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Hevesi, Zoltan G., David N. Thrush, John B. Downs, and Robert A. Smith. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Anesthesiology 90, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00022.
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Background Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) includes 80-100/min precordial compressions with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) after every fifth compression. To prevent gastric insufflation, chest compressions are held during IPPV if the patient is not intubated. Elimination of IPPV would simplify CPR and might offer physiologic advantages, but compression-induced ventilation without IPPV has been shown to result in hypercapnia. The authors hypothesized that application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might increase CO2 elimination during chest compressions. Methods After appropriate instrumentation and measurement of baseline data, ventricular fibrillation was induced in 18 pigs. Conventional CPR was performed as a control (CPR(C)) for 5 min. Pauses were then discontinued, and animals were assigned randomly to receive alternate trials of uninterrupted chest compressions at a rate of 80/min without IPPV, either at atmospheric airway pressure (CPR(ATM)) or with CPAP (CPR(CPAP)). CPAP was adjusted to produce a minute ventilation of 75% of the animal's baseline ventilation. Data were summarized as mean +/- SD and compared with Student t test for paired observations. Results During CPR without IPPV, CPAP decreased PaCO2 (55+/-28 vs. 100+/-16 mmHg) and increased SaO2 (0.86+/-0.19 vs. 0.50+/-0.18%; P < 0.001). CPAP also increased arteriovenous oxygen content difference (10.7+/-3.1 vs. 5.5+/-2.3 ml/dl blood) and CO2 elimination (120+/-20 vs. 12+/-20 ml/min; P < 0.01). Differences between CPR(CPAP) and CPR(ATM) in aortic blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume were not significant. Conclusions Mechanical ventilation may not be necessary during CPR as long as CPAP is applied. Discontinuation of IPPV will simplify CPR and may offer physiologic advantage.
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Naser, Nabil, and Nura Hadziomerovic. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." International Journal on Biomedicine and Healthcare 7, no. 2 (2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijbh.2019.7.71-74.
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Ishida, Tsuguharu, and Kenichi Oku. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi 2, no. 1 (1991): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3893/jjaam.2.1.
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Ringold, Sarah. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." JAMA 293, no. 3 (January 19, 2005): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.3.388.
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Kazkaz, Sara, Zubaria Altaf, Pocholo Isidro, and Almunzer Zakaria. "Describing the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Factors and Outcomes." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 5, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/085.
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This study is a retrospective, descriptive review of all cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts at Al Wakra Hospital (AWH) conducted for one year i.e. 1st Jan 2020 to 31st Dec 2020. AWH is a 329-bedded, multispecialty secondary care facility, part of Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar’s Governmental Healthcare organization in Qatar. In 2020, AWH had 11,862 inpatient admissions which are inclusive of Adult, Pediatric, Neonatal, Geriatric populations. There were also 1,184 admissions to the different Intensive Care Units (Medical, Surgical, Pediatric, and Neonatal). AWH has a Rapid Response Team (RRT) and Code Blue (CPR) team which is responsible for the respective codes. Code Blue team comprises one ICU Physician, one Respiratory Therapist, one Registered Nurse, all trained in Advanced Life Support. All CPR attempts were documented and recorded in CPR Record Sheets which were reviewed and the Electronic Medical Records (Cerner) were sourced for data gathering. One copy of CPR record sheets was kept in Cerner (Patient File) and one was sent to the Quality department for review/audit. After obtaining the list of CPR attempts over 2020, patients were identified, and medical records reviewed. The parameters recorded were demographic information, location, comorbidities and other relevant history, duration of CPR, initial CPR outcome, patient disposition, patient status on disposition (quality of life), etc. All these variables were considered to support the objective of this study i.e. to perform a descriptive analysis of in-hospital CPR. Based on the analysis of 110 patients for whom CPR was done, the percentage of immediate survival on the initial CPR was 53.64%. However, only 8.18% were eventually discharged to home while 11.82% were discharged to other HMC facilities.
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Goodrich, Cindy. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 20, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2009-4011.
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Dismal survival statistics associated with sudden cardiac arrest have led to the development of new strategies and mechanical devices aimed at improving the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The most recent American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care were published in 2005. Major changes included revisions to current practices related to airway and ventilation, circulation, and defibrillation management. Greater emphasis is placed on providing simple, high-quality, effective CPR. New techniques and mechanical devices have been developed to augment CPR, hopefully improving survival rates and long-term outcomes. These include active compression-decompression CPR, Lund University Cardiac Assist System, LifeBelt, AutoPulse, and the impedance threshold device. This article focuses on current strategies aimed at improving survival rates for patients with sudden cardiac arrest. New techniques and mechanical devices developed to augment cardiopulmonary resuscitation will be discussed. These strategies will most likely shape future resuscitation practices.
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Banu, Shahajahan, Sudha Anbalagan, and Sumathi Ganesan. "Awareness of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Among General Public." Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 3 (2019): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311x.5319.6.
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Swieszkowski, Sandra, and Julio Lewkowicz. "Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 86, no. 5 (October 2018): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.v86.i5.13862.
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Dracup, Kathleen. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training." Archives of Internal Medicine 146, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1986.00360210139020.
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Han, Kap Su, Sung Woo Lee, Kwang Hoon Park, Jong Su Park, Jae Seung Jung, Cheol Woong Yu, and Su Jin Kim. "Concealed resuscitation-related injuries as reversible cause of recurrent arrest following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation." CJEM 19, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.389.
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AbstractA life-threatening cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-related injury can cause recurrent arrest after return of circulation. Such injuries are difficult to identify during resuscitation, and their contribution to failed resuscitation can be missed given the limitations of conventional CPR. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), increasingly being considered for selected patients with potentially reversible etiology of arrest, may identify previously occult CPR-related injuries by restoring arterial pressure and flow. Herein, we describe two cases of severe CPR-related injuries contributing to recurrent arrest. Each case had ECPR implemented within 60 minutes of the start of CPR. After the presumed cardiac etiology had been addressed with percutaneous coronary intervention, life-threatening cardiovascular injuries with recurrent arrest were noted, and resuscitative thoracotomy was performed under ECPR. One patient survived to hospital discharge.ECPR may provide an opportunity to identify and correct severe resuscitation-related injuries causing recurrent arrest. Chest compression depth >6 cm, especially in older women, may contribute to these injuries.
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Borobov, Yu M., A. A. Samsonova, D. Yu Lapushkin, Z. Zaripova, M. O. Solovieva, and D. Yu Astakhova. "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in obese patients." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 16, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2020-16-1-21-28.
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Objective: an analysis of literature covering the effects of morbid obesity on various aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its outcomes. Currently, there is no specific standard for CPR in morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≤ 30). Significant constitutional, anatomical, and physiological factors can lead to negative treatment outcomes in people with significant excess weight. The review presents study results evaluating the effectiveness of the essential components of CPR in obese patients. In particular, it discusses issues of indirect cardiac massage and defibrillation, airway management and ventilation, venous access, and pharmacokinetics of drugs used during CPR. It demonstrates that CPR in obese patients has its own characteristics not mentioned in official recommendations and guidelines.
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Niranjana, Ms E. "Automatic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5018.
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Dalri, Maria Celia Barcellos, Izilda Esmenia Muglia Araújo, Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira Silveira, Silvia Rita Marin da Silva Canini, and Regilene Molina Zacareli Cyrillo. "New guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 6 (December 2008): 1060–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000600020.
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Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) poses a severe threat to life; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represents a challenge for research and assessment by nurses and their team. This study presents the most recent international recommendations for care in case of cardiopulmonary heart arrest, based on the 2005 Guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA). These CPR guidelines are based on a large-scale review process, organized by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). High-quality basic and advanced CPR maneuvers can save lives.
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Meuret, G. H., and H. Themann. "Calcium Antagonism in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065699.
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Drugs for CPR need reinvestigation; at the present time their use is as much an art as a science (14). American Heart Associations standards and guidelines and other recommendations for CPR call for the administration of 500 mg CaC12 i.v. routinely, in attempts to resuscitate patients with asystole or electromechanical dissociation (1). However, calcium's popularity for use in restarting the arrested heart has fallen (3,6,14).There is a lack of evidence in the literature for calcium's supposed beneficial role in cardiac resuscitation. Calcium in combination with epinephrine — the traditional drug of choice in CPR — was not experimentally investigated before. On the other hand, the effects of calcium antagonists were never examined in CPR, but several theoretical considerations seemed to favor their use. However, a proposed use of calcium antagonists during CPR would lead to the withdrawal of current recommendations for the use of calcium.
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Becker, Torben K., Sarah S. Gul, Scott A. Cohen, Carolina B. Maciel, Jacqueline Baron-Lee, Travis W. Murphy, Teddy S. Youn, et al. "Public perception towards bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 11 (August 31, 2019): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208234.
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ObjectiveBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) improves survival and neurological outcomes. Nonetheless, many OHCA patients do not receive bystander CPR during a witnessed arrest. Our aim was to identify potential barriers to bystander CPR.MethodsParticipants at CPR training events conducted in the USA between February and May 2018 answered a 14-question survey prior to training. Respondents were asked about their overall comfort level performing CPR, and about potential concerns specific to performing CPR on a middle-aged female, a geriatric male, and male and female adolescent patients. Open-ended responses were analysed qualitatively by categorising responses into themes.ResultsOf the 677 participants, 582 (86.0%) completed the survey, with 509 (88.1%) between 18 and 29 years of age, 341 (58.6%) without prior CPR training and 556 (96.0%) without prior CPR experience. Across all four scenarios of patients in cardiac arrest, less than 65% of respondents reported that they would be ‘Extremely Likely’ (20.6%–29.1%) or ‘Moderately Likely’ (26.9%–34.8%) to initiate CPR. The leading concerns were ‘causing injury to patient’ for geriatric (n=193, 63.1%), female (n=51, 20.5%) and adolescent (n=148, 50.9%) patients. Lack of appropriate skills was the second leading concern when the victim was a geriatric (n=41, 13.4%) or adolescent (n=68, 23.4%) patient, whereas for female patients, 35 (14.1%) were concerned about exposing the patient or the patient’s breasts interfering with performance of CPR and 15 (6.0%) were concerned about being accused of sexual assault. Significant differences were observed in race, ethnicity and age regarding the likelihood of starting to perform CPR on female and adolescent patients.ConclusionsParticipants at CPR training events have multiple concerns and fears related to performing bystander CPR. Causing additional harm and lack of skills were among the leading reservations reported. These findings should be considered for improved CPR training and public education.
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Al Atbi, Al Yaqdhan Hamdan, Amal Al Mandhari, and Abdullah Al Reesi. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Induced Consciousness: A Case Report." Oman Medical Journal 37, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): e356-e356. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2021.51.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation induced consciousness is a very rare phenomenon where patients who are in cardiac arrest and undergoing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) express signs of consciousness such as talking, making purposeful limb movements, and opening eyes. This phenomenon leads to frequent CPR interruptions and put the CPR team under psychological pressure, impacting the quality of the resuscitation proceedings. We report presents the case of a 49-year-old man who presented with ischemic chest pain, and then had a witnessed in-hospital cardiac arrest. During the CPR, he gave intermittent signs of consciousness despite the absence of return of spontaneous circulation. The CPR team had to restrain, sedate, and intubate the patient to facilitate the resuscitation process.
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Youness, Houssein, Tarek Al Halabi, Hussein Hussein, Ahmed Awab, Kellie Jones, and Jean Keddissi. "Review and Outcome of Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Critical Care Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7384649.
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The maximal duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is unknown. We report a case of prolonged CPR. We have then reviewed all published cases with CPR duration equal to or more than 20 minutes. The objective was to determine the survival rate, the neurological outcome, and the characteristics of the survivors.Measurements and Main Results. The CPR data for 82 patients was reviewed. The median duration of CPR was 75 minutes. Patients mean age was 43 ± 21 years with no significant comorbidities. The main causes of the cardiac arrests were myocardial infarction (29%), hypothermia (21%), and pulmonary emboli (12%). 74% of the arrests were witnessed, with a mean latency to CPR of 2 ± 6 minutes and good quality chest compression provided in 96% of the cases. Adjunct therapy included extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (18%), thrombolysis (15.8%), and rewarming for hypothermia (19.5%). 83% were alive at 1 year, with full neurological recovery reported in 63 patients.Conclusion. Patients undergoing prolonged CPR can survive with good outcome. Young age, myocardial infarction, and potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest such as hypothermia and pulmonary emboli predict a favorable result, especially when the arrest is witnessed and followed by prompt and good resuscitative efforts.
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Alifimoff, J. K., K. Stajduhar, P. Safar, N. Bircher, R. Steinberg, M. Sotosky, P. McNulty, and W. Stezoski. "Rationale for Open-Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065730.
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Present national and international guidelines for resuscitation call for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instead of standard external CPR under the following circumstances associated with pulselessness:1) chest already open;2) penetrating thoracic trauma;3) suspected intrathoracic hemorrhage;4) suspected pulmonary embolism (thoracotomy permits disruption or removal of emboli);5) deep hypothermia (open chest allows direct warming of the heart for defibrillation); and6) no palpable artificial pulse during standard external CPR basic life support, as is sometimes encountered in cases of barrel chest or spine deformities.We will present evidence in support of a 7th indication, that is when standard external CPR advanced life support efforts do not result in the prompt restoration of spontaneous circulation, as may be the case after prolonged unwitnessed cardiac arrest or in patients with severe myocardial disease.Historically, open-chest CPR has been used effectively to reverse cardiac arrest in laboratory animals since the 1980s and in patients since 1900. We conducted interviews with Drs. DelGuercio, Johnson, Stephenson and Leighninger (for Beck), who have had extensive experience with open-chest CPR. All confirmed personal experience of one of us (PS) with open-chest CPR in the 1950s, and anecdotal reports, that during direct cardiac massage, the heart usually regained color, spontaneous breathing returned, survivors had a very low incidence of neurologic deficit, and complications were almost non-existent. Stephenson's review of 1200 cases of open-chest CPR hospital-wide between 1900 and 1950 (1) report an overall recovery rate of 30%. However, after Kouwenhoven's report on closed-chest CPR in 1960 (2), open-chest CPR became a forgotten art.
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Li, Xiang. "On the essence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation." F1000Research 11 (May 19, 2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.121825.1.
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This article discusses that the essence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is energy transfer. The concept of occult cardiac arrest is proposed, and cardioversion after cardiac arrest is divided into spontaneous cardioversion and CPR according to the principle of energy transfer: the internal energy transmission of the body makes the cardioversion that is known as spontaneous cardioversion, and energy is mainly transfers from the outside leads to cardioversion, that is, CPR. The concept of domain energy in CPR is proposed, and it is argued that only energy transfer beyond the domain energy can lead to cardioversion in both spontaneous cardioversion and CPR. The principle of energy transfer is used to explain the common clinical electrocardiographic phenomena: dysrhythmia can occur when the energy required for the cardiac functions is insufficient, it is a manifestation of self-protection of the heart and the body, and the mechanism is further argued. It is demonstrated that serious cardiac events, such as ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, are special types of cardiac self-protection. The mechanisms, general rules, and energy properties of modern CPR energy transfer are described, and the influence and interaction of energy transfer principle on the three states of time, space, and energy transfer during CPR are assessed, which will be significant for future research on CPR.
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Taher, A. K., S. Lin, A. Turgulov, J. E. Buick, A. Byers, I. Drennan, S. Hu, and L. J. Morrison. "MP027: Automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality data abstraction for complete episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.168.
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Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality assurance and research has traditionally been limited to the first five minutes of resuscitation due to significant costs in time, resources and personnel from manual data abstraction. Moreover, CPR quality can be affected during prolonged resuscitations, which represents significant knowledge gaps. The objective of this study was to develop a software program to help automate the abstraction of CPR quality data from electronic defibrillators. Methods: We developed a software program to facilitate and help automate data abstraction from electronic defibrillator files for entire resuscitation episodes. Internal validation of the software program was performed on 50 randomly selected cardiac arrest cases with resuscitation durations of up to 60 minutes. CPR quality data variables such as number of ventilations, number of compressions, minute compression rate, minute compression depth, minute compression fraction, minute end-tidal CO2, were manually abstracted independently by two trained data abstractors and by the automated software program. Error rates and the time needed for data abstraction were measured. Results: A total of 9826 data points were abstracted. Manual data abstraction resulted in a total of six errors (0.06%) compared to zero errors by the software program. The mean time ± SD needed for manual data abstraction was 20.3 ± 2.7 minutes compared to 5.3 ± 1.4 minutes using the software program (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our CPR quality data abstraction software was 100% accurate in abstracting CPR quality data for complete resuscitation episodes and showed a significant reduction in data abstraction duration. This software will enable quality assurance programs and future cardiac arrest studies to evaluate the impact of CPR quality during prolonged resuscitations.
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Sriharan, Sindujen, Gemma Kay, Jimmy C. Y. Lee, Ross D. Pollock, and Thais Russomano. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Hypogravity Simulation." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5733.2021.
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BACKGROUND: Limited research exists into extraterrestrial CPR, despite the drive for interplanetary travel. This study investigated whether the terrestrial CPR method can provide quality external chest compressions (ECCs) in line with the 2015 UK resuscitation guidelines during ground-based hypogravity simulation. It also explored whether gender, weight, and fatigue influence CPR quality.METHODS: There were 21 subjects who performed continuous ECCs for 5 min during ground-based hypogravity simulations of Mars (0.38 G) and the Moon (0.16 G), with Earths gravity (1 G) as the control. Subjects were unloaded using a body suspension device (BSD). ECC depth and rate, heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (Vo2), and Borg scores were measured.RESULTS: ECC depth was lower in 0.38 G (42.9 9 mm) and 0.16 G (40.8 9 mm) compared to 1 G and did not meet current resuscitation guidelines. ECC rate was adequate in all gravity conditions. There were no differences in ECC depth and rate when comparing gender or weight. ECC depth trend showed a decrease by min 5 in 0.38 G and by min 2 in 0.16 G. Increases in HR, VE, and Vo2 were observed from CPR min 1 to min 5.DISCUSSION: The terrestrial method of CPR provides a consistent ECC rate but does not provide adequate ECC depths in simulated hypogravities. The results suggest that a mixed-gender space crew of varying bodyweights may not influence ECC quality. Extraterrestrial-specific CPR guidelines are warranted. With a move to increasing ECC rate, permitting lower ECC depths and substituting rescuers after 1 min in lunar gravity and 4 min in Martian gravity is recommended.Sriharan S, Kay G, Lee JCY, Pollock RD, Russomano T. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hypogravity simulation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):106112.
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Bhattacharya, Deepanjan, Pratap Patra, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, and Ankur Kumar Jindal. "Tear of long head of biceps following cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a rare complication." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 5 (May 2019): e229218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229218.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is uncommon in routine practice of a paediatrician and injuries arising out of CPR are extremely rare especially in those involving children. A 41-year-old senior resident of paediatrics performed CPR on a young boy, following which he complained of pain in the left shoulder with restriction of all movements and flexion of the left elbow. MRI of the left shoulder revealed tear of the long head of biceps brachii, soft tissue oedema in left deltoid muscle and mild effusion in left glenohumeral joint with extension into subcapsularis bursa. He was treated conservatively with analgesics, following which there was significant improvement and full recovery of shoulder movements. Injuries to the resuscitator have been rarely reported in literature and mostly limited to adult CPR. We report this case to highlight an unusual complication to resuscitator transpiring from paediatric resuscitation.
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Zhao, Yu-Xiang. "Interactive Teaching Aid Kit for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081515.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure performed on a person experiencing cardiac arrest to manually preserve brain function until spontaneous breathing and blood circulation can be restored. If performed timely and properly, it can improve the survival rate of a person experiencing cardiac arrest. The promotion of CPR has always been an important task for countries around the world. Countries around the world often hold relevant study camps and seminars to improve the public’s awareness of CPR. On the basis of this rationale, this paper proposes an interactive teaching aid kit for CPR that uses a CPR manikin and tutoring software to facilitate CPR learning among trainees. The CPR manikin is equipped with sensors that determine whether the CPR steps are performed correctly. Data from the sensors are sent to the tutoring software through wireless transmission. The software provides video demonstrations and textual instructions concerning the standard CPR procedure. In this software, the interactive interface displays real-time information about the trainee’s CPR process, such as information on the CPR step being performed and the number of chest compression and breaths given. Thus, this teaching aid kit allows trainees to learn CPR without an instructor. This system may enable CPR to become a readily learnable skill for the general population.
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Nedelea, Paul-Lucian, Mihaela Corlade-Andrei, Cristina Kantor, Ovidiu Tudor Popa, Emilian Manolescu, and Diana Cimpoeșu. "Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Emergency Medical Staff—Romanian Perspective (IRESUS-EMS)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 5707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195707.
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Background: Unnecessary resuscitation is defined as putting in a disproportionate amount of effort compared to the patients’ prognosis and chance of survival. The primary objective of this study was to determine the number of resuscitations perceived as unnecessary by emergency medical personnel and to correlate it with the characteristics of resuscitation team members, patient particularities and organizational factors related to the professional environment. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of a university hospital, exploring the perception of the uselessness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) through the completion of a questionnaire. Results: In total, 70.37% of respondents are often involved in CPR attempts in which the efforts made are disproportionate compared to the patients’ expected prognosis, in terms of survival or quality of life. The presence of a non-shockable rhythm increased, by two times, the chances of medical staff finding it unnecessary to initiate CPR. Conclusions: The current study was the first in Romania to investigate the perception of unnecessary CPR, based on the recollection of the last resuscitation performed by the emergency medical staff. The objective criteria related to the patient were the most important predictors for assessing the adequacy of the decision to initiate CPR.
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Jovanović, Isidora, Sanja Ratković, Adi Hadžibegović, Tijana Todorčević, Snežana Komnenović, and Marija Milenković. "Role of ultrasound in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Ultrasound CPR." Serbian Journal of Anesthesia and Intensive Therapy 43, no. 1-2 (2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjait2102031j.
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Ultrasound has predictive value of identification and management of reversible causes of cardiac arrest on the outcome after applied CPR, in terms of ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation) and the hospital discharge and neurological findings after applied CPR measures. Ultrasound is used in all phases of resuscitation including period before cardiac arrest, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and in the period after that. Ultrasound use during CPR offers numerous advantages including non-invasiveness, easiness, the short time for examination and a safe possibility for a repeat test whenever it is needed. Focused Echocardiography Examination in Life support (FEEL) and Focused Echocardiographic Evaluation in Resuscitation (FEER) protocols are mostly used when we talk about heart examination in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Durga, Padmaja, Shibani Padhy, and Anupama Bardaa. "Challenges of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Pregnancy." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 04, no. 01 (February 2019): 032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692304.
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AbstractCardiac arrest, though rare, is the most feared complication in the pregnant woman as it involves two lives. Most arrests occur because of conditions that result from the pregnancy itself or from preexisting medical conditions exacerbated by the pregnancy. Prompt resuscitative efforts are crucial for favorable outcomes for the mother and fetus. The basic principles of resuscitation during pregnancy such as airway, breathing, and circulation are similar to the resuscitation in a cardiopulmonary arrest in any patient; however, certain modifications are necessary to account for the physiologic changes that occur during the pregnancy. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of the parturient should include uterine tilt or displacement to relieve the compression of the inferior vena cava and aorta by the gravid uterus, intubation using rapid sequence intubation with cricoid pressure, and timely perimortem cesarean section (PMCS). Ideally, the PMCS must be performed within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest if the pregnant woman does not have a return of spontaneous circulation, and resuscitation is deemed unsuccessful. The PMCS is performed if the gestational age is at least 20 weeks or the gravid uterus is evident. A high-quality CPR and multispecialty team approach, consisting of obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, neonatologists, and nursing staff, is essential for survival.
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Fanning, A., P. Naughton, T. Gifney, and M. McCarroll. "A new method for single resuscitator cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)." Resuscitation 34, no. 2 (April 1997): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(97)84254-2.
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Feri Ekaprasetia and Eky Madyaningtyas. "High Quality CPR Pada Alumni Keperawatan STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37413/jmakia.v11i1.123.
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ABSTRAK
High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation sangat dibutuhkan dalam menambah angka harapan hidup pasien dengan henti jantung. Pemantapan materi High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation di kuliah menjadi dasar pengetahuan dan ketermapilan mahasiswa ketika sudah bekerja di tatanan klinik untuk melakukan High Quality CPR . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation pada alumni keperawatan STIKES. Dr. Soebandi Jember. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik Sampel penelitian ini melibatkan 48 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling selama 1 bulan. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan google form. Hasilnya adalah 100% responden pernah mengikuti pelatihan kegawatdaruratan, 77,1% responden bekerja di klinik/rumah sakit, 81,3% responden pernah melakukan CPR pada pasien dan pengetahuan responden tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation masih di bawah nilai 100, yaitu rata-rata pengetahuan dengan nilai 75,83. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation perlu ditingkatkan dengan pemantapan materi pada saat tahap kuliah di program sarjana keperawatan.
Kata Kunci : High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Henti Jantung, Alumni Keperawatan
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Feri Ekaprasetia and Eky Madyaningtyas. "High Quality CPR Pada Alumni Keperawatan STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37413/jmakia.v11i1.147.
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ABSTRAK
High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation sangat dibutuhkan dalam menambah angka harapan hidup pasien dengan henti jantung. Pemantapan materi High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation di kuliah menjadi dasar pengetahuan dan ketermapilan mahasiswa ketika sudah bekerja di tatanan klinik untuk melakukan High Quality CPR . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation pada alumni keperawatan STIKES. Dr. Soebandi Jember. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik Sampel penelitian ini melibatkan 48 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling selama 1 bulan. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan google form. Hasilnya adalah 100% responden pernah mengikuti pelatihan kegawatdaruratan, 77,1% responden bekerja di klinik/rumah sakit, 81,3% responden pernah melakukan CPR pada pasien dan pengetahuan responden tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation masih di bawah nilai 100, yaitu rata-rata pengetahuan dengan nilai 75,83. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation perlu ditingkatkan dengan pemantapan materi pada saat tahap kuliah di program sarjana keperawatan.
Kata Kunci : High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Henti Jantung, Alumni Keperawatan
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Kong, Se-Jin, and Jin-Hyun Kim. "Kinematic Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR)." Korean Society of Physiological and Anthropological Science 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26469/jpas.2017.1.2.19.
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Bossaert, L., and R. Van Hoeywegen. "Evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques." Resuscitation 17 (January 1989): S99—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9572(89)90094-4.
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Bircher, N., and P. Safar. "New Versus Old External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065742.
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Since standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SCPR) cannot reliably preserve the brain during resuscitation, a “New” CPR has been proposed, which seeks to augment blood flow by increasing peak intrathoracic pressure (ITP) during chest compression. This “New” CPR (NCPR) consists of a) high pressure ventilation (70-110 cmH2O) simultaneous with chest compression, b) compression rate of 40/min, c) compression duration of 60% of the compression relaxation cycle, and d) abdominal binding. Although laboratory evidence suggests that NCPR may be capable of augmenting cerebral blood flow (1), the effect on cerebral outcome remains to be demonstrated.Although the hemodynamic superiority of open-chest CPR has long been recognized, its advantages with respect to the brain have only recently been recognized. It can reliably sustain EEC activity and pupillary light reflexes during CPR (2) as well as providing better cerebral blood flow (3,4). The objective of this two phase study was to establish the relative efficacy of standard, “new,” and open-chest CPR with respect to preserving the brain during CPR.The objective of phase I of this study was to compare standard and “New” CPR with respect to maintenance of hemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral variables during prolonged resuscitation. Methods: Ten 10-15 kg dogs were anesthetized with halothane and 50% N2O/O2. Catheters were placed in the carotid artery, aortic arch, right atrium, external jugular vein and the sagittal sinus. An electromagnetic flowprobe was placed on the common carotid artery. Intracranial pressure was monitored with a subdural catheter. EEG electrodes were secured to the skull.
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Kalkman, Shona, Lotty Hooft, Johanne M. Meijerman, Johannes T. A. Knape, and Johannes J. M. van Delden. "Survival after Perioperative Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Anesthesiology 124, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000873.
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Abstract Automatic suspension of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders during general anesthesia does not sufficiently address a patient’s right to self-determination and is a practice still observed among anesthesiologists today. To provide an evidence base for ethical management of DNR orders during anesthesia and surgery, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature to quantify the survival after perioperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Results show that the probability of surviving perioperative CPR ranged from 32.0 to 55.7% when measured within the first 24 h after arrest with a neurologically favorable outcome expectancy between 45.3 and 66.8% at follow-up, which suggests a viable survival of approximately 25%. Because CPR generally proves successful in less than 15% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, the altered outcome probabilities that the conditions in the operating room bring on warrant reevaluation of DNR orders during the perioperative period. By preoperatively communicating the evidence to patients, they can make better informed decisions while reducing the level of moral distress that anesthesiologists may experience when certain patients decide to retain their DNR orders.
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Wong, Xiang Yi, Qiao Fan, Nur Shahidah, Carl Ross De Souza, Shalini Arulanandam, Yih Yng Ng, Wei Ming Ng, Benjamin Sieu-Hon Leong, Michael Yih Chong Chia, and Marcus Eng Hock Ong. "Impact of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and myResponder mobile app on bystander resuscitation." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020458.
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Introduction: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) is associated with improved out-ofhospital cardiac arrest survival. Community-level interventions including dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) and myResponder were implemented to increase B-CPR. We sought to assess whether these interventions increased B-CPR. Methods: The Singapore out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry captured cases that occurred between 2010 and 2017. Outcomes occurring in 3 time periods (Baseline, DA-CPR, and DA-CPR plus myResponder) were compared. Segmented regression of time-series data was conducted to investigate our intervention impact on the temporal changes in B-CPR. Results: A total of 13,829 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases were included from April 2010 to December 2017. Higher B-CPR rates (24.8% versus 50.8% vs 64.4%) were observed across the 3 time periods. B-CPR rates showed an increasing but plateauing trend. DA-CPR implementation was significantly associated with an increased B-CPR (level odds ratio [OR] 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79–2.88; trend OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04), while no positive change was detected with myResponder (level OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82–1.11; trend OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00). Conclusion: B-CPR rates in Singapore have been increasing alongside the implementation of community-level interventions such as DA-CPR and myResponder. DA-CPR was associated with improved odds of receiving B-CPR over time while the impact of myResponder was less clear.
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Fadiah, Elyana, Rismia Agustina, and Oski Illiandri. "Nurse Knowledge About High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v2i2.843.
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High quality CPR is administering CPR with the standarts already specified by the American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 which consists of 5 main components. Based on the data obtained, as many as 3 people nurses said forgot about the depth of CPR and 1 the same nurse said forgot about the frequency of CPR. Nursing knowledge of high quality CPR is essential, in order to improve the effectiveness of action implementation. This study aims to determine of nurse’s knowledge about high quality CPR at IGD RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. This research is a descriptive with cross-sectional method and sample of 34 people taken with total sampling technique. Instrument used in the form of questionnaires knowledge about the procedure of giving CPR and high quality CPR. Nursing knowledge level about high quality of CPR is less 1 (2,9%), enough 6 (17,6%) and good 27 (79,4%). The nurse's knowledge of high quality CPR is good, but it needs to be refreshed on CPR in order to improve the service for the better.
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Alexandrovich, Yuriy S., and Konstantin V. Pshenisnov. "Modern principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric practice." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped715-15.
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Quality improvement of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most urgent problems in pediatric anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care. Despite the fact that in recent years the number of surviving children after cardiopulmonary resuscitation is constantly increasing, the number of young children among them, still small, which requires further improvement of provision of intensive care, especially in the pre-hospital stage. In the last two decades the protocols of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are regularly changed and supplemented every five years, which helps to improve outcomes of resuscitative measures. In October/November 2015 came the next recommendations of American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council for basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children, which is reflected in this article. Using these recommendations will significantly improve the quality of the provision of intensive care to children and contribute to a more favorable neurological outcome even after a sudden circulatory arrest. This publication reflects the epidemiological evidence on the effectiveness and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric practice, the modern principles of basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children are considered in detail, special attention is given to the use of drugs and defibrillation during resuscitation. Excerpts from the regulating documents governing the termination of resuscitation and ascertaining biological death are presented in this article.
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Mkiramweni, Mbazingwa, Georgia Rugumira, and Napendael Msangi. "Design and Implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Simulation Model." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v41i4.800.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure that can multiply a person's chances of survival after a cardiac arrest. The effectiveness of CPR procedures is heavily influenced by the individual skills of the rescuer providing assistance. Chest compressions delivered at an appropriate depth and rate, allowing full chest recoil and with minimal interruptions, are critical for improving cardiac arrest survival. The lack of quality CPR training models in developing countries has a significant impact on the quality of CPR training and skills acquired. Therefore, in this paper, we aim at improving CPR training by designing a high-fidelity CPR training manikin. The model includes a feedback mechanism for monitoring CPR performance status to allow for effective practice and rehearsal until required CPR skills are acquired. An in-depth study of existing training systems was conducted to ensure the proper design of the proposed system. The test results show that the designed manikin prototype analyses the quality of CPR performance and provides appropriate feedback to the trainee. The model can be used for training medical students and other practitioners to correctly perform CPR.
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Amatya, M., and B. Gorkhali. "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: knowledge amongst Nepalese health personnel." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 3, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v3i1.15372.
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Background and Objectives: The role of effective basic life support (BLS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is established. Reports on CPR knowledge assessment in Nepal are few and underline the gross lack of CPR knowledge.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among residents, students, and teachers in a few Nepalese health institutions. A questionnaire based on BLS guidelines 2010 was used, incorporating total 30 questions.Results: Total 145 complete responses (63 females, 82 males) were obtained and analyzed. Mean and median of correct answers was 18 out of 30 (60%, range 3-26); 9% could identify the correct sequence of action from a given set of 7 CPR steps. By ANOVA, score correlated significantly with the background of person (scores highest 19 in ‘clinical’ group and 18 in ‘dentistry’ to 16.38 in ‘nursing’ and 15.09 in ‘non-clinical’; p=0.000) but not with other variables (sex, age, designation, academic degree, institution, and previous CPR training).Conclusion: Lack in CPR knowledge and awareness are reported worldwide. Findings of this study are similar. Although those with clinical background had better knowledge, poor correlations with other variables indicate lack of importance being given to CPR knowledge and skill by most people, even those working in big health institutions of the country.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (1):25-30
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So, H. Y., T. A. Buckley, and T. E. Oh. "Factors Affecting Outcome following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 22, no. 6 (December 1994): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9402200602.
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Many patients who receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest do not survive to leave hospital. Factors associated with adverse outcomes include unwitnessed cardiac arrest in general wards, particularly at night, prolonged resuscitation, asystole, associated disorders (e.g. sepsis, malignancy, renal failure, and left ventricular dysfunction), absent pupillary responses, hypoxaemia, low PetCO2 during resuscitation, and severe acid base imbalance. Outside hospitals, cardiac arrests result in more favourable outcomes if they occur at work, and bystander CPR and early defibrillation are initiated. On admission to ICU, likely predictors of death or severe neurological disability include prolonged coma, impaired brainstem reflexes, and persistent convulsions. Experience with cerebrospinal fluid enzymes and electrophysiological measurements is limited. Multivariate scoring systems are not sufficiently reliable. The importance of hyperglycaemia, the required level of CPR training, and the appropriateness of responding to some cases, remain debatable.
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Hilmy Zaki, Farah Syazwani, Noraini Hashim, Kok Wai Soo, and Anggriana Tri Widiyanti. "Exploration of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A conceptual paper." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 22 (November 30, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i22.4141.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) flow interventions are required as pediatric CPR tends to be chaotic, and documentation systems are inclined to adults. This paper presents the conceptual framework for exploring CPR and evaluating the Resuscitation Feedback Form of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Institut Jantung Negara. The theory of Planned Behaviour will be used in this study to explore team members' thoughts about PICU CPR and documentation. The case study method will be used to explore two CPR events. The expected findings are the comments from team members on PICU CPR weaknesses and inputs in improving the documentation. Keywords: pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1; Resuscitation Feedback Form 2; Theory of Planned Behaviour 3 eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i22.4141
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Chauhan, Jalpakunvarba Prabhatsinh, and Hemal Patel. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Knowledge among Physiotherapy Students in Ahmedabad." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220308.
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Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation reduces cardiac arrests and associated deaths when patients receive prompt CPR from trained healthcare professionals. Physiotherapists, using exercise as a therapeutic approach, need to have good CPR knowledge and skills not only to deal with possible adverse cardiac events during exercise but also because the widespread application of CPR and early defibrillation can significantly reduce mortality from a heart attack. In this study, we assessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge among physiotherapy students in Ahmedabad. Aims and Objective: This study aimed to assess CPR knowledge among physiotherapy students in Ahmedabad. Method: A cross-sectional study of physiotherapy students in Ahmedabad was conducted. An online survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire. The data was collected from 191 physiotherapy students in Ahmedabad aged 18-25 years. A CPR knowledge questionnaire was completed by the students and the result was analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: Our results suggest that the students were a good understanding of the importance of CPR in clinical practice and stand average in knowing its indications and effectiveness. Whereas, only 4.18% of them were completely aware of the universal compression ventilation ratio, and 38.21% were aware of the current order of CPR being compression, airway, and breathing. Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that awareness of CPR is good among physiotherapy students in Ahmedabad. Key words: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge, Physiotherapy Students, Awareness of CPR.
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Lannon, R., and ST O'Keeffe. "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in older people – a review." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 20, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259809990438.
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SummarySurvival to discharge after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is about 20% in those aged 65–69 years, declining with advancing age to about 10% in those aged 90 years or more. There are conflicting reports on whether or not advanced age, independent of the severity of acute and chronic illness, is a determinant of outcome. Recognition that the outcome of CPR in hospital patients is often poor has prompted extensive debate regarding the appropriate use of this procedure. In particular, there has been concern about unnecessary CPR in extended-care and hospice settings. Conversely, there has also been evidence that doctors and families may be prone to underestimate the quality of life and likelihood of benefit from CPR in older people and to make resuscitation decisions without considering the preferences of older people themselves. Recent guidelines have attempted to strike a balance between ensuring patient participation whenever possible but without offering illusory choices where CPR is very unlikely to succeed.
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Crul, Jan F., Bart T. J. Neursing, and Ariaen H. E. Zimmerman. "The ABC Sequence of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044605.
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From many recent publications and also from a pathophysiologic standpoint, it has become abundantly clear that probably the most important factor determining the outcome of any attempt at resuscitation is the period of time elapsed between the onset of the calamity and the initiation of “CPR.” In most of the reports on the effects of time-related variables the initiation of effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation is usually not clearly defined.What exactly is meant by “initiation of CPR?” Since 1966 CPR has been instructed according to the “A-B-C-schedule.”
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Pettersen, Trond R., Jan Mårtensson, Åsa Axelsson, Marianne Jørgensen, Anna Strömberg, David R. Thompson, and Tone M. Norekvål. "European cardiovascular nurses’ and allied professionals’ knowledge and practical skills regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 17, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515117745298.
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Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of cardiac arrest, and is directly linked to survival rates. Nurses are often first responders and need to be skilled in the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills deteriorate rapidly, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was an association between participants’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and their practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation test results. Methods: This comparative study was conducted at the 2014 EuroHeartCare meeting in Stavanger ( n=133) and the 2008 Spring Meeting on Cardiovascular Nursing in Malmö ( n=85). Participants performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation for three consecutive minutes CPR training manikins from Laerdal Medical®. Data were collected with a questionnaire on demographics and participants’ level of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Results: Most participants were female (78%) nurses (91%) from Nordic countries (77%), whose main role was in nursing practice (63%), and 71% had more than 11 years’ experience ( n=218). Participants who conducted cardiopulmonary resuscitation training once a year or more ( n=154) performed better regarding ventilation volume than those who trained less (859 ml vs. 1111 ml, p=0.002). Those who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation training offered at their workplace ( n=161) also performed better regarding ventilation volume (889 ml vs. 1081 ml, p=0.003) and compression rate per minute (100 vs. 91, p=0.04) than those who had not. Conclusion: Our study indicates a positive association between participants’ performance on the practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation test and the frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was offered in the workplace. Large ventilation volumes were the most common error at both measuring points.
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Samuel, Sharoon, Brent Brown, Nita Mason, and Tony Abdo. "Grade 4 Liver Laceration after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Case Report." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/asjbccr.6236.
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving medical procedure used in the setting of cessation of cardiac and respiratory function of a patient to maintain vital functions. CPR was developed in the 1950s as mouth to mouth resuscitation. Defibrillation, chest compression and ventilation were added to CPR in 1960. Chest compressions are thought to be the most important aspect of CPR and adequate performance of chest compression is required for successful resuscitation as emphasized in recent guidelines. However, chest compressions may be a source of injury to ribs, sternum, spleen, stomach, or liver. We present a case of a 30-year-old female with end-stage renal disease, hypertension, polysubstance abuse, and GERD who underwent CPR resulting in a grade 4 liver laceration. The new guidelines of Advanced Cardiac Life Support emphasize the need of regular forceful chest compressions during CPR which, although required for proper resuscitation of the patient may result in significant injuries to the viscera as seen in this patient. The aim of this case report is to highlight the possible complications of CPR and its long-term consequences.
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Aty, Yoani Maria Vianney Bita, and Gadur Blasius. "HUBUNGAN PENGALAMAN PERAWAT DAN KEBERHASILAN RESUSITASI JANTUNG PARU DI RUANG IGD,ICU DAN ICCU RSUD PROF.W.Z JOHANNES KUPANG." JURNAL MUTIARA NERS 4, no. 2 (August 14, 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jmn.v4i2.2096.
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Cardiovascular disease is a global threat and is the number one cause of death worldwide. Until now, CPR is a very vital management in cases of cardiac arrest. The results of the initial survey found that nurses often found patients who had cardiac arrest, which required CPR. Some patients were saved and some died. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research on the experience of ER, ICU and ICCU nurses in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between nurses' experience and the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the ER, ICU and ICCU RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang. This research is a quantitative research, correlation study design. The sample used is 41 nurses. Quota sampling technique. Analysis using Chi Square. The results showed that most of the respondents had sufficient experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, namely 37 people (90.8%). Most of the respondents managed to perform CPR, namely 34 people (82.9%). There is a relationship between experience and the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a p value of 0.0001. Suggestions Training for emergency cardiac arrest needs to be carried out routinely to improve the quality of CPR
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Bircher, Nicholas G., and Peter Safar. "Advantages of Open Chest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (OCCPR)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044587.
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Introduction: Although the hemodynamic superiority of open chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation has long been recognized, its advantages with respect to the brain have only recently been investigated. Yashon demonstrated the ability of open chest CPR to maintain EEG activity during prolonged resuscitation. Alifimoff showed improved cerebral reco-very in dogs after open chest CPR. Byrne has demonstrated that internal cardiac massage can provide nearly normal cerebral blood flow in dogs as opposed to the 30% of normal seen during standard CPR, which consists of 60 chest compressions per min with a ventilation interposed after every fifth compression and 50% compression duration.
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Krishtafor, D. A., and D. M. Stanin. "Aspects of modern volunteer training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.3.2021.234803.
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Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) measures can be performed by any trained person in an out-of-hospital setting. The 2020 American Heart Association recommendations simplify the algorithm for non-medical volunteers: to start CPR at the scene, it’s enough to register agonal breathing, and CPR itself can be performed in compression-only mode. These features should be taken into account when teaching volunteers the basics of CPR.
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Meuret, G. H., and M. Mussler. "Disadvantages of Overcorrecting Acidemia in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065705.
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Rapid and repeated administration of concentrated NaHCO3 solutions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has become routine since the advent of modern resuscitation techniques (1), although it has been pointed out since the early 1960s that acidemia results from prolonged arrest time and that brief arrests may not require NaHCO3 administration (6,8,13). In spite of the widespread use of large amounts of NaHCO3 there is no convincing evidence that the routine use of this drug offers a clear benefit. Only a few studies have been undertaken to ascertain the role of acidosis and acidemia in survival from cardiac arrest, and the possibility of overcorrecting with NaHCO3 in CPR cases (3,4,8,11). Therefore, the intention of this study was: 1) to clarify the role of acidemia in CPR; 2) to investigate the effects of overcorrection of acidemia (leading to metabolic alkalemia; 3) to test the accurate doses of NaHCO3; 4) to examine the optimal sequence of drug administration in CPR, i.e., whether NaHCO3 or epinephrine should be administered as the first drug.During attempts at restoring spontaneous circulation (CPCR Phase II, advanced life support) (12), and during post-CPR prolonged life support (CPCR Phase III) (12), measurements were made in dogs following resuscitation from asphyxial cardiac arrest. The model and methods used have been described in the preceding paper of this Journal. Asphyxial cardiac arrest (mechanical asystole, electromechanical dissociation) was reversed with open-chest CPR and defibrillation as necessary to 20 min max.
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Pierce, Edgar F., Norris W. Eastman, Robert W. McGowan, and Mark L. Legnola. "Metabolic Demands and Perceived Exertion during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 1 (February 1992): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.323.
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Emergency situations often require continuous execution of one-person cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for periods of time in excess of 30 minutes. The limited research which has examined the demands of the procedure has focused on central physiological measures, despite (1) the use of a subjective end-point for termination of CPR (i.e., exhaustion) as stated in professional guidelines, and (2) significant peripheral involvement in the form of muscular exertion, a phenomenon more closely linked to Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) than to central factors. To examine subjective responses to performing CPR, 8 healthy, sedentary subjects [ M age = 20.8 (yr.) ± .4; weight (kg) 82.6 ± 7.1; height (cm) 183.7 ± 2.8] reported differentiated Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) following 10 minutes of one-person CPR testing. While metabolic data observed during CPR support previous research suggesting that the energy demands of performing CPR are relatively low, both peripheral and over-all RPE were significantly higher than central (respiratory-metabolic) RPE. Over-all RPE was also significantly greater than peripheral RPE. The data suggest research investigating CPR demands based on central measures may underestimate actual as well as perceived demands of performing the procedure. In addition, the considerable interindividual variability in the relative energy cost (% VO2 max) of performing one-person CPR suggests that the fitness level of the individual may be a limiting factor in the ability to perform CPR for extended periods of time.