Relevant bibliographies by topics / CPRI

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CPRI'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CPRI"

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Smidt, Hauke, Maarten van Leest, John van der Oost, and Willem M. de Vos. "Transcriptional Regulation of the cpr Gene Cluster inortho-Chlorophenol-Respiring Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 5683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.20.5683-5691.2000.

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ABSTRACT To characterize the expression and possible regulation of reductive dehalogenation in halorespiring bacteria, a 11.5-kb genomic fragment containing the o-chlorophenol reductive dehalogenase-encoding cprBA genes of the gram-positive bacterium Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans was subjected to detailed molecular characterization. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of eight designated genes with the ordercprTKZEBACD and with the same polarity except forcprT. The deduced cprC and cprKgene products belong to the NirI/NosR and CRP-FNR families of transcription regulatory proteins, respectively. CprD and CprE are predicted to be molecular chaperones of the GroEL type, whereascprT may encode a homologue of the trigger factor folding catalysts. Northern blot analysis, reverse transcriptase PCR, and primer extension analysis were used to elucidate the transcriptional organization and regulation of the cpr gene cluster. Results indicated halorespiration-specific transcriptional induction of the monocistronic cprT gene and the biscistroniccprBA and cprZE genes. Occasional read-through at cprC gives rise to a tetracistronic cprBACDtranscript. Transcription of cprBA was induced 15-fold upon addition of the o-chlorophenolic substrate 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid within 30 min with concomitant induction of dehalogenation activity. Putative regulatory protein binding motifs that to some extent resemble the FNR box were identified in the cprT-cprK and cprK-cprZ intergenic regions and the promoter at cprB, suggesting a role for FNR-like CprK in the control of expression of thecprTKZEBACD genes.
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Villemur, Richard, Maude Saucier, Annie Gauthier, and Réjean Beaudet. "Occurrence of several genes encoding putative reductive dehalogenases inDesulfitobacterium hafniense/frappieriandDehalococcoides ethenogenes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-057.

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Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1 has the capacity to dehalogenate several halogenated aromatic compounds by reductive dehalogenation, however, the genes encoding the enzymes involved in such processes have not yet been identified. Using a degenerate oligonucleotide corresponding to a conserved sequence of CprA/PceA reductive dehalogenases, a cprA-like gene fragment was amplified by PCR from this bacterial strain. A Delfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1 cosmid library was screened with the PCR product, allowing the cloning and sequencing of a 1.9-kb fragment. This fragment contains a nucleic acid sequence identical to one genomic contig of Desulfitobacterium hafniense, a bacterium closely related to Delfitobacterium frappieri that is also involved in reductive dehalogenation. Other genes related to the Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans cpr locus were identified in this contig. Interestingly, the gene arrangement shows the presence of two copies of cprA-, cprB-, cprC-, cprD-, cprK-, and cprT-related genes, suggesting that gene duplication occurred within this chromosomic region. The screening of Delfitobacterium hafniense genomic contigs with a CprA-deduced amino acid sequence revealed two other cprA-like genes. Microbial genomes available in gene databases were also analyzed for sequences related to CprA/PceA. Two open reading frames encoding other putative reductive dehalogenases in Delfitobacterium hafniense contigs were detected, along with 17 in the Dehalococcoides ethenogenes genome, a bacterium involved in the reductive dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene to ethene. The fact that several gene encoding putative reductive dehalogenases exist in Delfitobacterium hafniense, probably in other members of the genus Desulfitobacterium, and in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes suggests that these bacteria use distinct but related enzymes to achieve the dehalogenation of several chlorinated compounds.Key words: Desulfitobacterium, reductive dehalogenases, halorespiration, chlorinated compounds, gene family.
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Liu, Fushui, Jianyu You, Qi Li, Ting Fang, Mei Chen, Nana Tang, and Xiaojun Yan. "Acupuncture for Chronic Pain-Related Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5381028.

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Objectives. Acupuncture has been widely used to relieve chronic pain-related insomnia (CPRI). However, the efficacy of acupuncture for CPRI is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture for CPRI. Methods. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if acupuncture was compared to sham acupuncture or conventional drug therapies for treating CPRI. Two reviewers screened each study and extracted data independently. Statistical analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results. A total of nine studies involving 944 patients were enrolled. The pooled analysis indicated that acupuncture treatment was significantly better than control group in improving effective rate (OR = 8.09, 95%CI = [4.75, 13.79], P < 0.00001) and cure rate (OR = 3.17, 95%CI = [2.35, 4.29], P < 0.00001), but subgroup analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between acupuncture and sham acupuncture in improving cure rate (OR =10.36, 95% CI [0.53, 201.45], P=0.12) based on one included study. In addition, meta-analysis demonstrated that acupuncture group was superior to control group in debasing PSQI score (MD = -2.65, 95%CI = [-4.00, -1.30], P = 0.0001) and VAS score (MD = -1.44, 95%CI = [-1.58, -1.29], P < 0.00001). And there was no significant difference in adverse events (OR =1.73, 95%CI = [0.92, 3.25], P =0.09) between the two groups. Conclusions. Acupuncture therapy is an effective and safe treatment for CPRI, and this treatment can be recommended for the management of patients with CPRI. Due to the low quality and small sample size of the included studies, more rigorously designed RCTs with high quality and large sample size are recommended in future.
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Poon, Henry C., Roland Carson, Frank Peter, Benjamin Goldberg, and Heinz L. Haust. "The lead program at CPRI." Clinical Biochemistry 22, no. 3 (June 1989): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9120(89)80079-7.

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Gomes, Nathan J., Philippe Chanclou, Peter Turnbull, Anthony Magee, and Volker Jungnickel. "Fronthaul evolution: From CPRI to Ethernet." Optical Fiber Technology 26 (December 2015): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2015.07.009.

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Tonini, Federico, Bahare Khorsandi, Steinar Bjornstad, Raimena Veisllari, and Carla Raffaelli. "C-RAN Traffic Aggregation on Latency-Controlled Ethernet Links." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2018): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112279.

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Centralized/Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) are deployed in converged fixed-mobile networks to exploit the flexibility coming from joint application of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). In this context, optical links connecting C-RAN nodes, possibly based on the Ethernet standards, may carry traffic with different requirements in terms of latency and throughput. This paper considers the problem of traffic aggregation on C-RAN optical Ethernet links with latency control for fronthaul traffic and throughput capability for backhaul traffic. Integrated hybrid network technique is applied to show how time transparency can be enforced for Ethernet encapsulated Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) traffic while allowing statistical multiplexing of backhaul traffic. Simulation results show the effectiveness of segmentation of backhaul traffic to allow exploitation of the available bandwidth even with high capacity CPRI options.
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V, Anuradha, and Shankar R. "Framework Enhancement for Common Public Radio Interface in SBTS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.15859.

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There is a rapid growth of mobile users so there are developing more number of features by a service provider to support more number of mobile users. The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) is an interface between the Radio Equipment Controller (REC) and Radio Equipment (RE) to support more number of users. This simplifies the overall architecture of radio base station. The radio base station is centralized and the radio heads are distributed in the environment. This radio heads supports the more number of users. The main aim of CPRI is to divide the packets into number of frames. The radio frame is divided into the hyper frames and this hyper frame is divided into the number of basic frame in which each basic frame is supported up to 16 words totally it supports up to 6,144 megabytes per second.
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Guo, Bin, Wei Cao, An Tao, and Dragan Samardzija. "LTE/LTE-A signal compression on the CPRI interface." Bell Labs Technical Journal 18, no. 2 (September 2013): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.21608.

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Arunjothi, R., T. Thirumurthy, P. V. Satheesh Kumar, G. K. Raja, and K. P. Meena. "Flame Retardancy of Instrumentation and Control Cables � CPRI�s Experience." Power Research - A Journal of CPRI 14, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33686/pwj.v14i2.144709.

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Si, Hongbo, Boon Loong Ng, Md Saifur Rahman, and Jianzhong Zhang. "A Novel and Efficient Vector Quantization Based CPRI Compression Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 8 (August 2017): 7061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2670561.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CPRI"

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Odambatafwa, Maurice Ombworo. "Simulation of CPRI traffic on Optical Ethernet." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15973/.

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Evolution of mobile networks calls for novel ways of reducing delays while improving the network capacity. All application types require a system to utilize the expanding data. In the future, the projection is that quality of service (QoS) will be a key measurement of any network. Delay and jitter present a challenge to achieving the QoS needed. This is due to the loss of packets experienced during transmission and retransmission. Hence, the thesis proposes a Hybrid switching solution to increase the efficiency of transport networks for mobile data. This is done by designing a model that reduces the number of wavelengths needed to transport Common Public Radio interface (CPRI) over Ethernet while sharing the same optical resources for conventional backhaul traffic. CPRI over Ethernet is an ideal method to aid in better exploitation of the resources. The proposed strategy minimizes the loss of packets by making use of the available gaps during the transmission. Implementing such a model requires a Guaranteed Service Traffic (GST) class, which does not allow for packet loss and is treated as high priority traffic. Additionally, GST has a fixed low delay that makes it resilient to any form of network failures. Moreover, CPRI assists in saving costs by exploiting the unused wavelength capacity left by the GST traffic. Backhaul traffic can exploit this unused capacity to make the system compact. The thesis considers two classes of service levels with possible set of services that have QoS. These are CPRI over Ethernet (CPRIoE) and traditional packet-based Backhaul traffic. CPRIoE is considered as the GST traffic while Backhaul is the Best Effort (BE) traffic. Both traffics are transported over the same links, sharing wavelength resources. The results indicate the effectiveness of combining services in managing multiple flows, thus saving resources and optimizing the network.
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Samuelson, Alfred. "Partial Reconfiguration of a CPRI Implementation on an FPGA." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230623.

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Utilizing Partial Reconfiguration (PR) in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a digital hardware design concept that has gained in popularity and ease of implementation over the past decades. In short, it means that a limited region of the FPGA is reconfigured during run-time depending on which logic is needed at a given time. This way, the logic utilization of the FPGA can be reduced while still maintaining the same functionality in designs where certain logic blocks are not run in parallel. For example, it has previously proven to be useful in designs containing several types of hardware accelerators which are used by a Central Processing Unit (CPU). Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) is a communication interface between components of a Radio Base Station (RBS); Radio Equipment (RE) and Radio Equipment Control (REC). The specification of the interface outlines a functional split between two different layers. In this master’s thesis, the potential benefits and challenges of applying the concept of Partial Reconfiguration to a CPRI layer 2 FPGA design are investigated. Using an Intel Arria 10 development board, a platform has been designed for evaluation of relevant parameters with focus on resource utilization, bitstream file size and reconfiguration time. The results do not show clear benefits of utilizing PR in this particular block, mainly due to the fact that not a large reduction of logic utilization is achieved compared to a reference implementation of the block where PR is not utilized. However, important insights for future work on PR implementation of similar circuits have been obtained.
Partiell Rekonfiguration (PR) i Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) är ett designkoncept för digital hårdvara vars populäritet har ökat de senaste decennierna samtidigt som implementationsverktygens stöd för metodiken har förbättrats. Sammanfattningsvis innebär det att en begränsad region av FPGAn rekonfigureras beroende på vilken logik som behövs vid en given tidpunkt, samtidigt som resten av designen körs. På detta sätt kan FPGAns logiska utilisation reduceras med bibehållen funktionalitet i designer där vissa logikblock inte körs parallellt. Det har till exempel visat sig vara användbart i designer där flera olika typer av hårdvauacceleratorer används av en central behandlingsenhet (CPU). Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) är ett gränssnitt för kommunikation mellan komponenter i en radiobasstation. Vanligen handlar det om radioutrustning och den komponent som kontrollerar radioutrustningen. Specifikationen för CPRI påvisar en funktionell uppdelning mellan två olika lager. I detta examensarbete undersöks de potentiella fördelarna och utmaningarna med att applicera konceptet Partiell Rekonfiguration på en FPGA-design av en CPRI lager 2-krets. En plattform baserad på ett utvecklingskort för Intel Arria 10 utformas för att utvärdera relevanta parametrar med fokus på resursutnyttjande, storlek på bitströmfilerna samt rekonfigurationstid. Resultaten visar inte på klara fördelar med att använda PR för just detta block, framförallt eftersom inga stora besparingar i logikutilisation uppnåddes jämfört med en referensimplementation av samma block som ej använde sig av PR. Användbara insikter för framtida arbete på PR-implementation av liknande kretsar har dock förvärvats.
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Diallo, Thierno. "La fibre en support du Mobile Cloud." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0122/document.

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De nos jours, la montée en débit observée dans les réseaux mobiles est une problématique. A long terme, la densification des réseaux radios mobiles s'avérera inefficace. En plus de cela cette densification entraînera une baisse de rentabilité des réseaux d'accès mobiles et augmentera la complexité au niveau de la gestion des fréquences mobile qui accroîtra inéluctablement le risque de la présence des interférences. Pour pallier ce manque de rentabilité et pour faciliter le déploiement de certaines techniques d'optimisation et d'amélioration de l'interface air comme le « Coordinated MultiPoint » (CoMP), les acteurs des télécommunications proposent une nouvelle architecture innovante désignée par les termes Mobile Cloud ou « Centralized or Cloud Radio Access Network » (C-RAN). Le C-RAN consiste à déporter l'entité de traitement des données numérisées appelée « Base Band Unit » (BBU) du site d'antenne vers un local plus sécurisé nommé « Central Oce (CO) ». L'entité de traitement radio dénommée « Remote Radio Head (RRH) »est toujours localisée sur le site d'antenne. Cette délocalisation crée un nouveau segment réseau appelé « fronthaul ». Le fronthaul est un segment réseau très gourmand en bande passante par conséquent la fibre est désignée comme le support idéal pour assurer la communication bidirectionnelle entre la RRH et la BBU. Dans notre thèse, nous avons étudié les solutions de déploiement du fronthaul. Etant donné que l'interface fronthaul utilise de grands débits pour la transmission de données numérisées, elle est soumise à un phénomène physique nommé gigue qui a tendance à dégrader les performances de transmission. Les effets et l'impact de la gigue sur l'interface fronthaul et sur l'interface air ont été aussi étudiés
In Europe, the competition between the mobile operators is so strong that the profitability of the mobile network has decreased. The cost to implement, to operate and to upgrade the mobile network is increasing while the revenues generated by the latter are not sufficient. Therefore, the operators should find the way to reduce the CAPEX and the OPEX. To keep competitive, the operators have begun to think about a novel RAN architecture. This new architecture is called Centralized or Cloud Radio Access Network. The traditional antenna site consists of the Radio Remote Head (RRH) which performs the radio processing, and the Base Band Unit (BBU) which carries out the digital processing. The principle of C-RAN consists to move the BBU from antenna site towards the local secured belonging to an operator called Central Office (CO). The move of BBU from antenna site to CO leads to the appearance of a new network segment called fronthaul. During this thesis, the different solutions to the deployment of fronthaul are studied and also the effects and the impacts of jitter on the fronthaul interface
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Melo, David António Sacadura de. "Análise e planeamento de redes de acesso C-RAN sobre ethernet." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23813.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
Recentemente, com o aumento dos dispositivos móveis e do tráfego gerado por estes, surgiu a necessidade de reformular a arquitetura das redes de acesso móvel atuais. Com o intuito de alcançar este objetivo, prevê-se que seja implementado o paradigma C-RAN, que permite centralizar o processamento, promover positivamente a utilização da rede e reduzir os custos de operação e manutenção. Na primeira parte, é feito um estudo de pior caso da aplicação da Ethernet como meio de transporte do CPRI na rede fronthaul que interliga as RRHs, geograficamente distribuídas, com o nó central onde reside a BBU pool. Nesta parte, são comparadas duas redes baseadas em Ethernet: as redes EPON e as redes switched Ethernet. O estudo feito mostra que as redes switched Ethernet permitem suportar um número de RRHs maior do que as redes EPON e, para o mesmo número de RRHs, permitem alcançar maiores coberturas geográficas. Além disso, mostra-se que o uso de prioridades e de diferentes valores de tamanho de pacotes Ethernet permite ganhos adicionais de cobertura geográfica nas redes switched Ethernet. Após se concluir das vantagens da switched Ethernet, a segunda parte do trabalho realizado propõe algoritmos de planeamento de redes fronthaul baseadas nesta tecnologia. Os algoritmos são avaliados em cenários gerados aleatoriamente com dois objetivos; o primeiro é avaliar a sua eficiência e o segundo é avaliar os ganhos que se obtêm com o uso de prioridades e de tamanhos de pacotes diferentes na rede Ethernet de suporte.
Recently, with the increase of mobile devices and the traffic generated by them, the need to reformulate the architecture of the current mobile access networks has arisen. In order to achieve this goal, the C-RAN paradigm is expected to be adopted, which allows the processing centralization, positive promotion of network usage and reduction of operation and maintenance costs. In the first part, a worst case study is carried out on the use of Ethernet as a means of transporting CPRI radio signals in the fronthaul network that interconnects the geographically distributed RRHs, with the central node where the BBU pool is hosted. In this part, two Ethernet-based network technologies are compared: the EPON networks and the switched Ethernet networks. The study shows that switched Ethernet networks allow a larger number of RRHs to be supported than EPON networks and, for the same number of RRHs, it also allows a larger geographic coverage. In addition, it is shown that the use of priorities and different Ethernet packet sizes allows additional geographic coverage gains in switched Ethernet networks. After concluding the advantages of switched Ethernet, the second part of the work proposes algorithms for fronthaul network planning based on this technology. The algorithms are evaluated in randomly generated scenarios with two objectives; the first is to evaluate their efficiency and the second is to evaluate the gains that are obtained by using different priorities and packet sizes in the supporting Ethernet network.
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Tayq, Zakaria. "Intégration et supervision des liens Fronthaul dans les réseaux 5G." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0092/document.

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Le Cloud RAN a été préconisé pour la 5G. Cependant, sa mise en place rencontre des difficultés notamment sur l'intégration du fronthaul, ce dernier généralement basé sur l’interface CPRI représente le segment situé entre la Digital Unit et la Radio Unit. Vu les contraintes de débit, de latence et de gigue sur cette interface, le multiplexage en longueur est la solution adéquate pour son transport. En revanche, les technologies radio recommandées pour la 5G augmenteront considérablement les débits CPRI, ce qui rend l’utilisation du WDM bas coût très difficile. Cette thèse traite quatre sujets principaux : L'introduction d'un canal de contrôle dans le CPRI permettrait la supervision de l'infrastructure WDM et l'accordabilité en longueurs d'onde des transceivers. L’impact de l’intégration de ce canal de contrôle dans le fronthaul est étudié dans le chapitre II. La radio analogique sur fibre peut améliorer de manière significative l'efficacité spectrale du fronthaul, permettant potentiellement le transport des interfaces 5G. Une étude approfondie sur le gain réel apporté par cette solution est rapportée dans le chapitre III. La compression du CPRI basée sur la quantification uniforme et non uniforme est également une solution pour améliorer l'efficacité spectrale du CPRI. Le chapitre IV démontre expérimentalement les taux de compression réalisables. Enfin, les nouveaux splits fonctionnels sont considérés comme une solution prometteuse pour la 5G. Deux nouvelles interfaces ont été identifiées pour les splits couche haute et couche basse. Une étude théorique et expérimentale de ces nouvelles interfaces est présentée dans le chapitre V
Cloud Radio Access Network (RAN) was identified as a key enabler for 5G. Its deployment is however meeting multiple challenges notably in the fronthaul integration, the latter being the segment located between the Digital Unit and the Radio Unit generally based on CPRI. Giving its bit-rate, latency and jitter constrains, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is the most adequate solution for its transport. However, the radio technologies recommended for 5G will drastically increase the CPRI bit-rate making its transport very challenging with low-cost WDM. This thesis deals with four main topics : The introduction of a control channel in the CPRI enables offering the WDM infrastructure monitoring and the wavelength tunability in the transceivers. The study of this control channel integration in the fronthaul link is reported in the second chapter as well as an investigation on the wireless transmission of CPRI. The use of Analog Radio over Fiber (A-RoF) can significantly improve the fronthaul spectral efficiency compared to CPRI-based fronthaul enabling, potentially, the transport of 5G interfaces. A thorough investigation on the actual gain brought by this solution is stated in the third chapter. CPRI compression based on uniform and non-uniform quantization is also a solution to enhance the CPRI spectral efficiency. The fourth chapter describes this solution and experimentally shows the achievable compression rates. Finally, establishing a new functional split in the radio equipment was considered as a promising solution for 5G. Two new interfaces have been identified for high and low layer functional splits. A theoretical and experimental study of these new interfaces is reported in the fifth chapter
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Channe, Gowda Anushree. "Latency and Jitter Control in 5G Ethernet Fronthaul Network." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17651/.

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With 5G technology, networks are expected to offer high speed with ultra-low latency among different users. Maintaining the current network architecture will lead to an unsustainable transport delay and jitters increase. Limiting the transport delay and the jitters have become a necessity for mobile network operators. The main requirement in 5G networks is the demand of limiting the transport delay. This, thesis proposes a novel mechanism to minimize packet delay and delay variation in 5G Ethernet fronthaul network. The goal is to achieve bounded delay aggregation of traffic ,suitable for application in fronthaul transport. Hybrid switching technology can be adopted to provide efficient fronthaul in 5G. Hybrid switches allows to multiplex traffics with different characteristics over the same wavelengths, thus increasing the network resource utilization. This thesis proposes a scheduling mechanism for hybrid switches to aggregate streams from the network, the Bypass traffic (BP), and the traffic from the fronthaul links, the ADD traffic, using an algorithm which looks for the time gaps in the BP stream for the insertion of the ADD traffic. The proposed strategy minimizes the delay of packets by making use of the available gaps during the transmission to limit the network latency. The size of the required time gaps, the time window, is suitably reduced by dividing the timeout time duration with number of intervals (N) with the Window reduction mechanism so that the delay variation or jitter of both aggregated streams are bounded. The results demonstrate that the aforementioned requirements are can be achieved by suitably tuning the parameters of the algorithm inputs, mainly the window reduction factor, timeout time duration and the number of intervals, resulting in values of packet delay and delay variation bounded at 10 microseconds or even lower up to 85-90percent carried load of aggregated flows. Hence, we show their suitability for delay sensitive future applications in 5G networking.
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Santos, Jorge Casal. "Geração em FPGA de sinais LTE." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14577.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
O crescimento do tráfego de dados está a colocar exigências sem precedentes nas redes móveis atuais. Os avanços nas tecnologias de acesso rádio estão a acompanhar os requisitos de aumento da capacidade da rede, da qualidade do serviço e do uso mais eficiente do espetro disponível. Estes avanços têm levado ao crescimento de dispositivos cada vez mais sofisticados e, consequentemente, à qualidade das aplicações oferecidas. A contínua evolução da Radio Access Network (RAN) faz-se acompanhar por um conjunto de inovações tecnológicas que ajudam os operadores de telecomunicações a melhorar o desempenho, a cobertura e a qualidade das redes. A tecnologia LTE e, posteriormente, o LTE-Advanced foram os últimos passos dados na transformação das redes de acesso móveis em redes de banda larga móvel, naquela que é conhecida como a quarta geração móvel ou 4G. De forma a otimizar a utilização de recursos de rede e, simultaneamente, minimizar o consumo energético surge o paradigma C-RAN. Esta nova arquitetura propõe uma reorganização e simplificação das atuais arquiteturas de redes de acesso rádio, ao separar as unidades de rádio remotas (RRH) da unidade de processamento de banda base (BBU), permitindo, assim, que diversas RRHs interajam com uma BBU que passa a estar centralizada. Adicionalmente, esta arquitetura necessita de equipamentos com elevada flexibilidade e interoperabilidade como soluções baseadas em Software Defined Radio (SDR). O objetivo principal deste trabalho de dissertação é o projeto e implementação de um gerador de sinais LTE baseado em Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) e assente no paradigma SDR e, posteriormente, a integração de uma cadeia de transmissão rádio frequência (RF), implementada com base num front end rádio e responsável pela conversão do sinal entre o domínio digital e o analógico. Com base no sistema desenvolvido, faz-se ainda a apresentação de um demonstrador C-RAN, onde a interface entre a BBU e a RRH é feita segundo a especificação Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), garantindo assim a total transparência entre equipamentos de diferentes fabricantes. Nesta dissertação, são ainda apresentadas as arquiteturas e os aspetos de implementação dos sistemas e são discutidos os resultados obtidos mediante a análise de medidas de qualidade em banda base e em RF.
The growth in data traffic is placing unprecedented demands on current mobile networks. Breakthroughs in radio access technologies go along with the requirements of increased network capacity and service quality, as well as with a more efficient use of the available spectrum. These breakthroughs have led to a growth of increasingly sophisticated devices and, thus, to a higher quality of the apllications provided.The continuous development of Radio Access Network (RAN) has been accompanied by a number of technological innovations that help telecom operators to improve the performance, coverage and quality of their networks. LTE technology and, later, LTE-Advanced were the latest steps in the transformation of mobile access networks into mobile broadband networks, in what is known as the fourth mobile generation or 4G. In order to optimize the use of network resources while minimizing power consumption, C-RAN paradigm emerges. This new architecture proposes a reorganization and simplification of the current architectures of radio access networks by separating the remote radio units (RRH) from the baseband processing unit (BBU), thus enabling that multiple RRHs interact with one BBU which is now centralized. Additionally, equipment with high flexibility and interoperability is required in this architecture, such as Software Defined Radio (SDR) solutions. The main goal of this study is the design and implementation of an LTE signal generator based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and SDR paradigm. Subsequently, it also aims to integrate a radio frequency (RF) transmission chain which is implemented on the basis of a radio front-end and is responsible for signal conversion between the digital and analog domain. Based on the developed system, a C-RAN demonstrator is also presented where the interface between BBU and RRH is according to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) specification, thus ensuring full interoperability between different equipment manufacturers. This study also presents the systems’ architecture and implementation aspects and the results achieved are discussed by analyzing base band and RF measurements.
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Gallais, Arnaud. "CPPI Structures on Funds Derivatives." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102792.

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Abstract With the ever-increasing complexity of financial markets and financial products, many investors now choose to benefit from a manager’s expertise by investing in a fund. This fueled a rapid growth of the fund industry over the past decades, and the recent emergence of complex derivatives products written on underlying funds. The diversity (hedge funds, mutual funds, funds of funds, managed accounts…) and the particularities (liquidity, specific risks) of funds call for adapted models and suited risk management. This thesis aims at understanding the issues and difficulties met when dealing with such products. In particular, we will deal in a great extent with CPPI (Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance) structures written on funds, which combine the specificities of funds with particularities of such structures. Correctly assessing the corresponding market risks is a challenging issue, and is the subject of many investigations.
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Yassa, Laura Melany. "Electrocardiographic Findings During Standard Hands Only CPR and Hands Only CPR Plus Pedal CPR in Senior Rescuers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2106.

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The standard first aid for a heart attack resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest is effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Chest compressions are most commonly performed on a flat surface with the rescuer kneeling next to the victim with one hand on top of the other on the sternum and elbows straight. This technique of being on the ground may be challenging for those without the mobility and strength to get up and down from the ground. In 2005, the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines listed “pedal”, or heel, compression as an acceptable alternative to standard chest compressions (Trenkamp & Perez, 2015). That same year, the recommended depth of a compression increased from 3.8 cm to 5.0 cm (Trenkamp & Perez, 2015). To attain such a depth, extra force and strength arerequired. The heel method may be especially reasonable for those rescuers who cannot attain the floor and those who do not have the cardiovascular or muscular strength to perform traditional chest compressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of performance of hands only (HO) versus the combination (CO) of hands only plus pedal CPR on the electrocardiogram, including heart rate and heart rhythm. The subjects utilized in this investigation were six men and nine women between 56 and 71 years of age from San Luis Obispo County in California. Subjects underwent two trials with at least a 15 hour rest period in between but no more than one week. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the Combination (CO) trial or the Hands Only (HO) trial. When they came back for their second trial, they did the trial that they did not do the first time. On average, participants were able to sustain the combination of HO plus pedal CPR longer (9.47 minutes) than they were able to perform standard HO CPR (9.02 minutes) but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.16). Mean maximum heart rate was 133 ± 23.7 bpm during the CO trial and 125.4 ± 21.9 bpm during the HO trial (p=0.12). Mean percentage of the HR reserve was 75.1% during the CO trial and 61.1% during the HO trial (p=0.09). Mean RPE was not significantly different between CO and HO trials (p=0.2124), nor between genders (p=0.42090). However, for both trials combined the mean RPE was significantly greater at 5 minutes of CPR (4.45 ± 0.53) than at 2 minutes of CPR (3.38 ± 0.31), (p It may take time for individuals to accept pedal CPR as a viable resuscitation method. With the majority of sudden cardiac arrests occurring in the home among older adults in society, it is important to recognize that pedal CPR is an acceptable method and that a rescuer may have this choice if they either need a break from standard CPR or if they can not attain the ground.
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Riscado, Diogo José Castilho. "Demonstrador C-RAN para redes móveis de próxima geração." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13615.

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Abstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
Nas últimas décadas, o caminho da evolução nas redes de telecomunicações tem vindo a ser percorrido com vista a proporcionar melhor serviço móvel ao nível de capacidade e disponibilidade aos utilizadores. Mais recentemente, com a introdução do 3G e 4G, tem-se assistido a novas formas de aceder a informação impulsionadas pela proliferação dos dispositivos m oveis ligados à rede. Este fenómeno tem levado a um aumento exponencial do consumo de dados e, consequentemente, ao aumento dos custos de operação e manutenção das infraestruturas de acesso por parte dos operadores de telecomunicações. No âmbito desta evolução, surge o paradigma C-RAN, que propõe uma reformulação das atuais arquiteturas de redes de acesso r adio. Esta reorganização passa pela simplificação das atuais base stations em aparelhos de menor complexidade, as Remote Radio Heads (RRH), com a centralização das funções da camada física em Base Band Unit (BBU). A nova arquitetura proposta requer equipamentos com elevada exibilidade e interoperabilidade, tais como soluções baseadas em Software De ned Radio (SDR). Nesta dissertação de Mestrado é apresentado um demonstrador para C-RAN com foco na componente digital da RRH, desenvolvido em plataforma reconfigurável, sob o paradigma SDR. A interface com a BBU é implementada de acordo com a especifcação da interface Comon Public Radio Interface (CPRI), que tem como objetivo padronizar as interfaces em base stations, garantindo a interoperabilidade entre equipamentos de diferentes fabricantes. O demonstrador consiste em dois kits de desenvolvimento baseados em Field Programable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), com ligação ótica entre si, sendo que um simular a BBU e o outro integra uma prova-de-conceito da RRH. Nesta última, o andar de R adio Frequência (RF) foi implementado com um front end analógico encarregue de efectuar a conversação de sinal entre os domínios analógico e digital. Deste modo foi possível, em laboratório, testar e validar a transferência de dados de utilizador pela ligação ótica, analisar a qualidade da transmissão em RF, assim como a medição de atrasos do sistema.
In the last decade, the path of evolution in telecommunications networks has to be traversed in order to provide best mobile service in terms of capacity and availability to users. More recently, with the introduction of 3G and 4G, we've seen new forms of access to information pushed by the proliferation of mobile devices connected to the network. This phenomenon has led to an exponential increase in data consumption and, consequently, the increased expense of operation and maintenance of access infrastructure by operators of telecommunications. As part of this evolution, the CRAN paradigm, proposes a redesign of the current radio access network architecture. This reorgnization involves the simpli cation of existing base stations in less complex devices as the Remote Radio Heads (RRH) as well as the centralization of the functions of the physical layer, on the Base Band Unit (BBU). The proposed architecture requires new equipment with high exibility and interoperability, such as Software De ned Radio (SDR) solutions. In this Master's thesis, a demonstrator for C-RAN, focusing on digital component of RRH and based on a recon gurable platform under the SDR paradigm is presented. The interface with the BBU is implemented according to the speci cation of Comon Public Radio Interface (CPRI) interface, which aims to standardize interfaces in base stations, guaranteed interoperability between equipment from di erent manufacturers. The demonstrator consists on two development kits based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), with optical connection between them, one of which will simulate the BBU and the other contains a proof-of-concept for a RRH. In this last one, the Radio Frequency (RF) stage was implemented with an analog front end to make the signal conversion between analog and digital domains. Thus, it was possible, in the laboratory, to test and validate the transfer of user data through the optical link as well as analyse the RF transmission quality, and measure the system's delays.
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Books on the topic "CPRI"

1

Council for the Protection of Rural England. Comments by CPRE and CPRW to the Department of Energy's Renewable Energy Advisory Group,October 1991. London: Council for the Protection of Rural England, 1991.

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Thygerson, Alton L. CPR. 4th ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2001.

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Public Employee Committee National Safety Council. Cpr. S.l: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003.

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Surjeet, Harkishan Singh. On CPI(M)--CPI differences. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1985.

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Surjeet, Harkishan Singh. On CPI(M)-CPI differences. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1985.

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CROSS, AMERICAN RED. Adult CPR. St. Louis: Mosby Lifeline, 1993.

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India, Communist Party of, ed. 80 CPI. New Delhi: CPI Publication, 2005.

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AMERICAN RED CROSS. Community CPR. St. Louis: Mosby Lifeline, 1993.

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Phillips, Todd. Spiritual CPR. Colorado Springs, CO: NexGen, 2005.

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Effron, Dorothy M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR. 3rd ed. Tulsa, Okla. (P.O. Box 470831, Tulsa 74147): CPR Publishers, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "CPRI"

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Annas, George J. "CPR." In Judging Medicine, 212–16. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4592-6_32.

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Annas, George J. "CPR." In Judging Medicine, 207–11. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4592-6_31.

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Strotmann, Henriette. "CPI Exporter." In AVA – modellbasiert mit iTWO, 29–38. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23289-4_6.

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Castrén, Maaret K. "Compression-Only CPR Versus CPR with Ventilations." In Resuscitation, 41–45. Milano: Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5507-0_4.

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Ziegenfuß, Thomas. "Kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR)." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 168–233. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21127-0_7.

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Krismer, A. C., V. Wenzel, V. D. Mayr, W. G. Voelckel, H. U. Strohmenger, and K. H. Lindner. "Pharmacotherapy during CPR." In Die Notfalltherapie bei akutem Kreislaufstillstand, 45–58. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57511-2_7.

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Fresenius, Michael, Michael Heck, and Cornelius Busch. "Kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR)." In Repetitorium Anästhesiologie, 797–809. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46829-6_64.

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Skorning, M. "Kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR)." In Repetitorium Notfallmedizin, 117–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04960-6_6.

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Heck, Michael, and Michael Fresenius. "Kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR)." In Repetitorium Anästhesiologie, 497–506. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04964-4_57.

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Zink, Wolfgang. "Kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR)." In Repetitorium Intensivmedizin, 203–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44933-8_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "CPRI"

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Lometti, Alberto, Claudio Colombo, Silvano Frigerio, and Vincenzo Sestito. "Network architectures for CPRI backhauling." In 2012 14th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2012.6253770.

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Loomis, Mike. "Network Architectures for CPRI Backhauling." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2013.otu2e.4.

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Bahnasy, Mahmoud, Halima Elbiaze, and Catherine Truchan. "CPRI over Ethernet: Towards fronthaul/backhaul multiplexing." In 2018 15th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2018.8319220.

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Si, Hongbo, Boon Loong Ng, Md Saifur Rahman, and Jianzhong Zhang. "A Vector Quantization Based Compression Algorithm for CPRI Link." In GLOBECOM 2015 - 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2015.7417796.

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Wan, Tao, Bill McCormick, Yufei Wang, and Peter Ashwood-Smith. "ZeroJitter: An SDN Based Scheduling for CPRI over Ethernet." In GLOBECOM 2016 - 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2016.7842395.

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Si, Hongbo, Boon Loong Ng, Md Saifur Rahman, and Jianzhong Zhang. "A Vector Quantization Based Compression Algorithm for CPRI Link." In GLOBECOM 2015 - 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2014.7417796.

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Hassan, Mai, Syed Hassan Raza Naqvi, and Pin-Han Ho. "On CPRI based Front-hauling over Residential Power Lines." In 2020 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nana51271.2020.00016.

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Chun-Hui, Yao, and Cheng Xin. "Research of CPRI Protocol Based on High-Speed Fiber Link." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itcs.2010.88.

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Nakagawa, Goji, Kyosuke Sone, Setsuo Yoshida, Shoichiro Oda, Motoyuki Takizawa, Yoshio Hirose, and Takeshi Hoshida. "Systematic evaluation of CPRI signal quality under superimposed AMCC signal." In 2017 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and Photonics Global Conference (PGC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2017.8114855.

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Lee, Jie Hyun, Seung-Hyun Cho, Kyung Hwan Doo, Seung-Il Myong, Jong Hyun Lee, and Sang Soo Lee. "CPRI transceiver for mobile front-haul based on wavelength division multiplexing." In 2012 International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2012.6387205.

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Reports on the topic "CPRI"

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Stanley, Bill, undefined, and undefined. CPRC Carbon Estimate Procedures. The Nature Conservancy, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.12121754.

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Ariga, Kenn, and Kenji Matsui. Mismeasurement of the CPI. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9436.

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Glienke, Susanne, and Fan Mei. Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) and 3-View Cloud Particle Imager (3V-CPI) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1597645.

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Odden, Allan. Redesigning School Finance Systems: Lessons from CPRE Research. Consortium for Policy Research in Education, February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.12698/cpre.2007.rb50.

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Goldberg, Allen. Composability, Provability, Reusability (CPR) for Survivability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402606.

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Stratton, Hannah, Heidi Fuchs, Yuting Chen, Camilla Dunham, and Alison Williams. Water and Wastewater Rate Hikes Outpace CPI. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1377851.

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Hausman, Jerry. Cellular Telephone, New Products and the CPI. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5982.

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Shapiro, Matthew, and David Wilcox. Alternative Strategies for Aggregating Prices in the CPI. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5980.

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Logan, Trevon. Are Engel Curve Estimates of CPI Bias Biased? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13870.

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Giovanni, Pastore, Richard Williamson, Jason Hales, Kyle Gamble, Russell Gardner, and James Tompkins. Contribution of Idaho National Laboratory to the CPR FUMAC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1478519.

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