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Di Pasquale, Giovanni Maria, Lorenzo Stagnati, Alessandra Lezzi, et al. "Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Maize Landraces Adapted to Marginal Hills in North-West Italy." Plants 13, no. 7 (2024): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13071030.
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The growing interest in maize landraces over the past two decades has led to the need to characterize the Italian maize germplasm. In Italy, hundreds of maize landraces have been developed, but only a few of them have been genetically characterized, and even fewer are currently employed in agriculture or for breeding purposes. In the present study, 13 maize landraces of the west Emilia-Romagna region were morphologically and genetically characterized. These accessions were sampled in 1954 from three provinces, Modena, Parma, and Piacenza, during the characterization project of Italian maize landraces. The morphological characterization of these 13 accessions was performed according to the UPOV protocol CPVO/TP2/3, examining 34 phenotypic traits. A total of 820 individuals were genotyped with 10 SSR markers. The genetic characterization revealed 74 different alleles, a FST mean value of 0.13, and a Nm mean of 1.73 over all loci. Moreover, AMOVA analysis disclosed a low degree of differentiation among accessions, with only 13% of genetic variability found between populations, supporting PCoA analysis results, where the first two coordinates explained only 16% of variability. Structure analysis, supported by PCoA, showed that only four accessions were clearly distinguished for both K = 4 and 6. Italian landraces can be useful resources to be employed in maize breeding programs for the development of new varieties, adapted to different environmental conditions, in order to increase crop resilience and expand the maize cultivation area.
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Mezhenskyj, V. M., N.P. Kostenko, S. P. Likar, and M. B. Dushar. "DEVELOPMENT OF NEW GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY OF JAPANESE QUINCE (CHAENOMELES LINDL.) CULTIVARS." Plant varieties studying and protection 15, no. 4 (2019): 337–53. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.15.4.2019.188507.
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<strong>Purpose</strong><strong>.</strong> To develop guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of <em>Chaenomeles</em> cultivars. <strong>Results</strong><strong>.</strong> Species of the genus <em>Chaenomeles</em> are valued as ornamental, fruit and medicinal plants. Plant Variety Database (PLUTO) includes ornamental and fruit Japanese quince varieties registered in the European Union, China, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Ukraine and Japan. Neither CPVO protocols nor UPOV guidelines have been developed for <em>Chaenomeles</em>, but in the European Union, China, Russia and Ukraine the four national guidelines for the DUS-testing of Japanese quince varieties were published in 2003–2016. Each of them takes into account, respectively, 46, 31, 51, and 31 traits. They differ in the selection of characteristics which should always be examined for DUS and for grouping of varieties. Both flower and fruit characteristics of are the main for distinguishing Japanese quince varieties, which is facilitated by strong variability in the coloration of petals and fruits, the fruit shape and fruit weight, etc. Existing guidelines differ meaningfully in the description of these and other characteristics. Several different approaches to filling and improving the guidelines have been proposed according to the basis of <em>Chaenomeles</em> cultivars and species collection study and own breeding experience. <strong>Conclusions</strong><strong>.</strong> The new guidelines contain 42 appropriate characteristics of plant morphology, shoots, thorns, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds as well as phenology and can be used for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of all <em>Chaenomeles</em> cultivars.
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Zhou, Dan, Kaixin Wang, Youming Yuan, et al. "A Universal and Quantitative PCR Strategy for Detection and Epidemiologic Analysis of Canine Papillomavirus (CPV)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094391.
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Canine papillomavirus (CPV) infection leads to a range of clinical manifestations from benign warts to malignant tumors in dogs, posing significant challenges in veterinary medicine due to its diverse genotypic spectrum. This study introduced broad-range and robust polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays designed to enhance the detection, identification, and quantification of multiple CPV genotypes. By using both universal and genotype-specific primers, this protocol significantly improved diagnostic specificity and sensitivity across the 23 known CPV genotypes compared to previously described ones. The primers were designed to target conserved regions across all genotypes for general detection, as well as specific regions in the predominant genotypes CPV1 and CPV2 for detailed analysis. Validation of this protocol using synthetic plasmids and clinical samples confirmed its enhanced performance over traditional methods, as demonstrated by higher specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, the application of this PCR approach in a series of epidemiological studies provided novel insights into the distribution and prevalence of CPV genotypes, highlighting its potential utility in shaping targeted vaccination and clinical management strategies. Furthermore, the quantitative capability of this established protocol allowed for monitoring viral loads in clinical cases, offering a valuable tool for assessing treatment efficacy and disease progression. Further validation through larger-scale clinical studies will be crucial to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy and epidemiological value of the assays.
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Chen, Xianghui, Yongji Lai, and Jun Guo. "An unconventional dose of epinephrine for a diagnostic test of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: A case report." Brain & Heart 1, no. 1 (2023): 0325. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/bh.0325.
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Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare heritable arrhythmogenic disease, and the Mayo Clinic protocol-guided epinephrine test is commonly used for diagnostic purposes. Whether the Mayo Clinic protocol is enough for patients who are insensitive to catecholamine remains an unknown question. Our patient was a19-year-old female who presented with recurrent stress-induced syncope and was saved by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The initial physical examination and complementary tests (ECG, blood laboratory, cardiac ultrasound, and cranial magnetic resonance angiography) showed no abnormalities on admission. Treadmill exercise testing shows non-sustained and polymorphic tachycardia. A subsequent epinephrine test was performed, and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was not induced until using a high dose of epinephrine above Mayo Clinic protocol. Therefore, it is suggested that an unconventional dose of epinephrine may be needed fordiagnostic tests of CPVT for some insensitive individuals.
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Hadi, Ahmed Adnan, and Seyed Vahab AL-Din Makki. "Improved MANET Routing Protocols Performance by Using Hybrid Cat and Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO)." Webology 19, no. 1 (2022): 2182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19148.
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The technology that used in communicating data and voice among certain mobile network nodes using wireless medium and radio spectrum transmission is called Mobile networking. Generally, Mobile refers to the intent, portable and lightweight devices that may be carried by their movie users. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid version of the swarm optimization model to improve the MANET routing protocols. The proposed optimization sets optimal parameters for the MANET networks. The proposed model combines between Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). The methodology which will be developed in this research can be used for revealing the MANT networks or mobile sensor networks the study involve enhance mechanism(s) that can be used to avoid degraded routing issues to increase the performance. The result the obtain by proposed model satisfy best result compared with both PSO and CSO.
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Garcia, Sofia F., Justin D. Smith, Michael Kallen, et al. "Protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study expanding, implementing and evaluating electronic health record-integrated patient-reported symptom monitoring in a multisite cancer centre." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (2022): e059563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059563.
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Introduction Cancer symptom monitoring and management interventions can address concerns that may otherwise go undertreated. However, such programmes and their evaluations remain largely limited to trials versus healthcare systemwide applications. We previously developed and piloted an electronic patient-reported symptom and need assessment (‘cPRO’ for cancer patient-reported outcomes) within the electronic health record (EHR). This study will expand cPRO implementation to medical oncology clinics across a large healthcare system. We will conduct a formal evaluation via a stepped wedge trial with a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design. Methods and analysis Aim 1 comprises a mixed method evaluation of cPRO implementation. Adult outpatients will complete cPRO assessments (pain, fatigue, physical function, depression, anxiety and supportive care needs) before medical oncology visits. Results are available in the EHR; severe symptoms and endorsed needs trigger clinician notifications. We will track implementation strategies using the Longitudinal Implementation Strategy Tracking System. Aim 2 will evaluate cPRO’s impact on patient and system outcomes over 12 months via (a) a quality improvement study (n=4000 cases) and (b) a human subjects substudy (n=1000 patients). Aim 2a will evaluate EHR-documented healthcare usage and patient satisfaction. In aim 2b, participating patients will complete patient-reported healthcare utilisation and quality, symptoms and health-related quality of life measures at baseline, 6 and 12 months. We will analyse data using generalised linear mixed models and estimate individual trajectories of patient-reported symptom scores at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Using growth mixture modelling, we will characterise the overall trajectories of each symptom. Aim 3 will identify cPRO implementation facilitators and barriers via mixed methods research gathering feedback from stakeholders. Patients (n=50) will participate in focus groups or interviews. Clinicians and administrators (n=40) will complete surveys to evaluate implementation. We will graphically depict longitudinal implementation survey results and code qualitative data using directed content analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board (STU00207807). Findings will be disseminated via local and conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT04014751; ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Yuan, Luo, Chang Su, Bo Fang, Yunfan Meng, Xinyang Wang, and Wenyou Gao. "The Optimization of Digital Currency Electronic Payment in RMB Based on Big Data and Fuzzy Theory." Journal of Global Information Management 31, no. 9 (2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.333607.
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Supply chain management is a key component of the Electronic-China Yuan (e-CNY) infrastructure and is crucial to developing and using e-CNY. This paper first provides an overview of the features of e-CNY and the idea of incorporating supply chain management into the creation of e-CNY software to better meet user payment requirements. This will help to reinforce the CNY's dominant position in the global monetary system. Meanwhile, this paper uses the fuzzy theory evaluation method to assess the software supply chain management informatization level. More broadly, this paper discusses the development level of digital enterprise supply chain management informatization to understand the current situation of e-CNY software supply chain management. The network's energy usage will increase when e-CNY software is developed. This research suggests a routing protocol based on the combination of chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) and ant colony algorithm (ACA). It employs a new CPSO algorithm to optimize the cluster head selection.
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Shi, Jinjing, Shuhui Chen, Jiali Liu, Fangfang Li, Yanyan Feng, and Ronghua Shi. "Quantum Dual Signature with Coherent States Based on Chained Phase-Controlled Operations." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041353.
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A novel encryption algorithm called the chained phase-controlled operation (CPCO) is presented in this paper, inspired by CNOT operation, which indicates a stronger correlation among message states and each message state depending on not only its corresponding key but also other message states and their associated keys. Thus, it can prevent forgery effectively. According to the encryption algorithm CPCO and the classical dual signature protocols, a quantum dual signature scheme based on coherent states is proposed in this paper. It involves three participants, the customer Alice, the merchant Bob and the bank Trent. Alice expects to send her order message and payment message to Bob and Trent, respectively. It is required that the two messages must be linked to guarantee the payment is paid for the corresponding order. Thus, Alice can generate a quantum dual signature to achieve the goal. In detail, Alice firstly signs her two messages with the shared secret key. Then She connects the two signatures into a quantum dual signature. Finally, Bob and Trent severally verify the signatures of the order message and the payment message. Security analysis shows that our scheme can ensure its security against forgery, repudiation and denial. In addition, simulation experiments based on the Strawberry Fields platform are performed to valid the feasibility of CPCO. Experimental results demonstrate that CPCO is viable and the expected coherent states can be acquired with high fidelity, which indicates that the encryption algorithm of the scheme can be implemented on quantum devices effectively.
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Sukoff Rizzo, Stacey J., Laura C. Anderson, Torrian L. Green, Tracy McGarr, Gaylynn Wells, and Shawn S. Winter. "Assessing Healthspan and Lifespan Measures in Aging Mice: Optimization of Testing Protocols, Replicability, and Rater Reliability." Current Protocols in Mouse Biology 8, no. 2 (2018): e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.45.
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Kim, Sunjoo, Aeri Kim, and Jeong Ok Hah. "Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma with Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Child: A Successful Treatment with the BFM-NHL-90 Protocol." Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology 27, no. 2 (2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15264/cpho.2020.27.2.129.
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Cusimano, Maria C., Nancy N. Baxter, Rinku Sutradhar, et al. "Reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes and parental leave practices of women physicians in Ontario, Canada: the Dr Mom Cohort Study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (2020): e041281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041281.
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IntroductionSurveys and qualitative studies suggest that women physicians may delay childbearing, be at increased risk of adverse peripartum complications when they do become pregnant, and face discrimination and lower earnings as a result of parenthood. Observational studies enrolling large, representative samples of women physicians are needed to accurately evaluate their reproductive patterns, pregnancy outcomes, parental leave practices and earnings. This protocol provides a detailed research plan for such studies.Methods and analysisThe Dr Mom Cohort Study encompasses a series of retrospective observational studies of women physicians in Ontario, Canada. All practising physicians in Ontario are registered with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO). By linking a dataset of physicians from the CPSO to existing provincial administrative databases, which hold health data and physician billing records, we will be able to retrospectively assess the healthcare utilisation, work practices and pregnancy outcomes of women physicians at the population level. Specific outcomes of interest include: (1) rates and timing of pregnancy; (2) pregnancy-related care and complications; and (3) duration of parental leave and subsequent earnings, each of which will be evaluated with regression methods appropriate to the form of the outcome. We estimate that, at minimum, 5000 women physicians will be eligible for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Board at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (#18–248). We will disseminate findings through several peer-reviewed publications, presentations at national and international meetings, and engagement of physicians, residency programmes, department heads and medical societies.
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Wang, Wen-Cheng, Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra, Biju Theruvil Sayed, et al. "Internet of Things Energy Consumption Optimization in Buildings: A Step toward Sustainability." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086475.
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The internal components of a smart building interact through a compatible fabric and logic. A smart building integrates systems, structure, services, management, and their interrelationships to create a dynamic and cost-efficient environment. Smart buildings reduce the amount of cooling and heating load required to cool and heat spaces, thereby lowering operating costs and energy consumption without sacrificing occupant comfort. Smart structures are an Internet of Things (IoT) concern. The Internet of Things is a global network that virtualizes commonplace objects. The Internet of Things infuses non-technical objects with technology. IoT development has led to the creation of new protocols based on architectures for wireless sensor networks. Energy conservation extends the life and improves the performance of these networks, while overcoming the limitations of IoT node batteries. This research seeks to develop a data transmission model for routing IoT data in smart buildings. Utilization of intelligent object clustering and particle swarm optimization (PSO), chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO), and fractional chaotic order particle swarm optimization (FCPSO) optimization methods. Using the proposed algorithm to minimize energy consumption in the IoT is possible due to the algorithm’s ability to mitigate the problem by considering the number of parameters that can have a significant impact on performance, which is the goal of many optimization approaches.
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Habrand, J. L., C. Haie-Meder, A. Rey, et al. "Radiothérapie des tumeurs intracrâniennes localement agressives par une combinaison de photons et de protons. Résultats préliminaires du protocole CPO 94-C1." Cancer/Radiothérapie 3, no. 6 (1999): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1278-3218(00)88255-4.
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Janiszewska-Olszowska, Joanna, Katarzyna Grocholewicz, Marta Mazur, and Maciej Jedliński. "Influence of Primary Palatal Surgery on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Cleft Palate Only (CPO)—Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114006.
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Background: Cleft palate only (CPO) is the second most prevalent cleft type. Both the cleft and palatal scarring may affect craniofacial growth. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize scientific evidence on effect of palatal surgery on craniofacial morphology in CPO. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, PMC, WoS, Scopus, Embase, using the keywords: “cleft palate” AND (“craniofacial morphology” OR “cephalometric analysis”) NOT “lip” with inclusion and exclusion criteria ensuring confident, direct comparison between study groups. The quality assessment was performed with Arrive’s scale for radiologic examinations. Results: Of 713 potential articles, 19 were subjected to qualitative analysis and 17 to meta-analysis, which confirmed reduced SNA in unoperated CPO versus non-cleft individuals. No scientific evidence was found directly assessing the effect of surgery on craniofacial morphology. The negative effect of palatal surgery was seen indirectly: in treated CPO versus non-cleft, the size effect of SNA is bigger than in untreated CPO versus non-cleft. A high heterogeneity came from a few non-European publications. Conclusions: CPO is associated with sagittal maxillary deficiency resulting both from the cleft and from primary surgery, disregarding cleft severity in operated CPO patients. Ethnic differences influence craniofacial morphology in CPO. This research received no external funding. Study protocol number in PROSPERO database: CRD42021268957.
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Freysleben, Glória R., Marco Aurélio A. Peres, and Wagner Marcenes. "Prevalência de cárie e CPO-D médio em escolares de doze a treze anos de idade nos anos de 1971 e 1997, região Sul, Brasil." Revista de Saúde Pública 34, no. 3 (2000): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102000000300015.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos epidemiológicos de cárie dentária, realizados no Brasil na última década, revelam uma significante redução na prevalência e na severidade da cárie dentária. Dúvidas persistem sobre a validade e a confiabilidade desses achados, em razão de diferentes metodologias e de critérios de diagnóstico utilizados. Foi realizado estudo com o objetivo de comparar a prevalência e a severidade da cárie dentária em escolares de 12 e 13 anos de idade entre 1971 e 1997. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados dois estudos transversais de prevalência, nos anos de 1971 e de 1997, em que todos os alunos de 12 e 13 anos de idade, de uma mesma escola de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, foram examinados, utilizando-se o mesmo protocolo e os critérios de diagnóstico de cárie dentária, estes originalmente propostos por Klein e Palmer. Foram examinados 202 e 175 escolares, em 1971 e 1997, respectivamente. Todos os exames foram conduzidos pela mesma examinadora, que foi previamente treinada por meio de um exercício de calibração. RESULTADOS: A taxa de resposta foi de 100%, sendo a concordância intra-examinadora, medida dente por dente, muito alta (Kappa > 0,86). As prevalências de cárie foram de 98% e 93,7% em 1971 e 1997, respectivamente. O valor do CPO-D médio variou de 9,17 em 1971 para 6,25 em 1997, tomando-se as idades de 12 e 13 anos em conjunto. CONCLUSÕES: Houve no período uma efetiva redução na prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária, na população estudada. Houve uma mudança real que não se deve a diferentes critérios de diagnóstico empregados.
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Sơn, Phạm Hồng, та Ngô Thị Thanh Trà. "XÁC LẬP THÔNG SỐ CHỈ BÁO MỨC BẢO HỘ MIỄN DỊCH CỦA KHÁNG THỂ CHỐNG BỆNH DO PARVOVIRUS (CPV) TRONG HUYẾT THANH CHÓ". Tạp chí Khoa học và công nghệ nông nghiệp, Trường Đại học Nông Lâm Huế 4, № 3 (2020): 2129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v4n3y2020.469.
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Được coi là “tiêu chuẩn vàng” trong đánh giá miễn dịch đặc hiệu nhưng phản ứng ngăn trở ngưng kết hồng cầu (HI) chưa được vận dụng trong thực tế để kiểm soát chất lượng vaccine phòng bệnh CPV ở chó. Hơn nữa, hiệu giá kháng thể huyết thanh trong các xét nghiệm HI thường nhật của chúng tôi thường thấp hơn mức một số nhóm trước đây sử dụng làm ngưỡng bảo hộ miễn dịch đã đòi hỏi thiết lập lại quy trình. Trong nghiên cứu này, phản ứng ngưng kết hồng cầu (HA) và HI được thực hiện với thể tích 25 μL các thành phần gồm dung dịch NaCl 0,9%, dịch hồng cầu gà 1%, dịch virus vaccine CPV hiệu giá 04 HAU và huyết thanh nguyên dạng của chó tiêu chảy xuất huyết. Đối chiếu các kết quả HI huyết thanh với kết quả phát hiện kháng nguyên CPV trong phân theo từng cá thể đã xác minh mức kháng thể HI 4 log2 trở lên theo quy trình này là một chỉ báo trạng thái bảo hộ miễn dịch chống CPV ở chó. Nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy vaccine CPV sử dụng tại khu vực thành phố Huế có hiệu lực, như cường độ miễn dịch ở nhóm chó đã từng được tiêm vaccine (60,59 HIU) cao hơn (P < 0,001) so với nhóm chưa tiêm (6,73 HIU). Tương tự, tỷ lệ chó mắc bệnh CPV (có virus này trong phân) ở nhóm đã từng được tiêm vaccine (2,63%) thấp hơn (P < 0,001) so với nhóm chưa tiêm (59,38%).
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 Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) is considered as “a gold ” for evaluation of specific immunity, its reaction has not been applied yet in practice for controlling the quality of CPV vaccination in dogs. Moreover, that serum antibody titers in our routine HI tests are often much lower than the level previous authors applied as the threshold of immune protection requested re-establishing the procedures. In this research, the techniques of haemagglutination (HA) and HI reactions were performed with the same pipette volumes of 25 μL of 0.9% saline solution, chicken red blood cell 1% suspension, CPV vaccine virus of 4 HAU titre and untreated sera of haemorrhagic diarrhea-suffered dogs. Individually matching the serum antibodies and faecal CPV antigens , according to this protocol, the level of 4 log2 HI of serum antibody titer be an indicator of protective immune status of dogs against CPV. The study also showed that the CPV vaccines used in the studied region were effective as the immune intensity in vaccinated dogs was much higher (60.59 HIU) than (P < 0.001) in unvaccinated dogs (6.73 HIU). In addition, the rate (2.63%) of dogs contracted with CPV (having the virus in their faeces) amongst the vaccinated dogs was much (P < 0.001) lower than that (59.38%) of the unvaccinated ones.
 
 
 
 
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Webster, Gregory, Rachael S. Olson, Zachary J. Schoppen, Nicholas Giancola, and Alfred L. George. "2355." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (2017): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.103.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Sudden death in the young (SDY) occurs in people between 1 and 40 years of age who do not have a known premortem risk factor for early death. Cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of causes of SDY. Sequencing of genes associated with congenital arrhythmia susceptibility and familial cardiomyopathy reveals pathogenic variants in 30% of postmortem cases (often called “molecular autopsy”). However, better data are needed to determine the prevalence of phenotype and genotype abnormalities in surviving relatives. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary pediatric center including all subjects with a family history of SDY. Cases were identified using ICD-9 codes (798.1 or .9, V17.41, V17.49, V19.8, V61.07), search of cardiology databases, and by recursive identification of all family members of a subject. Phenotype data was independently reviewed by a pediatric cardiologist. Genotype results were available when obtained by the original treating physician. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Cardiac evaluations were performed in 279 subjects from 175 families, of whom 117 subjects (42%) were first-degree relatives of the proband. Mean age of the subject at time of evaluation was 9 years (SD 5.9). Most probands were over 18 years at the time of SDY: 1–4 years of age (9%); 5–12 (5%); 13–17 (16%); 18–24 (18%); 25–40 (42%). A final diagnosis was determined in 55 families (20%), and a variant in a gene potentially causative of SDY was discovered in 20/55 (36%) of those families. Variants were classified as 50% pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 50% variants of unknown significance. Cardiac testing (ECG, echo, EST, signal averaged ECG, cardiac MRI, or EP study) was abnormal in 124/279 subjects (44%). Among those with abnormal studies, 57/124 (46%) were from a family where a final diagnosis could be determined (LQT 43%, HCM 21%, ARVC 4%, other cardiomyopathy 19%, WPW 5%, CPVT 2%). However, 67/279 of total subjects (24%) had at least 1 abnormal study and a final diagnosis was not determined in the family. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: An abnormal phenotype is common among relatives referred for cardiac evaluation after SDY. While testing identifies a family diagnosis in 20% of families, many patients have abnormal cardiac testing and no clear diagnosis can be made. An improved postmortem protocol for phenotype testing in relatives of a SDY victim and improved postmortem genetic testing may lead to a higher diagnosis rate and improved risk determination in surviving family members.
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Ciconte, G., G. Negro, A. Boccellino, et al. "Posterior wall isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a single center comparative study between ablation index and very high power short duration radiofrequency ablation protocol." Europace 26, Supplement_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euae102.782.
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Abstract Background Circumferential pulmonary veins ablation (CPVA) with posterior wall isolation (PWI) using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is gaining increasing interest in terms of safety and efficacy. Purpose To compare procedural data and efficacy between two radiofrequency ablation protocols for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF): very high power-short duration (vHPSD) ablation using a novel temperature-controlled ablation catheter and Ablation Index (AI) guided RFCA using traditional contact-force catheter. Methods This single center prospective study enrolled 75 consecutive patients (Group 1) with symptomatic PersAF undergoing RFCA using a novel contact-force catheter optimized for temperature-controlled ablation with microelectrodes and 6 thermocouples for real-time temperature monitoring during ablation. The vHPSD algorithm modulates power to maintain target temperature during these lesions (90 Watts, 4 s) in the posterior wall. RF delivery in anterior regions was performed in a temperature guided setting (1-45W, 45°C) to achieve a 500-550 AI. These patients were compared to 75 propensity matched patients (Group 2) undergoing PersAF ablation with traditional AI-guided ablation. Procedural data were compared between the two groups (Table 1). Procedural outcome was considered as loop recorder documented atrial arrhythmias recurrences and compared between the two groups. Results Seventy-five patients (69% male, 63.1±11.2 years old) underwent ablation with vHPSD protocol (Group 1). CPVA and PWI was achieved in all patients with total procedure and fluoroscopy times of 67.5±28.8 min and 4.5±2.8 min, respectively. After 12-month median follow-up, 57/75 patients (76%) were free from AF. Seventy-five propensity matched patients (69% male, 60.7±9.9 years old) have undergone ablation with standard contact-force catheter. CPVA and PWI was achieved in all patients with total procedure and fluoroscopy times of 81.99±20.5 min and 5.7±2.1 min, respectively. After 12-month median follow-up, 55/75 patients (73%) were free from AF. Procedural and fluoroscopy times were significantly lower in in Group 1 than in Group 2 (Table 1). AF recurrencies were comparable between the two groups as assessed with survival analysis (Figure 1, log-rank 0.509). There were no deaths or other severe periprocedural complications. Conclusions PWI on top of CPVA is effective in limiting arrhythmic recurrences following RFCA of PersAF. Compared to standard AI guided ablation, vHPSD protocol significantly reduces procedural time and fluoroscopy exposure. Clinical outcomes between the two protocols are similar.Figure 1
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Fernández, Almudena, Matías Morín, Diego Muñoz‐Santos, et al. "Simple Protocol for Generating and Genotyping Genome‐Edited Mice With CRISPR‐Cas9 Reagents." Current Protocols in Mouse Biology 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.69.
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Lee, S., H. T. Yu, S. H. Choi, et al. "Extended period rhythm outcomes of posterior box isolation of left atrium during pan-spectrum of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation in 4 randomized clinical trials." Europace 26, Supplement_1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euae102.085.
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Abstract Background Catheter-based electrical posterior box isolation (POBI) in addition to circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) did not improve rhythm outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablations (AFCA). We analyzed the long-term rhythm outcomes of previously conducted our 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CPVI vs. additional POBI by intention to treat. Methods We analyzed 575 AF patients who were included in 4 RCTs (PAF [paroxysmal AF], PEACEFUL [persistent to paroxysmal AF]; POBI [persistent and long-standing persistent AF]; and RILI [repeat procedures] trials) comparing the usefulness of additional POBI after further long-term protocol-based rhythm follow-up. We compared the primary endpoint as clinical recurrence after index procedure and major adverse cardiac event, and the secondary endpoint as procedure time, procedure-related complication rate, recurrence as atrial tachycardia (AT), and cardioversion or repeat procedure rates. We also conducted Cox regression analysis to evaluate the efficacy of POBI. Results After a median follow-up of 48months, there was no significant difference in the clinical recurrence (42.9% vs. 41.3%; log-rank P=0.855) and major adverse cardiac event (4.5% vs. 3.7%; log-rank P=0.675). Procedure time was significantly longer (p=0.003) and AT recurrence rate was higher (6.6% vs. 12.6%; log-rank P=0.014) in the additional POBI group. In patients who experienced clinical recurrence, there were no significant differences in the rates of cardioversion (33.9% vs. 46.6%, P=0.059) or the need for a repeat procedure (30.4% vs. 31.7%, P=0.955) between the two groups. Catheter-based POBI did not improve AFCA outcomes (HR 1.07 [0.81~1.40], P=0.655), regardless of paroxysmal, persistent to paroxysmal, persistent AFs, or the 2nd procedures. In the redo mapping after RCTs (n=64), PV reconnection rate did not differ, but reentrant AT was more common in POBI than in CPVI alone group (46.7% vs. 10.7%, P=0.007), while extra-PV trigger was more common in CPVI alone than in POBI group (29% vs. 3.0%, P=0.012). Conclusions Additional-POBI to CPVI did not improve long-term rhythm outcomes. Additional-POBI to CPVI is related to the increase of AT recurrence and the decrease of extra-PV trigger.
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Zhao, Dongsheng, Yan Dong, Qiushi Chen, Fengxiang Zhang, and Koulong Zheng. "Distribution Patterns of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Triggers and Catheter Ablation Success Rates." Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 30, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70065.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveInvestigate the distribution of triggers in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients and assess the efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein isolationI (CPVI) combined with non‐pulmonary veins (PV) trigger ablation over 1 year.MethodsThis prospective study included 130 PAF patients undergoing initial catheter ablation. A standardized protocol was applied before CPVI, followed by ablation targeting non‐PV triggers. Ablation success was marked by the inability to induce atrial fibrillation (AF) or related arrhythmias. Patients underwent Holter monitoring at intervals post‐surgery, culminating in a 7‐day exam at 12 months.ResultsAtrial fibrillation (AF) was induced in 88 patients (67.0%), with 94 foci identified. The left pulmonary vein was a common source, but the superior vena cava emerged as the most prevalent non‐PV site. The 1‐year success rate was 86.0%, with no significant differences in success rates among trigger types. However, non‐PV triggers were linked to lower recurrence rates post‐surgery (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.96, p = 0.04).ConclusionThe study found that the combination of drug stimulation and high‐frequency atrial stimulation before CPVI significantly boosted AF induction rates and revealed a high incidence of non‐PV triggers. Effective intraoperative induction and accurate identification of non‐PV triggers, particularly in the superior vein cava (SVC), contributed to a substantial reduction in postoperative recurrence rates. This approach suggests a potential strategy for improving outcomes in PAF treatment.
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Jacquot, Sylvie, Nathalie Chartoire, Françoise Piguet, Yann Hérault, and Guillaume Pavlovic. "Optimizing PCR for Mouse Genotyping: Recommendations for Reliable, Rapid, Cost Effective, Robust and Adaptable to High‐Throughput Genotyping Protocol for Any Type of Mutation." Current Protocols in Mouse Biology 9, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.65.
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Schwartz, Danielle, Kailee Trepanier, Ellina Lytvyak, Michael Zakhary, Joseph Kim, and Uma Chandran. "729. I Can CPO Clearing Now, the Iso is Gone." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.790.
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Abstract Background There is little research or guidance about clearing patients who are colonized with carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). The use of isolation precautions to reduce transmission needs to be balanced with the potential negative impacts of isolation on patient experience, quality of care and non-infection patient safety and outcome measures. Our objective was to develop and implement a standardized provincial protocol for clearing patients of their CPO-positive status. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to February 2023. Randomized control trials, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case series were included. This information was used to create a CPO clearing protocol for use by Alberta Health Services (AHS) Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). The protocol will be monitored through the provincial surveillance system (ProvSurv) to guide future changes. Results The literature showed that although CPO colonization can be prolonged (more than 12 months), a significant number of patients tested CPO-negative by 3 months since the last positive test. In addition, one-third of patients with 1 or 2 negative swabs subsequently tested CPO-positive. Therefore, the proposed provincial guidance is to re-screen patients 3 months after their last CPO-positive result. Three negative sets (without antibiotic pressure) done at least one week apart are required to clear a CPO flag; where a negative set includes a rectal swab or stool culture, cultures of previously positive sites if still clinically relevant, and additional currently relevant sites. Conclusion This project aimed to create a standardized provincial protocol for clearing patients of their CPO-positive status to decrease the duration of isolation, while also balancing resource management and patient-centred care. After implementation, next steps include evaluation by monitoring compliance and examining specific CPO-related indicators. There is potential for use by other healthcare institutions and organizations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Bassiouni, Mohamed, Katharina Stölzel, Alina Smorodchenko, Heidi Olze, and Agnieszka J. Szczepek. "Tackling the Mouse‐on‐Mouse Problem in Cochlear Immunofluorescence: A Simple Double‐Blocking Protocol for Immunofluorescent Labeling of Murine Cochlear Sections with Primary Mouse Antibodies." Current Protocols in Mouse Biology 10, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.84.
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Lim, Shi Yu Derek, Yingrou Tan, Yuning Zhang, Xiahong Zhao, Lai Guan Ng, and Hong Liang Tey. "In vivo imaging of patients with chronic pruritus of unknown origin reveals partial sweat duct obstruction with partial itch resolution upon retinoid treatment." Frontiers in Medicine 10 (September 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1265148.
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BackgroundChronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) is poorly understood and lacks effective treatment options.ObjectivesWe aimed to elucidate abnormalities in the sweat apparatus of patients with CPUO, and to assess efficacy and safety of treatment with systemic retinoids.MethodsAn initial case–control study included 20 affected patients and five healthy controls, for whom heat and sweating were induced, either through a standardized exercise protocol or ingestion of hot water. In vivo high-definition optical coherence tomography, whole-body starch-iodine testing, and skin biopsy for immunofluorescence staining were done to evaluate for sweat duct obstruction. A subsequent retrospective cohort analysis included 56 patients with CPUO, seen at an Itch subspecialty clinic of a single tertiary referral centre, who failed conventional treatments and were treated with isotretinoin and/or acitretin from May 2014 to November 2020. Treatment response to retinoids was defined as a sustained reduction in itch score of ≥2/10. Safety was assessed by proportion stopping treatment due to side effects.ResultsIn vivo imaging in 19 (95%) patients revealed features of partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction with statistically significant luminal dilatation compared to controls. Immunofluorescence studies of three patients’ paired lesional/non-lesional biopsies revealed dermcidin accumulation within sweat glands coupled with dermcidin leakage in itchy skin. Fifty-six patients (mean [SD] age 55.2 [17.5] years, 69.6% male) were treated with systemic retinoids. Mean (SD) duration of itch was 116.3 (140.4) months and mean (SD) itch score was 8.2 (1.8). Forty-one (73.2%) initially received isotretinoin, and 15 (26.8%) acitretin. At three months, mean itch score reduced by 2.38 (95% CI -3.2 to −1.6, p &lt; 0.0001). Thirty-eight (67.9%) had a sustained response. Eight (14.81%) achieved an itch score of 0 or 1, with four stopping treatment for a mean (SD) of 318.5 (291.2) days without relapse. Eight (14.3%) stopped or switched retinoid due to adverse effects, with similar incidences between both retinoids, the commonest being dryness.ConclusionBased on novel findings from physiological imaging studies identifying partial keratinaceous sweat duct obstruction in CPUO, we instituted systemic retinoid treatment to address the underlying pathology. In patients who failed conventional therapies, the treatment appears effective and safe.
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Tickle, P., O. K. Johnstone, K. M. Dibb, L. A. Venetucci, and A. W. Trafford. "Acute in vivo antiarrhythmic effects of cGMP-modifying drugs in the R2474S mouse model of catecholiminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia." Europace 27, Supplement_1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaf085.805.
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Abstract Background Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome arising from mutations in cardiac calcium regulatory proteins. CPVT has a high mortality rate when left untreated. First-line treatments such as β-blockers have incomplete effectiveness and may be poorly tolerated by patients. Consequently, new effective, safe and targeted antiarrhythmic therapies are urgently required. In particular, recent data (1) has indicated that targeting the cGMP pathway offers an alternative strategy to prevent ventricular arrhythmias. Purpose Our objective is to evaluate in vivo efficacy of acutely-administered cGMP modulating sGC activators (cinaciguat 0.3mg/kg, runcaciguat 0.3mg/kg) and PDE5i (tadalafil 1.0mg/kg) for treating CPVT-associated arrhythmias in a preclinical mouse model. Methods RyR2 R2474S+/- mice were used because they replicate the human CPVT arrhythmia phenotype. All experiments were performed in accordance with UK ASPA regulations. Intra-abdominal implantation of a biopotential-recording telemetry device (ETA-F10: DSI, USA) was completed under isoflurane (2%) anaesthesia. ECG electrodes were fixed sub-cutaneously in lead II configuration. After 7-days recovery, mice underwent an electrophysiological assessment protocol: i) 30 minute baseline recording; ii) drug or vehicle control (DMSO) injection (IP); iii) 30 minute recording of arrhythmias induced by isoprenaline injection (20 mg/kg IP). 7 days later, the experiment was repeated so that each mouse received a drug and vehicle control, and therefore acted as its own control. We also evaluated the efficacy of nadalol (70 mg/kg) to facilitate comparison with an existing clinical treatment. Arrhythmia severity was manually scored according to a modified scoring system (2) and ECG parameters (heart rate, PR and QT intervals) were calculated using Ponemah software (DSI, USA). Results In all cases, cGMP modifying drugs reduced arrhythmia severity (Figure 1). sGC activators cinaciguat (N=19) and runcaciguat (N=17) caused a reduction in average arrhythmia score by 42.1% (P=0.012) and 30.4% (P=0.026), respectively, while heart rate and ECG parameters remained unaffected (P&gt;0.05). PDE5i tadalafil (N=15) precipitated a 39.0% reduction (P=0.004) in arrhythmia score without effects on ECG parameters (P&gt;0.05). The β-blocker nadalol (N=9) also reduced arrhythmia severity (49.2%; P=0.026) and blunted the heart rate increase after isoprenaline (DMSO: 9.25% increase vs. nadalol: 0.03% decrease; P=0.045), but had no effect on PR or QT intervals (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrated that acute administration of cGMP modifying drugs can offer targeted and effective alternative therapeutic approaches to treat arrhythmias in CPVT. Data on chronically administering these drugs in R2474S mice will provide further insight into clinical suitability for prevention of arrhythmias in patients.
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Kalyanasundaram, Anuradha, Serge Viatchenko-Karpinski, Veronique Lacombe, et al. "Abstract 5323: Expression of Calsequestrin D307H Mutant Protein Partially Rescues the Abnormal Calcium Handling and Ultra Structural Defects of CASQ2 Null Hearts." Circulation 118, suppl_18 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_526-c.
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Calsequestrin (CASQ2) is the major calcium binding protein located in the cardiac junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR). Several mutations have been reported in human CASQ2 and have been linked to Catecholamine induced Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT). To understand how a point mutation CASQ2 D307H that changes the negative aspartate (D) to a positive histidine (H), causes ventricular tachycardia, we generated a mouse model that expresses the D307H mutant protein in a CASQ2 null background (CASQ2 −/− mice). Our results demonstrate that the mutant protein can be stably expressed, properly targeted and localized to the jSR. This refutes a recently reported study that suggested a highly unstable, easily degraded CASQ2 D307H mutant protein (J Clin Invest. 2007, 117(7):1814–23). Expression of the mutant CASQ2 D307H protein did not affect RyR2, DHPR, SERCA2a and calreticulin levels, but significantly restored both triadin and junctin from the very low levels in the CASQ2 −/− mouse. Expression and appropriate targeting of CASQ2 D307H was directly confirmed by electron microscopy: the “tightly” packed arrangement of CASQ2 within the jSR, which was completely missing in CASQ2 −/− mouse myocardium, was restored. This requires both the presence of CASQ2 and its interaction with triadin/junctin. Calcium transients and calcium load in ventricular myocytes isolated from CASQ2 D307H hearts were not significantly different from those of WT cells. Standard beta-adrenergic stimulation protocols did not induce spontaneous calcium releases and triggered beats in isolated CASQ2 D307H myocytes. Studies are in progress using telemetry to examine if the D307H mice in the null background develop VT upon exercise, a hallmark of CPVT linked mutations. Our studies thus far suggest that mutant CASQ2 D307H protein is capable of interacting with either triadin or junctin, or both, allowing it to be localized within the jSR. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that altered protein stability of CASQ2 D307H is not the causative mechanism for the CPVT phenotype. Other mechanisms such as altered interaction between jSR proteins, decreased SR buffering and/or altered regulation of the RyR2 channels by mutant CASQ2 D307H should be explored. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Great Rivers Affiliate (Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania & West Virginia).
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Placide, L., F. Sacher, P. Maury, V. Probst, and J. L. Pasquie. "P6581Association of neuro-psycho-behavioral troubles to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: a more severe arrhythmic phenotype?" European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1169.
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Abstract Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is defined by bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia during adrenergic situations and is associated to a poor long-term prognosis. Clinical cases suggest an association between epilepsy and/or neuro-psycho-behavioral troubles (NPBT) to cardiac channelopathies. Methods This is a retrospective observational study based on case analysis from the INTEGRALIS database of the referral center for inherited cardiac arrythmias in Nantes. Epidemiological and clinical-biological features of the population have been studied. Patients with Presence or Absence of NPBT were compared. Results:From 8306 pts in the whole database, 533 presented with VT and 71 pts were diagnosed with CPVT and genotyped. Symptom onset occurred at a medium age of 17.1±13.5 years. Median LVEF was 65% (IQR 9,8%) and median corrected QT interval (QTc) was 399 ms (IQR 27 ms). 77.5% of pts had fainting and/or syncopes, and there were 28.2% patients with a history of cardiac arrest. Time to diagnosis was below1 year for 44.2% of symptomatic pts. Symptoms occurred during exertion for 42.3% of pts including swimming. The prevalence of NPBT was 23,9%. 74% of NPBT were convulsive seizures, 21% psycho-behavioral troubles and 5% epilepsy proved by EEG. Median age of symptom onset was younger in the group “NPBT” (12.2±4 yo vs 19.2±15.5 yo). The rate of patients with symptoms during exertion was higher in the group “NPBT” (29.4 vs 7.4% P=0.031). A mutation in the gene of Ryanodine receptor-2 was found in 64.8% of pts. Comparisons patients w/wo NPBT NPBT (N=17) Without NPBT (N=54) Familial history of Sudden death 7/17 (41.2%) 24/54 (44.4%) NS Familial history of CPVT 5/17 (29.4%) 29/54 (53.7%) NS Medium age of symptom onset (yo) 12.1±4 19.2±15.5 P=0.021 Time to diagnosis <1 year 4/17 (23.5%) 16/54 (27.8%) NS Malaises and/or syncopes 17/17 (100%) 38/54 (70.4%) P=0.035 Cardiac arrest 9/17 (52.9%) 11/54 (20.4%) P=0.025 ICD Implantation 6/17 (35.3%) 12/54 (22.2%) NS Supraventricular arrhythmias 3/17 (17.7%) 6/54 (11.1%) NS Antiepileptic treatment 5/17 (29.4%) 2/54 (3.7%) P=0.009 Conclusion NPBT appears to be associated to a younger age of symptom onset and a higher rate of serious cardiac events particularly during swimming. This study will serve as preliminary data for further clinical and experimental protocols.
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Català, Pere, Nathalie Groen, Jasmin A. Dehnen, et al. "Single cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity of the human cornea to identify novel markers of the limbus and stroma." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01015-w.
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AbstractThe cornea is the clear window that lets light into the eye. It is composed of five layers: epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. The maintenance of its structure and transparency are determined by the functions of the different cell types populating each layer. Attempts to regenerate corneal tissue and understand disease conditions requires knowledge of how cell profiles vary across this heterogeneous tissue. We performed a single cell transcriptomic profiling of 19,472 cells isolated from eight healthy donor corneas. Our analysis delineates the heterogeneity of the corneal layers by identifying cell populations and revealing cell states that contribute in preserving corneal homeostasis. We identified expression of CAV1, HOMER3 and CPVL in the corneal epithelial limbal stem cell niche, CKS2, STMN1 and UBE2C were exclusively expressed in highly proliferative transit amplifying cells, CXCL14 was expressed exclusively in the suprabasal/superficial limbus, and NNMT was exclusively expressed by stromal keratocytes. Overall, this research provides a basis to improve current primary cell expansion protocols, for future profiling of corneal disease states, to help guide pluripotent stem cells into different corneal lineages, and to understand how engineered substrates affect corneal cells to improve regenerative therapies.
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Lin, Jui-Teng, and Michael Berry. "Efficacy Analysis of Corneal Photo-vitrification (CPV) for Improved Vision of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Eyes." Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal, June 21, 2022, 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/or/2022/v16i330238.
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Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of corneal photovitrification (CPV) for improved visions of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes.
 Study Design: Using CPV for improved visions of AMD eyes.
 Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, and Austin, TX, USA; between
 April, 2022 and June, 2022.
 Methodology: The CPV efficacy is calculated based on the rate equation given by dM/dt=-k(t) M(t), where M(t) is the PCV-treated corneal stroma; and k(t) is the rate coefficient given by an Arrhenius formula, k(t) = A0 exp[−Ea/(RT(t,z)], where t and z are the laser irradiation time and depth of the cornea stroma; Ea is the activation energy and R is the gas constant. The temperature spatial and temporal profiles are given by the numerical solutions of a heat diffusion equation with a volume heating source. Various effective depths including the tissue damage depth, temperature penetration depth and conversion depth, governed by the tissue absorption coefficient, light intensity and dose (or irradiation time), and the related threshold values, are introduced in replacing the conventional penetration depth based on a Beer's law.
 Results: The suggested protocol for CPV treatments include: a diode laser at about 2 µm wavelength (with absorption coefficient about 100 cm-1). The laser dose is about 25 J/cm2/spot and irradiation time of 150 ms.
 Conclusion: The efficacy of CPV may be predicted/calculated by our modeling based on rate equation and the corneal stroma temperature rise due to laser heating. The preferred retinal locus (PRL) movement observed post-CPV is caused mainly by neuroadaptation.
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Umar, Sajid, Di Gao, Semin Kim, et al. "Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) reveals a high prevalence of the CPV2c genotype among dogs suffering from diarrhea." Animal Diseases 4, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00107-6.
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AbstractCanine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its effective prevention of infection by vaccination. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China, rectal swabs from affected dogs were collected from different animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023. Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols. The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5% (33/200). A significant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs, age, breed and vaccination status. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples, which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains. Notably, four key mutations (A5G, F267Y, Y324I and Q370R) were detected in all isolates, and one novel mutation (I447M) was detected in three CPV-2 isolates. These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efficacy and the effectiveness of the virus immune evasion. Surprisingly, no recombination events were observed between the identified CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China. Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324, 426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure. This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.
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Thivierge, Grant, Ian M. Greenlund, Jeremy A. Bigalke, Jason R. Carter, and John J. Durocher. "Evening and Morning-After Aortic Wave Reflection Responses to Binge Alcohol Consumption." Physiology 39, S1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2024.39.s1.1346.
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Binge alcohol consumption acutely increases blood pressure and disrupts sleep. Recently, sleep irregularity has been linked to increases in aortic blood pressure. Increases in aortic wave reflection (i.e., aortic augmentation index) are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular risk. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute and next morning effects of evening binge alcohol consumption on aortic wave reflection. We tested the hypothesis that aortic augmentation index normalized to 75 heart beats per minute (AIx@75) and aortic pulsatile load (APL) would be increased acutely after binge drinking in the evening (study 1), and also the morning-after binge drinking compared to the morning after fluid control (study 2). Participants (n=33; 52% women; age 25±1 years; BMI 27±1 kg/m2) arrived at the laboratory at 4:00pm for baseline blood pressure and SphygmoCor (CPVH, Sydney, Australia) measures, and were provided a standardized meal verified by a registered dietitian. In a randomized order, separated by one month, participants completed a binge alcohol protocol (4-5 alcoholic drink equivalents within 2 hours) or fluid control. Alcohol or fluid control doses were administered in two equal allocates at 8 and 9 pm, and participants were provided 15 min to consume during each period. Binge alcohol consisted of a 1:3 mixture of 190 proof grain ethanol and fruit juice (i.e., Orange or Cranberry Juice) based on body weight and sex (1g/kg men, 0.85g/kg women), while the fluid control was only fruit juice in equal volume. Study 1 examined blood pressure, heart rate, aortic pulse pressure, APL, and AIx@75 before the standardized meal and then thirty minutes post-consumption of each allocated beverage using repeated measures ANOVA with condition (alcohol vs. fluid control) and time (baseline, post-drink 1, and post-drink 2) as within-subjects factors. Study 2 examined the same variables as study 1, but within 15 minutes of waking the morning after binge alcohol or fluid control using paired T-tests. Means were considered significantly different when p<0.05. In study 1, fluid control decreased HR and APL after doses one and two, while HR and APL were increased after the second dose of alcohol (time x cond. p<0.001). In study 2, morning-after HR was increased with binge alcohol compared to fluid control (57±1 vs. 63±2 beats/min; p<0.001). Morning-after APL (1857±66 vs. 2060±82 a.u.; p=0.012) and AIx@75 (2.9±2.5 vs. 6.5±2.4%; p=0.042) were also elevated in the binge alcohol condition. Our results indicate binge alcohol consumption acutely increases HR and APL the evening of consumption and increases HR, APL, and AIx@75 the morning after. These findings highlight a potential key physiological contributor to the known associations between binge alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk. NIH (AA-024892). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.