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Miller, Mitch. "Covert Participant Observation: Reconsidering The Least Used Method." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 11, no. 2 (May 1995): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629501100202.
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Strudwick, Ruth. "Tensions in ethnographic observation: overt or covert?" Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-11-2016-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the tensions between being covert and overt during ethnographic observations. The example of an ethnographic study of the culture in a diagnostic imaging department will be used to provide examples. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a reflection on an ethnographic study, focussing on the participant observation. Findings This paper discusses the author’s reflections on the covert and overt nature of ethnographic observation. Originality/value The discussion is of value to all ethnographic researchers who experience this tension.
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Brotsky, Sarah R., and David Giles. "Inside the “Pro-ana” Community: A Covert Online Participant Observation." Eating Disorders 15, no. 2 (March 21, 2007): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10640260701190600.
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McKenzie, John S. "‘You Don't Know How Lucky you are to be Here!’: Reflections on Covert Practices in an Overt Participant Observation Study." Sociological Research Online 14, no. 2 (March 2009): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1925.
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There has been a tendency in sociology to see covert and overt roles of social researchers in participant observation studies as opposites. This is both in terms of the researcher role and the surrounding ethics, with the overt researcher role being seen as fundamentally more ethical than the covert participant observer. However, Calvey (2008) alleged that covert practices often remain unreported in overt accounts. The purpose of this paper is therefore to address this issue through reflections on my own research experience. Drawing on my research with the contemporary spiritual milieu in Scotland, I will argue that the covert and overt roles are far from opposites and should be seen as part of a continuum. The moral high ground attributed to overt research is often questionable and most overt studies will employ covert practices. It will therefore be argued that decisions regarding the role of the participant observer should be grounded in the intellectual contemplation of specific research situations, including ethical considerations, rather than condemning sound social enquiry on the misguided basis that overt research is always superior to covert studies because of its ethical standards. In conclusion it will be argued that all researchers have a responsibility to reflect honestly upon their research experience as part of wider reflexive turn in social research.
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Lauder, Matthew A. "Covert Participant Observation of a Deviant Community: Justifying the Use of Deception." Journal of Contemporary Religion 18, no. 2 (May 2003): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353790032000067518.
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Roulet, Thomas J., Michael John Gill, and Sebastien Stenger. ""Cloak-and-dagger Organization Research: Benefits, Costs & Ethics of Covert Participant Observation"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 12336. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.25.
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Jaimangal-Jones, Dewi. "Utilising ethnography and participant observation in festival and event research." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-09-2012-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues surrounding the use of ethnography and participant observation in event studies. It considers the role and benefits of participant observation in terms of understanding event audiences and provides examples of the range of participant motivations and preferences such approaches can reveal and explore. As a methodological paper it focuses on the processes, challenges and benefits surrounding the utilisation of ethnographic methods within events research, with specific examples taken from an ethnographic study into contemporary dance music culture to contextualise the discussion. Design/methodology/approach – Ethnography and participant observation are flexible research approaches characterised by varying levels of participation in and observation of different cultural groups and activities. This paper focuses specifically on participant observation revolving around field trips, focus groups, internet research and key informant interviews. Findings – The challenges facing ethnographic researchers studying event audiences include identifying opportunities for observation and participation, identity negotiation for different research settings, their positioning on the participant observer spectrum, recruiting participants, recording data and the extent to which research takes an overt or covert approach, bearing in mind ethics and participant reactivity. It concludes that once these challenges are addressed, this multifaceted approach provides a valuable avenue for researchers exploring the range of socio-cultural forces at play surrounding event audiences and their experiences. Originality/value – It advocates a shift from attempts to quantify audience motivations and experiences, to methods which seek to understand them more fully through focusing on the entirety of the event experience and the influence of surrounding cultural networks and discourses.
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Rose, Stephen M. "Defining a therapeutic selfhood for delinquent youth: A covert participant observation of a juvenile correction facility." Child & Youth Care Forum 20, no. 4 (August 1991): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00757280.
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Perez, Teresa Sandra. "In support of situated ethics: ways of building trust with stigmatised ‘waste pickers’ in Cape Town." Qualitative Research 19, no. 2 (December 24, 2017): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794117746553.
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To a large extent, conformity to rigid principles continues to constrain a more situated approach to research ethics. Although this means deception is seen as something that should be avoided at all costs, I found that covert aspects of my ethnographic study enabled me to minimise the inequality between researcher and research participants. This article explores my use of situated ethics in interactions with street ‘waste pickers’ during fieldwork in Cape Town using participant observation. I opted to wear a hidden recorder and obtain selective consent, which I argue was more appropriate than relying solely on a fieldnote journal or obtaining signatures on a written consent form. These methods enabled me to communicate respect and build trust. The implication is that a contextualised approach to ethical procedures can be better suited to sensitive research topics, with marginalised social groups, where there is extreme inequality between researchers and their research participants.
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Ledbetter, Charles. "Sexuality and informal authority in the Church of England." Theology 120, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x16676676.
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This represents a five-year ethnographic study of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender clergy in the Church of England . Using participant observation and interviews, this research examines the sociological dimension of the church’s policies regarding clerical sexuality, specifically the relationship between the church’s official policy, which bars those in same-gender sexual relationships from ordained ministry, and the observation that a significant number of clergy fall into this category. The primary effect is a culture of deep institutional uncertainty. Clergy employ a range of strategies to reconcile with church policy, safeguard partnerships and maintain secure professional relationships. On the institutional side, supervisors negotiate responsibility to church policy, pastoral responsibilities to clergy and public perception. Ultimately, the tensions between these various roles are negotiated between clergy and supervisors in informal relationships which often employ covert uses of power and authority.
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Fallaria, A. J., R. de Jesus, M. Carpio, F. L. Jacinto, L. De Leon, J. Agapito, and J. G. Ramos. "Emerging from the ‘worst’: An ethnography of the modern Filipino commuting culture behind the Metro Manila traffic crisis." MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201032.
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Metropolitan Manila has become the world’s ‘worst’ in terms of its traffic scenarios and such crisis left an impact to the commuters which has led to the emergence of the modern Filipino commuting culture. The ethnography utilized covert participant observation in which the researchers immersed themselves in the culture and experience the activities of the commuting culture. They also conducted personal and synchronous interview to the participants involved. The findings of the study are summarized through five emergent themes which represent the roots of the culture’s existence, the commuters’ preferences on public transit modes, the features of Metro Manila commuting experiences, the coping mechanisms and adjustments done by commuters, and the desires and decisions for commuting experiences, respectively. Also, the mentioned culture reflected the Filipino values such as patience, crab mentality, and the misused value of resilience. The findings ended with a concrete recommendation to establish an Internet-based platform for Metro Manila commuters and a summary report intended for public transport stakeholders and public officials.
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Nyam, Isaac Imo-Ter, and Stella-Maris Ngozi Okpara. "9Mobile news SMS entrepreneurship and citizen journalism potentials in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 00, no. 00 (May 19, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00052_1.
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Abstract There is increased mobile telecommunications penetration across Nigeria. One of the realities connected to such penetration is the news-text services offered by the country’s 9Mobile mobile telecommunications company. This content analysis and covert non-participant observation research examined news entrepreneurial and citizen journalism potentials of the service. Findings show that news SMS service is encouraging, but issues such as delayed delivery and incomplete replications concurrently hamper entrepreneurial and citizen journalism benefits. The degree of diversity of 9Mobile news SMS contents is also poor. Nevertheless, there was significant use of prominent news stories – as derived from the hardcopies of the sourcing national newspapers. The research notes the need for news SMS copyright and plagiarism checks alongside other professional standards. Overall, it is pertinent to reiterate that irrespective of shortcomings, convergent news deliveries of 9Mobile SMS-MoreNews retain significant potentials for entrepreneurship and citizen journalism.
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Oswald, David, Fred Sherratt, and Simon Smith. "Managing production pressures through dangerous informality: a case study." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2018-0475.
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Purpose It is well-known that significant production pressures exist on many construction projects and previous studies have suggested that this pressure is a contributory factor in safety incidents on sites. While research has established that production pressures exist, less is understood about the construction practices that occur when projects are under such pressures and their repercussion for safety. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Through an ethnographic approach on a large construction project in the UK, these practices were explored and unpacked. The lead researcher was a member of the Health and Safety department, and undertook participant observation as a main research tool for three years. Findings It was found that informal, covert and dangerous “piecework” strategies were adopted at the site level in direct response to scheduling demands. Construction workers were incentivised through extra finance and rest periods to finish the work quickly, which, in turn, prioritised production over safety. Unreasonable production pressures remain an unresolved problem in the construction industry and are, perhaps consequentially, being informally managed on-site. Originality/value This study improves our understanding of the complexities involved in the unresolved demands between production and safety on construction sites, which marks a step towards addressing this substantial challenge that is deeply ingrained within the industry.
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Lloyd, Anthony. "Ideology at work: reconsidering ideology, the labour process and workplace resistance." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 5/6 (June 13, 2017): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2016-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider existing debates within the sociology of work, particularly the re-emergence of labour process theory (LPT) and the “collective worker”, in relation to resistance at work. Through presentation of primary data and a dialectical discussion about the nature of ideology, the paper offers alternative interpretations on long-standing debates and raises questions about the efficacy of workplace resistance. Design/methodology/approach The design of this methodology is an ethnographic study of a call centre in the North-East of England, a covert participant observation at “Call Direct” supplemented by semi-structured interviews with call centre employees. Findings The findings in this paper suggest that resistance in the call centre mirrors forms of resistance outlined elsewhere in both the call centre literature and classical workplace studies from the industrial era. However, in presenting an alternative interpretation of ideology, as working at the level of action rather than thought, the paper reinterprets the data and characterises workplace resistance as lacking the political potential for change often emphasised in LPT and other workplace studies. Originality/value The original contribution of this paper is in applying an alternative interpretation of ideology to a long-standing debate. In asking sociology of work scholars to consider the “reversal of ideology”, it presents an alternative perspective on resistance in the workplace and raises questions about the efficacy of workplace disobedience.
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Lawlor, Margaret-Anne, Áine Dunne, and Jennifer Rowley. "Young consumers’ brand communications literacy in a social networking site context." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 11 (November 14, 2016): 2018–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2015-0395.
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Purpose While substantial scholarly attention has been given to children’s understanding of advertising in the context of traditional advertising channels, there is a gap in the literature with regard to children’s commercial awareness in the context of online social networking sites. This paper aims to seek to explore the nature and extent of advertising literacy among young consumers in the context of their use of social networking sites, namely, Facebook and Bebo. Design/methodology/approach A three-stage study was conducted with 12 to 14-year-old girls, using focus group discussions, participant observation and in-depth interviews. Findings The study illustrates that the increasingly blurred line between online advertising and other forms of online brand-related content is militating against the development of advertising and marketing literacy in young consumers. A key issue which is discussed is the extent to which the traditional conceptualisation of advertising literacy is “fit for purpose” in an online context. Originality/value The authors propose an alternative to the advertising literacy concept, namely, the Online Brand Communications literacy framework. This framework recognises the convergence of traditional online advertising and other forms of online brand content and also acknowledges that the messaging around a brand may originate from the brand owner in a variety of overt and covert forms. Equally, online consumers may also act as brand promoters when they engage in brand-related word-of-mouth.
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Ferguson, Shelagh, Jack Smith, and Janet Hoek. "An Analysis of Tobacco Placement in YouTube Cartoon Series The Big Lez Show." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz051.
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Abstract Introduction Social media platforms such as YouTube provide largely unregulated opportunities for covert tobacco product placement that immerse viewers in evolving narratives and surrounding fan-created material. A Winfield Blues product placement appeared in series 3 of The Big Lez Show, a “crude comedy,” DIY animation web series that has garnered more than 70 million views. Methods We used a netnographic approach that adapts the traditional, in-person participant observation techniques of ethnography to investigate this online fan and associated paratexts, and conducted a frame-by-frame analysis of the most pertinent 12 minutes and 5 seconds of animation, and 250 pages of paratexts. Results The Big Lez show links “Winnie Blues” to seemingly authentic virtual content, including memes, merchandise, discussion groups, and even smartphone apps. These para, or secondary texts, surround the original content, provide opportunities for brand co-creation in online fan forums, and integrate tobacco brands in everyday life. Conclusions The Big Lez Show integrates Winnie Blues with popular culture and raises important questions about how social media facilitates tobacco product placement. Policy responses include encouraging social media platforms to include tobacco within webmaster guidelines and requiring site owners to demonstrate their content reaches only those legally able to purchase tobacco. Implications Contemporary entertainment using social media platforms can create immersive contexts that present an elusive and ongoing challenge to tobacco control policies. The Big Lez Show’s use of the Winnie Blues brand imagery spawned memes, merchandise, and smartphone apps that amplified the brand’s reach and connection with young people. Policy responses include stronger requirements that webmasters include tobacco product placement within their guidelines or requirements that site owners featuring tobacco imagery demonstrate their sites do not reach those aged below the age at which tobacco may be legally purchased.
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Blankson, Charles, Seth Ketron, and Joseph Darmoe. "The role of positioning in the retail banking industry of Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 685–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2016-0055.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate employment of positioning strategies in the retail bank sector of Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically using Ghana as the study context. In addition, it explores the applicability of western-based typology of positioning strategies in the Sub-Saharan African environment. Design/methodology/approach Six retail banks – three national and three foreign – are studied, each through an in-depth case study method: covert and participant observation techniques; and face-to-face interviews of chief executive officers, marketing managers, and bank branch managers provided data for the study. Findings The results show that the “service” positioning strategy is the most popular strategy employed by retail banks. “Value for money,” “attractiveness,” “brand name,” and “country of origin” positioning strategies are also dominant. “Top of the range” and “selectivity” strategies are minimally pursued by the sample of banks studied. The results reveal that both foreign and national retail banks employ multiple positioning strategies in the face of competition. However, foreign retail banks consistently employ a; large number of strategies relative to national retail banks. This paper supports the applicability of a western-derived set of positioning strategies in the Sub-Saharan African marketplace. Research limitations/implications This study closes a gap in the understanding of positioning, as well as filling the empirical gap in the application of positioning. In addition, it helps resolve a contextual gap of knowledge in Sub-Saharan Africa’s retail banking sector. Originality/value This study responds to Porter (1996), Clancy and Trout (2002), and Knox (2004) for continued empirical research in positioning in service industries and specifically in Sub-Saharan African economies (Coffie, 2014, 2016; Coffie and Owusu-Frimpong, 2014). Moreover, this research adds value to the banking and marketing literatures through a qualitative case study method, which is an important yet overlooked research method (Yin, 2009).
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Stasiak, Andrzej. "TOUR LEADERS AND TOUR GUIDES IN THE ERA OF EXPERIENCE ECONOMY." Folia Turistica 54 (March 31, 2020): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0514.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to apply selected elements of the experience economy theory in the domain of tourism, with particular consideration of tour leader and tour guides services. The author's intention is to present the general theoretical outline of this conception, emphasize the specificity and particularity of tourist experiences, as well as to define the role of leaders and guides in creating them. In the second part of the article, the author discusses, in detail, the most important tools and the rules of conscious and purposeful staging of tourist experiences by leaders and guides (application aspect). Method. The article is based on a review of literature (Polish and foreign scientific publications), the results of the author's earlier research on tourist experiences, as well as his substantial professional experience (as a courier, course leader and examiner). Theoretical deliberations have been illustrated with the results of participant, covert and uncontrolled observation of several tourist events organised by a major Polish tour-operator. Findings. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that: 1) tourist experience differs considerably from "ordinary" market experience, because it is, at the same time, the essence and the sense of travelling ; 2) the tour leaders' role should be, among others, care for the desired form of the trip participants' ultimate experience; 3) storytelling still remains the main tool for creating tourist experience; 4) staging tourist experiences is a kind of art, governed by specific rules. Research and conclusions limitations. Due to the theoretical nature of the deliberations and the limited range of the author's own studies, the theses presented in the article require empirical verification on a larger sample. The article may initiate a discussion on supplementing the theoretical basis of the tour leader's (guide's) instruments with selected elements of the experience economy conception, and may become an inspiration to undertake even more detailed research on conscious staging of tourist experiences by tour leaders and tour guides. Practical implications. The article presents a set of well-defined, detailed rules of effectively creating exceptional, unique tourist experiences. These recommendations should prove useful in the everyday work of tour leaders and guides. Originality. This article is the first publication in Polish or even among world literature on the subject, which presents an attempt to adapt elements of the experience economy theory to the issues of tour leader and tour guide work. Type of paper. The article presents both – theoretical concepts and empirical studies.
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Podschuweit, Nicole. "How ethical challenges of covert observations can be met in practice." Research Ethics 17, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470161211008218.
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This paper aims to bring into the ethical debate on covert research two aspects that are neglected to date: the perspective of the research subjects and the special responsibility of investigators towards their observers. Both aspects are falling behind, especially in quantitative social research. From a methodological point of view, quantitative forms of covert observation involve a great distance between the researcher and the research subjects. When human observers are involved, the focus is usually on the reliable application of the measuring instrument. Therefore, herein, a quantitative study is used as an example to show how the protection needs of both the observed persons and the observers can be met in practice. The study involved 40 student observers who covertly captured everyday conversations in real-world settings (e.g. in cafés or trains) by a highly standardised observation scheme. The study suggests that the anonymity of the research subjects and their trust in the observers are crucial for their subsequent consent. However, many participants showed only little or even no interest in the written information they were provided. Further, this study strongly emphasises how mentally stressful covert observations are to the observers. Almost all observers were worried in advance that the people they were observing would prematurely blow their cover and confront them. Role-playing and in-depth discussions in teams are good strategies to alleviate such and other fears and to prepare student assistants well for their demanding work in the field.
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Walczak-Duraj, Danuta. "Causes of deficits and ethical dilemmas in scientific research." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 6 (March 25, 2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.6.02.
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The analysis of the deficits and ethical dilemmas in research will be related to two disciplines of the social sciences: sociology and economics. Research conducted within these disciplines, because of its multi-paradigm nature, tends to be characterized by deficits, not only ethical but also ethical and methodological dilemmas and interpretation reasons. The leading thesis of this paper aims to argue that the looming deficits and ethical dilemmas of Polish researchers in the field of social sciences are two basic but very different premises. The first group of reasons primarily refers to broad ethical deficits, perceived unreliableness in terms of scientific research. It is related mainly to the structural aspects of the functioning of universities and other research units and logic parameterization. In the ethical programs (especially codes of ethics), ethical deficits are identified in three areas of “activity” of research related to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the results relating to: bragging—e.g. the preparation, recording and publishing of the results that were not obtained; falsification—which means manipulating the research materials, equipment or method, replacing or bypassing the data in such a way that the results are not presented in a true way; plagiarism—the appropriation of other people ideas, methods, results, or terms without proper reference. Plagiarism is also the unauthorized use of information obtained through confidential review of proposals and manuscripts, or e.g. using conference presentations without permission. Its structural evidence is primarily the emphasis on “productivity” and parameterization as the basic criterion, not only of scientific but also academic success-oriented and personalized careers. The second group of reasons refers primarily to broad ethical dilemmas; to the ethical context of social research at every stage of the proceedings: conceptualization, selection of methods, techniques and research tools, conducting research (which concern, for example, the covert participant observation), analysis and interpretation of data, publishing developed and interpreted empirical material. Performing even a cursory analysis of how to present research findings in these two disciplines, you can come to the conclusion that the methodological competence of the investigator does not always go hand in hand with ethical competence. What is more, there is a tendency to downplay the principle that the social sciences should be guided by the principle of the so-called humanistic coefficient.
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Rosenthal, Gary T., Barlow Soper, Rebecca S. Tabony, and Abe Rosenthal. "Ability to Detect Covert Observation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 1 (August 1997): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.75.
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A study was conducted to evaluate persons' purported ability to detect hidden observers. Anecdotally, most people (87%) report that covert observation can be detected. A total of 140 college students individually sat in a room with a two-way mirror and video-monitor camera. They were told that they might be observed for any or all of the subsequent 5 min. Participants noted whether they felt a hidden observer watched them during each minute of the 5-min. session. After the session, students reported if a possible hidden observer watched via a two-way mirror or video camera or if they were not watched. Students were unable to detect observation beyond chance. Possible reasons for the persistence of the belief in detection of covert observation are posited as impetus for further research.
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Carter, Sarah, Martin Herold, Inge G. C. Jonckheere, Andres B. Espejo, Carly Green, and Sylvia Wilson. "Capacity Development for Use of Remote Sensing for REDD+ MRV Using Online and Offline Activities: Impacts and Lessons Learned." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112172.
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Four workshops and a webinar series were organized, with the aim of building capacity in countries to use Earth Observation Remote Sensing data to monitor forest cover changes and measure emissions reductions for REDD+ results-based payments. Webinars and workshops covered a variety of relevant tools and methods. The initiative was collaboratively organised by a number of Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) partner institutions with funding from the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). The collaborative approach with multiple partners proved to be efficient and was able to reach a large audience, particularly in the case of the webinars. However, the impact in terms of use of tools and training of others after the events was higher for the workshops. In addition, engagement with experts was higher from workshop participants. In terms of efficiency, webinars are significantly cheaper to organize. A hybrid approach might be considered for future initiatives; and, this study of the effectiveness of both in-person and online capacity building can guide the development of future initiatives, something that is particularly pertinent in a COVID-19 era.
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Davies, Joanne. "AN INTRODUCTION TO DEBRIEFING." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2015): 44.2–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2015-000044.11.
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The interactive workshop will cover the basic elements of Debriefing. Introduce a tool that can guide debriefs. Allow time for expert modelling and practice using the tools provided.Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this session participants should be able to:1. Identify the three different approaches to debriefing2. Identify the defining criteria for using the different approaches3. Describe the value of exploring participant frames4. Describe the RUST model5. Use the OPIC (Observation, Point of View, Inquiry/Curiosity) Cognitive aid to practice debriefing in the learning activityThe Sidra Sim Team would run this interactive session with 4–5 team members.
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Rosell, Linn, Jessica Wihl, Oskar Hagberg, Björn Ohlsson, and Mef Nilbert. "Function, information, and contributions: An evaluation of national multidisciplinary team meetings for rare cancers." Rare Tumors 11 (January 2019): 203636131984169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2036361319841696.
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National virtual multidisciplinary team meetings have been established in Swedish cancer care in response to centralized treatment of rare cancers. Though national meetings grant access to a large multidisciplinary network, we hypothesized that video-based meetings may challenge participants’ contributions to the case discussions. We investigated participants’ views and used observational tools to assess contributions from various health professionals during the multidisciplinary team meetings. Data on participants’ views were collected using an electronic survey distributed to participants in six national multidisciplinary team meetings for rare cancers. Data from observations were obtained from the multidisciplinary team meetings for penile cancer, anal cancer, and vulvar cancer using the standardized observational tools Meeting Observational Tool and Metric of Decision-Making that assess multidisciplinary team meeting functionality and participants’ contributions to the case discussions. Participants overall rated the multidisciplinary team meetings favorably with high scores for development of individual competence and team competence. Lower scores applied to multidisciplinary team meeting technology, principles for communicating treatment recommendations, and guidelines for evaluating the meetings. Observational assessment resulted in high scores for case histories, leadership, and teamwork, whereas patient-centered care and involvement of care professionals received low scores. National virtual multidisciplinary team meetings are feasible and receive positive ratings by the participants. Case discussions cover medical perspectives well, whereas patient-centered aspects achieve less attention. Based on these findings, we discuss factors to consider to further improve treatment recommendations from national multidisciplinary team meetings.
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Lawal-Adebowle, O. A., and A. K. Aromolaran. "Indices of Land Degradation and Control Measures in Selected Urban Communities of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2015100104.
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The study assessed the causal factors of land degradation in urban areas of Abeokuta and the employed control measures by residents of the communities. A qualitative approach, which encompasses observational techniques – participant/field observation, interactive discussion and photographic capturing, was used for collection of data on land degradation in the study area. Analysis of collected data showed land gradients, rainfall and run-offs, erosion, entrenched foot paths, sand scraping/mining, poor/absence of drainage system and land covers as causal factors of land degradation in the study area. The study though observed that control measures such as filling of drenches with sand bags, wood logs, bricks and stones were employed by residents in the study area, construction of good drainage system was presumed to be the most appropriate and sustainable control measure of water erosion in the study area.
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Hensely-Schinkinger, Susanne, Marén Schorch, and Hilda Tellioğlu. "Using Cultural Probes in the Sensitive Research Setting of Informal Caregiving. A Case Study." i-com 17, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0010.
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AbstractThis case study report covers our experiences in using Cultural Probes during the first phase of our European and interdisciplinary research project TOPIC (The Online Platform for Informal Caregivers). In that stage of our research, we focused on two major issues: first, describing and analyzing the characteristics of the care and coordination work of elderly informal caregivers, and second, on first implications for design for the field of informal care. Although our general methodological approach was qualitative (ethnographic) with participant observation and interviewing, we included Cultural Probes as an additional method to ethnography for gaining insight information about the care practices by the means of self-observation of and reflection by the informal caregivers. The paper describes our adaptation of the Cultural Probes approach, the similarities and differences to Gaver et al. [1999. Interactions. 6(1): 21–29], the items of our TOPIC Cultural Probes Kit in detail, and re-constructs the design process of one of the items (the actimoClock). Based on the experiences of our participants with the probes kit and our analyses of that use, we also present lessons learned, pros and cons for including that method in the sensitive setting of informal caregiving.
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Bakhmutova, L. "Factors and models of interpersonal interaction of participants in long-term Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 36, no. 6 (December 30, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.6.6.
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The article presents the methodology, statistical analysis and original results of an empirical psychological study of the significant factors of interpersonal interaction of winterers Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. The study covers three areas of interpersonal interaction which are strongly interconnected: professional, daily, and leisure. Winterers performed their professional duties and solved daily and leisure problems inside small groups with isolation from the external world.
As a result, over four years of observation we have identified the factors and modeled the optimization of interpersonal interaction of peoples in each area. These models can be applied in developing preventive approaches such as psychological training and support the peoples during the log-term expedition. It will allow to optimize the interpersonal interaction of team members in the extreme conditions of Antarctic winter, increase the effectiveness of their professional activities, reduce the influence of extreme factors of environmental and social environment and creating conditions for optimal social adaptation in a small group.
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Pawlak, Robert. "CONSTRUCTION WORK IN THE LIGHT OF GAME THEORY. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY." Polityka Społeczna 563, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0282.
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The paper focus on queue for elevators and delays in construction industry. The author of the research was working at the position of manual worker in a skyscraper under construction in Poland. He conducted his research with the method of cover participant observation. Theoretical background of the study was the game theory
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Green, Thomas A. "“Deep Cover”: Identities and ethics in martial arts fieldwork." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 14, no. 2s (November 18, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v14i2s.6003.
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<div><p>Qualitative research in the social sciences typically requires a personal engagement with resource persons. The widely used participant-observation method requires that the researcher assume as far as possible the role of community member. Even when participant observation is not the chosen method, group members assign identities to investigators. Role assignment in martial contexts may range from the “intruder” who disrupts ongoing events (e.g., outsiders may not see “secret techniques”) to one who is allowed insider access, usually after having gone through some test or rite of passage. Data collected in “natural context” is ideal. The primary problem here is that act of observation inevitably changes phenomena under examination. The most effective means of gathering information in a natural context is by engaging in what is known in the Intelligence community as “deep cover” actually joining a community for the purpose of secretly gathering information. This, of course, brings with it serious ethical dilemmas. While it is clear that we must all address the issue of transparency vs. efficiency, most decisions actually are made on a case by case basis. I suggest that it may be time to develop a general set of guidelines to help us keep faith with informants and accomplish our academic goals of accurately depicting the martial cultures with which we engage.</p></div>
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Muslim, Bukhori. "PENYIMPANGAN TEORI BROWN DAN LEVINSON DALAM TINDAK TUTUR PESERTA TALK SHOW INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUB (ILC) DI TV ONE DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 3, no. 1 (July 4, 2017): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.3.1.100.104-117.
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Abstract
This research purpose to describe forms of deviation Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness in speech act participant Indonesia Lawyers Club on TV One and its relevance to the Indonesian language learning in high school. The theory is used to solve the problem in this research is the pragmatic theory. While the approach used is descriptive qualitative approach with data collection technique is a technique of documentation and observation. The results showed that the forms of deviations Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness that occur in the speech act participant Indonesia Lawyers Club edition of May 27, 2014 and 7 April 2015 consisted of threatening the positive face and negative face threats. Participants utterances that threaten positive face expression covers complaints, charges, disapproval, criticism, expressions that do not koopratif, embarrass opponents said, and words taboo. While the band is used in the expression of negative advance threatening the expression of rejection, suggestions, advice, requests, prohibitions, promises and praise. Types of speech acts band is used that speech acts directive, declarative, expressive, and refresentatif. Meanwhile, the offense Brown and Levinson’s theory in speech acts ILC participants more based on an awareness for justice, self-defense, solidarity groups, power, recognition of self and groups, law enforcement, the fight against corruption and advocacy on behalf of the people. Relevance of the research results can be applied in learning Indonesian in class XI SMA second half, KD 9. 2 with the subject matter by providing comments on the discussion.
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Mdhluli, O., S. L. Kugara, P. E. Matshidze, and T. D. Mdhluli. "“Is there no balm in Gilead?” : Exploring Effects of Traditional Medicine on Reproductive Health of Rural Women in Allandale, Mpumalanga." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n1a2.
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The negative reports associated with traditional medicine come from bogus traditional practitioners who expose women to the harmful consequences of concoctions supplied and administered on them. However, factors such as people’s confidence in traditional medicine and the high costs associated with conventional Western medical treatments lead most rural women to traditional medicine usage. This study is grounded in critical and sociocultural theory. An explorative qualitative research was used. Data were collected through open-ended questions, non-participant covert observations as well as focus group discussions and then analysed using the thematic analysis method. The study participants consisted of seven rural women, five traditional health practitioners, three elderly people and 3 Western-trained doctors who were all sampled using non-probability sampling methods (purposive and snowball sampling) in Allandale village. The findings of the study showed that African traditional medicine plays a pivotal role in reproductive health care by offering readily available, cheap, culturally oriented and accessible health care for most rural women. Thus, the study recommends an introduction of a regulatory framework on the production, storage, use and trade of African traditional medicine.
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Rosenberg, Janine, Meredith Albert, Cassandra Aspinall, Suzel Bautista, Claudia Crilly Bellucci, Todd C. Edwards, Carrie L. Heike, et al. "Parent Observations of the Health Status of Infants With Clefts of the Lip: Results From Qualitative Interviews." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 5 (August 9, 2018): 646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618793062.
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Objective: To explore, using semistructured qualitative interviews, parent observations of their infant’s health as they relate to having a cleft lip or cleft lip and cleft palate (CL±P) and/or associated treatments. Design: Cross-sectional, qualitative study across 3 sites. Setting: Parents were recruited from 3 academic craniofacial centers. Most interviews were conducted over the telephone, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Participants: Forty-one parents (31 English-, 10 Spanish-speaking) were interviewed. Parents had a child ages 1 to 35 months diagnosed with CL±P. Main Outcome Measure(s): Twelve domains reflecting infant health and well-being, likely affected by a CL±P and/or associated treatments, were identified from clinical experience and literature review. Study investigators conducted semistructured interviews based on 12 identified domains. After transcripts of the interviews were reviewed, our multidisciplinary team selected illustrative quotes from each domain that reflected consistent observations made by parents. Results: Parents’ responses covered all 12 domains. Specifically, parents discussed the domain of feeding most frequently, followed by observations about sleep, development, comfort, breathing, and vocalization. Conclusions: We found that parents of infants with clefts provided caregiver-centered language useful in describing their daily observations. No additional domains of infant health were noted by parents. We will use these observations and language to develop and validate a parent-reported observation diary that can augment assessments of the impacts of interventions on infants who are receiving care for CL±P.
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Panades-Estruch, Laura. "Note-taking and Notability: How to Succeed at Legal Doctoral Fieldwork." Croatian International Relations Review 24, no. 83 (October 1, 2018): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0016.
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Abstract Fieldwork is the bridge between academia and practice. Often, this bridge is not crossed due to lack of guidance, time and practical experience. Academics are left on their own to guess what would work best. In facilitating this, this article assesses the methods used in a case study of doctoral fieldwork at the European Parliament within the civil service. Findings include identifying optimum methods to plan, develop and execute doctoral fieldwork. This research is structured in four parts, which covers a literature review on fieldwork in the social sciences, the case study, the methodologies used, and a problem-solving section giving tips to succeed at fieldwork. Findings include a selection of methodologies which include participant observation and note-taking. These methodologies assist in improving skills such as time management, working under high pressure and delivering quality reports with attention to detail, which are fundamental for a successful academic career. The experience covered in this article will assist academics in designing their fieldworks at all levels of their careers. The methods described are transferrable to fieldworks across legal, political and policy-making institutions.
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Syahidah, Ummu, Faujia Umasugi, and Zakiah Buamona. "A Design of English Immersion Camp for Supplementing English Teaching and Learning in Indonesia." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 2, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v2i1.6227.
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The primary purpose of this study is to design a supplementary English learning program for English students in Muhammadiyah University of North Maluku called UMMU English Immersion Camp (UEIC). Three kinds of instruments were used to gather the data, which encompassed open-ended questionnaire, UEIC observations, and interviews. To design the program, data from questionnaire were obtained from the participants which was part of Needs Analysis before conducting the UEIC. Observations and Interviews were done during the UEIC. The Results conveyed that The UEIC participants needed English learning programs that can develop and improve their ability to communicate in English confidently and in the right way. The UEIC design tried to cover the participants’ needs by fomulating an English learning program where the goal was “to develop participants’ communicative competence”. The objectives were (1) to provide English environment where participants can practice their English ability in context, (2) to trigger participants to be more active and be confident in expressing their thought using English, and (3) to create participants’ togetherness and stimulate participants ability to work in group.
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Heidari-Shahreza, Mohammad Ali. "The Effect of Content-Based Language Instruction on EFL Learners' Attention, Engagement, Volunteering and Verbal Interaction." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 31 (June 2014): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.31.14.
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Encouraged by the increasing popularity of content-based courses in academic contexts, the present study explored the possible effects of content-based language instruction (CBLI) on 72 Iranian university students’ motivated behaviors, namely, attention, engagement, eager volunteering and verbal interaction. The participants, who took part in the study, were divided into two groups of language class (LC) and content class. The average age in both groups was 22 with almost the same language proficiency level. To gather information on the participants’ motivated behaviors in language class and content class, a modified version of COLT (Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching) and MOLT (Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching) classroom observation scheme was implemented. Each class was observed five times during the first semester of the educational year 2012-2013. The observations took place with three-weak interval between them which totally covered almost the whole semester. The analysis of scheme-based classroom observation for a whole semester revealed that the students in the content-based class paid attention, engaged in and volunteered for learning tasks and activities more than their counterparts in the language-based class did. They also had more contribution to the total verbal interaction in the classroom. In the light of the findings, this study suggests that by shifting the focus in English language classrooms from form-focused to meaning-focused, language instructors can create more opportunities for the students to participate in learning activities and remain well-motivated throughout the semester.
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Agyekum, Kofi. "The ethnopragmatics of Akan advice." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17002.agy.
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Abstract This paper discusses Akan Advice under ethnopragmatics. It adopts persuasion, speech acts of directives and expressives, and Akan proverbs to discuss advice with the insight from Akan culture. The adviser expresses some feelings and emotions and directs the advisee to act and behave towards the benefits of the individual, the group or society. The paper taps data from participant observations and audio taped recordings at arbitrations, marriage and naming ceremonies. There is another data from Adi’s (1973) Akan literature book, Brako that covers pieces of advice on travelling, settlement and occupation. The Akan texts are translated into English and analysed. The analysis covers semantics, pragmatics, stylistic devices, and proverbs.
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Nursitasari, Hanifah Agda. "The Analysis of Residents’ Behavior, The Condition of Ratproofing Houses and Their Effects on the Incidence of Leptospirosis Cases in Ponorogo Regency." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 11, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v11i3.2019.198-207.
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Leptospirosis is a disease with high fatality, it is transmitted by animals infected with Leptospira bacteria either through direct or indirect contact. Ponorogo is one of endemic areas to Leptospirosis whereas the incidence of this zoonotic disease reported annually. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of respondents and ratproofing house conditions against the incidence of leptospirosis in Ponorogo Regency. This research was an observational study with case control research design (ratio of 1: 3 with a comparison of the number of cases of 9 participants and control of 27 participants). The data were obtained by observation and interviews using observation sheets and questionnaires as instruments to obtain information about respondents' behavior and the condition of rats-free houses. The results of statistical tests using chi square showed that contact with standing water is significantly associated with the Leptospiroris incidence with OR = 10.0 (p value=0.03, 95% CI = 1,1 – 91,4) and condition of sewage system (SPAL) also significantly associated with OR = 0.10 (p value 0.02;) 95% CI: 0,01 – 0,79). Poor personal habits such as contact with standing water after working has positive association with odds ratio 10 times higher of causing leptospirosis and the condition of house sewage system (SPAL) that are covered by sewage nets to prevent the entry of mice into the house has negative association or a protective factor against the occurrence of leptospirosis. Suggestions that can be given are educating the general public within the observation area about the dangers of leptospirosis and its prevention, improving the diagnostic ability of Leptosirosis in the Primary Health Care (Puskesmas), improving daily residents behavior or habits by rinsing hands and feet in running water using soap, and closing wire gutters to prevent access rat into the house.
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Maha, SA Abdel Hadi. "Breast Cancer Awareness among Healthcare Professionals - 2 Decades later: An Observational Review." Journal of Clinical Cases & Reports 1, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/joccr.2018.1-1012.
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Based on a follow up update on a previous study performed 2 decades earlier (Ann SM; 2000; 20(2): 135-136). Portraying alarming results on knowledge and attitudes on breast cancer among healthcare professionals from and university hospital. This review aims to explore the current performance of healthcare professionals towards breast cancer awareness in a potentially developed era. Materials and Methods: This Cross-Sectional pilot tested study was conducted at a university hospital targeting all healthcare professionals between June 2017 - December 2017. Designed structured questionnaires were directly distributed to cover demographic data, high-risk factors, knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer. The target population was 600. Results: The total respondents were 532(88%). Age ranged between 19-59 years with the mean age of 28 years. These where 200(37%) final year medical students, 118(22%) interns, 60(11%) residents 22(4%), specialist 30(5%), 28(5%) consultants, and 74(13%) nurses. High risk group accounted for 120(23%) of all participants. The highest scores were obtained from the younger group of staff, the interns\students (91%, 97%) as compared to the specialist\consultant categories (75%, 82%). Nurses unexpectedly had shown lower scores in knowledge (71%) which may suggest that the practical education in nursing practice supersedes knowledge in special fields. High risk group did not show significant difference in the overall knowledge scores (84%) yet, they scored higher in attitudes towards BCAP (94%). Conclusion: The necessity for (BCAP) cannot be overstated. The impressive and remarkable improvement of breast cancer awareness coupled with the availability and readiness of human resources assist in the planning, implementing and setting guidelines and strategies for breast cancer early detection programs. It can be declared that our community is equipped with knowledgeable medical staff, who can perform adequately run Breast Cancer Awareness Programs.
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Dodson, J. Brant, Marilé Colón Robles, Jessica E. Taylor, Cayley C. DeFontes, and Kristen L. Weaver. "Eclipse across America: Citizen Science Observations of the 21 August 2017 Total Solar Eclipse." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 11 (November 2019): 2363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0297.1.
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AbstractOn 21 August 2017, North America witnessed a total solar eclipse, with the path of totality passing across the United States from coast to coast. The major public interest in the event inspired the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Observer to organize a citizen science observing campaign to record the meteorological effects of the eclipse. Participants at 17 585 observing sites collected 68 620 temperature observations and 15 978 cloud observations. With 7194 sites positioned in the path of totality, participants provide a nearly unbroken record of the cloud and temperature effects of the eclipse across the contiguous United States. The collection of both temperature and cloud observations provides an opportunity to quantify the cloud–temperature relationship. The unique character of citizen science, which provides data from a large number of observations with limited quality control, requires a method that leverages the large number of observations. By grouping observing sites along the path of totality by 1° longitude bins, the errors from individual sites are averaged out and the meteorological effects of the eclipse can be determined robustly. The data reveal a distinct relationship between prevailing cloud cover and the eclipse-induced temperature depression, in which overcast conditions reduces the temperature depression by about one-half of the value from clear conditions. A comparison of the GLOBE results with mesonet data allows a test of the robustness of the citizen science results. The results also show the great benefit that research using citizen science data receives from increased numbers of participants and observations.
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Assuirova, L. V., and L. V. Khaymovich. "Pronunciation Standards in the Context of Modern Requirements for Students’ Competency Level." Russian language at school 81, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-2-33-37.
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The article addresses the problem of frequent violations of pronunciation norms at the present stage of the language system development. Reasons for accentological errors and approaches to correcting them are considered. The methods of participant observation and text analysis were used to identify cases of errors and possible causes of violations of codified rules. Participant observation allowed the authors to identify some repeated mistakes made by schoolchildren in reproducing codified accentological norms. The analysis of modern Russian language textbooks from the standpoint of the requirements for preparing for the final assessment (USE) showed that the textbooks for different educational levels fail to cover cases, where students tend to make accentuation mistakes. In addition, the pronouncing dictionaries of the analysed textbooks often contain language units that have been fully mastered by the language and the society thus not implying any pronunciation variants. The identification of problem areas in teaching accentological norms, as well as the development of methodological techniques for organizing work on their adoption, can contribute to a more effective formation of the pronunciation culture of students.
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Mikheeva, T. N., and G. Sh Shabalin. "Improvement of Election Public Control Laws." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.124.3.022-027.
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Civic control in the Russian Federation is gradually being introduced into many fields of activity of government authorities. At the same time, public control was tested in an area not covered by the legislation on public control-in the federal election campaign. We can talk about the emergence of a new electoral institute of civic observation that has been further implemented in the electoral process of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes the legislative rule allowing participation of public observers in the above-mentioned election campaigns, examines differences in the legal regulation exercised by different constituent entities. The study showed a minor role of the civic control in terms of municipal elections and the authority of the participants of civic control provided for in municipalities. Municipal civic chambers and public councils are deprived of the legal mechanism of direct participation in electoral observation. In this regard, the authors propose to improve the legislation in terms of expanding the powers of the participants of civic control of municipalities in the electoral field. The findings of the study are practical, as their implementation greatly increases civil society’s resource at the local level for providing public observation of elections.
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Joshi, Archana, Pornapit Darasawang, and Saowaluck Tepsuriwong. "Exploring the Role of Computers in Knowledge Construction of Young Learners in a Constructionist Classroom." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1006.07.
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This is an exploratory study which investigates a young learner constructionist classroom’s knowledge constructions by using computers. It is part of an on-going research which had ten participants ranging between 6-7 years of age. However, in this study only three participants out of the ten have been covered. The study was conducted in a project-based classroom where the participants had to build artefacts for knowledge construction. Data was collected through field observations, semi-structured interviews, learner journals and learner logs. The evidence of knowledge construction was found in the artefacts made by the participants. The results show that using computers to mediate the participants’ learning at different stages facilitated meaningful interactions between participants and peers and participants and facilitators, encouraged autonomy and provided itself as a source of information for exploration of ideas, which had a positive impact on participants’ knowledge construction.
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Iqani, Mehita. "Reading the Newsstand." Space and Culture 14, no. 4 (September 19, 2011): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331211412272.
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The article discusses the relationship between the semiotics of magazine cover display and the geography of their retail spaces (newsstands). Based on a participant observation of newsstands, the article provides a reflexive account of the semiotic characteristics of diverse newsstands that arguably create a (limited yet significant) sense of “placelessness.” Newsstands are empirical objects that have been little studied. They are thus theoretically contextualized with reference to scholarship addressing magazines as well as the cultural geography of retail space. In the context of the latter, the spectacle and surveillance are highlighted as key framing concepts. The article then gives an account of the methodological approach adopted to study newsstands—participant observation, in particular a form modeled on the flâneur. The resulting account argues that newsstand semiotics create a sense of “placelessness” through three structural features evident at every newsstand visited: (a) the display of surveillance technologies, (b) the plentifulness of commodity stocks and imagery, and (c) a spectacular sense of luxurious full color textuality. The article concludes by arguing that the study of the semiotics of newsstands contributes to scholarship addressing the cultures of urban spaces of consumption, which in turn holds great potential for extending debates about the discursive and social power of media texts such as magazines.
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Kastner, Ingo, and Inga Wittenberg. "How Measurements “Affect” the Importance of Social Influences on Household’s Photovoltaic Adoption—A German Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 5175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195175.
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Investment determinants on residential photovoltaic (PV) in Germany were measured via questionnaire. The survey covered social influences in terms of injunctive and descriptive norms, and economic, ecological and autarkic motives for the investment. Descriptive norms were more relevant for the investment decisions than injunctive norms, but both were considerably less important than all of the other three investment motives. Additionally, we observed the actual distribution of PV systems in the participants’ living area; we gathered the observation data on PV distribution from governmental databases. We found survey data on descriptive and objective norms and observation data to be unrelated. These findings indicate that multiple approaches are necessary to assess the relevance of social influences reliably.
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Abushihab, Ibrahim. "Foreign Words in Jordanian Arabic among Jordanians Living in Irbid City: The Impact of Foreign Languages on Jordanian Arabic." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0702.06.
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The paper investigates the foreign words used in spoken Jordanian Arabic in Irbid city. It also examines the causes behind using them. The data are collected by means of direct interviews and observations. The sample of the study was chosen from fifty participants living in Irbid city. They were thirty males and twenty females who cover different ages, genders and different educational background. The results show that Jordanians use different borrowed words in their daily conversations. English and Turkish are the main source of borrowing these words.
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Madejski, Eligiusz. "Analysis of physical education lessons in the aspect of its organization, teacher’s work and attitudes as well as attitudes of students on the example of participant observation." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0618.
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Introduction: The lesson as the basic methodical unit is the most important link in the process of physical education. The aim of the research was to learn the organization and course of physical activities in early school teaching, teacher’s work and attitudes, and students’ attitudes towards lessons. Material and methods: The research used focused, public participant observation, which covered 128 lesson units in 19 randomly selected primary schools in Krakow. To describe the obtained qualitative data, the statement of numbers and percentages and the percent chart were used. Results: Most physical education lessons were held in the gym. A large part of physical activities were carried out contrary to the principles of building the lesson. There was also a lack of individualization of requirements for students, the use of praise and grades for correctly performed exercises, and the enforcement of instructions given to students. Almost half the lesson was unattractive. During the classes very good treatment of students by teachers was visible. Conclusions: In addition to well-conducted preparatory activities before PE, a number of organizational and methodological errors were noted. Teachers’ attitudes towards tasks related to conducting physical activities were not satisfactory. The attitude of students to the duties related to participation in physical education lessons was positive.
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Štych, P., A. Mouratidis, F. Sarti, and G. Gutman. "NASA-ESA TRANS-ATLANTIC TRAINING (TAT) 2013-2015." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11890.
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Since 2013, NASA and ESA, in cooperation with Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic), have been joining forces and sharing expertise within the organization of annual Trans-Atlantic-Training (TAT) events in Eastern European countries. TAT concerns capacity building on Earth Observation from Space and focuses mainly on land cover/land use applications. With three TATs already organized between 2013 and 2015, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the context and achievements so far, to increase the visibility of these events to larger audiences in Eastern Europe and to discuss the future prospects. To this end, some background information is initially provided, with subsequent description of each TAT event, concerning its organization, thematic content and participants. The paper concludes with an overall assessment and a vision for the future of TAT, including its enlargement with the engagement of participants from more countries.
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Monzonís Martínez, Núria, and Marta Capllonch Bujosa. "La educación física en la consecución de la competencia social y ciudadana (Physical education in the achievement of social and citizen competence)." Retos, no. 25 (March 7, 2015): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i25.34509.
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Este artículo muestra el resultado de una investigación-acción, nacida de la necesidad de cambio del clima de convivencia de un centro de educación primaria de Barcelona. El propósito de la investigación fue dar respuesta a la hipótesis de acción: ¿Como puede contribuir el trabajo de la competencia social y ciudadana a la prevención y resolución pacífica de los conflictos desde el área de Educación Física? Para conseguirlo, una vez recogidos los datos del estado inicial del alumnado, se puso en práctica una estrategia de actuación para las sesiones de tutoría y de Educación Física, desarrollada por el grupo de trabajo participante en los ciclos de investigación-acción, y con objeto de favorecer la adquisición de la competencia social y ciudadana para fomentar la prevención y resolución pacífica de los conflictos. A lo largo de la aplicación se recogieron datos cualitativos y cuantitativos mediante cuestionario y observaciones participantes y sistemáticas. Los datos obtenidos reflejaron como resultados una mejora de los procesos relacionales. Hacia el final de la intervención las respuestas predominantes ante los conflictos fueron o bien ignorar el hecho, o bien el diálogo. En definitiva, se minimizaron las resoluciones que conllevaban violencia y aumentaron significativamente las mediaciones con ayuda de compañeros y el diálogo autónomo. Palabras clave: Educación Física, competencia social y ciudadana, resolución de conflictos, Investigación-acción, convivencia, tutoría.Abstract: This paper covers the results of an action research project stemming from the necessity of change in the climate of coexistence within a primary school in Barcelona. The investigation purpose was to give an answer to this action hypothesis: ¿How can the work of social and citizen competence contribute to the prevention and peaceful resolution of the conflicts from the physical education area? To achieve this, once the initial state of the students data was collected an action strategy for tutoring sessions and physical education was implemented. The strategy was developed by the teachers who participated in the work group with the aim to promote in the pupils the acquisition of skills of social and citizen competence to encourage prevention and peaceful conflict resolution. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected throughout the implementation using questionnaires, participant observation and systematic observation. Improvements of relational processes were shown in the obtained results. Towards the end of the intervention the predominant responses facing conflicts were either ignoring the fact or starting dialogue. As for the conflict resolution, those which entailed violence were minimized and on the other hand peer mediation and autonomous dialogue were significantly increased.Key words: Physical Education, social and civic competence, conflict resolution, action research, coexistence, tutoring.
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Oswald, Evan M., Richard B. Rood, Kai Zhang, Carina J. Gronlund, Marie S. O’Neill, Jalonne L. White-Newsome, Shannon J. Brines, and Daniel G. Brown. "An Investigation into the Spatial Variability of Near-Surface Air Temperatures in the Detroit, Michigan, Metropolitan Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, no. 7 (July 2012): 1290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0127.1.
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AbstractOn an annual basis, heat is the chief cause of weather-related deaths in the United States. Therefore, understanding the temperature structure where people live is important for reducing the health burden imposed by hot weather. This study focused on the air temperatures in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan region during the summer of 2009. An observational network was established that included 1) monitors sited in the backyards of residential participants, 2) National Weather Service standard observations, and 3) a network of monitors operated by the State of Michigan. Daily high and low temperatures were analyzed for spatial pattern, magnitude of spatial variability, and relationships with weather conditions. The existence of spatial variability was confirmed specifically during weather that was considered to be dangerous to public health. The relationships between temperature observations and distance to water, distance to city center, and local percent of impervious surface were investigated. The spatial variability during the daily low was typically stronger in magnitude and the spatial pattern was more consistent than were those during the daily high. The largest correlation with land-cover and location attributes was between values of percent of impervious surface and daily low temperatures. Daily high temperatures were most correlated with distance to water. Consistent with previous studies on spatial variability in urban environments, the results suggest a need for sensitivity to the spatially variable nature of exposure to heat events in both public health and urban planning. For example, these results showed that the downtown area experienced elevated temperatures during nights and that the eastern portions of Detroit experienced decreased temperatures during afternoons.
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Morganna, Ruly, S. Sumardi, and Sri Samiati Tarjana. "Tertiary English students’ attitude towards intercultural language learning." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 9, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i3.23216.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of English as the world lingua franca and the nature of Indonesian students who are multicultural call for the application of Intercultural language learning (ILL) approach in English education in Indonesia. However, the complexities of ILL seem to demand English teachers’ positive attitude towards ILL even since they became tertiary English students so that ILL could be ideally implemented in the classroom. This study was conducted to delve into tertiary English students’ attitude towards ILL and to confirm their English teaching practices according to the perspective of ILL principles. Tertiary students taking English Education major at a State University in central Java were chosen to be the participants. Interview, questionnaire, and observation were deployed to garner the data. The findings demonstrated that most of the tertiary English students had a positive attitude towards ILL. Their judgments exhibited a positive tendency to accept and support ILL ideologies and principles. Their positive tendency covered three dimensions: affection (76.13%), cognition (75.08%), and behavior (75.16%). Observations showed that their English teaching practices tended to confirm their positive attitude towards ILL. They were able to apply three ILL principles consisting of active construction, making connection, and interaction. Other studies are expected to address ILL implementation in the formal English classrooms at Indonesian schools so that detailed merits and challenges as well as solutions with respect to ILL implementation can be revealed.