Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cowpea

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cowpea'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cowpea"

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S, ANTHONI RAJ, UDAYASURIAN V, SAHUL HAMEED M, and SREERANGASAMY S.R. "NODULATION PATTERN AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PLANT BIOMASS IN CERTAIN PULSES." Madras Agricultural Journal 76, February (1989): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02029.

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Nodule initiation was observed within 5 days after emergence in green gram. black gram. chickpea and pigeon pea. Detachable nodules formed 15 days after sowing in cowbea and chickpea, after 20 days in green gram and after 25 days in pigeonpes, Pigeonpea recorded the least number of nodules and nodule blomass among the legumes tested. A positive linear relationship between the age of plants and nodule number was observed in grean gram, cowpes and pigeonpea and a negative relationship in cowpea A positive correlation between nodule number and plant biomass was observed in cowpea and green gram and a negative correlation in chickpea and pigeonper.
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Ogunkanmi, Adebayo, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe, Luky Omoigui, Adebola Odeseye, and Christian Fatokun. "Morphological and SSR marker characterization of wild and cultivated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 4 (2019): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1904367o.

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Three hundred and ninety accessions comprising 260 cultivated and 130 wild cowpea accessions were evaluated phenotypically using 27 cowpea descriptors. Morphological evaluation of some qualitative traits revealed 11.92% and 29.23% presence of pigmentation on the stem, 1.53% and 20.76% presence of stripes on the pod, and 0% and 20% presence of hairiness on the plant of cultivated and wild cowpeas respectively. As for the molecular analysis, sixteen SSR primers were employed for genotyping 48 accessions from both wild and cultivated cowpeas. The data generated a dendrogram with three clusters, two of which consisted of wild cowpea while the third cluster comprised all the cultivated cowpeas, including the yard-long-bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) and Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica accessions. Two wild accessions of subsp. dekindtiana, and one each of subsp. kgalagadensis and protracta clustered with cultivated cowpea indicating their relationships with cultivated cowpea, but not with other wild cowpeas. The numbers of polymorphic SSR bands in cultivated and wild cowpeas were 38 and 54, respectively, while the PIC values were 4.47 and 6.14, respectively, showing a greater genetic diversity in wild than in cultivated cowpeas. The subsp. dekindtiana had the highest number (80%) of shared SSR bands with cultivated cowpea followed by subsp. protracta with 54% of shared bands. Five species of wild cowpea have hairs and so could be used in breeding for resistance to insects.
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Setiyoko, Agus, and Yuli Perwita Sari. "Antioxidative properties and sensory evaluation of white bread containing pre-treated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) flour." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1338, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1338/1/012035.

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Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) has limited characteristics since it has a high content of antinutritional properties. The pretreatment process by a combination of germination and roasting of cowpeas, called pretreated cowpea was done to prepare the flour made from cowpeas. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the pretreatment of cowpea flour affected the antioxidant content and other characteristics of white bread. This study used 0-10.4% (w/w) of the flour as a wheat flour substitute for making white bread. The dough was baked at 175°C for 40 minutes. The results showed that substituting pre-treated cowpea flour affected the bread colour, volume expansion, total phenolic content as well as antioxidant capacity. Pre-treated cowpea flour enhanced the total phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, moisture content, and darker colour, whereas the expansion rate was reduced. The best formula was found by using 5.2% of pretreated cowpea flour. It has good characteristics at colour properties, volume expansion by 12.14%; moisture content was 27.62%, total phenol was 86.24 mg GAE/100 g, antioxidant activity was 29.67 %RSA, and sensory score was 3.75 (preferred). Therefore, the pre-treated cowpea flour can be utilized as a natural antioxidant source in white bread recipes.
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Rose, Judith L., and Brian A. Kahn. "USE OF COWPEA AS A GREEN MANURE TO REDUCE EXTERNAL NITROGEN INPUTS IN A FALL BROCCOLI CROP." HortScience 29, no. 7 (July 1994): 729d—729. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.7.729d.

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Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was grown as a green manure preceding a fall crop of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica Group)] in 1992 and 1993. Urea was used to supply 0, 84, or 168 kg·ha-1 of supplemental nitrogen (N) to broccoli which followed cowpeas. Control broccoli plots were grown on fallowed ground and were supplied with 168 kg·ha-1 of N from urea. Cowpea incorporation added over 100 kg·ha-1 of N to the soil in both years. In 1992, treatments had no significant effect on yield of marketable broccoli heads, but average head weight was reduced in the absence of external N. In 1993, broccoli yield was reduced following cowpeas except when 168 kg·ha-1 of external N also was supplied. Broccoli which followed cowpeas was delayed in maturity by 5 to 9 days in 1993. We conclude that a preceding cowpea crop alone will not supply enough N to sustain acceptable broccoli production. Further studies will determine how much external N must be supplied when broccoli follows cowpeas, and the best timing for supplying external N. We also will Investigate possible detrimental effects of the preceding cowpea crop on the broccoli.
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Kline, A. S., and E. J. Anderson. "First Report of Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Potyvirus from Cowpeas Grown Commercially in the U.S." Plant Disease 81, no. 8 (August 1997): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.8.959c.

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Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) is one of several seed-borne viruses known to limit cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata) production in Africa, Europe, and Asia, but CABMV has not been reported on commercially grown cowpeas in the United States (1). However, a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)-infecting isolate of CABMV was recently characterized from plants growing near cowpea introduction plots in Georgia (2). In February 1997, we received samples of three seed lots of cowpea cv. Chinese Red that had been harvested in southern Texas during 1996. Approximately 28% of the plants grown from these seed lots expressed strong mosaic symptoms on primary and trifoliate leaves. Viruslike symptoms were reproduced following mechanical transmission to plants of Chinese Red cowpea, Nicotiana benthamiana, and soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Lee. When Coronet and Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR cowpeas were inoculated with sap extracts from symptomatic Chinese Red plants, chlorotic lesions developed on inoculated leaves, but only Coronet plants supported symptomless systemic infections. Similarly inoculated plants of Chenopodium quinoa (L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cvs. Pinto and Black Valentine developed localized chlorotic lesions. In Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays, extracts from symptomatic cowpea plants did not react with antisera to blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BlCMV), cucumber mosaic cucu-movirus (CMV), southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, cowpea mosaic comovirus, cowpea severe mosaic comovirus, or cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus. In the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sap extracts from symptomatic plants reacted with antiserum to CABMV, giving OD values at A405 of 0.10 to 0.25, and reacted weakly with antiserum to BlCMV, with OD values at A405 less than 0.035. Extracts from healthy control plants gave OD values at A405 less than 0.010. No positive reactions were obtained with antisera to bean yellow mosaic potyvirus, peanut mottle potyvirus, soybean mosaic potyvirus, or CMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CABMV in commercially grown cowpea from the U.S. References: (1) A. G. Gillaspie et al. Plant Dis. 79:388, 1995. (2) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 142:1, 1997.
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Wang, Guangyao, Milton E. McGiffen, and Jeff D. Ehlers. "Competition and growth of six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)." Weed Science 54, no. 5 (October 2006): 954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/we-06-045r.1.

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Varietal growth habit could play a key role in the competitiveness of crop plants with weeds. The relative competitiveness of two erect, two semierect, and two prostrate cowpea genotypes with a tall-growing (common sunflower) or a low-growing (common purslane) species was evaluated in 12 replacement-series experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004. Growth analysis of the six cowpea genotypes and two weed species were also conducted to investigate the relationship of competitiveness and growth. Cowpea genotype and competitor biomass were used to calculate relative yield total (RYT) and aggressivity indices (AI). RYT and AI means of six cowpea genotypes were compared using ANOVA, and an isotonic regression was used to confirm the relative competitive superiority of the cowpea growth types. All cowpea genotypes had similar RYTs when grown with sunflower or common purslane, indicating that cowpea used the same resources as sunflower or purslane. When grown with sunflower, erect and semierect genotypes had higher AI than prostrate genotypes. When grown with purslane, erect and prostrate genotypes had higher AI than semierect genotypes. The results were confirmed by isotonic regression tests on the respective AI order. Correlation and regression between AI and growth parameters showed that the relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and height growth rate (HGR) explained 92% of the variation of AI when cowpeas were grown with sunflower and that leaf weight ratio (LWR) and biomass explained 82% of the variation of AI when cowpeas were grown with purslane. These experiments indicate that cowpea genotypes differ in their ability to compete with purslane or sunflower. Erect genotypes were the most competitive, suggesting that an erect growth habit may be more effective in suppressing weeds than a semierect or prostrate growth habit. These results are consistent with field experiments on the competitiveness of erect, semierect, and prostrate cowpea genotypes.
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Sari, Yuli Perwita, and Agus Setiyoko. "Improvement of Nutritional Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Cowpea Flour Through Germination, Roasting and Its Combinations." Agroindustrial Technology Journal 7, no. 3 (December 4, 2023): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/atj.v7i3.10779.

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Cowpeas are a particular kind of legume and contains the second highest protein after soybeans. Cowpea is inadequate because it has antinutritions such as tannins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors. Pretreatment is necessary to lower anti-nutritional elements and increase the nutrition of cowpeas' ability to be digested. This study was done to determine the effect of various pretreatment techniques on enhancing cowpea flour's nutritional qualities and antioxidant potential. A completely randomized design with one factorial and three analytical replications was done. The findings of this study demonstrate that cowpea flour may be made using a variety of pretreatments, including germination, roasting, or its combination. A combination of germination treatment followed by roasting can significantly reduce the phytic acid, tannin, and color content and increase the yield and density of the cowpea flour produced. In addition, the initial treatment with the combination had the highest protein content of 46.88%, the highest total phenol, and the most increased RSA antioxidant activity of 47.00%. The most effective method to produce cowpea flour with the best nutritional properties and antioxidant potential is a combination of germination and roasting processes as a pretreatment.
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Ortiz, Rodomiro. "Cowpeas from Nigeria: A Silent Food Revolution." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 2 (June 1998): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700210.

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Cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) are an important native African legume crop, whose seeds are sold in local urban and rural markets. West Africa is the main centre of diversity for cowpeas. Nigeria is the world's largest producer and second in acreage. The production trend shows a significant improvement of cowpea cultivation in this country from 1961 to 1995. In this period, Nigerian cowpea production increased by 441% according to available statistics of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This paper discusses the evolution of cowpea production from the early 1960s until recent years in Nigeria, along with new technology for cultivation (for example, improved cultivars) of this crop developed by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria.
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Susrama, I. Gede Ketut, and I. Gede Putu Wirawan. "IN VIVO MULTISTEP MUTAGENESIS INDUCTION USING COLCHICINE ON COWPEA MUTANT 1 (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2018.v05.i02.p04.

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In the previous research, we obtained three catagories of M1 mutant cowpea namely 1) purple pod mutant cowpea, 2) green pod mutant cowpea which has three pods in a stalk, and 3) green pod mutant cowpea which has two pods in a stalk. All those three catagories of M1 mutant cowpeas were treated again with colchicine in a multistep mutagenesis proses in vivo. Then, we found changes in number of leaflet in a petiole to 4 leaflets (quadrifoliate) and to five leaflets in a petiole (pentafoliate). These changes are indications that beside as a chromosome multipying alkaloid, colchicine causes other genetic changes as well. Through this mutagenesis research, we created gigas mutant cowpea that having longer leaves, longer pods and heavier seeds. The accurrence of two kinds of insect pests attack were found namely cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora and pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis.
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Kline, A. S., E. J. Anderson, and E. B. Smith. "Occurrence of Cowpea Stunt Disease Causing Viruses on Wild Bean in Arkansas." Plant Disease 81, no. 2 (February 1997): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.2.231d.

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Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (BlCMV) interact synergistically in dually infected plants to cause cowpea stunt disease (1,2). During a July 1996 survey of cowpea stunt-affected fields in the Arkansas River valley, several wild bean (Strophostyles helvola L. Elliott) plants expressing mosaic symptoms were observed and collected. Sap was extracted from symptomatic leaves and used as inoculum to conduct a host range study. Virus symptoms diagnostic for BlCMV, CMV, or cowpea stunt were observed 6 to 8 days post-inoculation on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata cv. Coronet, while chlorotic lesions and mild systemic mosaic symptoms developed on Nicotiana benthamiana. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) conducted on extracts from symptomatic cowpea and N. benthamiana 14 days after inoculation verified the presence of CMV and BlCMV in single and mixed infections. Additional symptomatic wild bean plants were collected from the same site in October 1996. ELISAs and Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays confirmed the presence of CMV and BlCMV, as well as soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV), cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) in symptomatic wild bean plants. While some of the collected plants were infected with only one virus, others had combined infections of CMV and BlCMV or these two viruses with AlMV. Interestingly, AlMV isolated from wild bean caused symptoms on greenhouse-grown cowpeas that were as severe or more severe than those caused by the cowpea stunt synergy, often resulting in plant death within 8 to 10 days after inoculation. The SMV from wild bean did not induce symptoms on cowpea and was not detected in extracts from inoculated cowpea plants by Ouchterlony gel diffusion assays, but was able to systemically infect soybean (Glycine max L.) cvs. Bragg and Lee. Another virus known to infect cowpea, southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, was not detected in any of the samples tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report that wild bean can serve as an alternate host for cowpea stunt-causing viruses in single and mixed infections. In addition, these data suggest that AlMV may pose a threat to Arkansas-grown cowpeas. References: (1) E. J. Anderson et al. Ark. Farm Res. 43:14, 1994. (2) G. Pio-Ribeiro et al. Phytopathology 68:1260, 1978.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cowpea"

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Kayitesi, Eugenie. "Micronisation of cowpeas : the effects on sensory quality, phenolic compounds and bioactive properties." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32972.

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Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) are legumes recognised as a good source of proteins in developing countries. Cowpeas are mostly utilised as cooked whole seeds. This is often achieved only after boiling for up to 2 hours, resulting in high energy consumption and a long time for food preparation. Micronisation of pre-conditioned cowpeas (± 41 % moisture at 153 °C) reduces their cooking time. During micronisation, cowpea seeds are exposed to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength range of 1.8 to 3.4μm. For biological materials, the penetration of infrared rays into the food material causes intermolecular vibration, this result in a rapid increase in temperature and water vapour pressure within the seed. Micronisation changes physico-chemical properties of cowpea seeds that may affect sensory properties of cooked cowpeas. Micronisation may also affect cowpea bioactive components such as phenolic compounds and hence their antioxidant properties and bioactive properties. This study aimed at (1) determining the effects of micronisation of pre-conditioned cowpeas on sensory properties of cooked cowpeas and (2) determining the effects of mironisation of pre-conditioned cowpeas on the phenolic compounds, radical scavenging properties and their protective effects against oxidative damage of biomolecules (i.e. low density lipoproteins (LDL), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and red blood cells (RBC). © University of Pretoria vi Micronisation significantly reduced cowpea cooking time by 28 to 49 %, depending on cowpea type. There were significant (P<0.05) increases in roasted aroma and flavour, mushy texture and splitting in all micronised samples. Bechuana white, a light brown cowpea type, was more mushy and split than others. There were significant decreases in firmness, mealiness and coarseness after micronisation for all cowpea types. Micronised cowpeas were darker (lower L* values) than unmicronised cooked cowpeas. Darkening was more evident in light coloured than dark coloured cowpea types. Although micronisation reduces cowpea cooking time, it also affects sensory properties of cowpeas. This might have an influence on consumer acceptance of micronised cowpeas. Twenty seven phenolic compounds were identified in the cowpea types studied: 6 phenolic acids, 14 flavonols and 7 flavan-3-ols. Protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid were the major phenolic acids in cowpeas. Catechin, catechin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, rutin, quercetin and its mono and diglycosides were present in all cowpea types analysed. Dr Saunders (701.7−849.2 μg/g) (red in colour) and Glenda (571.9−708.1 μg/g) (dark brown in colour) contained the highest total phenolic contents, followed by Bechuana white (361.5−602.3 μg/g) (light brown in colour) and Blackeye (152.0−224.5 μg/g) (cream in colour). More of the flavonols were identified in red and dark brown compared to light brown and cream cowpea types. The red cowpea type contained all the dimers and oligomeric flavan-3-ol species identified in this study. In all cowpea types, extracts from unmicronised (uncooked) cowpeas inhibited copperinduced LDL oxidation in a dose dependent manner. Extracts from all samples analysed exhibited protective effects against AAPH (2, 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride) induced RBC haemolysis and DNA damage. Extracts from more pigmented cowpeas, i.e. Dr Saunders, Glenda and Bechuana white, had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and radical scavenging properties than Blackeye (less pigmented). Extracts from more pigmented cowpeas also offered higher protection against AAPH-induced DNA and copper-induced LDL oxidation damage than extracts from less pigmented cowpeas. These results indicate protection of biomolecules e.g. DNA, LDL and RBC) from oxidative damage and have a potential to reduce oxidative stress implicated in the development of chronic diseases. This is because cowpea phenolic compounds possess the ability to reduce oxidative damage associated with development of these diseases. © University of Pretoria vii Pigmented cowpea types may be recommended for health applications as they show more potential as source of antioxidants compared to the less pigmented cowpeas. Extracts from micronised (uncooked and cooked) samples of Dr Saunders and Glenda cowpeas had significantly higher concentrations of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid compared with unmicronised samples. Para-coumaric acid concentrations were higher in all micronised samples of Blackeye cowpeas than in unmicronised samples. The micronisation process could release cell wall bound ferulic acid and p-coumaric, increasing their concentrations in micronised samples. On the contrary, extracts from all micronised samples of Bechuana white and Glenda cowpeas had lower concentrations of catechin than unmicronised samples. Results indicated that total extractable phenolics were lower in micronised samples of cowpea types than unmicronised samples. Futhermore, extracts from micronised samples of all cowpea types showed less protective effect against LDL oxidation than extracts from unmicronised samples. However, for most cowpea types there was no significant difference in total flavonoid contents (TFC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values of cooked samples of both micronised and unmicronised. Micronisation did not affect the protective effects of cowpeas against AAPH-induced RBC haemolysis and oxidative DNA damage. Micronisation, followed by cooking, may have generated heat-induced antioxidants such as Maillard reaction products contributing to radical scavenging properties in micronised (cooked) cowpea samples. Though micronised samples had lower concentrations of some phenolic compounds and total extractable phenolics than unmicronised samples, micronised cowpea samples still exhibited radical scavenging properties and offered protective effects against oxidative damage of LDL, DNA and RBC and therefore may offer potential health benefits to consumers.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2013
Food Science
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Mfeka, Nonkululeko. "Morphology and mineral content of cowpea lines in response to planting date and zinc application rate." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2672.

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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important grain and fodder legume grown around the world. It is a dual purpose grain legume crop, providing food for man and livestock. Cowpea is identified as a potential crop to diversify food production, minimize production input by improving soil fertility and improve micronutrients of seed, therefore, improving human nutrition. There is limited information available on cowpea production and suitable agronomic practices including planting date to best suit different environmental conditions in South Africa. The objective of this study was therefore to i) evaluate two soil types (sandy and clay soil) and its effect on cowpea, yield components and mineral composition, ii) the effect of different planting date and iii) assess the effect of zinc fertilizer application rate on vegetative, reproductive parameters and mineral content of cowpea seed. A field trial was conducted in Agricultural Research Council (ARC), in two locations Nietvoorbij (clay loam soil) and Bien Donne’ (sandy soil) during the 2015 summer planting season. The trial layout was conducted in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with five replicates. The factors of the study include three cowpea lines: Cowpea Veg1, M217 and Qukawa with zinc application rate of (0, 15 and 30 kg/ha) through soil application and two planting date (2 October and 2 November 2015). The following agronomic variables were collected, in both locations: germination rate, number of leaves, number of branches, plant height, number of seed per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length, pods per treatment, pod weight, 100 seed weight, morphological traits, moisture content and seed mineral content. Vegetative data was collected on a fourth-night basis on six middle plants per treatment and reproductive parameters were taken after harvest. The variables were subjected to ANOVA using software SAS (2012). Treatments were tested at 5% level of significance and differences between treatments were separated using LSD and DMRT of the SAS 2012 test. The results indicated that vegetative and reproductive parameters measured varied significantly among cowpea lines in each location and across locations due to different cowpea lines and soil type. Line Cowpea Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing line in both vegetative and yield parameters across the two planting dates in 2015. These lines significantly obtained higher plant height than line M217. Yield and yield parameters were significantly affected by cowpea line. Qukawa obtained the highest seed yield at Bien Donne’ with a mean of 1184.2 kg/ha and seed yield of 686.25 kg/ha for Cowpea Veg1 at Nietvoorbij. The second planting date (2 November 2015) improved germination of plants across the two locations, therefore improving vegetative growth. Zinc (Zn) fertilizer significantly improved plant height across all treatments. An inconsistent response to yield parameters due to Zn application rate was observed. However, though not significant, Zn application of 15 kg/ha increased most of the measured parameters. It was concluded that line Cowpea Veg1 and Qukawa were the best performing lines. The second planting date (2 November) increase germination rate for both locations. It is therefore, recommended that future research should evaluate Zn fertilizer time of application.
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Nagai, Tomokazu. "Competitiveness of cowpea-based processed products a case study in Ghana /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 4, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-321). Also issued in print.
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Bett, Bosibori Bwari. "Enhancing the resilience of Bt Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp] for insect resistance management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96968/4/Bosibori%20Bett%20Thesis.pdf.

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Cowpea is an important food security crop in many countries but its production is constrained by the legume pod borer which can cause yield losses of up to 50%. In this thesis, a molecular approach was used to generate genetically modified cowpea plants which were resistant to this insect pest. Several candidate genes were initially identified and the insecticidal activity of their expressed proteins against the pod borer was tested in insect bioassays. The most promising gene was then used to generate GM cowpea plants, some of which were shown to be resistant to pod borer in insect feeding trials.
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Chiulele, Rogerio Marcos. "Morphological and physiological responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) cultivars to induced water stress and phosphorus nutrition." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49770.

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Thesis (MScAgric) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cowpeas are produced under low and irregular rainfall in most of arid and semi-arid areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Growth and yield are therefore reduced due to the occurrence of water stress during the growing season. Knowledge of the responses and adaptive mechanisms of cowpeas to water stress may help to improve the management practices for these areas. Therefore, three glasshouse experiments were conducted at Welgevallen Experimental Farm of the University of Stellenbosch to test the responses of two cowpea cultivars to water stress. In the first experiment, physiological responses were used to identify those physiological parameters, which can be used to distinguish between drought tolerant and susceptible cowpea cultivars. In the second experiment, some of the identified physiological parameters together with some morphological growth responses, yield and grain protein content of the same two cowpea cultivars were used to identify which is the more tolerant cultivar. Tn the third experiment, the hypothesis that increased phosphorus supply may improve the tolerance of cowpea plants to water stress and their ability of recover from the stress was tested. The results showed that water stress affected water relations, morphological growth parameters, yield and grain protein content, but increasing P supply reduced the effect of water stress and promoted more rapid recovery after re-watering. Water relations were affected by water stress because it reduced relative water content, which resulted in reduced water potential and increased leaf diffusive resistance and proline accumulation. Morphological growth responses and yields were affected because water stress reduced the leaf area, which resulted in reduced biomass production and seed yield. Lower leaf area under water stress was the result of the reduced number of leaves and leaf expansion rate, but the number of leaves was the most important parameter. Reduced seed yield was due to reduced number of pods. The responses of the two cultivars tested were different. AB Wit, which performed better under well-watered conditions was more affected by water stress due to its larger leaf area that resulted in excessive water loss by transpiration. ACH14 was more drought tolerant than AB Wit due to a combination of a more rapid stomatal closure and proline accumulation, which induced osmotic adjustment, and which in tum helped to maintain higher water potentials. The increased P supply reduced the effect of the water stress. High-P level plants showed higher root growth, which resulted in more water uptake and larger leaf area during the water stress period, and after re-watering these plants recovered more rapidly. The more rapid recovery from stress was the result of enhanced root growth and leaf expansion rate and most probably due to increased water uptake. High-P level plants also showed more rapid leaf appearance and plant growth at earlier stages compared to the low-P level plants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Akkerbone word onder toestande van lae en wisselvallige reenval in baie ariede en semi-ariede gebiede van Afrika verbou. In hierdie gebiede word groei en produksie dikwels beperk deur water tekorte gedurende die groei seisoen. Kennis van reaksies en aanpassingsmeganismes van akkerbone teenoor water tekorte mag dus help om produksietegnieke in bogenoemde gebiede te verbeter. Om hierdie rede is drie glashuiseksperimente onder gekontroleerde toestande op die Welgevallen Proefplaas van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch uitgevoer. In die eerste eksperiment is fisiologiese reaksies van twee cultivars gebruik om eienskappe te identifiseer wat gebruik kan word om tussen droogteweerstandbiedende en droogte gevoelige cultivars te onderskei. In die tweede eksperiment is sommige van die geidentifiseerde eienskappe asook morfologiese groei, opbrengs en kwaliteitsreaksies van dieselfde twee cultivars gebruik om die meer droogte weerstandbiedende cultivar te identifiseer. In die derde eksperiment is die hipotese dat P-bemesting die droogteweerstandbiedendheid teen en herstelvermoe na droogte kan verbeter, getoets. Die resultate toon dat water tekorte beide plantwaterverhoudings, morfologiese eienskappe asook opbrengs en proteieninhoud beinvloed, maar dat hoe P-peile die invloed van water tekorte verminder en herstelverrnoe na die droogte verbeter. Plant-waterverhoudings is bemvloed omdat water tekorte relatiewe waterinhoud van plante verlaag wat aanleiding gee tot verlaagde plantwaterpotensiale, verhoogde huidmondjie weerstand en 'n toename in prolien inhoud. Morfologiese eienskappe en opbrengs is benadeel weens 'n veri aging in blaaroppervlakte wat fotosintetiese vermoe en gevolglik ook biomassaproduksie en saad opbrengs benadeel. Verlaagde blaaroppervlakte tydens water tekorte was hoofsaaklik die gevolg van 'n vermindering in aantal blare, terwyl verlaagde saadopbrengs grootliks die resultaat van 'n vermindering in aantal peule was. Die cultivar AB Wit wat die hoogste opbrengs onder gunstige groeitoestande gelewer het, is die meeste bemvloed deur water tekorte omdat die welige blaargroei van hierdie cultivar, luukse waterverbruik en groter transpirasie verliese veroorsaak het. Die cultivar ACH 14 daarteenoor het waterverliese beperk deurdat die huidmondjies vinniger gesluit het en verhoogde prolien-inhoude, osmotiese aanpassings veroorsaak het. Dit het gehelp om waterpotensiale instand te hou. Hierdie cultivar was gevolglik meer droogte weerstandbiedend as AB Wit. Hoe vlakke van P-bemesting het die effek van water tekorte verminder weens verbeterde wortelgroei. Dit het wateropname gedurende en na die peri ode van water stremming verbeter sodat plante vinniger herstel het na die droe periode. Plante wat by hoe P-peile gegroei is het ook 'n verhoogde blaarverskyningstempo en 'n toename in groei tydens die vroee ontwikkelingstadiums getoon.
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Pakela, Yolisa Patronella. "Interaction between Colletotrichum dematium and cowpea." Thesis, Pretoria: [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09022005-102127/.

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Ward, Andrew. "Partial application of insecticide to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walpers) as a means of controlling cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) and the cowpea foliage beetle (Ootheca mutabilis Sahlberg)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327417.

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Abreu, Emanuel Felipe Medeiros. "Variabilidade genética do cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv) e cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11116.

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Tese (Doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, 2012.
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O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é uma importante leguminosa para o Nordeste brasileiro e tem sido tradicionalmente cultivada por pequenos agricultores. Doenças virais são consideradas um dos principais fatores limitantes da produtividade do caupi nesta região. A doença do mosaico severo do caupi é causada pelo Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), subfamília Comovirinae, gênero Comovirus, juntamente com o Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), família Potyviridae, gênero Potyvirus, são consideradas as viroses mais prevalentes da cultura e responsáveis por grandes perdas na produção. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade genética do CPSMV e CABMV obtidos em diferentes municípios do Nordeste brasileiro. Essa informação é crucial para o desenvolvimento de plantas resistentes a essas viroses tanto por métodos convencionais quanto moleculares de melhoramento. Isso é ainda mais crítico para o desenvolvimento de estratégias baseadas em RNA inteferente (RNAi). Plantas com sintomas de infecção pelo CPSMV e CABMV nos estados do Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, Sergipe e Bahia foram coletadas, e os isolados foram identificados por Dot-blot e RT- PCR. Foram amplificados fragmentos de 2200 pb, (correspondendo a região da Helicase (Hel), Proteína ligada ao genoma viral (VPg), Picornain 3C- protease (Pro) e RNA polimerase) e 997 pb (correspondendo a região da proteína Inclusão Cilíndrica (CI) e da proteína 6K2) dos vírus CPSMV e CABMV por RT-PCR, respectivamente. Alguns fragmentos foram clonados e outros sequenciados diretamente do produto de PCR em ambas as orientações. As sequências obtidas a partir de diferentes isolados foram comparadas com sequências disponíveis no GenBank. Os alinhamentos das sequências foram obtidos usando o programa Clustal W, e uma árvore filogenética foi criado usando o software MEGA 5.1. A análise revelou baixa variabilidade entre isolados de CPSMV, variando entre 98 e 100% para sequências de nucleótidos e 96-100% para a sequência de aminoácidos deduzida. Entre os CABMV isolado, a variabilidade foi maior, variando 84-99% entre as sequências de nucleótidos 91 a 99% das sequências de aminoácidos. Este estudo fornece informações que serão a base para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a produção de linhagens de caupi resistentes a estes vírus por RNA interferente. Os dados indicam a possibilidade de obtenção de resistência durável e aplicável ao caupi nas principais áreas produtoras no Brasil. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important plant crop in Northeast Brazil being traditionally cultivated by small farmers. Virus diseases are considered to be the main factor limiting cowpea yield in the region. The severe mosaic disease caused by the Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), subfamily Comovirinae, genus Comovirus, seems to be one of the most prevalent diseases leading to high yield losses in this crop. The Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV) belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the Potyviridae family, and infects cowpea worldwide. In the northeastern region of Brazil, both viruses can be found in cowpea planted areas. The aim of the present study was to access the degree of homology among regions amplified of different isolates of CPSMV and CABMV, respectively; obtained in different northeastern regions in Brazil, and to compare it to isolates throughout the world. Plants with CPSMV and CABMV symptoms from the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia and Distrito Federal were collected, and the isolates were identified by RT-PCR analysis. Total RNA was extracted from infected tissue and afterwards used for synthesis of cDNA fragments by RT-PCR. The synthetized primers were able to amplify fragments of 2200 and 997 bp of the CPSMV and CABMV virus, respectively. Amplification products were directly cloned into the pGEMT-Easy plasmid vector (Promega), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cloned fragments were sequenced in both orientations. Deduced amino acid sequences of the virus were compared to sequences available from GenBank. Multiple sequence alignments were obtained with Clustal W. Phylogenetic trees using the MEGA version 5.1 software package and the neighbour-joining method with Poisson correction. Tree branches were bootstrapped with 1000 permutations. CPSMV and CABMV diseases remain as limiting factors in this crop in Brazil, and breeding programs, either by conventional or engineered approaches, should be targeted at establishing resistance of cowpeas to CPSMV and CABMV.
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Letsoalo, Isaac Motsoeng. "Evaluation of introduced cowpea breeding lines for Aphid (Aphis Craccivora) and bruchid (Callosobruchus Rhodensiansus) resistance in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1775.

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Mwangwela, Agnes Mbachi. "Physicochemical characteristics of conditioned and micronised cowpeas and functional properties of the resultant flours." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07302008-073321.

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Books on the topic "Cowpea"

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Singh, B. B. Cowpea. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/2014.cowpea.

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Singh Purewal, Sukhvinder, Pinderpal Kaur, and Raj Kumar Salar. Chickpea and Cowpea. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003382027.

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Kristjanson, Patricia. Genetically improved dual-purpose cowpea: Assessment of adoption and impact in the dry savannah region of West Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: International Livestock Research Institute, 2002.

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Coulibaly, Ousmane. Baseline study for impact assessment of high quality insect resistant cowpea in West Africa. Nairobi: African Agricultural Technology Foundation, 2008.

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Chambliss, O. L. Evaluation of cowpea germplasm for resistance to cowpea curculio and other insect pests: May 15, 1992 thru May 14, 1996. Charleston, SC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Atlantic Area, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 1996.

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Southernpea (Cowpea) Workshop (2nd 1989 Nashville, Tenn.). Cowpea research: A U.S. perspective : proceedings of the Second Southernpea (Cowpea) Workshop. College Station, Tex: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, 1990.

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R, Singh S., and Rachie Kenneth O, eds. Cowpea research, production, and utilization. Chichester: Wiley, 1985.

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World Cowpea Research Conference (1984 Ibadan). Cowpea research, production and utilization. Chichester: Wiley (for the) World Cowpea Research Conference, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 1985.

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Skalamera, Dubravka. Cellular mechanisms involved in cowpea rust fungus-triggered callose synthesis in cowpea plants. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Bean/Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Program. Foundation for the future: 10 years of collaborative research on beans and cowpeas. East Lansing, Mich: Bean/Cowpea CRSP, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cowpea"

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Hall, A. E. "Cowpea." In Crop Yield, 355–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58554-8_12.

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Boukar, Ousmane, Christian A. Fatokun, Philip A. Roberts, Michael Abberton, Bao Lam Huynh, Timothy J. Close, Stephen Kyei-Boahen, Thomas J. V. Higgins, and Jeffrey D. Ehlers. "Cowpea." In Grain Legumes, 219–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2797-5_7.

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Hampton, R. O., and G. Thottappilly. "Cowpea." In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries, 355–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0791-7_14.

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Blackhurst, H. T., and J. Creighton Miller. "Cowpea." In Hybridization of Crop Plants, 327–37. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1980.hybridizationofcrops.c21.

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Badiane, François Abaye, Made Diouf, and Diaga Diouf. "Cowpea." In Broadening the Genetic Base of Grain Legumes, 95–114. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2023-7_5.

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Sivakanthan, Subajiny, Terrence Madhujith, Ashoka Gamage, and Na Zhang. "Cowpea." In Pulses, 99–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41376-7_6.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, P. Yashodha, and C. Gopalakrishnan. "Cowpea." In Pests and Diseases in Vegetable Crops, 114–24. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003504153-10.

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Hall, Anthony E., Bir B. Singh, and Jeffrey D. Ehlers. "Cowpea Breeding." In Plant Breeding Reviews, 215–74. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650097.ch7.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 2715–31. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_1001.

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Kaur, Avneet, and Sukhvinder Singh Purewal. "Chickpea and Cowpea." In Chickpea and Cowpea, 1–19. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003382027-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cowpea"

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OGUNDELE, OPEOLUWA, Oluwafemi OGUNDELE, and Oluwatosin Ijabadeniyi. "Effect of optimised infrared heat treatment on composition structure and gelation properties of cowpea protein isolate." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/aewh5407.

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Infrared radiation heating is a heat pre-treatment method that employs infrared electromagnetic radiation to generate heat in pulses such as cowpea for the production of instantized ingredients and products. Optimum processing conditions, moisture content of 45%, the heating temperature of 185 „ƒ, and time of 5 min was reported to precooked cowpea from previous studies. Modified protein isolates are suitable for industrial use due to their improved functionality. In this study, the effect of optimised conditions (45% moisture, the heating temperature of 185 „ƒ, and heating time of 5 min) on the composition structure and gelation properties of protein isolated from cowpea seed was investigated. This was then analysed by amino acid profiling, hydrophobicity, FTIR and Intrinsic fluorescence emission in comparison with the untreated to define its potential application in the food system. Aspartic acid and glutamic acids were the major amino acids in the protein isolates from the optimised infrared heated cowpea compared to the untreated cowpea. Infrared heating induced a slight blue shift from 350 nm in the untreated cowpea to 347nm in the treated cowpea protein isolates indicating a more folded structure in the protein. This coincides with the hydrophobicity data. Particle size data revealed that the optimised infrared heated cowpea protein isolate body has multimodal particles while the untreated isolated cowpea protein has a bimodal particle size. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the infra-heated cowpea is below 0.3 indicating a homogenous particle size within the protein body. the β-sheet structure was dominant in both treated and untreated cowpea protein isolates. The dispersion of treated cowpea protein formed a structured network fluid. Infrared heating may improve the functional application of cowpea protein in industries.
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Echereobia, Christopher Ogbuji. "Potential of microwave irradiation on the postharvest control of cowpea weevil and the proximate composition of cowpea seeds." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108832.

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Draghici, Reta, Iulian Draghici, Aurelia Diaconu, Mihaela Croitoru, and Milica Dima. "SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN COWPEA BREEDING IN ROMANIA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/42.

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Climate change has led to drought, the expansion of desertification, loss of wetlands, loss of biodiversity, declining agricultural output and productivity. In the area of sandy soils in the southwest of Romania, where, compared to the multiannual average, the average air temperature in the May-August period increased by 1.010C and the precipitations recorded insignificant increases (5.97 mm), being very low (227. 82 mm) and unevenly distributed in relation to plant requirements. In these conditions, it is necessary to cultivate some species of plants resistant to drought and to preserve and improve some genetic resources adapted to the arid climate. For the efficient use of the microclimate in the sandy soils areas at the Dabuleni Research & Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, three genotypes of Aura 26, Ofelia, Doljana were developed, which were studied in a comparison comparative culture with Jiana variety. The production potential of the new varieties (2120-2706 kg / ha) was clearly superior to the control variety, the production differences being significant and very significant.
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"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRO-SEPARATING COWPEA DEHULLER." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152184734.

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Draghici, Reta. "SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN COWPEA BREEDING IN ROMANIA." In NORDSCI Conference on Social Sciences. SAIMA CONSULT LTD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2018/b2/v1/34.

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Moreira, Rita, Cátia Nunes, Isabel Pais, José Semedo, Joana Bagoin Guimarães, Fernanda Simões, Maria Manuela Veloso, and Paula Scotti-Campos. "How to Improve Already Improved Cowpea—Terminal Drought." In IECPS 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2021-11967.

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Putri, Pratanti Haksiwi, and Novita Nugrahaeni. "Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Yield Variance and Supported Character." In 3rd KOBI Congress, International and National Conferences (KOBICINC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210621.012.

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Bridgeland, Aya. "Geme Editing Optimization in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) using CRISPR/Cas9." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1007286.

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Li, Jingcong, and Zeng Xian. "Cowpea disease leaf Contour Extraction Based on Improved Kmeans Algorithm ∗." In EITCE 2022: 2022 6th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573428.3573492.

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Yan, Yan. "Reproductive behavior and egg development of cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus) under hypoxia." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105581.

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Reports on the topic "Cowpea"

1

Takeshima, Hiroyuki, Tahirou Abdoulaye, Kwaw S. Andam, Hyacinth Edeh, Adetunji Fasoranti, and Beliyou Haile. Seed certification and maize, rice, and cowpea productivity in Nigeria. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137014.

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Phillip, Dayo, Alejandro Nin-Pratt, Patricia Zambrano, Ulrike Wood-Sichra, Edward Kato, John Komen, Hillary Hanson, José Benjamin Falck-Zepeda, and Judy A. Chambers. Insect-resistant cowpea in Nigeria: An ex ante economic assessment of a crop improvement initiative. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133541.

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Alale, Theophilus, Nelson Opoku, and Charles Adarkwah. The Efficacy of Aqueous False Yam (Icacina oliviformis) Tuber Extract Against Cowpea Aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Journal of Young Investigators, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.32.3.7-22-24.

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Takeshima, Hiroyuki, Tahirou Abdoulaye, Kwaw S. Andam, Hyacinth O. Edeh, Adetunji Fasoranti, Beliyou Haile, P. Lava Kumar, et al. Seed certification and maize, rice and cowpea productivity in Nigeria: An insight based on nationally representative farm household data and seed company location data. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136474.

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Beumer, Koen, Conny J. M. Almekinders, and M. Misiko. Farmers’ demand for seed: maize, potato and cowpea in Kenya : multi stakeholder workshop held at 18, 19 and 20 July 2018, Qaribu Inn, Nairobi : workshop report. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/469308.

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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Senegal Farmer Networks Respond to COVID-19. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.

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This study leveraged existing data infrastructure and relationships from the Feed the Future Senegal Naatal Mbay (“flourishing agriculture”) project, funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by RTI International from 2015 to 2019. The research informed and empowered farmer organizations to track and respond to rural households in 2020 as they faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Farmer organizations, with support from RTI and local ICT firm STATINFO, administered a survey to a sample of 800 agricultural households that are members of four former Naatal Mbay–supported farmer organizations in two rounds in August and October 2020. Focus group discussions were conducted with network leadership pre- and post–data collection to contextualize the experience of the COVID-19 shock and to validate findings. The results showed that farmers were already reacting to the effects of low rainfall during the 2019 growing season and that COVID-19 compounded the shock through disrupted communications and interregional travel bans, creating food shortages and pressure to divert seed stocks for food. Food insecurity effects, measured through the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and cereals stocks, were found to be greater for households in the Casamance region than in the Kaolack and Kaffrine regions. The findings also indicate that farmer networks deployed a coordinated response comprising food aid and access to personal protective equipment, distribution of short-cycle legumes and grains (e.g., cowpea, maize) and vegetable seeds, protection measures for cereals seeds, and financial innovations with banks. However, food stocks were expected to recover as harvesting began in October 2020, and the networks were planning to accelerate seed multiplication, diversify crops beyond cereals, improve communication across the network. and mainstream access to financial instruments in the 2021 growing season. The research indicated that the previous USAID-funded project had likely contributed to the networks’ COVID-19 resilience capacities by building social capital and fostering the new use of tools and technologies over the years it operated.
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7

Thornberry-Ehrlich, Trista. Cowpens National Battlefield: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2283636.

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8

Eng, Charis E. Genetics of PTEN in Cowden Syndrome and Sporadic Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada393460.

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9

Eng, Charis. Genetics of PTEN in Cowden Syndrome and Sporadic Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383844.

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10

Fair, Ray. The Cowles Commission Approach, Real Business Cycle Theories, and New Keynesian Economics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3990.

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