.12.24.12.71.

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Lee, Anna, and Seung-Min Park. "The Mediating Effect of Friendship Jealousy between Covert Narcissism and Relational Aggression among Middle School Students." Korean Journal of Youth Studies 25, no. 9 (2018): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21509/kjys.2018.09.25.9.269.

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29

Kaukiainen, Ari, Christina Salmivalli, Kaj Björkqvist, et al. "Overt and covert aggression in work settings in relation to the subjective well-being of employees." Aggressive Behavior 27, no. 5 (2001): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.1021.

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Fossati, Andrea, Serena Borroni, Nancy Eisenberg, and Cesare Maffei. "Relations of proactive and reactive dimensions of aggression to overt and covert narcissism in nonclinical adolescents." Aggressive Behavior 36, no. 1 (2010): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20332.

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Di Giunta, Laura, Concetta Pastorelli, Nancy Eisenberg, Maria Gerbino, Valeria Castellani, and Anna Silvia Bombi. "Developmental trajectories of physical aggression: prediction of overt and covert antisocial behaviors from self- and mothers’ reports." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 19, no. 12 (2010): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-010-0134-4.

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32

Köhler, Tine, M. Gloria González-Morales, Victor E. Sojo, and Jesse E. Olsen. "Who Is the Wolf and Who Is the Sheep? Toward a More Nuanced Understanding of Workplace Incivility." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, no. 1 (2018): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.95.

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Cortina, Rabelo, and Holland's (2018) perspective on studying victimization in organizations is a welcome contribution to workplace aggression research. We share their believe that considering a perpetrator predation paradigm may advance and proliferate research on issues related to gender harassment, bullying, mobbing, and other explicitly overt forms of victimization where the intent to harm is supposedly clear. However, we propose that, if blindly adopted, neither the dominant victim precipitation paradigm nor the suggested perpetrator predation paradigm will improve research on incivility or other more covert and indirect forms of victimization. In fact, we suggest in our commentary that both models may be counterproductive for understanding and remedying incivility in organizations.

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Tung, Irene, and Steve S. Lee. "Latent trajectories of adolescent antisocial behavior: Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype influences sensitivity to perceived parental support." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 1 (2016): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000031.

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AbstractAlthough prevailing theories of antisocial behavior (ASB) emphasize distinct developmental trajectories, few studies have explored gene–environment interplay underlying membership in empirically derived trajectories. To improve knowledge about the development of overt (e.g., aggression) and covert (e.g., delinquency) ASB, we tested the association of the 44-base pair promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR), perceived parental support (e.g., closeness and warmth), and their interaction with ASB trajectories derived using latent class growth analysis in 2,558 adolescents followed prospectively into adulthood from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Three distinct trajectories emerged for overt (low desisting, adolescent peak, and late onset) and covert ASB (high stable, low stable, and nonoffending). Controlling for sex, parental support inversely predicted membership in the adolescent-peak overt ASB trajectory (vs. low desisting), but was unrelated to class membership for covert ASB. Furthermore, the 5-HTTLPR genotype significantly moderated the association of parental support on overt ASB trajectory membership. It is interesting that the pattern of Gene × Environment interaction differed by trajectory class: whereas short allele carriers were more sensitive to parental support in predicting the late-onset trajectory, the long/long genotype functioned as a potential “plasticity genotype” for the adolescent-peak trajectory group. We discuss these preliminary findings in the context of the differential susceptibility hypothesis and discuss the need for future studies to integrate gene–environment interplay and prospective longitudinal designs.

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Kosovtseva, Ariuna, Lyubov Rychkova, Anna Pogodina, Vladimir Polyakov, and Zhanna Ajurova. "Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Emotional Problems in Rural Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity." International Journal of Biomedicine 10, no. 4 (2020): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article10(4)_oa22.

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Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and emotional functioning are important parameters of weight-loss motivation. The aim of this study was to identify the association between emotional/personal characteristics and HRQL in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods and Results: Our cross-sectional case-control study included 172 adolescents: 19 of them overweight, 67 obese, and 86 healthy. We measured anthropometry and performed a psychological examination (PedsQL 4.0, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and Personality inventory Mini-SMIL). Negative correlations prevailed between PedsQL scales and psychological traits of healthy adolescents: increases in anxiety, covert anger, and depression were associated with a decrease of HRQL (Total Scale Scores, Psychosocial Health Score, Physical Health Score, and Emotional, Social and School functioning). The psychological impairment (Irritability, Resentment, Guilt, Covert anger) positively correlated with a change in HRQL (Total Scale Scores, Psychosocial Health Score, and Physical Health Score) in obese adolescents. Conclusion: Obese adolescents had an inadequate association between HRQL and emotional state: the accumulation of anxiety and aggression was accompanied by an increase in HRQL. These difficulties can be a barrier to having treatment and weight-loss motivation.

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Berrocal, Martina. "‘Victim playing’ as a form of verbal aggression in the Czech parliament." Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 5, no. 1 (2017): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlac.5.1.04ber.

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Abstract As the core of political discourse is the struggle for power and scarce resources, conflict seems to be an essential component of political action and interaction. In addition, conflicts in parliament are manifested in many different ways. They range from disputes during the plenary sessions to more personal attacks in the question time. This paper, however, examines an atypical display of parliamentary discourse, namely a speech by a social democratic MP David Rath, which regarded a vote on his extradition and was delivered on 5 June 2012. This speech obviously did not fulfil the primary function of the parliamentary sessions, i.e. legislating and decision-making. Here the MP was given the opportunity to present his own version of events and ask fellow MPs to maintain his parliamentary immunity. The analysis revealed two intertwining discourse strategies. On the one hand, the MP who is charged with several criminal acts presents himself as a victim of a conspiracy. In that, he aims to divert attention from the criminal case while calling for sympathy and providing self-justification. On the other hand, he uses his time to verbally complain about his arrest, the conditions in which he is held in custody, and the people he holds responsible for his current situation; he uses verbal attacks to undermine and disqualify a number of overt and covert enemies. The key aim of the analysis is to explore how victimhood is constructed in discourse, what discourse strategies are observable at the macro-level and how they are reflected in the discourse structure and in the linguistic style.

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Nelson, H. J., G. E. Kendall, S. Burns, and K. Schonert-Reichl. "Protocol for the design of an instrument to measure preadolescent children's self-report of covert aggression and bullying." BMJ Open 5, no. 11 (2015): e009084-e009084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009084.

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Pradhan, Sajeet, Aman Srivastava, and Dharmesh K. Mishra. "Abusive supervision and knowledge hiding: the mediating role of psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 2 (2019): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-05-2019-0248.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between abusive supervision and employee’s knowledge hiding behaviour among Indian information technology (IT) employees. The paper also strives to theoretically discuss and then seek empirical evidence to the two mediational paths (namely, psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression) that explain the focal relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding. Design/methodology/approach To test the proposed hypotheses, the study draws cross-sectional data from Indian IT employees working in various IT firms in India. Data were collected at two time points (T1 and T2) separated by one month to counter the priming effect and neutralize any threat of common method bias. The final sample of 270 valid and complete responses was analysed using SmartPLS 3 to test the hypotheses. Findings Results showed that abusive supervision is positively related to employee’s knowledge hiding behaviours. Also, both psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression partially mediates the abusive supervision-knowledge hiding behaviour linkage. Originality/value First, the current study has tested the positive relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding behaviours unlike most of the previous investigations that have focussed on knowledge sharing behaviour (the two are different constructs having different antecedents). Second, the study also empirically investigated the two parallel mediational routes, namely, psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression that explains the blame attributed by the beleaguered employee that led to covert retaliatory behaviour, such as knowledge hiding.

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Downing, Steven. "They’re Not Mean Girls If They Are Adult Women: Reality Television’s Construction of Women’s Identity and Interpersonal Aggression." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 1 (2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417735781.

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Drawing on a first-hand account from co-author and participant in a recent season of a popular romance-based reality TV show, this study considers how such shows construct and reinforce stereotypes about women’s relational dynamics with men and other women. It is argued that through careful production and gender scripting, these typologies are situated within a hierarchy of women’s relational interaction that normalizes aggression and bullying among adult women, reframing the ‘mean girl’ from an undesirable role to one that is portrayed as a normal and empowering role for adult women, especially in service of the pursuit of a male partner. The implications of this transformation extend to other women who are portrayed as ‘the other’ and as a result often subordinately positioned in the relational hierarchy reflected on the show. Implications for future research on gender scripts in popular media, the social construction of women’s relational dynamics, and manifestations of covert and overt bullying in these dynamics are discussed.

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Loveday, Leo John. "The sarcastic implicatures of an ambivalent villain: Dahl’s Willy Wonka." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 27, no. 2 (2018): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947018766453.

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This study investigates the impoliteness of Willy Wonka, a leading character in the children’s fantasy novella Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and probes into the workings of his sadistic innuendo. While the menacing undertones of Wonka’s verbal aggression simultaneously thrill and horrify, they also deserve an explanation that goes beyond their trite dismissal as the embodiment of schoolboy humour. This research applies a Gricean framework to Wonka’s sarcastic discourse to reveal his grotesque violation of the social conventions of conversation. It scrutinises his covert verbal abuse with the aim of demonstrating how pragmatic resources help to serve literary characterisation. The analysis demonstrates how Dahl meticulously exploits the tool of conversational implicatures in order to position Wonka as an ambivalent villain.

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김정균 and 장석진. "The Mediating Effects of Irrational Beliefs in the Relationship between Covert Narcissism and Relational Aggression of Middle School Students." Korea Journal of Counseling 15, no. 2 (2014): 791–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.15.2.201404.791.

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Cho, Seong Hwi, and Yo Han Ka. "The relationship between covert narcissism and interpersonal problems of Christian college students focusing on the mediating effect of displaced aggression." Korean Journal of Christian Counseling 31, no. 4 (2020): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23909/kjcc.2020.11.31.4.261.

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Lim, Hye Eun, and Sae-Young Han. "The Influences of Covert Narcissism on Displaced Aggression in Late Childhood: The Mediating Effects of Internalized Shame and Rejection Sensitivity." Korean Journal of Child Studies 37, no. 4 (2016): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.4.129.

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Shultz, Richard H. "Iranian covert aggression: Support for radical political Islamists conducting internal subversion against states in the Middle East/Southwest Asia region." Terrorism and Political Violence 6, no. 3 (1994): 281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546559408427262.

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Moore, John Norton. "The Nicaragua Case and the Deterioration of World Order." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (1987): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202145.

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For all their greatness, democracies historically have difficulty in perceiving and deterring totalitarian aggression. William Stevenson reminds us in A Man Called Intrepid that debate raged within the United States as to whether we should enter World War II on the side of England even after the rest of Europe had fallen to the Nazis. The American ambassador to England cautioned against such entry, arguing that England was militarily doomed. President Roosevelt, who had months earlier secretly committed U.S. intelligence assets to British support, felt that he did not have the necessary popular support to enter the war. And the British were so concerned about American indecisiveness that even after Pearl Harbor they executed a covert operation to persuade Hitler to declare war on the United States, which, of course, he did before America entered the war against Germany.

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Gilbert, Michelle. "Aesthetic strategies: the politics of a royal ritual." Africa 64, no. 1 (1994): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161096.

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AbstractThe article explores both the meaning of Odwira, the royal ritual which annually cleanses the community of pollution, and the way the rite is used to negotiate the shifting configurations of power in Akuropon and the kingdom of Akuapem. In a small society where consensus is required in public and conflict is covert, where kings formerly had the power to reduce opponents to slavery and still today can deny them a position and a home, opposition must be circumspect. Rituals and symbols are good for making a political statement, since an in-built ambiguity makes them a safe medium for political aggression. For this reason, although the Odwira ritual of purification is thought to be unchanging in its performance and symbolic structure, i n practice the community's volatile politics are also reflected in the ad hoc modifications made each year to the lengthy ceremonial process.

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Park, Kun-hee, and Eun-Jung Jung. "The Relationship Between Covert Narcissism and Depression of High School Students: The Mediating Effects of Anger-out, Anger-in and Displaced Aggression." Future Oriented Youth Society 15, no. 4 (2018): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34244/fy.2018.15.4.43.

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Lim, Yu-been, and You-jin Han. "The Effects of Rejection Sensitivity and Covert Narcissism on Displaced Aggression in Middle School Students: The Mediating Effects of Social Status Insecurity." Journal of Families and Better Life 39, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7466/jfbl.2021.39.1.1.

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Kim Bin Na, Chang-Dai Kim, and SEOWON SHIN. "The Effect of Validation Intervention on State Anger, Anger Suppression and Aggression Caused by Negative Feedback -among College Students with Covert Narcissistic Tendency-." Korea Journal of Counseling 19, no. 6 (2018): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15703/kjc.19.6.201812.19.

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Tremblay, Richard E., Louise C. Mâsse, Frank Vitaro, and Patricia L. Dobkin. "The impact of friends' deviant behavior on early onset of delinquency: Longitudinal data from 6 to 13 years of age." Development and Psychopathology 7, no. 4 (1995): 649–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006763.

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AbstractSociological theories suggest that association with deviant friends is a necessary step on the path to early onset of delinquent behavior, while personality theories imply that deviant behavior will be stable from childhood to adulthood. These two rival hypotheses were tested with boys (N = 758) recruited from 53 schools in low socioeconomic areas of Montreal. Disruptive behavior in kindergarten was assessed by teachers; aggression and likability at ages 10, 11, and 12 years were rated by classroom peers; delinquent behaviors at ages 11, 12, and 13 years were reported by subjects. Best friend dyads were created by having boys independently identify each other as one of four best friends. Three independent samples were created to replicate findings at different ages (10–11 years, 11–12 years, and 12–13 years). Results of LISREL analyses from the three samples indicated that the main path toward early onset of both overt and covert delinquency was from kindergarten disruptive behavior to aggression between ages 10 to 12 years, and to delinquency from ages 11 to 13 years. Best friends' behavioral characteristics were associated with the subjects' own behavioral characteristics between ages of 10 and 12 years, but did not explain the level of self-reported delinquency the following year, when the subjects' own behavioral characteristics had been taken into account. Because friends tend to share the same behavioral characteristics, they are more likely to foster continuity in behavior than change. We suggest that the influence of significant peers other than best friends be investigated and that a categorical approach be used to try to identify subgroups of boys who may be highly responsive to peers' influence.

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Shin, Hyun-kyung, and Seung-yeon Lee. "A Study on Relationship between Covert Narcissism and Displaced Aggression of University Students : Focused on the Mediating Effect of Anger-in and the Moderating Effect of Social Exclusion." Korean Journal of Youth Studies 23, no. 10 (2016): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.21509/kjys.2016.10.23.10.259.

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