Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cowbirds

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cowbirds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Zanette, Liana, Daniel T. Haydon, James N. M. Smith, Mary J. Taitt, and Michael Clinchy. "Reassessing the Cowbird Threat." Auk 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.1.210.

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Abstract The demographic significance of parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; hereafter “cowbirds”) has been debated for years, because manipulative studies are few and mathematical models of cowbird-host systems have not led to tests of their predictions. We combine results from a cowbird- removal experiment (Smith et al. 2002, 2003) with a stochastic simulation model that we developed, to reassess the effect of cowbirds on the annual reproductive success (ARS) and nesting success in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Our model followed the breeding success of individual Song Sparrow nests and extrapolated to output variables including ARS, nest survival, and parasitism rates. We parameterized the model with field data from cowbird control sites (i.e., cowbirds not manipulated) and found that output variables matched those observed. We used the reduced parasitism rates observed on cowbird-removal sites, reran the model, and compared output with observed values. On removal sites, ARS was greater than predicted by the model, which indicates that the model failed to account for some biological phenomenon that occurred when cowbirds were in the system. To assess what this phenomenon might be, we conducted further analyses that indicated that cowbirds may facilitate nest predation by “conventional” predators. Using elasticity analyses, we show that cowbirds have their largest effect on ARS through egg removal and that conventional predators are more important than cowbirds in directly affecting nest survival rates. We report that to assess the effect of cowbirds on nest survival, researchers must avoid using the common technique of comparing survival rates of parasitized and unparasitized nests within populations. Réévaluation de la Menace du Vacher
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Smith, James N. M., Mary J. Taitt, Liana Zanette, and Isla H. Myers-Smith. "How do Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater) CAUSE NEST FAILURES IN SONG SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA MELODIA)? A REMOVAL EXPERIMENT." Auk 120, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 772–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.3.772.

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Abstract A removal experiment was conducted to measure how much and by what mechanisms brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) cause nest failures in a commonly used host, the Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia). When numbers of female cowbirds were reduced experimentally, nest failures fell from 65.0% (n = 663 nests) to 49.9% (n = 331). Cowbird reduction reduced the frequency of nest failure to one-third of control levels in Song Sparrows during the last 80 days of the sparrow's breeding season, the period when most parasitic laying took place. Cowbird reduction decreased nest failures strongly at the egg stage, and weakly at the nestling stage. Daily nest-failure rates were independent of whether or not a nest was parasitized by cowbirds. Two hypotheses were tested to explain how cowbirds cause host nests to fail: first, egg removal by female cowbirds lowers clutch size below a threshold where the host deserts; second, cowbirds cause host nests to fail by destroying entire clutches or broods. In support of the first hypothesis, desertion following parasitism and egg removal was less frequent when cowbird numbers were reduced (8.9% of n = 158 nests) than for unmanipulated controls (16.5% of n = 424 nests). In support of the second hypothesis, there were fewer cases where young were killed in the nest, or found dead near it, after cowbird numbers were reduced (2.5% of 158 nests) than in controls (4.7% of 424 control nests). In contrast, proportions of nests that failed after the disappearance of all eggs, young, or both, and after unparasitized clutches were deserted, increased when cowbird numbers were reduced. Although our study supports both hypotheses, cowbird-induced desertion had a greater effect on nest failure rates than did cowbird predation. Our study suggests that cowbird removal programs are likely to benefit commonly used and endangered hosts by reducing rates of nest failure.
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De Mársico, María C., Mariela G. Gantchoff, and Juan C. Reboreda. "Host–parasite coevolution beyond the nestling stage? Mimicry of host fledglings by the specialist screaming cowbird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1742 (May 30, 2012): 3401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0612.

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Egg mimicry by obligate avian brood parasites and host rejection of non-mimetic eggs are well-known textbook examples of host–parasite coevolution. By contrast, reciprocal adaptations and counteradaptations beyond the egg stage in brood parasites and their hosts have received less attention. The screaming cowbird ( Molothrus rufoaxillaris ) is a specialist obligate brood parasite whose fledglings look identical to those of its primary host, the baywing ( Agelaioides badius ). Such a resemblance has been proposed as an adaptation in response to host discrimination against odd-looking young, but evidence supporting this idea is scarce. Here, we examined this hypothesis by comparing the survival rates of young screaming cowbirds and non-mimetic shiny cowbirds ( Molothrus bonariensis ) cross-fostered to baywing nests and quantifying the similarity in plumage colour and begging calls between host and cowbird fledglings. Shiny cowbirds suffered higher post-fledging mortality rates (83%) than screaming cowbirds (0%) owing to host rejection. Visual modelling revealed that screaming cowbirds, but not shiny cowbirds, were indistinguishable from host young in plumage colour. Similarly, screaming cowbirds matched baywings' begging calls more closely than shiny cowbirds. Our results strongly support the occurrence of host fledgling mimicry in screaming cowbirds and suggest a role of visual and vocal cues in fledgling discrimination by baywings.
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Louder, Matthew I. M., Wendy M. Schelsky, Amber N. Albores, and Jeffrey P. Hoover. "A generalist brood parasite modifies use of a host in response to reproductive success." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1615.

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Avian obligate brood parasites, which rely solely on hosts to raise their young, should choose the highest quality hosts to maximize reproductive output. Brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ) are extreme host generalists, yet female cowbirds could use information based on past reproductive outcomes to make egg-laying decisions thus minimizing fitness costs associated with parasitizing low-quality hosts. We use a long-term (21 years) nest-box study of a single host, the prothonotary warbler ( Protonotaria citrea ), to show that local cowbird reproductive success, but not host reproductive success, was positively correlated with the probability of parasitism the following year. Experimental manipulations of cowbird success corroborated that female cowbirds make future decisions about which hosts to use based on information pertaining to past cowbird success, both within and between years. The within-year pattern, in particular, points to local cowbird females selecting hosts based on past reproductive outcomes. This, coupled with high site fidelity of female cowbirds between years, points to information use, rather than cowbird natal returns alone, increasing parasitism rates on highly productive sites between years.
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Ellison, Kevin, Spencer G. Sealy, and Hope R. McGaha. "Color Variation Among Nestling Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater) Does Not Reflect Differential Success With Hosts in Texas." Auk 124, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.526.

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Abstract As brood parasites, nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) may exhibit characters that improve their fledging success when reared alongside host young. The coloration of mouthparts of nestlings can influence adult care and, thus, the polymorphism of yellow or white rictal flanges among nestling Brown-headed Cowbirds may reflect differential success with different hosts on the basis of flange color. Moreover, because Brown-headed Cowbirds in the southern United States co-occur with Bronzed Cowbirds (M. aeneus), whose young have white flanges, cowbird nestlings' flange colors may reflect a means for reducing interspecific competition through partitioning of host species on the basis of nestling flange color. To determine whether flange color influences cowbird fledging success with hosts of either color, we recorded the flange colors of cowbirds and their hosts at a site in Texas. We also tested whether flange color was influenced by nestling sex. Most hosts of Brown-headed Cowbirds had young with yellow flanges (81%, n = 16 spp.), yet Brown-headed Cowbirds with white flanges were more common (61%, n = 107). Bronzed Cowbirds parasitized primarily species whose young had white flanges (86%, n = 348 eggs). Despite the differential use of hosts with regard to flange color, the frequencies of each were similar among nestling and juvenile Brown-headed Cowbirds. Likewise, the frequencies of each color did not differ significantly between the sexes. Therefore, we suggest that a flange color matching that of nestmates is not strongly selected for by hosts. La Variación del Color entre Polluelos de Molothrus ater no Refleja Éxito Diferencial al Ser Criados por Especies Hospederas en Texas
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Winnicki, S. K., B. M. Strausberger, N. D. Antonson, D. E. Burhans, J. Lock, A. M. Kilpatrick, and M. E. Hauber. "Developmental asynchrony and host species identity predict variability in nestling growth of an obligate brood parasite: a test of the “growth-tuning” hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 99, no. 3 (March 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0147.

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Generalist obligate brood parasites are excellent models for studies of developmental plasticity, as they experience a range of social and environmental variation when raised by one of their many hosts. Parasitic Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) exhibit host-specific growth rates, yet Cowbird growth rates are not predicted by hosts’ incubation or brooding periods. We tested the novel “growth-tuning” hypothesis which predicts that total asynchrony between Cowbirds’ and hosts’ nesting periods results in faster parasitic growth in nests where host young fledge earlier than Cowbirds. We tested this prediction using previously published and newly added nestling mass data across diverse host species. Total nesting period asynchrony (summed across incubation and brooding stages) predicted Cowbird growth; 8-day-old Cowbirds were heavier in host nests with relatively shorter nesting periods. We further explored the drivers of variation in growth using mass measurements of Cowbirds in Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)) and Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus, 1766)) nests. Our top models included host species (Cowbirds grew faster in Sparrow nests), numbers of nestmates (slowest when raised alone), and sex (males grew faster). These results confirm that multiple social and environmental factors predict directional patterns of developmental plasticity in avian generalist brood parasites.
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Teather, Kevin, and Shannon Cronin. "The response of yellow warblers to brown-headed cowbird models in Prince Edward Island." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-261.

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The negative impact of brown-headed cowbird parasitism (Molothrus ater) on the reproductive success of many songbirds has led to the evolution of host defensive behaviours that may reduce the chance of being parasitized. Populations of songbirds that have only recently experienced cowbird parasitism, however, may have had insufficient time to develop such behaviours. We examined the response of nesting yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia), a host species, to cowbird models on Prince Edward Island, where cowbirds have been present for less than 50 years. Yellow warblers gave more alarm calls and remained closer to their nests when presented with a cowbird model than when presented with a model of a white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), a nonthreatening local species. Our results suggest that yellow warblers recognize brown-headed cowbirds as greater threats to their nests and respond in a way that is similar to other populations which have been exposed to cowbirds for a much longer period of time.
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Peer, Brian D., Lyndon R. Hawkins, Edwin P. Steinke, Patricia Blair Bollinger, and Eric K. Bollinger. "Eastern Bluebirds Eject Brown-Headed Cowbird Eggs." Condor 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.741.

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Abstract The relationship between the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) and its cavity-nesting hosts has received little attention because of the assumption that cowbirds rarely parasitize these hosts. We tested the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis), a host that is sometimes heavily parasitized by cowbirds, for egg ejection behavior. Bluebirds ejected 65% of experimentally added cowbird eggs (n = 20), but ejected no experimentally added conspecific eggs (n = 66). This suggests that cowbird parasitism, not conspecific brood parasitism, is the selective pressure responsible for egg ejection in this species. This level of rejection may be conservative because bluebirds nest in dark cavities, which may make cowbird eggs difficult to detect by bluebirds.
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Pribil, Stanislav, and Jaroslav Picman. "Parasitism of House Wren nests by Brown-headed Cowbirds: why is it so rare?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-038.

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We tested five hypotheses that may explain why House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) nests are rarely parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). House Wrens may prevent parasitism in five ways: (1) by choosing to nest in cavities with small entrances (inaccessible-entrance hypothesis), (2) by restricting the size of the entrance with nest material (nest-structure hypothesis), (3) by puncturing and ejecting parasitic eggs (puncture–ejection hypothesis), (4) by burying the parasitized clutch under a new nest (egg-burial hypothesis), or (5) by abandoning the parasitized nest altogether (nest-desertion hypothesis). We tested these hypotheses in field experiments and found that (i) female cowbirds cannot enter circular entrances smaller than 38 mm in diameter, (ii) wrens prefer cavities with small entrances (inaccessible to cowbirds) to those with large entrances (accessible to cowbirds), (iii) when forced to breed in cavities with large entrances, wrens do not reduce the entrance size with nest material, (iv) despite the unusual strength of cowbird eggs, wrens are physically capable of puncture–ejecting them, (v) wrens do not puncture–eject cowbird eggs from their own nests, (vi) wrens do not abandon parasitized nests or bury the parasitized clutches under new nests. These results are consistent with the inaccessible-entrance hypothesis. We propose that additional nesting adaptations, as well as active cowbird avoidance of House Wrens, may contribute to the low frequency of cowbird parasitism.
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Peer, Brian D., Kevin S. Ellison, and Spencer G. Sealy. "Intermediate Frequencies of Egg Ejection by Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) Sympatric with Two Cowbird Species." Auk 119, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.3.855.

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Abstract We experimentally parasitized Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) nests to determine whether that species is more likely to eject immaculate eggs of the Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aeneus) or the spotted eggs of the Brown-headed Cowbird (M. ater); the latter species lays eggs that more closely resemble mockingbird eggs. Mockingbirds ejected 69% of model Bronzed Cowbird eggs, indicating that contrary to previous evidence Northern Mockingbirds eject Bronzed Cowbirds eggs at a high frequency. Mockingbirds also ejected 60% of model and real Brown-headed Cowbird eggs. Bronzed Cowbird eggs were ejected faster than Brown-headed Cowbird eggs (1.3 and 2.1 days, respectively). Ejection by mockingbirds may account for the lack of observed parasitism at our study sites in southern Texas, but it is more likely that cowbirds did not parasitize mockingbirds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Gloag, Rosalyn Suzanne. "Brood parasitism by shiny cowbirds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9a9d900-ed14-4bb0-8979-7fd782584f00.

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Brood parasitic birds lay eggs amongst the clutches of other species, which then assume all costs of parental care on their behalf. This thesis addresses several puzzles of avian brood parasitism, using field studies and theoretical modelling of the generalist parasite, the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) and select hosts in Argentina. Key findings and conclusions were: • High parasitism intensity in a host population can result in a cost to hosts of removing parasite eggs from their clutches, and so help to maintain host’s acceptance of parasite eggs in evolutionary equilibrium. The cost is to host egg survival: hosts that remove parasite eggs from the clutch increase the risk that their eggs are destroyed by subsequent parasites that visit the nest. • The principal benefit of mobbing as a front-line defence of hosts may be to reduce egg loss due to parasite attack, rather than prevent parasitism itself. • Differences in the acoustic structure of begging calls between parasites and their host’s young can be to the parasite’s advantage. Parents provisioned unparasitized broods more during broadcast at the nest of shiny cowbird calls than calls of their own species’ chicks, in both a common host and a non-host. The long tremulous quality of a cowbird’s call functions analogously to a rapid call rate, thereby exploiting a common provisioning rule of avian parents. • A trade-off for maximum growth in parasite nestlings will variously favour or not favour the evolution of nestmate-killing behaviour, depending on a parasite’s abilities, relative to host young, to solicit and attain provisions from host parents. Generalist parasites can encounter both sides of the trade-off in different hosts. Meanwhile, indirect fitness costs are unlikely to constrain the evolution of nestmate-killing in shiny cowbirds, as they rarely, if ever, share the nest with siblings.
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Dearborn, Donald C. "Nestling behavior of a brood parasite : food acquisition and predation risk of brown-headed cowbirds /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9837723.

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Lichtenstein, Gabriela. "Begging behaviour and host exploitation in three species of parasitic cowbirds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627265.

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Schaeff, Catherine Margaret. "Why do brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater, attack eggs in host nests?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5659.

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McMaster, Donald Glen. "An experimental investigation of strategies used by brown-headed cowbirds to optimize parental care." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23638.pdf.

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Kozlovic, Daniel Raymond. "Consequences of brood parasitism by cowbirds on house finches in a new area of sympatry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0013/NQ27981.pdf.

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McLaren, Celia M. "Patterns of host nest use by Brown-headed Cowbirds parasitizing Song Sparrows and Yellow Warblers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ53191.pdf.

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Staab, Cara Anne 1967. "Host and nest selection by brown-headed cowbirds within a riparian area in central Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278488.

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Management strategies are needed to reduce the rate at which brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) parasitize their hosts. I investigated whether vegetation management could be used to reduce parasitism by seeking differences in nest-site microhabitats of hosts in a riparian area of central Arizona. During 1993 and 1994, I quantified vegetation characteristics in 0.04 ha plots centered on 128 nests of 4 commonly parasitized species and 4 infrequently parasitized species. I compared characteristics between (1) parasitized and unparasitized nests of common hosts, and (2) nests of common and infrequent hosts. Factors associated with outcome of parasitism were vegetation volume at nest, size of nest substrate, distance from nest to visual obstruction below nest, and presence of large trees near the nest. Whether nests belonged to common hosts or infrequent hosts was best predicted by nest height. My results indicate riparian areas should be managed for large trees and numerous shrubs when the goal is to reduce parasitism.
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Woolfenden, Bonnie. "Demography and breeding behaviour of brown-headed cowbirds, an examination of host use, individual mating patterns and reproductive success using microsatellite DNA markers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/NQ66300.pdf.

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Burhans, Dirk E. "Anti-brood parasite defenses and nest-site selection by forest-edge songbirds in Central Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9712795.

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Books on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Ortega, Catherine P. Cowbirds and other brood parasites. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998.

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Cuckoos, cowbirds and other cheats. London: T & A D Poyser, 2000.

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Herbert, Friedmann. The parasitic cowbirds and their hosts. Los Angeles, Calif: The Foundation, 1985.

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Trame, Ann-Marie. Management of cowbird traps on the landscape: An individual-based modeling approach for Fort Hood, Texas. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.

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Kozlovic, Daniel Raymond. Consequences of brood parasitism by cowbirds on house finches in a new area of sympatry. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.

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Schweitzer, Sara H. The brown-headed cowbird and its riparian-dependent hosts in New Mexico. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998.

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Schweitzer, Sara H. The brown-headed cowbird and its riparian-dependent hosts in New Mexico. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998.

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Schweitzer, Sara H. The brown-headed cowbird and its riparian-dependent hosts in New Mexico. Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998.

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Baird, Betty Stuart. The legacy of the cowbird. Wadestown, WV: Spider Hill Press, 1995.

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Murray, David Robert. Hatching the cowbird's egg: The creation of the University of Guelph. Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Guigueno, Mélanie F., and David F. Sherry. "Hippocampus and Spatial Memory in Brood Parasitic Cowbirds." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 203–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_11.

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Brodeur, J. C., and M. B. Poliserpi. "Chapter 14. South American Cowbirds as Avian Models for Environmental Toxicity Testing." In Issues in Toxicology, 289–306. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010573-00289.

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Golub, Spencer. "Cowbird." In A Philosophical Autofiction, 59–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05612-4_4.

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Rothstein, Stephen I., David A. Yokel, and Robert C. Fleischer. "Social Dominance, Mating and Spacing Systems, Female Fecundity, and Vocal Dialects in Captive and Free-Ranging Brown-Headed Cowbirds." In Current Ornithology, 127–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6784-4_3.

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Mermoz, Myriam E., Alexander Cruz, Jameson F. Chace, and Juan C. Reboreda. "Shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis Gmelin, 1788)." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 97–104. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0097.

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Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).
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Wilson, Amy-Leigh. "Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater Boddaert, 1783)." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 105–8. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0105.

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Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater).
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Peer, Brian D., and Virginia E. Abernathy. "The Brown-Headed Cowbird: Ecology and Management of an Avian Brood Parasite." In Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America, 77–100. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315156439-5.

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Faccio, Steven D., and Christopher C. Rimmer. "High rates of Brown-headed Cowbird occurrence in Champlain Valley forests: Conservation implications for migratory songbirds." In Water Science and Application, 361–70. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws001p0361.

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Peer, Brian D., James W. Rivers, Loren Merrill, Scott K. Robinson, and Stephen I. Rothstein. "The Brown-Headed Cowbird: A Model Species for Testing Novel Research Questions in Animal Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior." In Avian Brood Parasitism, 161–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73138-4_9.

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"Giant Cowbirds." In Cowbirds and Other Brood Parasites, 99–114. University of Arizona Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv34dm7rk.11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Hilario-Pérez, Alexis. "Nasal mites of the brood parasite brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114797.

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Das, Roshan Bharath, Nicolae Vladimir Bozdog, and Henri Bal. "Cowbird: A Flexible Cloud-Based Framework for Combining Smartphone Sensors and IoT." In 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering (MobileCloud). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mobilecloud.2017.14.

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Reports on the topic "Cowbirds"

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Schweitzer, Sara H., Deborah M. Finch, and Jr Leslie. The brown-headed cowbird and its riparian-dependent hosts in New Mexico. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-1.

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2

Dolbeer, Richard A., and George M. Llnz. Blackbirds. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207732.ws.

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Abstract:
The term blackbird loosely refers to a diverse group of about 10 species of North American birds that belong to the avian family Icteridae. The most common species include: Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus, Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus). They can cause damage to crops and fruits. Some of them may cause damage to livestock feed in feedlots and some of them may be a cause for concern in the future, due to the potential for disease transmission, with their expanding range. There is potential to amplify and spread disease to humans such as avian influenza although there is no evidence that this happened. Blackbirds are native migratory birds, and thus come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), a formal treaty with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. Blackbirds have federal protection in the U.S.
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