Academic literature on the topic 'CPCNP'

Introducción y objetivos. El estado nutricional y la respuesta inflamatoria afectan la evolución del CPCNP metastásico. El objetivo fue evaluar el valor pronóstico de la proteína C reactiva (PCR), dímero D (DD), ceruloplasmina (CP) y albúmina sérica (AS).

Propósito: realizar una revisión de la evidencia acerca del tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña (CPCNP). Fuente de los datos: la información se obtuvo a partir de búsquedas practicadas en MEDLINE, CCT R, BIOSIS , EMBASE , LIL ACS y CIN HAL. También se recopilaron las referencias más representativas presentadas durante los últimos cinco años en los congresos ASCO, ESMO y de la IASLC. Extracción de los datos: los datos fueron extraídos por miembros asociados al ONCOLGroup. La recopilación de la información no siguió una estrategia uniforme. Resultados de la síntesis de datos: la terapia que se utiliza para tratar el carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) mejora la supervivencia global y la calidad de vida; no obstante, la mayoría de los pacientes mueren por la enfermedad antes del segundo año del diagnóstico, evento que ha favorecido la generación de nuevas estrategias que permitirán optimizar este desenlace. En la actualidad, el tratamiento estándar de primera línea implica varias combinaciones con base en algún platino que incrementan la supervivencia en comparación con la monoterapia y el mejor soporte paliativo. Estos regímenes son comparables respecto de su eficacia, pero difieren en el perfil de seguridad. Nuevas alternativas de tratamiento dirigidas contra blancos moleculares benefician a poblaciones específicas, cuando se administran solas o con otros agentes con los que presentan sinergismo. Esta revisión no realizó una evaluación sistemática de la evidencia. Conclusión: la terapia médica utilizada en el CPCNP modifica positivamente los desenlaces principales, incluyendo la calidad de vida

OBJETIVO: A quimioterapia adjuvante é recomendada na maioria dos casos de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (CPCNP) ressecados em pacientes nos estádios II ou IIIA. No entanto, diferentes esquemas quimioterápicos contendo cisplatina foram utilizados em estudos de fase III, e a melhor escolha permanece obscura. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a experiência do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), com o uso da combinação de cisplatina e etoposídeo nessa situação, com especial foco para os dados de sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários dos pacientes com diagnóstico de CPCNP que receberam terapia adjuvante no INCA entre 2004 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 51 pacientes, e todos foram tratados com a combinação de cisplatina e etoposídeo. A mediana de tempo de seguimento foi de 31 meses de seguimento, e a mediana de sobrevida global foi de 57 meses. Na análise univariada, a sobrevida foi inferior nos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia + quimioterapia do que aqueles somente submetidos a quimioterapia (mediana de 19 vs. 57 meses; p < 0,001), e houve uma tendência a menor sobrevida nos pacientes em estádio III em relação àqueles em estádios I-II (mediana de 34 vs. 57 meses, respectivamente; p = 0,22). Não houve associações significativas entre a sobrevida global e gênero (p = 0,70), padrão histológico (p = 0,33) ou dose de cisplatina (p = 0,13). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados corroboram a utilização da quimioterapia adjuvante, e os resultados de sobrevida se aproximam daqueles descritos nos principais ensaios clínicos randomizados. Contudo, é importante o acompanhamento a longo prazo nessa população

Los rearreglos del gen con actividad quinasa del linfoma anaplásico (ALK) ocurren infrecuentemente en el cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña (CPCNP) y constituyen un paradigma para la terapia dirigida contra oncogenes conductores en esta enfermedad. El crizotinib, un inhibidor del ALK disponible por vía oral, ofrece ventajas significativas para los pacientes positivos con toxicidad leve y beneficio clínico, motivos por los que fue aprobado para uso clínico en un subgrupo del cáncer de pulmón definido molecularmente. En la actualidad, se están desarrollando múltiples inhibidores del ALK dirigidos a maximizar la respuesta en presencia de menos efectos adversos, al igual que a controlar los mecanismos de resistencia subyacentes. Esta información permitirá optimizar en el futuro el tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón ALK positivo.

Abstract. The expansion-contraction model of Dungey cell plasma convection has two different convection sources, i.e. reconnections at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. The spatial-temporal structure of the nightside source is not yet well understood. In this study we shall identify temporal variations in the winter polar cap convection structure during substorm activity under steady interplanetary conditions. Substorm activity (electrojets and particle precipitations) is monitored by excellent ground-satellite DMSP F15 conjunctions in the dusk-premidnight sector. We take advantage of the wide latitudinal coverage of the IMAGE chain of ground magnetometers in Svalbard – Scandinavia – Russia for the purpose of monitoring magnetic deflections associated with polar cap convection and substorm electrojets. These are augmented by direct observations of polar cap convection derived from SuperDARN radars and cross-track ion drift observations during traversals of polar cap along the dusk-dawn meridian by spacecraft DMSP F13. The interval we study is characterized by moderate, stable forcing of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system (EKL = 4.0–4.5 mV m−1; cross polar cap potential (CPCP), Φ (Boyle) = 115 kV) during Earth passage of an interplanetary CME (ICME), choosing an 4-h interval where the magnetic field pointed continuously south-west (Bz < 0; By < 0). The combination of continuous monitoring of ground magnetic deflections and the F13 cross-track ion drift observations in the polar cap allows us to infer the temporal CPCP structure on time scales less than the ~10 min duration of F13 polar cap transits. We arrived at the following estimates of the dayside and nightside contributions to the CPCP (CPCP = CPCP/day + CPCP/night) under two intervals of substorm activity: CPCP/day ~110 kV; CPCP/night ~50 kV (45% CPCP increase during substorms). The temporal CPCP structure during one of the substorm cases resulted in a dawn-dusk convection asymmetry measured by DMSP F13 which is opposite to that expected from the prevailing negative By polarity of the ICME magnetic field, a clear indication of a nightside source.

Abstract A Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) is a common requirement for a new business owner in services such as utilities, communications, healthcare, and transportation. However, studies have called into question the effectiveness and purpose of these laws when applied in certain industries. This study chronicles the development of and justifications provided for the enactment of CPCN laws. It then empirically tests the effectiveness of these laws in the taxi industry. This paper finds no evidence that the CPCN laws in the taxi industry are meeting their objectives. Some evidence suggests that CPCN laws achieve the opposite of their intention.

El carcinoma de pulmó de cèl·lula no petita (CPCNP) és un dels tumors més freqüents en la població caucàsica en què la histologia més comuna és l’adenocarcinoma. En diversos estudis clínics es va observar que un subgrup de pacients amb CPCNP avançat, amb unes característiques molt concretes (sexe femení, d’histologia adenocarcinoma i no fumador), es beneficiaven del tractament amb uns inhibidors de l’activitat tirosina quinasa (ITQ) d’EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor). Les mutacions en aquest domini del gen EGFR, descobertes l’any 2004, van ser descrites com les responsables de les respostes als ITQ. El 90% d’aquestes mutacions són delecions en l’exó 19 i una mutació puntual en la posició L858R de l’exó 21. Tot i així, més de la meitat dels pacients amb les mutacions de sensibilitat tractats amb ITQ recauen. Una de causes més comunes és l’aparició de la mutació de resistència T790M en l’exó 20. El mètode estàndard per estudiar alteracions genètiques és la seqüenciació Sanger. Com que la seva sensibilitat de detecció es situa al voltant del 20%, en aquest treball s’han optimitzat altres tècniques més sensibles, com l’anàlisi de fragments per detectar les delecions de l’exó 19 (GeneScan) i la discriminació al·lèlica per TaqMan per a les mutacions L858R i T790M en mostres de teixit tumoral inclòs en parafina i per a mostres amb poca cel·lularitat tumoral. A continuació, s’ha realitzat tant la validació analítica (límit de detecció; quantitat mínima d’ADN mutat necessària per detectar la mutació; sensibilitat, especificitat i repetibilitat de les tècniques, i estudi de l’heterogeneïtat de les mutacions dins el tumor) com la validació clínica (respostes al tractament, supervivència i PFS dels pacients amb mutació de l’Spanish Lung Adenocarcinoma Data Base (SLADB)). Aquesta validació ha permès l’aplicació d’aquestes tècniques en l’estudi de les mutacions dels pacients inclosos en l’assaig EURTAC (primer estudi realitzat amb pacients caucàsics mutats) i la seva relació amb la resposta, supervivència i PFS dels pacients tractats amb erlotinib respecte als tractats amb quimioteràpia convencional. Per una altra banda, l’obtenció de mostra de teixit inclòs en parafina no és viable en molts pacients avançats. Es va pensar en l’ADN circulant de la sang perifèrica com a font d’informació de l’estat mutacional del tumor ja que es pot obtenir d’una manera no agressiva del pacient i permet la seva monitorització al llarg del temps. Malgrat que els processos tumorals alliberen ADN al torrent sanguini, hi ha molts altres processos biològics que incrementen la concentració d’al·lels wild type (wt). Per tal de detectar aquesta baixa concentració d’al·lels mutats en sang perifèrica, s’han optimitzat les tècniques de GeneScan i TaqMan afegint la sonda PNA en les reaccions per inhibir l’amplificació dels al·lels wt. S’ha realitzat tant la validació analítica (límit de detecció; quantitat mínima d’ADN mutat necessària per detectar la mutació; sensibilitat, especificitat i repetibilitat de les tècniques) com la validació clínica (respostes al tractament, supervivència i PFS dels pacients mutats en sang perifèrica, de l’SLADB i l’EURTAC). S’ha comprovat que aquestes tècniques són adequades, no només en l’estudi de les mutacions en teixit inclòs en parafina sinó també en mostres de sang perifèrica, en obtenir-se resultats molt semblants als descrits en la bibliografia.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of death from cancer in the Caucasian population. Some clinical studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with advanced NSCLC showed that some patients with clinical and pathological factors -such as female sex, adenocarcinoma histology (the most frequent histology in NSCLC) and never smoker status- experienced rapid responses. In 2004, it was reported that the presence of somatic mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR strongly correlates with increased responsiveness to EGFR TKIs. Two types of mutation, short in-frame deletions in exon 19 and the exon 21 point mutation L858R, have been reported to comprise up to 90% of all activating EGFR mutations. However, about half of patients with these activating mutations who present dramatic initial responses will eventually develop resistance to TKI treatment. Such resistance is associated with the secondary T790M resistance mutation in exon 20. Thus far, Sanger sequencing is the conventional method used for detection of mutations in tumor cells but its sensitivity is suboptimal for clinical tumor samples because it fails to detect mutations in samples with less than 20% mutated alleles. In this study, other methods have been tested such as fragment analysis to detect exon 19 in-frame deletions (GeneScan) and allelic discrimination by TaqMan assay to detect both exon 21 L858R and T90M exon 20 point mutations from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue and also from samples with few tumor cells. We performed analytical validation (detection limit, minimum amount of mutated DNA necessary for detection, sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of techniques, and tumor heterogeneity) and clinical validation (treatment response, survival and progression-free survival [PFS] of EGFR mutated patients from the Spanish Lung Adenocarcinoma Data Base [SLADB]. After a successful validation process, EGFR mutations were analyzed from patients in the EURTAC trial, which was the first randomized trial comparing erlotinib with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in non-Asian patients with EGFR mutations; treatment response, survival and PFS were assessed. However, the difficulty to obtain tumor tissue, particularly from patients with advanced NSCLC, stimulated interest in analyses using surrogate samples, such as peripheral blood, which frequently contain circulating free DNA derived from tumor tissue. This circulating free DNA could be obtained by non-invasive procedures that allow for serial tumor sampling during lung cancer screening. Although tumor processes release DNA to the bloodstream, other biological and physiological mechanisms increase the concentration of wild-type (wt) alleles. There are several drawbacks that interfere with circulating free DNA mutation detection assays like the low frequency of the mutations that occur in the tumor, their poor release to the bloodstream and the dilution effect of DNA fragments and wt DNA. Genescan and TaqMan assay were optimized to detect EGFR mutations in peripheral blood samples using PNA probe to inhibit the amplification of wt alleles. We performed analytical validation (detection limit, minimum amount of mutated DNA necessary for detection, sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of techniques) and clinical validation (treatment response, survival and PFS of EGFR mutated patients in peripheral blood samples from the SLADB and EURTAC trials). The findings suggest that GeneScan and TaqMan assay are feasible means of determining EGFR mutational status in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue and peripheral blood samples of advanced NSCLC patients. The results obtained agree closely with those described in the literature.

Se analiza el rendimiento diagnóstico de la tomografía de emisión de positrones por coincidencia (PET-c) en la estadificación del cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña (CPCNP). El proyecto consta de dos partes realizadas de forma sucesiva:En primer lugar, se diseña y elabora una parte experimental mediante un fantoma para establecer la resolución espacial máxima del equipo utilizado (gammacámara de coincidencia de triple cabezal detector), teniendo en cuenta el efecto de la corrección de atenuación. Se utiliza un fantoma cilíndrico con esferas de diferentes diámetros para simular lesiones pulmonares y distintas condiciones experimentales referidas a la concentración de actividad entre las esferas y el fondo. En segundo lugar, se analiza el rendimiento diagnóstico de la PET-c tras TAC basado en una cohorte retrospectiva de 188 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de CPCNP y tamaño de lesión mayor o igual al establecido previamente como límite de resolución del equipo. La estadificación clínica se establece inicialmente con TAC y en segundo lugar con PET-c y se categoriza en estadios operables e inoperables (según clasificación TNM) para establecer la indicación quirúrgica. La estadificación patológica (pTNM) en los pacientes intervenidos se considera el patrón oro. El análisis de los datos consiste en:a) Estudio de concordancia (índice de acuerdo observado, kappa simple y kappa ponderado) y b) Análisis del rendimiento diagnóstico evaluado mediante los parámetros usuales en la valoración de pruebas diagnósticas (Sensibilidad, Especificidad, Valor Predictivo Positivo y Valor Predictivo Negativo) y el cálculo del estadístico C para el análisis de curvas ROC. La estadificación clínica y tras cirugía de la PET-c tras TAC muestra valores de concordancia que se sitúan en niveles "bueno" y "excelente" respectivamente, siendo superiores a los de la TAC y mostrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La PET-c tras TAC permite establecer las estadificación de todos los casos en que la TAC no logra hacerlo, al quedar como "indeterminada" la información, en algunos casos, de los descriptores N y M. El rendimiento diagnóstico de ambas pruebas al agrupar los pacientes en función de operabilidad / inoperabilidad respecto al patrón oro muestra valores superiores para la PET-c (S: 80%, E: 98%, VPP: 80% y VPN: 98% y estadístico C: 0,89) frente a la TAC aunque no se detectaron diferencias significativas. Pese a la falta de poder estadístico existente, los resultados del estudio contribuyen a consolidar las ventajas de añadir una PET-c a la TAC en la estadificación del CPCNP, puesto que supone una mejora diagnóstica que resulta trascendental en términos de pacientes inoperables que no son operados y pacientes operables que sí son intervenidos.
The purpose is to analyze the diagnostic performance of coincidence positron emission tomography (PET-c) in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Firstly, we designed an experimental study using a phantom to establish the spatial resolution of the equipment used (a triple head-detector coincidence gammacamera) assessing also the influence of attenuation correction. We used a cylindrical phantom with spheres of different diameters simulating lung lesions. The experimental conditions related to the activity into the spheres and background were modified.Secondly, we revised 188 patients in order to analyze the accuracy of PET-c after computarized tomography (CT). All patients had confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC and lesions greater than or equal to the limit of resolution of the gammacamera. The clinical stage was initially established with CT and after with PET-c. Patients were classified into operable and non-operable. The pathological stage was considered the gold standard. Data were analyzed by means of a concordance test (agreement index, and kappa value), accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) and analysis of ROC curves. When performing PET-c after CT, concordance for both the clinical stage and the pathologycal stage showed values "good" and "excellent" respectively, being higher than CT alone. They showed statistically significant differences. The PET-c after CT allowed the staging of all cases in which the CT was unable to stage (cases "unspecified" for descriptors N and M). The results of the diagnostic performance of both tests are grouped in categories for the surgical indication and compared to the gold standard. PET-c showed higher values (S: 80%, E: 98%, PPV: 80% and NPV: 98% C value: 0.89), than those obtained for the CT, but non significant differences were detected. Despite the fact that non statistical power exists, these results support the benefits of adding a PET-c in the staging of NSCLC. PET-c improves the diagnostic selection of patients who must not be operated and patients who will obtain surgical benefit.

Objetivo: Evaluar supervivencia y factores asociados en pacientes con CPCNP con la mutación del gen EGFR tratados con ITK en un Hospital de referencia peruano.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte retrospectivo durante 2009-2015. Las variables categóricas se presentaron como frecuencias y porcentajes. Se presentó la curva de Kaplan-Meier. Para el análisis bivariado, se analizó la asociación entre variables independientes y sobrevida utilizando el log Rank Test. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizó el método de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 72 pacientes, seguidos durante un total de 1144 meses. Predominó género femenino (61.11%), pacientes no fumadores (62.50%), subtipo histológico adenocarcinoma (76.38%). El tipo de mutación del gen EGFR más frecuente fue la deleción del exón 19 (65.27%). La historia de tabaquismo fue del 37.5%. La mayoría de los pacientes se presentaron con comorbilidades (77.78%) siendo hipertensión arterial la más frecuente. Casi la totalidad de los pacientes se encontró en estadio IV. Fallecieron 65 (90.28%) casos. Se estimó que la mediana de sobrevida fue de 9.3 meses IC=95%(7.01-16.93). Al comparar las curvas de sobrevida (Long Rank test) se encontró que tipo histológico (p=0.01), lugar de mutación (p=0.06), hemoglobina (p=0.01) y edad (p=0.01) de los pacientes fueron significativas para la supervivencia global. En el análisis multivariado las variables asociadas significativamente fueron edad (HR=1.02, IC=1-1.04, p=0.009) y hemoglobina (HR=0.70, IC=0.55-0.89, p=0.003). Conclusión: La mediana de sobrevida global de los pacientes con mutación del gen EGFR con CPCNP tratados con ITK fue de 9,3 meses. Se encontró que una menor edad y una mayor cifra de hemoglobina fueron los factores asociados a una mayor sobrevida.
Objective: Evaluate the survival and prognostic factors in EGFR mutation non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with tyrosine inhibitors (TKI) in a Peruvian reference hospital. Methods: Retrospective cohort analytical observational study was conducted in NSCLC patients from 2009-2015. Kaplan-Meier curve was presented. For the bivariate analysis, the association between independent variables and survival is analyzed using the Long-Rank test. For the multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional hazards method is used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using time-to-event outcomes. Results: Were included 72 patients, following for a total of 1144 months. Predominantly female gender (61.11%), never smoked patients (62.50%), histological adenocarcinoma subtype (76.38%). The most frequent EGFR mutation was the deletion of exon 19 (65.27%). The history of smoking was 37.5%. The majority of patients present with comorbidities (77.78%), hypertension being the most frequent. Almost all patients were found in stage IV. 65 (90.28%) cases died. It was estimated that the median survival was 9.3 months CI = 95% (7.01-16.93). When comparing the survival curves using Long Range Test, it was found that histological type (p = 0.01), place of mutation (p = 0.06), hemoglobin (p = 0.01) and age (p = 0.01) were significant for overall survival. In the multivariate analysis significant characteristicsthe were age (HR = 1.02, CI = 1-1.04, p = 0.009) and hemoglobin (HR = 0.70, CI = 0.55-0.89, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The median overall survival of positive EGFR mutation NSCLC patients treated with TKI was 9.3 months. An association was found between a younger age and an a higher hemoglobin level with a longer survival.
Tesis

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The present task has the intention to present, analytically, the existing urgent measures in the Brazilian law, highlighting its use under appellate level. Begins with the conceptualization of the precautionary measure institutes, with the anticipation of the legal protection and the injunctions, going by the analysis of its peculiarities, distinctions and similarities. Then, the characteristics features of each guardianship analyzed in this study, highlighting its requirements and entering slowly in its peculiarities. Subsequently, the study addresses the filing of such measures on appellate headquarters, presenting the general theory of resources for, then, treat more specifically the use of the emergency measures also in this procedural sphere. Still, the peculiarities surrounding the new system of emergency measures under the new Code of Civil Procedure project are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions of the study are brought, presenting the corollary of the analysis and showing the most notable similarities and differences about the displayed topic
O presente trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar, de forma analítica, as medidas de urgência existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, destacando sua utilização no âmbito recursal. Inicia-se pela conceituação dos institutos da medida cautelar, da antecipação de tutela e das liminares, passando-se à análise de suas peculiaridades, distinções e semelhanças. Em seguida, são apresentados os traços característicos de cada uma das tutelas analisadas neste estudo, destacando seus requisitos e adentrando com mais vagar em suas particularidades. Posteriormente, o estudo aborda a interposição de tais medidas em sede recursal, apresentando a teoria geral dos recursos para, em seguida, tratar mais especificamente da utilização das medidas de urgência também nesta esfera processual. Ainda, são destacadas as peculiaridades que cercam a nova sistemática das medidas de urgência no âmbito do projeto do novo código de processo civil. Por fim, são trazidas as conclusões do estudo, apresentando o corolário da análise realizada e demonstrando as semelhanças e divergências mais notórias observadas a respeito do tema exibido

In the aeronautic sector, corrosion has been a severe and recurrent problem, mostly since the introduction of metals in aircraft structures and components. This type of damage can affect the structure's integrity, putting in question the airworthiness and safety of the aircraft. History shows us numerous, well-documented aviation accidents, where corrosion was a factor that led to a system failure. Even though improvements have been made, over the years, in the design and manufacturing of new aircrafts, including the use of more corrosion-resistant materials, operators should have a good Corrosion Prevention and Control Program (CPCP) in place throughout the life of the aircraft, achieved through the experience obtained by the operator during the operation of the aircraft. This dissertation exposes the importance of periodic revisions of the aircraft’s CPCP in the fight against corrosion. This research comes from the need of a business jet aircraft operator, NetJets Europe, to reduce maintenance costs related to corrosion and improve aircraft availability. In this work, a segmented and efficient methodology for a comprehensive CPCP revision is described, in order to improve the operator’s economic and operational status. A corrosion findings database was created for each NetJets Europe fleet, in order to obtain an overview of the most affected areas. A complementary study was also performed, in terms of maintenance costs and labor hours, with the objective of finding the most critical areas, structures or components, that needed to be selected for extensive root cause analyses. During the root cause analyses, the aircraft manufacturers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) were contacted for a better assessment of the problems. The results show the importance of these analyses in order to find the best countermeasures possible, which can reduce maintenance costs and improve aircraft availability, while maintaining or improving the safety level.
No setor aeronáutico, a corrosão tem sido um problema severo e recorrente, principalmente desde a introdução de metais em estruturas e componentes nas aeronaves. Este tipo de dano pode afetar a integridade das estruturas, colocando em causa a aeronavegabilidade e a segurança da aeronave. A história mostra-nos numerosos e bem documentados acidentes de aviação, nos quais a corrosão foi um fator que levou a uma falha do sistema. Mesmo com importantes melhorias feitas, ao longo dos anos, na conceção e fabrico de novas aeronaves, incluindo o uso de materiais mais resistentes à corrosão, os operadores deveriam possuir um bom Corrosion Prevention and Control Program (CPCP) durante toda a vida da aeronave, alcançado através da experiência obtida pelo operador durante a operação da aeronave. Esta dissertação expõe a importância de revisões periódicas do CPCP das aeronaves, no combate à corrosão. Esta pesquisa vem da necessidade de um operador de jatos executivos, a NetJets Europe, em reduzir custos de manutenção, relacionados com corrosão, e melhorar a disponibilidade das aeronaves. Neste trabalho, é descrita uma metodologia segmentada e eficiente para uma revisão compreensiva do Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, a fim de melhorar a situação económica e operacional do operador. Foi criada uma base de dados com danos de corrosão, para cada frota da NetJets Europe, a fim de obter uma visão geral das áreas mais afetadas. Foi também realizado um estudo complementar, em termos de custos de manutenção e horas de trabalho, com o objetivo de encontrar as áreas mais críticas, estruturas ou componentes, que precisavam de ser selecionadas para uma extensa análise da causa do problema. Durante a análise da causa do problema, os fabricantes das aeronaves e os Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) foram contactados para uma melhor avaliação dos problemas. Os resultados obtidos mostram a importância destas análises, a fim de encontrar as melhores contramedidas possíveis, capazes de reduzir os custos de manutenção e melhorar a disponibilidade da aeronave, mantendo ou melhorando o nível segurança.

Dans plusieurs milieux on s’attend à ce que les infirmières récemment diplômées fassent du préceptorat (Cubit et Ryan, 2011). Ainsi, les infirmières sont fréquemment affectées à ce rôle tôt après leur intégration sur le marché du travail et souvent sans préparation adéquate (Debra, 2014; Elmers, 2010). Le but de la présente étude était d’explorer l’expérience de devenir infirmières préceptrices auprès de Candidates à l’exercice de la profession infirmière [CEPI], dans un délai de 0 à 3 ans après avoir elles-mêmes été CEPI. La théorie de la transition d’Afaf Ibrahim Meleis (2010) a servi de cadre de référence en guidant la formulation du but de cette étude qualitative interprétative. La théorie de Meleis (2010) a également accompagné la discussion des résultats de notre recherche. Cinq infirmières nouvellement préceptrices âgées de 24 à 27 ans ont participé à des entretiens semi-structurés. L’analyse des données a été conduite selon les étapes d’analyse thématique proposée par Benner (1994) et Paillé et Muchielli (2006). D’abord, il résulte de notre étude que l’expérience de devenir préceptrice suscite chez les jeunes infirmières l’occasion d’un engagement réflexif sur leur propre expérience d’infirmière et de préceptrice. Puis, elles font l’expérience du sens des responsabilités pour «façonner» la CEPI. Finalement, une proximité avec l’expérience de la CEPI influence l’expérience de devenir préceptrice. Devenir préceptrice tôt dans la carrière d’infirmière semble être le moment opportun. Toutefois, il importe d’essayer d’uniformiser et de standardiser la préparation de l’infirmière soignante à devenir préceptrice. Également, jumeler une infirmière préceptrice plus aînée pour guider la nouvelle préceptrice dans cette expérience serait un atout. Finalement, l’approfondissement du besoin de soutien dans l’accompagnement de l’infirmière dans son expérience de devenir préceptrices est une des pistes pour la future recherche.
In today’s reality, nurses start to precept soon in their career (Cubit and Ryan, 2011), and often without any prior notice or preparation (Debra, 2014; Elmers, 2010). The purpose of the present study is to explore the experience of nurses becoming a preceptor for a Candidate to the Profession of Nursing Practice [CPNP], within 0 to 3 years of being CPNP themselves. Five young nurses who were newly preceptors participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were between 24 et 27 years of age. Data was analysed using Benner`s (1994) and Paillé et Muchielli’s (2006) thematic analysis. The theoretical framework of Transition theory by Afaf Ibrahim Meleis (2010) directed the formulation of the purpose of this qualitative interpretive study. Meleis’s theory also accompanied the discussion of the results of the present study. The results of the present study suggest that the young nurses who are newly preceptors are living through the sense of responsibility of shaping the CPNP, they find themselves situated close to the CPNP experience and their experience of becoming a preceptor leads them to reflect on their personal experience as a nurse and a preceptor. Becoming a nurse preceptor early in their career seems to be an opportune moment. However, it would be recommended to standardise the preparation of the nurses for this new responsibility which could ease their experience of becoming a preceptor. Also pairing a more experienced nurse preceptor to guide the new nurse in the process of acquiring the new role of a preceptor would be an asset. Finally a further research could explore the need for support during the experience of becoming a preceptor.

Helicopters achieve three-dimensional flight using a rotor capable of both collective and cyclic pitch. It was proposed that this type of propulsion system could propel and maneuver an underwater vehicle. A collective pitch and cyclic pitch propeller (CPCPP) was designed and developed as a full scale-working prototype for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) propulsion. This paper discusses the design and construction aspects of the CPCPP.