Relevant bibliographies by topics / CPC Collector

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CPC Collector'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CPC Collector"

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Tripanagnostopoulos, Y., M. Souliotis, and Th Nousia. "CPC type integrated collector storage systems." Solar Energy 72, no. 4 (April 2002): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(02)00005-1.

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Lee, Hoe-Gil, and Singiresu S. Rao. "Uncertain Analysis of a Stationary Solar Compound Parabolic Concentrator PV Collector System Using Fuzzy Set Theory." Journal of Renewable Energy 2018 (September 26, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2915731.

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The uncertain analysis of fixed solar compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collector system is investigated for use in combination with solar PV cells. Within solar CPC PV collector systems, any radiation within the collector acceptance angle enters through the aperture and finds its way to the absorber surface by multiple internal reflections. It is essential that the design of any solar collector aims to maximize PV performance since this will elicit a higher collection of solar radiation. In order to analyze uncertainty of the solar CPC collector system in the optimization problem formulation, three objectives are outlined. Seasonal demands are considered for maximizing two of these objectives, the annual average incident solar energy and the lowest month incident solar energy during winter; the lowest cost of the CPC collector system is approached as a third objective. This study investigates uncertain analysis of a solar CPC PV collector system using fuzzy set theory. The fuzzy analysis methodology is suitable for ambiguous problems to predict variations. Uncertain parameters are treated as random variables or uncertain inputs to predict performance. The fuzzy membership functions are used for modeling uncertain or imprecise design parameters of a solar PV collector system. Triangular membership functions are used to represent the uncertain parameters as fuzzy quantities. A fuzzy set analysis methodology is used for analyzing the three objective constrained optimization problems.
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Tamainot-Telto, Z., and R. E. Critoph. "Solar sorption refrigerator using a CPC collector." Renewable Energy 16, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00266-3.

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Zauner, Christoph, Florian Hengstberger, Wolfgang Hohenauer, Christoph Reichl, Andreas Simetzberger, and Gerald Gleiss. "Methods for Medium Temperature Collector Development Applied to a CPC Collector." Energy Procedia 30 (2012): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.023.

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Casano, Giovanni, Marco Fossa, and Stefano Piva. "Design and experimental characterization of a CPC solar collector." International Journal of Heat and Technology 35, Special Issue1 (September 20, 2017): S179—S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.35sp0125.

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Tripanagnostopoulos, Y., and M. Souliotis. "Integrated collector storage solar systems with asymmetric CPC reflectors." Renewable Energy 29, no. 2 (February 2004): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(03)00195-2.

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Kim, Yong, GuiYoung Han, and Taebeom Seo. "An evaluation on thermal performance of CPC solar collector." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 35, no. 4 (April 2008): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2007.09.007.

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González, Manuel I., and Luis R. Rodríguez. "Solar powered adsorption refrigerator with CPC collection system: Collector design and experimental test." Energy Conversion and Management 48, no. 9 (September 2007): 2587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.03.016.

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Akhter, Gilani, Al-Kayiem, and Ali. "Optical Performance Analysis of Single Flow Through and Concentric Tube Receiver Coupled with a Modified CPC Collector Under Different Configurations." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214147.

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Compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) collectors have great potential to provide sustainable solar thermal energy for many applications operating in the medium temperature range. This paper presents the design, development and performance evaluation of a modified CPC collector integrated with an evacuated tube receiver. The optical performance of the designed CPC paired with concentric tube receiver is compared with that of a CPC coupled with single flow through evacuated tube receiver for stationary installation in the East-West and North-South directions. Ray tracing simulations of different configurations demonstrate that CPC coupled with single flow through receivers suffer high gap losses, especially at smaller incidence angles which are considerably alleviated by a concentric tube receiver arrangement. East-West installation of CPC paired with concentric tube receiver exhibited superior optical performance than all other configurations. The yearly average optical efficiency of CPC with concentric tube receiver was 5% higher than that of a single flow through receiver within the acceptance angle. A 60% truncated CPC coupled with concentric tube receiver emerged as the most effective design, which was fabricated for experimental testing. The tests conducted under actual outdoor tropical environmental conditions demonstrated that the experimental optical efficiency reached to about 69% in the case of N-S installation and 66.5% in an E-W arrangement. The experimental results closely match the simulation outcomes, which indicate the proposed performance prediction technique as instrumental for selecting the most effective configuration of CPC collectors for medium temperature heat supply.
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Jiang, Yu, Yang, Li, Wang, Lund, and Zhang. "A Review of the Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) with a Tubular Absorber." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030695.

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The compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a highly interesting solar collector technology for different low-concentration applications due to no tracking requirement. The CPC with a tubular absorber is the most common type of CPC. Here, a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of this CPC type is presented, including design features, structure, applications, etc. Key design guidelines, structural improvements, and recent developments are also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CPC Collector"

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Šumić, Mersiha. "Thermal Performance of a Solarus CPC-Thermal Collector." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energi och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-14526.

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The  aim  of  this  master  thesis  is  an  investigation  of  the  thermal  performance  of  a  thermal compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) collector from Solarus. The collector consists of two troughs with absorbers which are coated with different types of paint with  unknown  properties.  The  lower  and  upper  trough  of  the  collector  have  been  tested individually. In  order  to  accomplish  the  performance  of  the  two  collectors,  a  thorough  literature  study  in  the  fields  of  CPC  technology,  various  test  methods,  test  standards  for  solar thermal  collectors  as  well  as  the  latest  articles  relating  on  the  subject  were  carried  out. In addition, the set‐up of the thermal test rig was part of the thesis as well. The thermal  performance  was  tested  according  to  the  steady  state  test  method  as  described in the European standard 12975‐2. Furthermore, the thermal performance of  a  conventional  flat  plate  collector  was  carried  out  for  verification  of  the  test  method. The  CPC‐Thermal  collector  from  Solarus  was  tested  in  2013  and  the  results  showed  four  times  higher  values  of  the  heat  loss  coefficient  UL (8.4  W/m²K)  than  what  has been reported for a commercial collector from Solarus. This value was assumed to be too large and it was assumed that the large value was a result of the test method used that time. Therefore, another aim was the comparison of the results achieved in this work with the results from the tests performed in 2013. The results of the thermal performance showed that the optical efficiency of the lower trough of the CPC‐T collector is 77±5% and the corresponding heat loss coefficient UL 4.84±0.20  W/m²K.  The  upper  trough  achieved  an  optical  efficiency  of  75±6  %  and  a  heat loss coefficient UL of 6.45±0.27 W/m²K. The results of the heat loss coefficients  are  valid  for  temperature  intervals  between  20°C  and  80°C.  The  different  absorber paintings have a significant impact on the results, the lower trough performs overall better.  The  results  achieved  in  this  thesis  show  lower  heat  loss  coefficients UL and higher optical efficiencies compared to the results from 2013.
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Moreno, Puerto Jose. "Performance Evaluation of the Solarus AB Asymmetric Concentrating Hybrid PV/T Collector." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17096.

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The energy sector is currently in a state of change as conventional energy sources are questioned by the need of new clean and sustainable energy sources to satisfy the global energy demand in the long term. Renewable energies respond to this increasing demand and solar energy is an advanced example of them. Photovoltaic modules are experiencing a steady reduction in their production costs. It is needed that this trend continues and, along with it, their propagation and expansion in the market continues. One way of reducing production costs is by using inexpensive light concentrators to increase the output of the costly photovoltaic cell. In this respect, the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector has been designed based on this principle. This collector is a CPC (Compound Parabolic Collector) and belongs to the MaReCo (Maximum Reflector Collector) family. The aim of this thesis is to deeply investigate this technology in two main areas. Firstly, the collector will be tested both electrically and thermally in order to evaluate its performance. To do so, a solar test rig has been built and connected at the building Hall 45 of Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, Sweden. The second main area of investigation of this thesis is to determine the optimal price for the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector in order to be competitive in the solar energy market. This study will be based in the current market prices of photovoltaic and thermal collectors. Regarding the electrical performance of the collector, the results obtained show that the front side of the receiver produces more electricity throughout the day than the reflector side. This has guided Solarus AB to decide to change the design of its receiver to improve its performance. With the current design, it has been obtained a peak power at STC of 220W. In relation with the thermal part, the heat losses of the collector have been estimated obtaining a U value of 6,8W/(m2*K), a thermal optical beam efficiency of 63,5% and a total optical beam efficiency of 74,5%. The price market study of photovoltaic and thermal collector has shown that 2m2 of the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector produces approximately the same annual electricity and heat as 1,1m2 of a photovoltaic module with an efficiency of 15,5% and a flat plate collector of 0,85m2 of aperture area. According to the market study, its cost is equivalent to 190€ for the PV module and 220€ for the flat plate collector. This means that the price of the Solarus AB hybrid PV/T collector should be lower than 410€.
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Osório, Tiago Vaz Pato. "Linear solar concentrators: new testing tools and facilities, application to novel CPC-type collectors for industrial process heat." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25797.

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Solar energy can be converted into heat in small-scale or large-scale systems that work at low, medium or high temperatures. Presently, a major growth is being observed in large-scale systems for district heating and industrial process heat. Linear concentrators have a well-recognized role in this context and new configurations and solutions are in demand. These must be within the scope of product certification schemes, which rely on international testing standards. This thesis discusses the limitations of the current standards for linear concentrators and presents the design and construction of the Solar Concentrators Testing Platform at the University of Évora. The use of ray-tracing simulation tools to complement and extend the experimental results is also explored. This thesis goes on to present the development of new collector solutions for medium temperature applications (100–250 °C). The principles of non-imaging optics were used in the design of low-concentration (1 to 5) linear CPC-type solar reflectors with evacuated receivers that can generate high-performance, flexibly mounted and affordable solutions. Two collector concepts were investigated. The first is a stationary CPC-type collector with acceptance of 90°. The manufacturing process was considered by analysing different virtual absorber geometries. A prototype was built and tested. The second concept is a quasi-stationary CPC-type collector that only requires a few changes in its position along the year and does not need a sun-tracking system. As the search for the optimal collector design for a specific installation is complex, a thermo-economic optimization method was developed. Two prototypes were built and tested in a collaboration with the company MCG mind for metal. This collector, which is now at its final development stage, will be installed at an industrial facility - KEMET Electronics - in Évora, Portugal; Sumário: Concentradores solares lineares: novas ferramentas e infraestruturas de ensaio, aplicação a novos colectores do tipo CPC para calor de processo industrial A energia solar pode ser convertida em calor em sistemas de pequena ou grande escala, que funcionam a baixas, médias ou altas temperaturas. Actualmente, regista-se um grande crescimento na instalação de sistemas de grande escala para redes de calor e calor de processo industrial. Os concentradores lineares têm um papel reconhecido neste contexto e novas configurações e soluções estão em desenvolvimento. Estas devem integrar-se do âmbito dos esquemas de certificação, que se baseiam em normas de ensaio internacionais. Esta tese discute as limitações das normas actuais no ensaio de concentradores lineares e apresenta o projecto e a construção da Plataforma de Ensaio de Concentradores Solares na Universidade de Évora. O uso de ferramentas de simulação, através de técnicas de traçado de raios, é explorado com o fim de complementar e ampliar os resultados experimentais. A tese prossegue apresentando o desenvolvimento de novas soluções de colectores para aplicações a média temperatura (100–250 °C). Os princípios da óptica não reprodutora de imagem foram usados no desenho de refletores solares lineares do tipo CPC, de baixa concentração (1 a 5), com receptores evacuados que podem originar soluções com bom desempenho, montagem flexível e custos acessíveis. Dois conceitos de coletores foram investigados. O primeiro é um coletor estacionário do tipo CPC com aceitação de 90 graus. O processo de fabricação foi considerado através da análise de diferentes geometrias dos absorsores virtuais. Um protótipo foi construído e ensaiado. O segundo conceito é um coletor quasi-estacionário do tipo CPC, que requer apenas algumas mudanças na sua posição ao longo do ano, dispensando sistemas de seguimento solar. Devido à complexidade na definição do design ideal do coletor para uma instalação específica, foi desenvolvido um método de otimização termoeconómica. Foram construidos e ensaiados dois protótipos em colaboração com a empresa MCG mind for metal. Este colector, que se encontra actualmente no seu estágio final de desenvolvimento, será instalado num edifício industrial - a KEMET Electronics - em Évora, Portugal.
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Hess, Stefan. "Low-concentrating, stationary solar thermal collectors for process heat generation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10874.

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The annual gain of stationary solar thermal collectors can be increased by non-focusing reflectors. Such concentrators make use of diffuse irradiance. A collector’s incidence angle modifier for diffuse (diffuse-IAM) accounts for this utilization. The diffuse irra-diance varies over the collector hemisphere, which dynamically influences the diffuse-IAM. This is not considered by state-of-the-art collector models. They simply calculate with one constant IAM value for isotropic diffuse irradiance from sky and ground. This work is based on the development of a stationary, double-covered process heat flat-plate collector with a one-sided, segmented booster reflector (RefleC). This reflector approximates one branch of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). Optical meas-urement results of the collector components as well as raytracing results of different variants are given. The thermal and optical characterization of test samples up to 190 °C in an outdoor laboratory as well as the validation of the raytracing are discussed. A collector simulation model with varying diffuse-IAM is described. Therein, ground reflected and sky diffuse irradiance are treated separately. Sky diffuse is weighted with an anisotropic IAM, which is re-calculated in every time step. This is realized by gener-ating an anisotropic sky radiance distribution with the model of Brunger and Hooper, and by weighting the irradiance from distinct sky elements with their raytraced beam-IAM values. According to the simulations, the RefleC booster increases the annual out-put of the double-covered flat-plate in Würzburg, Germany, by 87 % at a constant inlet temperature of 120 °C and by 20 % at 40 °C. Variations of the sky diffuse-IAM of up to 25 % during one day are found. A constant, isotropic diffuse-IAM would have under-valued the gains from the booster by 40 % at 40 °C and by 20 % at 120 °C. The results indicate that the gain of all non-focusing solar collectors is undervalued when constant, isotropic diffuse-IAMs calculated from raytracing or steady-state test data are used. Process heat generation with RefleC is demonstrated in a monitored pilot plant at work-ing temperatures of up to 130 °C. The measured annual system utilization ratio is 35 %. Comparing the gains at all inlet temperatures above 80 °C, the booster increases the an-nual output of the double-covered flat-plates by 78 %. Taking all inlet temperatures, the total annual gains of RefleC are 39 % above that of the flat-plates without reflectors. A qualitative comparison of the new simulation model results to the laboratory results and monitoring data shows good agreement. It is shown that the accuracy of existing collector models can be increased with low effort by calculating separate isotropic IAMs for diffuse sky and ground reflected irradiance. The highest relevance of this work is seen for stationary collectors with very distinctive radiation acceptance.
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D\'Avila, Alexandre Coelho da Silva. "Degradação do pesticida amicarbazona em meio aquoso pelo processo TiO2/UV irradiado por luz solar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-03072013-105850/.

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Os processos oxidativos avançados (POAs) têm sido apontados como alternativa eficiente para a degradação de poluentes recalcitrantes. Entre os POAs, a fotocatálise utilizando luz solar vem sendo muito estudada tendo em vista sua aplicação no tratamento de efluentes aquosos contendo pesticidas. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a degradação do herbicida amicarbazona (AMZ) por meio do processo TiO2/UV em um reator com coletores parabólicos compostos irradiados por luz solar. Os experimentos foram realizados segundo uma matriz Doehlert para o estudo da influência da concentração inicial de AMZ (20-100 mg L-1), da concentração de catalisador (0,1-1 g L-1) e do número de tubos expostos à luz solar (1-9). Amostras retiradas ao longo do tempo foram analisadas quanto às concentrações de AMZ e de carbono orgânico total (TOC). As medidas radiométricas realizadas indicaram que a radiação UVB-UVA correspondeu em média a ca. 4% da radiação solar total incidente entre 310-2800 nm; a actinometria de ferrioxalato indicou fluxo fotônico médio de 3,58×10-5 mol fótons m-2 s-1 para dias ensolarados típicos. O processo TiO2/UV mostrou-se eficiente para degradação do pesticida, que foi totalmente removido antes de 45 minutos de tratamento, para as seguintes condições: [AMZ]0=21,3 mg L-1; [TiO2]=0,5 g L-1; e 7 tubos. Contudo, nesse caso houve apenas ca. 24% de mineralização e na grande maioria dos casos os valores de TOC permaneceram praticamente constantes, o que indica a formação de sub-produtos recalcitrantes, cuja toxicidade e biodegradabilidade devem ser caracterizadas. A análise estatística dos resultados confirma os efeitos importantes da concentração inicial do pesticida e do número de tubos expostos (volume irradiado), cujo aumento permite compensar a menor incidência de radiação solar. Em alguns experimentos os resultados sugeriram que a degradação da AMZ foi favorecida pela maior concentração de TiO2. Na grande maioria dos casos os valores de ACM foram inferiores a 50 m2 kg-1, o que torna este parâmetro interessante para aumento de escala de processos fotocatalíticos irradiados por luz solar empregados no tratamento de efluentes aquosos contendo amicarbazona.
Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) have been considered as an efficient alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Photocatalysis using solar radiation has been studied for the treatment of wastewaters containing pesticides. In this work, the degradation of the herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ) by the TiO2/UV process was studied in a reactor equipped with compound parabolic collectors irradiated by solar light. The experiments were carried out according to a Doehlert matrix to study the effects AMZ initial concentration (20-100 mg L-1), catalyst concentration (0.1-1 g L-1), and number of tubes exposed to solar light (1-9). Samples were analyzed for AMZ and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Radiometric measurements indicated that UVB-UVA radiation corresponded in average to about 4% of the solar radiation between 310-2800 nm; ferrioxalate actinometry resulted in an average photonic flux of 3.58×10-5 mol fótons m-2 s-1 for typical sunny days. The TiO2/UV process showed to be efficient for the degradation of the pesticide, which was completely removed before 45 minutes of treatment, for the following conditions: [AMZ]0=21.3 mg L-1; [TiO2]=0.5 g L-1; and 7 tubes. However, in this case only ca. 24% of mineralization was achieved, and in most cases TOC values remained practically constant, indicating the formation of recalcitrant by-products whose toxicity and biodegradility should be characterized. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed important effects of pesticide initial concentration and number of tubes exposed (irradiated volume), whose increase enables to compensate the lower incidence of solar radiation. Some experimental results suggested that AMZ degradation was favored by higher TiO2 concentrations. In most cases the values of ACM were lower than 50 m2 kg-1, in such a way that this parameter is interesting for scale-up of solar irradiated photocalytic processes used in the treatment of amicarbazone-containing wastewaters.
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Babawale, Z. A. "Theoretical study of an absorption refrigeration system powered by CPC solar collectors for applications at near equatorial latitudes." Thesis, City University London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383805.

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Adsten, Monika. "Solar thermal collectors at high latitudes design and performance of non-tracking concentrators /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/fulltext/91-554-5274-4.pdf.

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Hernandez, Manuel. "Process Optimization Towards the Development of an Automated CNC Monitoring System for a Simultaneous Turning and Boring Operation." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5298.

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Manufacturing operations generate revenue by adding value to material through machine work and the cost associated with part production hinders the maximum profit available. In order to remain competitive, companies invest in research to maximize profit and reduce waste of manufacturing operations. This results in cheaper products for the customer without sacrificing quality. The purpose of this research was to identify machine settings of an Okuma LC 40 Turning Center and optimize the cost of machining in terms of tool cost and energy consumption while maintaining part quality at a productive cycle time. Studying the relationship between energy consumption, tool life, and cycle time with the speed and feed settings through statistical Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method will allow the production plant to make profitable financial decisions concerning simultaneous turning operation of forged chrome-alloy steel. The project was divided into three phases; the first phase began with a literature survey of sensors used in current manufacturing research and the adaptation of our sensors to the Okuma LC 40 turning center. Then, phase II used design of experiments to identify spindle speed and feedrate settings that optimize multiple responses related to the turning process. The result was a saving in energy consumption (kWh) by 11.8%, a saving in cutting time by 13.2% for a total cost reduction from $1.15 per tool pass to $1.075 per tool pass. Furthermore, this work provides the foundation for phase III to develop an intelligent monitoring system to provide real-time information about the state of the machine and tool. For a monitoring system to be implemented in production, it should utilize cost effective sensors and be nonintrusive to the cutting operation.
ID: 031001516; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 16, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).
M.S.M.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Systems
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Petruccelli, Meredith Lohr. "A Comparison of Teachers' and School Psychologists' Perceptions of the Cognitive Abilities Underlying Basic Academic Tasks." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/3270.

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School Psychology
Ph.D.;
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory of cognitive functioning is a well-validated framework for intelligence. Cross-battery assessment is a means utilizing CHC theory in practice. School psychologists write recommendations with the assumption that teachers understand the cognitive abilities underlying basic academic tasks in the same way. Theoretically, the more similar the understanding of these two groups, the greater the likelihood of appropriate referrals and intervention fidelity. Teacher perceptions of their students' cognitive abilities impact the referrals that they make and intervention strategies that they implement. In this study, teachers and school psychologists were asked to sort basic academic tasks into the CHC broad abilities. The central research questions being asked are as follows: Are school psychologists and teachers equally proficient at identifying the broad cognitive ability demands of a basic academic task? How do the responses of the participants compare to the theoretical model presented? Do teachers and school psychologists become better at identifying the cognitive demands of a task with experience or higher levels of training? In order to answer the first research question, MANOVAs were performed. There was a significant overall difference between groups on their responses. While teachers and school psychologists differed significantly on five of the eight CHC broad ability scales. School psychologists were only significantly better at consistently identifying the basic academic tasks that utilized Fluid Reasoning. To answer the second research question, principal components factor analysis was performed. The factors created displayed limited similarity to the theoretical factors. Pearson correlations between the theoretical factors and the factors created through factor analysis revealed multiple positive correlations that accounted for more than 10% of the variance. The theoretical scales that were more significantly correlated were Fluid Reasoning, Auditory Processing, and Processing Speed. To answer the third research question, Pearson correlations were calculated. This analysis revealed that neither group develops a better understanding of the cognitive abilities required to perform academic tasks with experience. Level of education is not related to accuracy for teachers on any of the items. Level of education is significantly correlated with accuracy in identifying tasks that require Visual Processing for school psychologists.
Temple University--Theses
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Serbin, Bettina. "Physiologie et Physiopathologie du transport de chlore dans le canal collecteur rénal : caractérisation d’un modèle murin d’Acidose tubulaire rénale distale et Étude des mécanismes de régulation du canal ClC-Kb/Barttin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066213/document.

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Le rein joue un rôle crucial dans de multiples processus biologiques, tels que le maintien de l’homéostasie acide-base et de la balance sodée. Le transport de chlore dans le néphron distal est un élément majeur de ces deux fonctions physiologiques. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai travaillé sur deux projets relatifs à la physiologie et la physiopathologie du transport de chlore dans le néphron distal. Le premier travail concerne la caractérisation fonctionnelle et moléculaire d’un modèle murin dont le gène Slc4a1 codant pour l’échangeur d’anion de type 1 (AE1) a été modifié, pour introduire une mutation ponctuelle (R589H) dans la séquence protéique. Cette mutation est la plus fréquente des mutations de cette protéine responsable d’acidose tubulaire rénale distale chez l’Homme. Comme les patients, ces souris présentent une acidose tubulaire distale. Nos résultats ont montré que la diminution de l’activité d’échange Cl-/HCO3-, due à la baisse drastique de l’expression d’AE1 dans les cellules -intercalaires du canal collecteur, affecte l’expression et la distribution apicale de la pompe à protons, ce qui altère de ce fait la fonction d’acidification de l’urine. Le second travail porte sur l’étude de la régulation du transport de chlore par le complexe protéique ClC-Kb/Barttin, par phosphorylation de la Barttin. Ce travail démontre que la phosphorylation de la Barttin stimule le transport de chlore du canal ClC-Kb, en augmentant la distribution et la stabilité du complexe ClC-Kb/Barttin à la membrane. Ainsi, la phosphorylation de la Barttin pourrait représenter un mécanisme d’adaptation du transport de chlore en réponse à des variations des apports alimentaires en NaCl
Kidney plays a major role in several biological fonctions as sodium balance or acid-base homeostasis. Chloride transport in the distal nephron is a key element of these two processes. During my thesis, i have worked on two projects related to physiology and pathophysiology of chloride transport in distal nephron. The first study is the functionnal and molecular characterization of a mouse model bearing the most common dominant dRTA mutation in human AE1, R589H, which corresponds to R607H in the mouse. R607H knock-in mice display incomplete dRTA. Our results showed that reduced basolateral anion exchange activity in type A intercalated cells inhibits trafficking and regulation of V-type ATPase, compromising luminal H+ secretion. In the second study, we investigated the role of a phosphorylation site in the regulation of chloride transport by the ClC-Kb/Barttin channels complex. Our results indicates that Barttin phosphorylation stimulates chloride transport by ClC-Kb channels by increasing the number of active channels in the membrane and hence are involved in the mechanisms of adaptation of renal chloride absorption in response to changes in dietary NaCl intake
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Books on the topic "CPC Collector"

1

Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. History of CNC. [Ottawa]: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2007.

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author, Garcia Victor Menezes, ed. Execução fiscal à luz da jurisprudência: Lei 6,830/980 comentada artigo por artigo de acordo com o novo CPC. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Thomson Reuters Revista dos Tribunais, 2015.

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Wen, Fong, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), eds. Along the riverbank: Chinese painting from the C.C. Wang family collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.

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Juliano, Annette L. Bronze, clay and stone: Chinese art in the C.C. Wang family collection. [Hong Kong?]: Hsi An T'ang, 1988.

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Sotheby's (Firm). The C.C. Wang family collection of important early Chinese works of art. [New York]: Sotheby's, Inc., 1990.

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Samuels, Martin A. Samuels and Ropper's neurological CPCs from the New England Journal of Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Lafferty, Travis. Another day, another dollar: Remembering the CCC, 1933-1942 : tapes, letters, and tales collected 1961-62. Oakland, CA: T. Lafferty, 1990.

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Fernando, Frances, Lapa Pedro, and Schilling Jürgen, eds. Gerhard Richter: Eine Privatsammlung = a private collection : CAC Málaga, Centro de Arte Contemporáneo de Malaga, 16 January-18 April, 2004 : Museu do Chiado, Museu Nacional de Arte Contemporânea, Lisboa, 29 April-27 June, 2004. Düsseldorf: Richter, 2004.

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Hastin, Bud. Bud Hastins Avon Collectors' Encyclopedia: The Official Guide for Avon Bottle & Cpc Collectors (Bud Hastin's Avon and Collector's Encyclopedia). Collector Books, 2003.

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Cultural Center of the Philippines., ed. Spin: CCP textile collection. [Manila]: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "CPC Collector"

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González, Manuel I., and Luis R. Rodríguez. "Solar-Powered Adsorption Chiller with Cpc Collection System: Collector Design and Experimental Results." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 916–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_176.

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Baig, Muhammad Nadeem, Asad Khan Durrani, and Ammar Tariq. "CPC-Trough—COmpound Parabolic Collector for Cost Efficient Low Temperature Applications." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 603–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_111.

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Tripathi, Rohit, Abhishek Tiwari, and G. N. Tiwari. "Overall Performance of N Partially Covered Photovoltaic Thermal-Compound Parabolic Concentrator (PVT-CPC) Collector with Different Concentration Ratio." In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 2, 113–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2662-6_11.

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Djedoui, S., S. Bouhassoun, B. Benameur, and R. Saim. "Thermal Behaviour Study of a Bare Plate Thermal Solar Air Collector with One Pass Coupled with Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)." In ICREEC 2019, 151–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5444-5_19.

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Winston, R., G. Diaz, A. Ritchel, A. Tovar, J. Cisneros, R. Gee, M. J. Hale, et al. "High temperature CPC collectors with chinese vacuum tube receivers." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 661–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_122.

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Collares-Pereira, M., F. Janela, R. Rodrigues, and C. Vitorino. "A Novel Combination of Low Concentration CPC Collectors with Bifacial Photovoltaic Cells." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1226–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_223.

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Ali, Murad. "Monitoring and Evaluation in South-South Cooperation: The Case of CPEC in Pakistan." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 289–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_13.

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AbstractPakistan is a key country in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) where the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is under implementation. An investment model of financing through loans, grants and private investments, CPEC is an example of South-South cooperation (SSC) having a number of benefits for both countries. Aimed at developing energy, industry, and communication infrastructure, the corridor initially valued at $46 billion but is now worth $62 billion. CPEC is expected to contribute significantly to socio-economic development and regional connectivity and trade. The main research question is, while implementing projects in Pakistan, to what extent China adheres to its avowed principles comprising features such as mutual respect, non-conditionality, equality, building local capacity and addressing actual needs of partner countries. Based mainly on the analysis of primary data collected during fieldwork in Pakistan, this research explores the extent to which the official narrative influences the actual practice of China’s development cooperation on the ground. To critically examine CPEC, this chapter uses a monitoring and evaluation framework developed by the Network of Southern Think Tanks (NeST), which is dedicated to generating systematic and clearly comparable knowledge on SSC (Besharati et al. 2017). The findings illustrate that, as per the five broad dimensions of the SSC framework, the China–Pakistan partnership under CPEC has performed well in the four areas of inclusive national ownership, horizontality, self-reliance and sustainability, and development effectiveness, but it has lagged in accountability and transparency.
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Helal, Olfa, Raouf Benrejeb, and Béchir Chaouachi. "Comparative Study of Two Integrated Solar Collectors with Symmetric and Asymmetric CPC Reflectors Based on a Ray Trace Analysis." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 2, 935–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_65.

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Andersen, Ole. "Collection and Assessment of Current Standards and Guidelines for PES - CEC Collaborative Project, Objective 3." In Safety and Reliability of Programmable Electronic Systems, 27–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4317-9_4.

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Yang, Yun, Chao Yin, Xiao-bin Li, and Liang Li. "Multi-source Information Intelligent Collection and Monitoring of CNC Machine Tools Based on Multi-agent." In Challenges and Opportunity with Big Data, 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61994-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "CPC Collector"

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Collares-Pereira, Manuel, and Antonio L. M. Joyce. "CPC-type collector applied to water desalination." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy, edited by Anne Hugot-Le Goff, Claes-Goeran Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.130511.

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Gwi-Hyun Lee, Whoa S Kang, Cheol H Park, and (or initial) (or initial). "Drying System Using CPC Evacuated Tubular Solar Collector." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23515.

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Russo, Roberto, Francesco Di Giamberardino, Matteo Monti, Carmine D’Alessandro, Davide De Maio, Marilena Musto, and Vittorio G. Palmieri. "Performances of a CPC Collector inside a High Vacuum Flat Panel." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.2018.jt2a.8.

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Nitsas, M. T., and I. P. Koronaki. "Performance Evaluation of Asymmetric CPC-PVT Collectors Connected in Series." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70129.

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In this study, a series of thermal-photovoltaic collectors with hybrid reflector geometry and flat plate receiver is investigated experimentally and analytically through fundamental equations regarding solar collectors. The series of five compound parabolic thermophotovoltaic collectors are located in Athens, Greece and the experiments took place in June at open circuit state, i.e. the collectors were not electrically connected. The developed model combines optical and thermal analysis. The main objective of this study is to determine the thermal and the exergetic performance of the collectors under various operating conditions. For these reasons, the developed model is validated with the respective experimental data and afterwards, the solar collector model is examined parametrically for different tilt angles. The experiments are performed with water as heat transfer fluid and for low temperature levels up to 60°C. The final results proved that the investigated solar collectors are able to produce about 2.8 kW useful heat for low working fluid mass flow rates exhibiting at the same time an exergetic efficiency of nearly 1.4%. Also, the results of the developed model showed that the maximization of the produced thermal energy during summer occurs at a tilt angle of 10°.
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Zambolin, Enrico, Davide Del Col, and Andrea Padovan. "Experimental Daily Energy Performance of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90344.

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New comparative tests on different types of solar collectors are presented in this paper. Tests have been performed at the solar energy conversion laboratory of the University of Padova. Two standard glazed flat plate collectors and one evacuated tube collector are installed in parallel; the evacuated collector is a direct flow through type with external CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) reflectors. The present test rig allows to make measurements on the flat plate, on the evacuated collector or on both simultaneously, by simply acting on the valves to modify the circuit. In this paper measurements of the performance of the evacuated tube collector and flat plate collectors working at the same conditions are reported. Efficiency in stationary conditions is measured following the standard EN 12975-2 [1] and it is compared with the input/output curves measured for an entire day. The main purpose of the present work is to characterize and to compare the daily energy performance of the two types of collectors. An effective mean for describing and analyzing the daily performance is the so called input/output diagram, in which the collected solar energy is plotted against the daily incident solar radiation. Test runs have been performed in several conditions to reproduce different conventional uses (hot water, space heating, solar cooling).
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Sardeshpande, Vishal, and Sardeshpande Vishal. "Direct Steam Generation for Process Heat Applications in Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC)." In EuroSun2016. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2016.02.09.

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Cui, Wenzhi, Long Zhao, Wei Wu, Ke Wang, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Energy Efficiency of a Quasi CPC Concentrating Solar PV/T System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38341.

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Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a typical non-tracking ideal concentrator sharing the advantages of simple structure and no need of complicated and expensive continue sun-tracking systems, making the system economically attractive in the practical applications. In order to avoid the use of expensive curved mirror, usually used in standard CPC, a quasi CPC consisting of multiple flat mirror segments has been designed. This CPC concentrator is combined with a photovoltaic and thermal (PV/T) collector to be a CPC-PV/T system. The characteristics of solar concentrating and the performance of photovoltaic and photo-thermal energy conversion of the quasi CPC-PV/T have been experimentally studied. The test results show that solar concentrating decreases the electric efficiency of PV module. The total electric output, however, increases. The integrated energy efficiency of this system is above 70%.
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Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, Azami Zaharim, Suhaila Abdul Hamid, Baljit Singh Sarban Singh, Chan Hoyyen, Saleem H. Zaidi, and Mohd Yusof Othman. "Performance of double pass PV/T combi solar collector with CPC: Theoretical approach." In 2017 International Conference in Energy and Sustainability in Small Developing Economies (ES2DE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/es2de.2017.8015345.

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Gu, Xiaoguang, Robert A. Taylor, and Gary Rosengarten. "Optical Analysis of a New CPC-Based Solar Collector Designed for Hydrogen Production." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17226.

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Methanol reforming to produce hydrogen is an excellent way to provide fuel for hydrogen-based fuel cells. Since methanol reforming is an endothermic process, requiring an energy input, it is possible to use this reaction as a way to store primary energy. In this paper, we propose that this reaction can be driven with a new type of solar collector which has high overall efficiency. The advantage of the proposed design is that it can achieve high temperatures (up to 250°C) without tracking thus reducing capital and running costs. A CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) collector was designed with a half angle of 27.4 degrees and a concentration ratio between 1.5–1.75 over the entire cone angle. Furthermore, due to the small size of the designed type of collector, it would be easy to manually orient it so that the axis is aligned east-west, which would allow it to concentrate all day. The fabricated collector shown later in this paper has the advantage of being portable with a thickness of just 70mm. In this design, we use a vacuum layer between the receiver and the frame to minimize the convective heat loss and to allow for thermal concentration. Selective surfaces, such as TiNOx, are employed in the receiver to absorb solar (short wavelength) radiation while minimizing emission of thermal (long wavelength) radiation. An optical analysis via ray tracing shows an optical efficiency of 80% to 85% in the range of half incident angle. Also, a prototype of the designed CPC collector is manufactured and shown in this paper.
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Carvalho, Maria J., Manuel Collares-Pereira, Joao C. de Oliveira, Joao F. Mendes, A. Haeberle, and Volker Wittwer. "Optical and thermal testing of convection reduction mechanisms in a new 1.2X CPC solar collector." In Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XIII, edited by Volker Wittwer, Claes G. Granqvist, and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185402.

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Reports on the topic "CPC Collector"

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Winston, R., and J. J. O'Gallagher. Participation in multilateral effort to develop high performance integrated CPC evacuated collectors. [Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7296012.

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Smethie, Jr, and William M. CFC Data Collection during the Labrador Sea Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627993.

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Winston, R., and J. J. O`Gallagher. Participation in multilateral effort to develop high performance integrated CPC evacuated collectors. Final report, July 1, 1986--May 31, 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154774.

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Lambert, D., W. Riley, and W. Ramsey. PERMANGANATE OXIDATION OF DEFENSE WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY (DWPF) RECYCLE COLLECTION TANK (RCT) SIMULANTS - PROTOCOL RUNS FOR NOMINAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESS CELL (CPC) FOAMOVER CONDITIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561212.

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SIEGFRIED, MATTHEW, WILLIAM RAMSEY, and MATTHEW WILLIAMS. PERMANGANATE OXIDATION OF DEFENSE WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY (DWPF) RECYCLE COLLECTION TANK (RCT) SIMULANTS LARGER SCALE PROTOCOL RUNS - CHEMICAL PROCESS CELL (CPC) NOMINAL AND FOAMOVER CONDITIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1701701.

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Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.

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The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
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Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. National Center for Environmental Health, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:105345.

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"The Updated Tables, March 2021) presents nationally representative, cumulative biomonitoring data gathered from 1999–2000 through 2015–2016. It includes all the data from each of the previous National Reports on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and each of the previous Updated Tables (collectively, the Report and Updated Tables). In each survey period, the reported chemicals or their metabolites were measured in blood, serum, and urine samples from random subsamples of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These subsamples typically consisted of about 2,500 participants – exact numbers are included in the tables. Survey data and samples are collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics. CDC’s Environmental Health Laboratory (Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), National Center for Environmental Health) used mass spectrometry methods to obtain the blood, serum, and urine exposure measurements presented in the Report and Updated Tables. Volume One (1999-2010) and Volume Two (2011-2016) contain data tables for chemicals measured in the general U.S. population Volume Two: NHANES 2011-2016 provides data on the general U.S. population from NHANES 2011-2012, 2013–2014, and 2015-2016. CS272983-A FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume2_Mar2021-508.pdf"
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Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Updated tables, March 2021 : volume two: NHANES 2011-2016. National Center for Environmental Health (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/105345.

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"The Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals: Updated Tables, March 2021 (the Updated Tables, March 2021) presents nationally representative, cumulative biomonitoring data gathered from 1999–2000 through 2015–2016. It includes all the data from each of the previous National Reports on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and each of the previous Updated Tables (collectively, the Report and Updated Tables). In each survey period, the reported chemicals or their metabolites were measured in blood, serum, and urine samples from random subsamples of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These subsamples typically consisted of about 2,500 participants – exact numbers are included in the tables. Survey data and samples are collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics. CDC’s Environmental Health Laboratory (Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), National Center for Environmental Health) used mass spectrometry methods to obtain the blood, serum, and urine exposure measurements presented in the Report and Updated Tables. Volume One (1999-2010) and Volume Two (2011-2016) contain data tables for chemicals measured in the general U.S. population Volume Two: NHANES 2011-2016 provides data on the general U.S. population from NHANES 2011-2012, 2013–2014, and 2015-2016. CS272983-A FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Volume2_Mar2021-508.pdf"
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