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Луковникова, Анна, Anna Lukovnikova, Виктор Алешков, Viktor Aleshkov, Алексей Лысак, and Aleksey Lysak. "Observing the neutron component during thunderstorm activity at a mountain CR station." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-53201906.
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During three summer months in 2015, the Cosmic Ray (CR) station Irkutsk-3000, located at 3000 m above sea level, measured the CR neutron component intensity with the 6NM64 neutron monitor, as well as the atmospheric electric field strength and the level of electromagnetic interference during lightning discharges. It is shown that the level of electromagnetic interference, when registered during lightning discharges, depends considerably on the fixed level of signal discrimination. During observations, we observed no effects of thunderstorm discharges at the neutron monitor count rate at the CR station Irkutsk-3000.
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Луковникова, Анна, Anna Lukovnikova, Виктор Алешков, Viktor Aleshkov, Алексей Лысак, and Aleksey Lysak. "Observing the neutron component during thunderstorm activity at a mountain CR station." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-53201906.
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During three summer months in 2015, the Cosmic Ray (CR) station Irkutsk-3000, located at 3000 m above sea level, measured the CR neutron component intensity with the 6NM64 neutron monitor, as well as the atmospheric electric field strength and the level of electromagnetic interference during lightning discharges. It is shown that the level of electromagnetic interference, when registered during lightning discharges, depends considerably on the fixed level of signal discrimination. During observations, we observed no effects of thunderstorm discharges at the neutron monitor count rate at the CR station Irkutsk-3000.
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Sprinkart, Alois, Christian Marx, Frank Träber, Wolfgang Block, Daniel Thomas, Hans Schild, Guido Kukuk, and Petra Mürtz. "Evaluation of Exponential ADC (eADC) and Computed DWI (cDWI) for the Detection of Prostate Cancer." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 190, no. 08 (July 25, 2018): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0637-9980.
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Purpose To directly compare different methods proposed for enhanced conspicuity and discriminability of prostate cancer on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and to compare the results to original DWI images and conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Materials and Methods Clinical routine prostate DWI datasets (b = 0, 50, 800 s/mm², acquired at a field strength of 3 T) of 104 consecutive patients with subsequent MR-guided prostate biopsy were included in this retrospective study. For each dataset exponential ADC maps (eADC), computed DWI images (cDWI), and additionally eADC maps for computed b-values of 2000 and 3000 s/mm² were generated (c_eADC). For each of 123 lesions, the contrast (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were determined. Differences in the CR and CNR of malignant lesions (n = 83) between the different image types and group differences between benign (n = 40), low-risk (n = 53) and high-risk (n = 30) lesions were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests. The ability to differentiate between benign and malignant and between low-risk and high-risk lesions was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results The CR and CNR were higher for computed DWI and related c_eADC at b = 3000 s/mm² and 2000 s/mm² compared to original DWI, conventional ADC and standard eADC. For differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, conventional ADC and CR of conventional ADC were best suited. For discrimination of low-risk from high-risk lesions, the CR of c_eADC was best suited followed by the CR of cDWI. Conclusion Computed cDWI or related c_eADC maps at b-values between 2000 and 3000 s/mm2 were superior to the original DWI, conventional ADC and eADC in the detection of prostate cancer. Key Points Citation Format
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Kokkinos, Evgenios, Aggeliki Banti, Ioanna Mintsouli, Aikaterini Touni, Sotiris Sotiropoulos, and Anastasios Zouboulis. "Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020532.
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A combination of thermal (500–750 °C in air) and hydrometallurgical (acidic) treatments have been applied to dried tannery sludge, resulting in the initial conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and its subsequent leaching as wastewater with high Cr(VI) concentration content (3000–6000 mg/L), presenting an extraction efficiency over 90%. The optimal electrochemical conditions for the subsequent Cr(VI) reduction with respect to acid concentration and acid kind were established by applying appropriate rotating disc electrode (RDE) experiments, using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and found to be equal or higher than 0.5 M H2SO4 (for the respective Cr(III) concentration range studied). The result from leaching Cr(VI) wastewater was further treated in small electrochemical bench-scale reactor for its conversion back to Cr(III) form, potentially reusable in the tanning industry. Ti-based anodes and a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode were used to treat small (350–800 mL) samples in batch, as well as in batch-recirculation prototype electrochemical reactors, under the application of constant current or appropriately applied potential to achieve Cr(VI) conversion/reduction efficiency over 95%.
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Kokkinos, Evgenios, Aggeliki Banti, Ioanna Mintsouli, Aikaterini Touni, Sotiris Sotiropoulos, and Anastasios Zouboulis. "Combination of Thermal, Hydrometallurgical and Electrochemical Tannery Waste Treatment for Cr(III) Recovery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020532.
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A combination of thermal (500–750 °C in air) and hydrometallurgical (acidic) treatments have been applied to dried tannery sludge, resulting in the initial conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and its subsequent leaching as wastewater with high Cr(VI) concentration content (3000–6000 mg/L), presenting an extraction efficiency over 90%. The optimal electrochemical conditions for the subsequent Cr(VI) reduction with respect to acid concentration and acid kind were established by applying appropriate rotating disc electrode (RDE) experiments, using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and found to be equal or higher than 0.5 M H2SO4 (for the respective Cr(III) concentration range studied). The result from leaching Cr(VI) wastewater was further treated in small electrochemical bench-scale reactor for its conversion back to Cr(III) form, potentially reusable in the tanning industry. Ti-based anodes and a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode were used to treat small (350–800 mL) samples in batch, as well as in batch-recirculation prototype electrochemical reactors, under the application of constant current or appropriately applied potential to achieve Cr(VI) conversion/reduction efficiency over 95%.
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Carmona, A., R. Orozco-Cruz, E. Mejía-Sánchez, A. Contreras, and R. Galván-Martínez. "Electrochemical Kinetic of a Low Carbon Steel in Seawater at Different Flow Speed." MRS Proceedings 1766 (2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.414.
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ABSTRACTAn electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) corrosion study of API X70 steel was carried out in synthetic seawater with different rotation speeds using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) to control the hydrodynamic conditions at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and 24 h of exposure time. A superficial analysis through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the corrosion type. The rotation speed used was 0 rpm (static condition), 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm (turbulent flow). The results show that the turbulent flow conditions affect directly the corrosion rate (CR) of the steel, because all values of the CR under turbulent flow conditions are higher than the CR values at static conditions. In addition, it is important to point out that at turbulent flow conditions, the CR increased as the rotation speed also increased. The morphology of the corrosion in all experiments was localized corrosion.
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Ribas, A., S. Antonia, J. Sosman, J. M. Kirkwood, B. Redman, T. F. Gajewski, D. Pavlov, C. Bulanhagui, J. Gomez- Navarro, and L. H. Camacho. "Results of a phase II clinical trial of 2 doses and schedules of CP-675,206, an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.3000.
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3000 Background: CP-675,206 has antitumor activity in pts with metastatic melanoma. A 2-stage, 2-arm phase II trial was conducted to choose the optimal dosing regimen for pivotal clinical trial testing. Methods: Eligible pts had measurable melanoma (stage IIIc or IV) progressing on or after prior therapy with ECOG PS = 1. In stage 1, 18 pts per arm were randomized to either 10 mg/kg monthly (10 Q1M) or 15 mg/kg every 3 months (15 Q3M). If 3 or more pts in either arm had CR or PR, then 25 more pts were entered to that arm. Primary endpoint was objective tumor response, and secondary endpoints were safety and survival. Results: 89 pts received at least 1 dose (44 at 10 Q1M, 45 at 15 Q3M), with both study arms moving to stage 2. 96% of pts had stage IV disease, and 57% had elevated LDH. There were no significant differences in age, sex, stage, or baseline LDH levels between study groups. A median of 3 doses (range, 1 to 26) at 10 Q1M and 1 dose (range, 1 to 9) at 15 Q3M were administered with 100% compliance. Dose delays occurred in 30% of pts treated at 10 Q1M and 16% at 15 Q3M. 2 pts at 10 Q1M and 5 pts at 15 Q3M continued on study beyond 12 months (mo). To date, 6 pts at 10 Q1M have been discontinued due to toxicity (3 diarrhea/colitis [1 requiring colectomy], Grave’s ophthalmopathy, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity reaction) and 2 pts at 15 Q3M (colitis and pancreatitis, diarrhea) (P = 0.14). There were no toxic deaths. 15 Q3M was associated with lower incidence of grade 3 or 4 AEs (31% vs 41% at 10 Q1M; P = 0.42). Responses by investigator assessment were 1 CR and 3 PRs at 10 Q1M, and 1 CR and 2 PRs at 15 mg/kg Q3M, including responses in skin, LN, bone, liver, lung, and adrenal glands. To date, only 1 pt with PR at 10 Q1M has relapsed, and the remaining responses are ongoing (18+ to 28+ mo). Median survival is 10.3 mo at 10 Q1M and 11.0 mo at 15 Q3M (P = NS). Conclusions: The 15 mg/kg Q3M regimen was chosen for further clinical testing based on comparable antitumor efficacy and a trend to improved feasibility and safety compared with 10 mg/kg Q1M. CP-675,206 at this dose and schedule is being examined in pivotal phase II and III clinical trials for pts with melanoma, and in early phase II trials in pts with CRC and NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Li, Guangbin, Yanhong Liu, Yingchun Zhang, Huailin Li, Xiaojing Wang, Mingmin Zheng, and Yusha Li. "High Temperature Anti-Oxidation Behavior and Mechanical Property of Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtered Cr Coating." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111509.
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A dense and uniform Cr coating was fabricated on the zirconium alloys fuel claddings by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering to improve the mechanical and anti-oxidation properties under 1200 °C steam environment. The phase composition and the micro and macro morphologies of the specimens were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical-microtopography (OM) analyses, and the high-temperature oxidation behavior was evaluated at 1200 °C steam environment for 3000 s. In this paper, there exists a positive correlation between thickness and Vickers hardness (HV), and a negative correlation between surface roughness and bonding force. Radial tensile was introduced to investigate the deformation-resistant performance, and the displacement of the Cr-coated specimen was as low as 2.32 mm, which was much lower than the uncoated zircaloy cladding (3.05 mm). Different thicknesses of Cr coatings were deposited to investigate the oxidation degrees of zircaloy cladding under a high-temperature steam environment. The optimal 6 μm Cr-coated zirconium alloys cladding exhibited an excellent anti-oxidation property, and the weight gain was as low as ~4.12 mg/cm2, which was almost one-third of the uncoated specimen.
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Łysoń-Sypień, B., K. Zakrzewska, M. Gajewska, and M. Radecka. "Hydrogen Sensor Of TiO2-Based Nanomaterials." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0233.
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Abstract The aim of this research was to examine gas sensing properties of TiO2 based nanomaterials. Nanopowders of Cr doped TiO2 with constant Specific Surface Area, SSA, were obtained using Flame Spray Synthesis technique, FSS. Nanomaterials were characterized by Brunauer – Emmett – Teller adsorption isotherms, BET, X – ray diffraction, XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM, optical spectrometry UV – vis with the use of an integrating sphere as well as impedance spectroscopy. Detection of hydrogen was carried out over the concentration range of 50 - 3000 ppm at the temperatures extending from 200 to 400°C and synthetic air working as a reference atmosphere. As a result of experiments it appeared that incorporation of 5 at.% of Cr into TiO2 improved hydrogen sensing features due to small crystallite size and predominance of rutile polymorphic phase.
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Lee, Dong Geun, Jun Won Baek, Jung Hyun Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Yeong Hyun Seo, Junseong Lee, Chong Gu Lee, and Bun Yeoul Lee. "Replacement of the Common Chromium Source CrCl3(thf)3 with Well-Defined [CrCl2(μ-Cl)(thf)2]2." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041167.
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CrCl3(thf)3 is a common starting material in the synthesis of organometallic and coordination compounds of Cr. Deposited as an irregular solid with no possibility of recrystallization, it is not a purity guaranteed chemical, causing problems in some cases. In this work, we disclose a well-defined form of the THF adduct of CrCl3 ([CrCl2(μ-Cl)(thf)2]2), a crystalline solid, that enables structure determination by X-ray crystallography. The EA data and XRD pattern of the bulk agreed with the revealed structure. Moreover, its preparation procedure is facile: evacuation of CrCl3·6H2O at 100 °C, treatment with 6 equivalents of Me3SiCl in a minimal amount of THF, and crystallization from CH2Cl2. The ethylene tetramerization catalyst [iPrN{P(C6H4-p-Si(nBu)3)2}2CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− prepared using well-defined [CrCl2(μ-Cl)(thf)2]2 as a starting material exhibited a reliably high activity (6600 kg/g-Cr/h; 1-octene selectivity at 40 °C, 75%), while that of the one prepared using the impure CrCl3(thf)3 was inconsistent and relatively low (~3000 kg/g-Cr/h). By using well-defined [CrCl2(μ-Cl)(thf)2]2 as a Cr source, single crystals of [(CH3CN)4CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− and [{Et(Cl)Al(N(iPr)2)2}Cr(μ-Cl)]2 were obtained, allowing structure determination by X-ray crystallography, which had been unsuccessful when the previously known CrCl3(thf)3 was used as the Cr source.
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Jain, Neeraj. "Solidification and Leachability of Cr (VI) in Rice Husk Ash-Blended Cement." ISRN Civil Engineering 2011 (June 16, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/183158.
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Investigations carried out to study the effect of Cr (VI) (1000–3000 mg/l) on solidification and hydration behavior of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash (RHA) blended (10%, 20%, and 30%) cement show that addition of RHA accelerates final setting as compared to control samples (OPC) and retardation in setting time has been observed on increase in rice husk ash concentration (10%–30%). Solidification studies show that the compressive strength of controls and rice husk ash blended samples increases with increase in the curing period and maximum strength was observed with 20% RHA blended samples. With the increase in Cr (VI) concentrations, the strength of OPC and RHA blended samples decreases as compared to controls (without chromium). The results of Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test, (pH≅3), show that the retention capacity of OPC and RHA blended samples was in the range of 92% to 99% and the leached Cr (VI) concentration was under the allowable limit (5 mg/l) of U.S. EPA. The chemistry of influence of Cr (VI) on hydration of cement was examined by X-ray diffraction which shows the formation of various crystalline phases during solidification in rice hush ash blended cement.
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Cheng, Qingyuan, Shuxin Ye, Chuqi Fu, Jiejie Zhou, Xiaxia He, Haiwei Miao, Nina Xu, and Meihao Wang. "Quantitative evaluation of computed and voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging in breast cancer." British Journal of Radiology 92, no. 1100 (August 2019): 20180978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180978.
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Objectives: To assess the value of computed diffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI) and voxelwise computed diffusion-weighted imaging (vcDWI) in breast cancer. Methods: This retrospective study involved 130 patients (age range, 25–70 years; mean age ± standard deviation, 48.6 ± 10.5 years) with 130 malignant lesions, who underwent MRI examinations, including a DWI sequence, prior to needle biopsy or surgery. cDWIs with higher b-values of 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, and 4000 s/mm2, and vcDWI were generated from measured (m) DWI with two lower b-values of 0/600, 0/800, or 0/1000 s/mm2. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast ratio (CR) of all image sets were computed and compared among different DWIs by two experienced radiologists independently. To better compare the CR with the SNR, the CR value was multiplied by 100 (CR100). Results: The CR of vcDWI, and cDWIs, except for cDWI1000, differed significantly from that of measured diffusion-weighted imaging (mDWI) (cDWI1000: CR = 0.4904, p = 0.394; cDWI1500: CR = 0.5503, p = 0.006; cDWI2000: CR = 0.5889, p < 0.001; cDWI2500: CR = 0.6109, p < 0.001; cDWI3000: mean = 0.6214, p < 0.001; cDWI3500: CR = 0.6245, p < 0.001; cDWI4000: CR = 0.6228, p < 0.001). The vcDWI provided the highest CR, while the CRs of all cDWI image sets improved with increased b-values. The SNR of neither cDWI1000 nor vcDWI differed significantly from that of mDWI, but the mean SNRs of the remaining cDWIs were significantly lower than that of mDWI. The SNRs of cDWIs declined with increasing b-values, and the initial decrease at low b-values was steeper than the gradual attenuation at higher b-values; the CR100 rose gradually, and the two converged on the b-value interval of 1500–2000 s/mm2 . Conclusions: The highest CR was achieved with vcDWI; this could be a promising approach easier detection of breast cancer. Advances in knowledge: This study comprehensively compared and evaluated the value of the emerging post-processing DWI techniques (including a set of cDWIs and vcDWI) in breast cancer.
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Tang, Xi, Zhi Dong Xiang, H. Pan, Ze Xi Yuan, Run Wu, and X. Chen. "Minimum Al Content for Forming Alumina Scale on Creep Resistant Ferritic Steels at 650 °C." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1080.
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This study was carried out to determine the minimum Al content needed to form an Al2O3scale on creep resistant ferritic steels at 650 °C. Two steels differing mainly in Al content were oxidized in air at 650 °C for 3000 h. One of the steels contained 2.3 wt% Al and the other 1.9 wt% Al. Oxidation resistance of the two steels was also compared with that of the commercial P92 steel at the same temperature. The oxidation was monitored by weight gain measurement. XRD, SEM and EDS techniques were used to analyze the scale formed on the surface of the steels. For the steel containing 2.3 wt% Al, a continuous Al2O3scale was observed after 3000 h of oxidation and growth of the scale was parabolic with an extremely low rate constant of 0.00058 mg cm-2h-1/2. For the steel containing 1.9 wt% Al, however, only a non-protective scale was formed, which exhibited a layer structure that consisted of an outermost porous Fe2O3layer, followed by a relatively dense intermixed Fe2O3and FeCr2O4inner layer and then by an internal oxidation layer containing voids, Al2O3and un-reacted metal particles in addition to Fe and Cr oxides; growth of this type of non-protective scale followed the logarithmic kinetics Δmt=klln(αt+ 1) for oxidation times up to 3000 h.
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Mackall, Crystal, William D. Tap, John Glod, Mihaela Druta, Warren Allen Chow, Dejka M. Araujo, Stephan A. Grupp, et al. "Open label, non-randomized, multi-cohort pilot study of genetically engineered NY-ESO-1 specific NY-ESO-1c259t in HLA-A2+ patients with synovial sarcoma (NCT01343043)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.3000.
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3000 Background: NY-ESO-1 is expressed in ~70% of synovial sarcomas (SS). NY-ESO-1c259T cells recognizing an NY-ESO-1 derived peptide complexed with HLA-A*02 are being studied in SS. Methods: Eligible patients (pt) are HLA-A*02:01, 02:05 or 02:06, with unresectable, metastatic or recurrent SS expressing NY-ESO-1. Primary endpoint of ORR (CR+PR) is evaluated in high (≥ 50% tumor cells express 2+/3+) and low (≥ 1+ in ≥ 1% cells, not exceeding 2+/3+ in ≥ 50% cells) NY-ESO-1 expressers with different lymphodepleting regimens. Secondary endpoints are safety, DOR, PFS, OS, and gene-marked cell persistence. Lymphocytes are obtained by leukapheresis, isolated, activated, transduced to express NY-ESO-1c259T, and expanded. Target dose is 1–6 × 109cells. Disease is assessed at wk 4, 8 and 12 post-T-cell infusion, and then every 3 months. Results: 34 pt have been enrolled with 24 treated. 50% are male; median age is 30 yr (range 15 – 73). 12/15 pt in cohort 1 were treated. ORR was 50% (1 CR; 5 PR). Time to response was 6 wk (range 4-9) and median DOR 31 wk (range 13-72). Cohort 3 was closed due to only 1 PR out of 5 pt. Evaluation is ongoing in cohorts 2 (6 enrolled; 5 treated) and 4 (8 enrolled; 2 treated) as of 1/9/17. The most common AE are leukopenia (96%), nausea and pyrexia (88%), neutropenia (88%), lymphopenia (83%), anemia (79%), and thrombocytopenia (79%). 11 events of CRS were reported (3 G3; 1 G4), with no events of seizure, cerebral edema or fatal neurotoxicity; all resolved with supportive therapy. One fatal SAE (bone marrow failure) occurred in cohort 2; investigations have not identified a mechanism by which NY-ESO-1c259T may have caused this event. Conclusions: NY-ESO-1c259T has promising efficacy and acceptable safety. CRS is not associated with severe neurotoxicity and appears manageable with appropriate supportive care. Cohort 3 data indicate that Flu may be important for efficacy. Efficacy and safety data will be further evaluated and presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01343043. [Table: see text]
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Vieira, Márcio Mário, Herbert Ugrinowitsch, Guilherme Menezes Lage, and Rodolfo Novellino Benda. "Efeitos dos intervalos de tempo de apresentação de conhecimento de resultados (CR) na aquisição de habilidades motoras." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 25, no. 4 (December 2011): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-55092011000400012.
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O aspecto temporal do Conhecimento de Resultados (CR) é composto por três intervalos: pré-CR, pós-CR e o intervalo intertentativas. Um problema sobre este tópico é que a manipulação de um intervalo implica na alteração dos outros, o que sugere uma análise conjunta desses intervalos. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos dos intervalos de tempo de apresentação de CR na aquisição de habilidades motoras. Foi utilizada uma tarefa de posicionamento manual, que consistia em transportar três bolas de tênis entre seis recipientes em ordem e tempo alvo pré-estipulados. O instrumento continha uma plataforma com seis recipientes e uma central de controle ligada ao microcomputador. O estudo teve a fase de aquisição, com 30 tentativas com a sequência (4-2/5-3/6-1) e tempo alvo (3000 ms) definidos pelo experimentador. Dez minutos após o término da fase de aquisição foi aplicado o teste de transferência imediata e, após 24 horas, o teste de transferência atrasada. Ambos os testes tiveram de 15 tentativas de prática, de uma nova sequência de movimento (6-1/5-3/4-2) e tempo alvo (4000 ms), sem fornecimento de CR. Noventa universitários foram divididos em nove grupos (n = 10): três grupos com quatro segundos, três grupos com oito segundos e três grupos com 16 segundos de intervalo intertentativas, todos com intervalos pré e pós-CR distintos. Os resultados mostraram que menores intervalos intertentativas tiveram melhor desempenho nos testes. Isto sugere que o tempo para processamento de informação não deve ser longo, o que aumentaria a demanda de atenção e a exigência de memória.
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Kang, B. H., M. H. Park, and K. A. Lee. "Effect of Strut Thickness on Room and High Temperature Compressive Properties of Block-Type Ni-Cr-Al Powder Porous Metals." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0203.
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AbstractThis study investigated the effect of strut thickness on the room and high temperature compressive properties of block-type Ni-Cr-Al powder porous metals with ~3000 μm pore size manufactured using a new powder process. Two block-type Ni-Cr-Al porous metals with different strut thicknesses were manufactured. The strut thicknesses of two block foams were 340 μm (A) and 383 μm (B), respectively. Room temperature, 500°C, 650°C and 800°C compressive tests were performed. The compressive results identified typical elastic, plateau and densification regions of foam material in all temperature conditions. Regardless of the strut thickness, compressive strength (maximum peak stress) decreased as deformation temperature increased. In all deformation temperature ranges, the compressive strength measured higher in the porous metal with greater strut thickness (B). The high temperature deformation behavior of powder porous metal was confirmed to be affected by the structural factor and microstructural factor of the porous metal. With the findings described above, this study also discussed the high temperature deformation mechanism of the Ni-Cr-Al metal foam based on fracture surfaces after the high temperature compressions.
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Bibi, Maria, Samiullah Khan, Attiq-Ur-Rehman Kakar, Naqeebullah Khan, Abdul Hakeem Tareen, Sahifa Bibi, and Habiba Taj. "Determination of essential and non-essential elements in Xylanthemum macropodum of Balochistan, Pakistan." Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences 2, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v2i02.39.
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Background: Medicinal plants have been used to treat various diseases for several years throughout the world. Xylanthemum macropodum is a medicinal plant with a vast application as a home remedy in Balochistan. Objective: The current study was conducted to determine the levels of essential and non-essential elements in Xylanthemum macropodum collected from Quetta (Balochistan, Pakistan). Methods: Analysis was conducted for eleven elements by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and flame photometer. Results: The essential and non-essential elements that were detected in Xylanthemum macropodum are K, Na, Ca, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb, respectively. The result of the concentration of determined elements are in the order of K> Na> Ca> Fe> Cu> Co> Ni> Mn> Cd> Cr> Pb in Xylanthemum macropodum 3000> 1600> 790.25> 92.36> 85.31> 49.24> 40.94> 20.94> 6.655> 1.61> 1.18 µg/g respectively. Conclusions: Mn, Na and Pb were found within the permissible limit given by World Health Organization, while Ca, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd and Cr were beyond the permissible limits. However, there is no permissible limit for K and Co.
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Sucurovic, Aleksandra, Jelena Trickovic, Snezana Maletic, Marijana Kragulj Isakovski, Akos Kukovecz, Miljana Prica, and Bozo Dalmacija. "Effects of Anions on Adsorption of Trace Levels of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) by Amino-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5454.
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This work studies the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI)) in aqueous solutions on amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) in the ppb concentration range (50-3000 �g/l) as a function of contact time, initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the presence of four inorganic electrolyte anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, PO43-). The adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution was studied using different kinetic models. The results showed that the adsorption process is best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model indicating that the process is controlled by chemisorptions through electrostatic attraction and chemical interaction/complexation between the metal ions and the surface functional groups of MWCNTs-NH2. The intra-particle diffusion model showed that diffusion is slow, but did not govern the rate of the overall adsorption process. The effects of Cl-, SO42-, NO3- and PO43- anions on the adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) are variable (improvement, reduction, no impact).
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Kinoshita, Hisao, Benfu Hu, and H. Takahashi. "Effect of Helium and Aging Treatment on Radiation Damage Behavior in Low Activation Fe-Cr-Mn (W, V) Alloy." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1455.
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The effects of helium and aging treatment on radiation damage behavior in low activation Fe-Cr-Mn ( W, V) alloy were investigated by electron and helium ion dual-beam irradiation in a high voltage electron microscope. Specimens were aged at 673 K, 823 K and 923 K for 1000, 3000 and 10000 hours. Electron and He ion dual-beam irradiations were performed at 627 K to 10 dpa. M23C6 type carbides were precipitated in the aged specimens, and the amount of the precipitates was increased with increasing aging temperature and aging time. He bubbles were formed during dual-beam irradiation in all of the specimens. The cavity swelling under dual-beam irradiations was increased with increasing the aging temperature and aging time. It was suggested that cavity swelling is closely related to the concentration of solutes such as Cr and C in the matrix, namely cavity growth rate becomes higher with decreasing of the solutes in solution.
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Liang, Qiufang, Xiaofeng Ren, Haile Ma, Suyun Li, Kangkang Xu, and Ayobami Olayemi Oladejo. "Effect of Low-Frequency Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymolysis on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Corn Protein Hydrolysates." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2784146.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the enzymolysis of corn protein. A L9(34) orthogonal design was used to optimize ultrasound pretreatment conditions. Degree hydrolysis (DH), conversion rate of protein (CR), and DPPH IC50were selected as analytical indicators. Under the optimal ultrasound conditions (5 W/L power, 2 s/2 s on/off time, 50°C temperature, and 25 min time), the DH, CR, and radical (DPPH∙,OH∙) scavenging capacities were significantly increased. Molecular weight distribution and amino acid profile analysis showed that ultrasound pretreatment enhanced the formation of short-chain peptides with molecular weight of 200–3000 Da, especially the peptides containing hydrophobic amino acids. Moreover, 40 potential antioxidant peptides were purified by C18 semipreparative column and identified by UPLC-ESI-MS. The results suggest that the optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis technology could be useful for preparation of antioxidant peptides from corn.
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Perez, Alessandra Maia Marques Martinez, Martin Eduardo Poletti, Alessandra Tomal, Paula Duarte Correia, Renato Paciência, and Marcia Carvalho Silva. "Estudo Experimental da Otimização em Sistemas de Mamografia Digital CR e DR." Revista Brasileira de Física Médica 11, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29384/rbfm.2017.v11.n2.p11-15.
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O recente avanço da mamografia digital no Brasil como ferramenta de rastreamento do câncer mamário e as evidências de outras condições de otimização, quando comparadas à mamografia tela filme, requerem que novos parâmetros de qualidade sejam incluídos e estudados, bem como que as condições de otimização sejam revistas. Este trabalho visou a determinar a técnica radiográfica otimizada para dois sistemas de detecção (CR e DR) em uso em três unidades de mamografia: Mammomat 3000 Nova (Siemens), Senographe DMR (GE) e Senographe 2000D (GE). A otimização foi conduzida para diferentes fatores técnicos e configurações de simuladores de mama, tais como valores de kilovoltagem (26 a 32 kV), combinações anodo/filtro (Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh e Rh/Rh), material simulador de mama de várias espessuras (2 a 8 cm) e lesões simuladas como massas e calcificações, usando uma figura de mérito (FOM) como parâmetro. As combinações anodo/filtro que proporcionaram os maiores valores de FOM foram Mo/Rh para o equipamento da marca Siemens e Rh/Rh para ambos os equipamentos da marca GE, correspondentes aos espectros mais energéticos de cada unidade. Foi observada ainda uma tendência de aumento do kV que maximiza FOM com o aumento da espessura.
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Whitby, Michael. "G. Webster, H. Elton (intro.): The Roman Imperial Army of the First and Second Centuries A.D. (Third Edition). Pp. xxiii + 349, 54 figs, 32 pls. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. Paper, $19.95. ISBN: 0-8061-3000-8." Classical Review 49, no. 1 (April 1999): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.1.286.
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Berry, Donald A., Michael Elashoff, Steven Blotner, Ruthie Davi, Philip Beineke, Mark Chandler, David S. Lee, Lin Chi Chen, and Somnath Sarkar. "Creating a synthetic control arm from previous clinical trials: Application to establishing early end points as indicators of overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 7021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.7021.
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7021 Background: Clinical trials of experimental drugs require controls. Concurrently randomized controls are the gold standard for judging drug effect. Historical controls are not ideal but are much more efficient and economical. Historical controls derived from a single clinical trial have the biases of that trial. Using many trials with comparable end points and eligibility minimizes such bias. Medidata’s archive contains >3000 trials with clinical data rights for deidentified aggregated analyses. We used this resource to develop a synthetic control arm (SCA) for a particular phase I/II single-arm trial in AML. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by addressing a different but equally important issue: establishing early end points as predictors of long term clinical outcomes. Methods: We built an SCA from 7 relapsed/refractory AML trials completed in last 5 yrs. They had similar eligibility criteria as a particular phase I/II trial for an investigational agent. We selected subjects for the SCA who had baseline covariates matching the subjects in the tri.al. Data cleaning and standardization ensured consistency of data fields. The primary outcomes were CR (complete remission) and CRi (CR without hematologic recovery) at 56 days, and overall survival (OS) subsequent to 56 days. Non-CR/non-CRi deaths before 56 days were set to OS=0. We used a landmark analysis to correlate CR and CRi with OS, calculating the hazard ratio (HR) of OS of CR and CRi vs its comparison group. Results: The SCA included 340 subjects (median age 63 yrs, 55% male, 77% White Non-Hispanic, 28% ECOG 0). Results are in this table. Conclusions: The Medidata trial archive is a resource for creating SCAs. The example SCA we created identified well-defined subjects for whom a CR or CRi is associated with longer OS. Investigations of SCAs for other drugs could aid in addressing the types of subjects and drug categories for which CR or CR/CRi predict longer OS. Such information can help build more efficient and more informative adaptive clinical trials. [Table: see text]
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Gabrielli, P., G. Cozzi, S. Torcini, P. Cescon, and C. Barbante. "Source and origin of atmospheric trace elements entrapped in winter snow of the Italian Eastern Alps." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 19, 2006): 8781–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-8781-2006.
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Abstract. Trace elements concentrations were determined in shallow snow samples from 21 sites in the Italian Eastern Alps in order to identify the sources of the contaminants present in the tropospheric winter boundary layer. The collection of superficial snow layers was carried out weekly at altitudes between 1000 and 3000 m next to meteorological stations, far away from villages, roads and ski slopes. Ultra clean procedures were adopted in order to avoid contamination of the snow during the different experimental phases. Trace elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Mn, Pb, Sb, Ti, U, V and Zn) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometer (ICP-SFMS). Ancillary parameters such as major ions (SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+;, Mg2+, K
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Kalyon, Ali, Dursun Özyürek, Mustafa Günay, and Hasan Aztekin. "Dry Sliding Wear Behaviours of Valve Seat Inserts Produced from High Chromium White Iron." High Temperature Materials and Processes 34, no. 7 (December 18, 2014): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0110.
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Abstract In this present study, wear behaviours of high chromium white iron valve seat inserts and tappets used in the automotive sector were investigated. Wear behaviours of three different rates of high chromium white cast irons (containing 10, 12 and 14% chromium) were examined under heavy service conditions. For that purpose, the produced valve seat inserts were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness measurements. They were tested at a sliding speed of 1 ms−1, under 120 N load and for six different sliding distances (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 m) by using a standard wear apparatus (pin-on-disk type). The result showed that as the amount of Cr increased in the alloys, their hardness decreased. The decrease in the hardness were considered to be as the result of transformation of M7C3 carbides into M23C6 carbides in the structure. This decrease in hardness with increasing chromium content also increased the weight loss. Thus, it was determined that the white iron with 14% Cr (which had a greater amount of M23C6 carbides) was subjected to the highest wear.
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Gandais, V. "Clay mineral sources of the Grenada Basin, Southeastern Caribbean." Clay Minerals 22, no. 4 (December 1987): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.4.03.
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AbstractThis study of the Quaternary clay sedimentation in the Grenada Basin (Southeastern Caribbean) is based on six cores raised from depths of 1800 to 3000 m. Mineralogical analysis of <2 µm and <0·3 µm fractions revealed the presence of a four-component association — smectites, illite, kaolinite and chlorite — in which smectites were always dominant. These minerals were derived from two sources: the Lesser Antilles Arc, which contributed only smectites and kaolinite, and the South American continent, where smectites, kaolinite, chlorite and illite coexist. Geochemical data indicate that Ba and Cr are specific indicators of the South American minerals, whereas Cu characterizes the Antillean clays. The South American contribution, now prevailing, was less important during the Sangamon. The Antillean contribution was episodically predominant during the Wisconsin.
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Gupta, D., V. Raina, N. K. Shukla, G. K. Rath, B. K. Mohanti, and D. N. Sharma. "Retrospective comparison of response rates and survival with neoadjuvant docetaxel versus anthracycline-based chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e11564-e11564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e11564.
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e11564 Background: LABC is a major problem in our country comprising of ≥ 20% of all breast cancer patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now standard treatment for LABC but randomized trials have failed to show survival advantage. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed locally advanced breast cancer (stage III) patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) from January 2000 to December 2008. Out of 3000 case records screened, 570 (19%) were LABC and 110/570 (19%) treatment-naïve patients started on NACT were analyzed. Ninety one (37 docetaxel [D], 54 anthracycline [A]) patients were eligible for response and survival analysis. Pathological CR (pCR) was defined as no evidence of malignancy in both breast and axilla. Survival curves generated using Kaplan-Meier method and survivals compared using log-rank test. Results: Median age of whole cohort was 45 years (range 25–68 years). Premenopausal were 42% and ER+ 49.5%. Most (90%) were T4 tumors and 70% were stage IIIB. Median number of preoperative cycles was 3 and 6 in D and A group. Overall clinical response rates for breast primary were 74.3% (CR 28.6%) and 53.7% (CR 16.7%, p=0.58) while for axilla ORR were 75.7% (51.4% CR) vs 54.8% (40.4% CR, p=0.77) respectively for D and A. Corresponding pCR rates were 19% vs 13% respectively. There was no significant difference in disease free (3 year 56.84% vs 61.16%, p=0.80) and overall survival (3 year 70% vs 78.5%, p=0.86) between two groups. Those who achieved pCR in both groups also had no survival advantage (p=0.34) over non achievers. There was no difference in pCR rates for ER+ vs ER- patients but ER+ patients had significantly higher DFS than ER- patients (p=0.05). Conclusions: Although pCR rates were higher with docetaxel based NACT, it did not translate into superior DFS/OS compared to anthracycline based chemotherapies. Achievement of pCR too, was not associated with any survival advantage. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Advani, Anjali S., Holly Gundacker, Nolyn Nyatanga, Paul Elson, Peter J. Rosen, Jennifer Bates, Mikkael A. Sekeres, et al. "Response to High Dose Cytarabine (HIDAC) As First Salvage for Relapsed Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Patients Receiving HIDAC As Initial Therapy." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2594.2594.
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Abstract Abstract 2594 The treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is challenging. Traditional induction regimens have incorporated vincristine, anthracycline, asparaginase, and steroids that result in high rates of complete remission (CR). However, less than half of pts in CR will be cured. To improve results, high dose cytarabine (HIDAC) has been increasingly incorporated into post-remission therapy. Since HIDAC is often used to treat relapsed ALL, we hypothesized that the prior use of HIDAC would reduce the CR rate when it is applied to pts at the time of their first relapse. Methods: Consecutive pts with ALL in first relapse treated with HIDAC-containing regimens either at the Cleveland Clinic (CC) between the years 1993–2010 or at any institution participating in SWOG trial S9030 (HIDAC 3000 mg/m2 Days 1–5, mitoxantrone 80 mg/m2 Day 1) (1992–1993) were included. HIDAC was defined as a cycle of at least 3000 mg/m2 × 5 days. Remission was defined according to standard criteria. The outcome analysis [CR and overall survival (OS)] was adjusted for the following factors: age, WBC at diagnosis, cytogenetic (CG) risk, immunophenotype, transplant, and prior HIDAC exposure. Results: Sixty-six pts were included (39 treated at CC, and 27 as part of SWOG protocol S9030). All pts received a vincristine/prednisone/anthracycline/steroid-based induction regimen (S8417, CALGB 19802, CALGB 8811) except for 1 pt who was treated with hyperCVAD. Seventeen pts treated at CC had HIDAC incorporated into their initial treatment (1: hyperCVAD; 16: CALGB 19802), but none of the SWOG pts did. The median age was 35 yrs (range 17 to 73). The median WBC at the time of diagnosis for CC pts was 21.4 K/uL (range 0.5–260.0) and median WBC at the time of study registration for SWOG patients was 17.6 K/uL (range 0.4–198.4). Three pts (5%) had a mixed (B/T) lineage leukemia. Three patients had lymphoblastic lymphoma (1 B-cell; 2 T-cell) at the time of initial diagnosis, and had ALL at the time of relapse. For the 39 CC pts, the median time from diagnosis to relapse was 12 mos (range 1–55 mos). CG risk was ascribed by CALGB criteria. Of the 50 pts with evaluable pre-study CG, 20 pts (40%) had normal CG, 18 (36%) miscellaneous, and 12 (24%) poor risk CG. Twenty pts (30%) received HIDAC alone, and 46 (70%) received HIDAC in combination with other drugs for relapsed ALL. The CR rate for all relapsed pts was 32% (CC 36% and SWOG 26%) and was not affected by the addition of other drugs to HIDAC. Twenty-nine patients (44%) were able to proceed to HSCT; and the median OS was 5.4 mos (95% CI: 4.8–6.0 mos). After adjusting for all baseline and demographic factors, the CR rate and OS between pts receiving or not receiving HIDAC during initial treatment was not significantly different. Five of 17 (29%: 95% CI 10%-56%) pts with prior exposure to HIDAC achieved CR while 16 of 49 (33%: 95% CI 20%-48%) pts without prior HIDAC exposure achieved a CR (p=0.80). The 1 year OS (from salvage) for pts treated with HIDAC for relapse who also were treated with prior HIDAC was 12% (95% CI: 0%-27%) and for pts not treated with prior HIDAC was 33% (95% CI: 20%-46%)(p=0.17). Since additional information was available on the CC pts, additional analyses were performed on this subgroup of pts. With the exception of lymphoblastic lymphoma at the time of diagnosis, no other factors correlated with achievement of CR. Achievement of CR was the only factor associated with proceeding to HSCT (79% vs. 36%, p=0.01). Variables associated with improved OS included: lymphoblastic lymphoma at the time of diagnosis (p=0.04; 2 of the 3 pts are still being followed at 80+ and 96+ mos), achievement of CR (p=0.0001), longer remission (> 30 mos, p=0.005), and transplantation (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The outcome of relapsed ALL with HIDAC salvage therapy is dismal, regardless of prior HIDAC exposure; and novel treatments are needed. There was a suggestion that the OS of pts with prior HIDAC exposure may be lower, but further study of 1 year OS with larger pt numbers will be needed to evaluate this. An interesting finding in this study was the favorable outcome of pts with lymphoblastic lymphoma at diagnosis, who subsequently relapsed in the leukemic phase and were treated with HIDAC. However, few pts carried this diagnosis and a larger number of pts are required before drawing firm conclusions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Campagna, Aline Fernanda, Beatriz Kawamura Rodrigues, Roberta Corrêa Nogueirol, Nelsy Fenerich Verani, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola, and Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni. "Use of artificial sediment to assess toxicity of chromium on Chironomus xanthus, Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 25, no. 1 (March 2013): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013000100006.
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AIM: Artificial sediments with simple formulations were used to assess the toxicity of Cr to C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata. METHODS: The organisms were exposed to two sediment formulations: one without organic matter (S0) and one with 1% organic matter (SIII), both contaminated with Cr at concentrations of 90, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 mg/kg for the assays with C. xanthus, and 375, 750, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg for those with the two fish species. Chromium was obtained from the potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). RESULTS: The results of the acute toxicity tests demonstrated a reduction of up to four times in toxicity with the presence of OM, consisting of biodegradable detritus, even at the low concentration used (1%), and that C. xanthus was most sensitive to the metal. The reduction in the chromium toxicity was indicated by the LC50 values, which were higher in SIII (1234.43 mg/kg; 2263.54 m/kg; 2244.48 mg/kg) than in S0 (340.56 mg/kg; 1731.04 mg/kg; 1733.55 mg/kg) for C. xanthus, D. rerio and P. reticulata, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the repeatability of the results obtained, the artificial sediments with simple formulations were satisfactory to assess toxicity and can thus provide reliable results in ecotoxicological studies
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Zhang, Shu Pin, Zan Liu, and Chang Jun Qiu. "Effects of Glass Glaze on Wear Resistance of Cr2O3 Ceramic Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (December 2012): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.267.
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In this paper, the thermal spraying powder, which was made by sintering, was respectively mixed by Cr2O3 and glass glaze at the mass ratio of 85%, 95%, and 100%.The three mixed powders were sprayed on the surface of 45 steel by CP-3000 subsonic spray gun. Then the samples were heated in the resistance furnace until the temperature reached 1050°C. At room temperature,the wear resistance of these three kinds of coatings were investigated along with load and time changing under water lubricating. The impact of glass glaze on coatings was found after analyzing the change of the weight loss of the coatings. The result showed that there was not the shedding of splat except some brittle micro-peeling at the rim of splat and furrow on the surface of 85% and 95% Cr2O3 ceramic coatings. The wear resistance of the coatings was improved with the increase of the percentage of glass glaze , and began to desend when the percentage arrived at a certain degree. It indicated that the wear resistance was the best when the percentage was about 95% in this experiment.
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Ono, Takaaki, Akihiro Takeshita, Katsuji Shinagawa, Yuji Kishimoto, Hitoshi Kiyoi, Masaya Okada, Takahiro Yamauchi, et al. "Long-Term Outcome Of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) With Lower Initial Leukocyte Counts By Using All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Alone For Remission Induction Therapy: Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) APL97 Study." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3950.3950.
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Abstract Background ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a standard remission induction therapy for APL, leading to complete remission (CR) rate of 90% or more. (Asou et al, 2007; Ades et al, 2010; Avvisati et al, 2011). As reported in many APL studies including the JALSG study, risk adopted strategy according to initial leukocyte counts has demonstrated successful results. However, the long-term outcome of the patients with initial leukocyte counts < 3,000/µl received ATRA alone in the induction therapy and followed by post remission chemotherapies, remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, it is controversial whether concomitant chemotherapy is needed for such a very low risk group. In the JALSG-APL97 study, patients with initial leukocyte counts < 3,000/µl received ATRA alone until remission (Group AA), except for patients with leukocytosis during the ATRA therapy who received additional chemotherapy (Group AD). Here, we reported the long-term outcome of this study based on risk adopted therapy, particularly, focusing on the outcome of the very low risk group. Methods The treatment schedule of JALSG-APL97 study was initially reported by Asou et al. in 2007. In brief, patient groups were defined as: leukocytes < 3000/µl (Group A: ATRA alone), 3000/µl ≤ leukocytes < 10,000/µl (Group B: ATRA plus IDA/Ara-C: 2+5), and leukocytes ≥ 10,000/µl (Group C: ATRA plus IDA/Ara-C: 3+5). Patients who experienced leukocytosis received additional chemotherapy (Group D). After 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy, patients achieved molecular CR were allocated to an intensive chemotherapy group or observation. The CR rate, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were analyzed for each group. Results Two hundred and seventy-one newly diagnosed APL patients, ranging from 15 to 70 years of age, were evaluable. The number of patients in each group was 150 (A), 69 (B), 52 (C) and 70 (D), respectively. Of 150 patients in Group A, 83 achieved CR with ATRA alone (AA), and 67 were added chemotherapy due to leukocytosis during ATRA therapy (AD). In Group A, B, C and D, CR rates were 95.2%, 97.0%, 90.4% and 97.1%, respectively (P = 0.30); OS (Figure 1) 90.1%, 77.3%, 73.1% and 71.4%, respectively (P = 0.02); EFS (Figure 2) 71.1%, 63.6%, 55.7% and 64.3%, respectively (P = 0.26); CIR 23.5%, 27.6%, 34.5% and 20.4% (P = 0.51), respectively. Initial leukocyte counts in Group AA were significantly lower compared to those in Group AD (median leukocyte counts; 900/µl vs. 1,100/µl, P = 0.03). The median administration period of ATRA was similar between Group AA and AD (46 days vs. 43 days, P = 0.57). Differentiation syndrome was more frequent in Group AA (28.0% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.04). The CR rate and early death rate were not different between two groups (95.2% vs. 95.5%, P = 0.92 and 3.6% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.79, respectively). OS was significantly inferior (90.1% vs. 73.1%, P = 0.005) and non-relapse mortality after post-remission therapy was significantly higher in Group AD (5% vs. 16%, P = 0.04), compared to Group AA, while EFS was not different between two groups (71.1% vs. 65.7%, P = 0.33). The cumulative incidence of late relapse occurred more than 2 years after CR was significantly higher in Group AA compared to Group AD (17.5% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.04). Conclusions Risk adopted therapy according to initial leukocyte counts is totally useful in this study as well as previous reports including us. OS was favorable in APL patients with initial leukocyte counts < 3,000/µl, achieved CR by using ATRA alone for remission induction therapy, whereas EFS in this group was still unsatisfactory in the long-term follow up. It could be explained by the high frequency of late relapse. Ades et al reported better long-term outcomes in patients concomitantly treated with ATRA and chemotherapy rather than in those treated with ATRA followed by chemotherapy in their APL patients with initial leukocyte counts < 5000/µL. However, very low risk patients (Group AA) could be put into the separate category, and therapeutic approaches to reduce the late relapse in this group should be discussed. Additionally, the genetic profile studies will provide us informative data in relation to initial leukocyte counts and leukocytosis during ATRA therapy. Disclosures: Kiyoi: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Novartis Pharma: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd.: Research Funding.
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Gonzalez Marcano, Eglys, Leona Kröhle, Joachim Ahlers, and Joachim Drevs. "Pilot study on outcome and antitumor efficacy of an autologous cancer cell vaccine applied in patients with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3000.
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3000 Background: In the last decade cancer immunotherapy has emerged as the most promising anti-tumor approach. The most commonly used immunotherapies are vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors. An autologous cell vaccine is made with the patient's own tumor cells processed in vitro, which may elicit a cytotoxic T-lymphocytic immune response against tumor cells antigens, resulting in tumor cell death. We performed a pilot study to evaluate the clinical relevance and general outcome of an autologous vaccine as a treatment in different types of cancer. Methods: A total of 31 patients (n=31) with advanced solid tumors and the lack of standard treatments were treated with an immunotherapy protocol consisting of 6 intradermal doses of the vaccine, given the first two doses at day 1 and 2, and the rest every two weeks. All patients signed an informed consent form. Response evaluation was assessed by PET/CT identified as metric (iRECIST) response and in some cases tumor markers where available. Results: Out of 31 patients treated, 2 patients suffered from pancreatic cancer, 2 from sarcoma, 1 from lung cancer, 13 from breast cancer, 2 from ovarian cancer, 1 from prostate cancer, 1 from cholangiocarcinoma, 4 from colorectal cancer, 1 from non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1 from gastric cancer, 1 from laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, 1 from fallopian tube cancer, 1 from peritoneal cancer. Side effects related to the therapy were rare including light redness in the area of injection and in one case inflammation of the tumor area. 26 patients were evaluated for metric response and 5 for tumor marker response assessment. For tumor marker follow up 9.6 % had a SD of > 3 month and 6.5 % a PD. For metric follow up 12.9 % had a CR, 6.5 % a PR, 25.8 % a SD of > 3 month and 38.7 % a PD. Conclusions: This study have confirmed an anti-tumor response in the majority of patients treated, with none to very low side effects and a good quality of life during the treatment. To obtain more detailed and significant data on the efficacy of this therapy, a further controlled clinical phase study should be performed.
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Garcia-Guinea, Javier, Virgilio Correcher, Lorena Recio-Vazquez, Elena Crespo-Feo, Rafael Gonzalez-Martin, and Laura Tormo. "Influence of accumulation of heaps of steel slag on the environment: determination of heavy metals content in the soils." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 82, no. 2 (June 2010): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652010000200003.
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The presence of high level of heavy metals involves a human healthy risk that could induce chronic diseases. This work reports on the metal contamination due to heaps of steel-slag accumulated during more than 40 years in allotments and industrial areas in the southern part of Madrid (Spain). Several slag and soil samples were collected in an area of 10 km² and characterized by different conventional (XRD and XRF) and no so common methods (ESEM, thermoluminescence and EDS-WDS). The analysis reveal the presence of: (i) important amounts of Fe (43%), Mg (26%), Cr (1.1%), Mn (4.6%), S (6.5%) in the form of Fe-rich slag phases (wustite, magnetite...), Si and Ca-rich phases (larnite, ghelenite...), Cr (chromite), Mn (bustamite) and graphite, (ii) traces of some other contaminants such as Cr (7700 ppm), Zn (3500 ppm), Ba (3000 ppm), Pb (700 ppm) or Cu (500 ppm) on pathway soil samples that come from the steel slag, and (iii) Co (13 ppm), Pb (78 ppm) and V (54 ppm) in farmland soil samples. Although the existing heavy metals content is not appropriate for the current use, the extremely high metal contamination of the surrounding areas is more worrying. The properties of the soil farmlands (pH circa 7, 13% of clay, mainly illite, and 1-4% of organic matter content) show suitable conditions for the retention of cationic metals, but further studies on the movilization of these elements have to be performed to determine the possibility of severe human health risks. This sort of study can provide useful information for the politicians regarding the appropriate use of the territory to prevent possible health hazard for the population.
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ALZATE, FERNANDO, and SEBASTIÁN GIRALDO. "Espeletia restricta (Millerieae, Asteraceae), a new species from the páramos of northern Colombia." Phytotaxa 433, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.4.4.
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An intensive exploration of the páramos ecosystem on northwestern Colombia allowed the discovery of a new species of Espeletia (Millerieae: Asteraceae), E. restricta. Espeletia is an endemic taxon to the páramos of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, generally found above 3000 m of elevation. Espeletia restricta has a very narrow distribution limited to the northern Central Cordillera of Los Andes. The new species is similar to Espeletia occidentalis, species occurring in the Central and Western Cordillera, from which it differs in the size of its synflorescences relative to the rosette length (less than 1.5 times longer than the rosette vs. 2–3 times longer than the rosette) and indument colour (yellowish vs. greenish-white). The new species was assessed Critically Endangered (CR) due to the small size of its population and the restricted nature of its occurrence, which makes this taxon of great conservation concern.
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Elshoukrofy, A. S., L. Sveshnikova, E. Postnikov, I. Astapov, P. Bezyazeekov, V. Boreyko, A. Borodin, et al. "Method of Separation Between Light and Heavy Groups of Primary CR Nuclei by LDF of Cherenkov Light in the Range 300–3000 TeV." KnE Energy 3, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v3i1.1735.
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The problem of chemical composition below the knee in the cosmic-ray energy spectrum has not yet been solved due to low statistics collected from direct experiments. In the HiSCORE experiment the lateral distribution functions (LDF) of Cherenkov light of EASs with energy greater than hundreds of TeV can be measured in detail for millions of individual events. A full steepness of LDF is sensitive to the depth of shower maximum and as a result to primary particle type. In this paper, we developed a parametric method of separation between heavy and light groups of nuclei using the ’knee-like’ approximation of LDF and taking into account measurement uncertainty.
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Bolívar, F. J., L. Sánchez, M. P. Hierro, J. A. Trilleros, and F. J. Pérez. "Evaluation of Al-Hf Coating on Ferritic Steels by CVD-FBR Technology in Steam Oxidation." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.359.
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The steels with chromium contents between 9 and 12%wt are used for power plants with advanced steam conditions. These steels possess good creep properties similar to the 9% Cr steels as well as good creep and good oxidation resistance at temperatures between 500-600°C. In the last years efforts have been made to develop coatings for protection against oxidation in order to allow operation of steam turbines at 650°C. In this study, Al-Hf protective coatings were deposited by CVD-FBR on the ferritic steel HCM-12A followed by a diffusion heat treatment, and were shown to be protective at 650°C under steam for at least 3000 hours of laboratory steam exposure under atmospheric pressure. The morphology and composition of the coatings were characterized by techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis, and Xray diffraction (XRD). The results showed a substantial increase of steam oxidation protection afforded by Al-Hf coating deposited by the CVD-FBR process.
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Garje, Rohan, James A. Brown, Kenneth Gerard Nepple, Laila Dahmoush, Andrew Bellizzi, Jaime Bonner, Sarah L. Mott, et al. "Preliminary results of phase I clinical trial of high doses of seleno-L-methionine (SLM) in sequential combination with axitinib in previously treated and relapsed clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.660.
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660 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that results in increased angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance. Using several preclinical xenograft models, it has been demonstrated that therapeutic doses of the selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocysteine (MSC) caused enhanced degradation of HIF1α/2α, down-regulation of oncogenic miRNA-210 and 155, up-regulation tumor suppressor miRNA-664 and LET-7b, and stabilization of tumor vasculature, yielding higher tumor drug uptake and protection from toxic side effects when combined with chemotherapeutic and VEGF-targeted agents. Methods: This is a phase I (3+3 design) dose finding trial of SLM (2500, 3000 or 4000 µg) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once a day in combination with standard dose axitinib to patients with metastatic RCC. Primary endpoint is safety. Secondary endpoint is efficacy including overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: To date, 12 evaluable patients (pts) with metastatic RCC who progressed on one or more prior lines of treatment were enrolled. The first 3 pts were treated at 4000 µg, the second and third 3 pts were treated at 2500 and 3000 µg respectively. Additional 3 pts were added to 4000 µg. No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was seen. Most common AEs included fatigue, diarrhea, hypertension, nausea, anorexia, cough, proteinuria and weight loss. Of the 4000 µg cohort, 2 pts achieved CR with ongoing responses at 31 and 29 months, 1 pt had PR for 24 months and 1 had PD at 3 months, 2 pts are not assessed yet. Of the 2500 µg cohort, 1 pt with ongoing PR for 21 months, 1 pt had stable disease for 6 months, and 1 pt had PD at 2 months. The 3000 µg cohort, one pt has ongoing PR for 12 months; another pt had PR lasting 10 months, the 3rd pt had SD for 4 months. Conclusions: High dose SLM is safe in combination with axitinib, with promising efficacy. Further data including biomarkers will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT02535533.
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Zakharia, Yousef, Rohan Garje, James A. Brown, Kenneth Gerard Nepple, Laila Dahmoush, Katherine Gibson-Corley, Douglas Spitz, Mohammed M. Milhem, and Youcef M. Rustum. "Phase1 clinical trial of high doses of Seleno-L-methionine (SLM), in sequential combination with axitinib in previously treated and relapsed clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.630.
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630 Background: The overexpression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) 1a/2a in ccRCC leads to up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that results in increased angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and treatment resistance. Using several preclinical xenograft models, it has been demonstrated that therapeutic doses and schedules of the selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocysteine (MSC) caused enhanced degradation of HIF1α/2α, down-regulation of oncogenic miRNA-210 and 155, up-regulation tumor suppressor miRNA-664 and LET-7b, and stabilization of tumor vasculature, yielding higher tumor drug uptake and protection from toxic side effects when combined with chemotherapeutic and VEGF-targeted agents. Methods: This is a phase I (3+3 design) dose finding trial of SLM (2500, 3000 or 4000 µg) given orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by once a day in combination with the standard dose of axitinib to patients with metastatic RCC. Primary endpoint is safety, secondary endpoint is efficacy including overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: To date, 9 patients with metastatic RCC; who failed one or more prior lines of treatment; are enrolled. The first 3 patients were treated at 4000 µg, the second and third 3 patients were treated at 2500 and 3000 µg respectively. No dose limiting toxicity (DLT) is encountered. Six patients are evaluable to date. Of the 4000 µg cohort, 2 patients achieved complete remission (CR) at 18 and 20 months, 1 patient with partial response (PR) at 19 month. Of the 2500 µg cohort, one patient achieved PR at 9 months, 1 patient had stable disease for 9 months before progression, and 1 patient had disease progression at 4 months. The 3000 µg cohort is too early to evaluate for efficacy. Of interest the 4000μg SLM dose yielded a plasma selenium concentration of 40-50μM which is comparable with SLM dose determined synergistic with anti-cancer drugs in preclinical models. Conclusions: High dose SLM is safe in combination with axitinib, with promising efficacy, further data to be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT02535533.
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Egger, A., N. Schrödl, and W. Sitte. "Evaluation of oxide ceramics as anodes for SOECs." Faraday Discussions 182 (2015): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00021a.
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La2NiO4+δ is characterised as an example for a potential anode material for high-temperature solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs). Short-term characterisation is performed from 700 °C to 850 °C between 0.01 and 1 bar oxygen partial pressure (pO2) on asymmetrical cells using Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ as the electrolyte. Long-term degradation studies over more than 3000 hours are conducted at 800 °C and 0.2 bar pO2 in dry and humid atmospheres with and without a Cr-source placed in close vicinity to the cell. The SOEC anode performance is investigated by current–voltage curves combined with impedance spectroscopy. Current densities of up to −410 mA cm−2 are applied in current–voltage measurements and during long-term degradation studies. A total increase in anode resistance by 350% is observed over the course of the degradation measurements in an increasingly harsh environment. Post-test analyses by SEM/EDX on a polished cross section of the cell show the presence of several contaminants in the electrode structure. However, chromium has not been identified by EDX even after prolonged exposure to Cr-sources in humid atmospheres, which is attributed to the anodic polarisation of the electrode. Electrode delamination appears to be the main factor for the strong loss in performance.
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Polekhina, N. A., I. Yu Litovchenko, K. V. Almaeva, Yu P. Pinzhin, S. A. Akkuzin, A. N. Tyumentsev, V. M. Chernov, and M. V. Leontyeva-Smirnova. "Behavior of 12% Cr low-activation ferritic-martensitic steel EK-181 after holding in a static lead melt at 600 °С for 3000 hours." Journal of Nuclear Materials 545 (March 2021): 152754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152754.
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Advani, Anjali S., Hongli Li, Laura C. Michaelis, Bruno C. Medeiros, Michaela Liedtke, Alan F. List, Kristen O'Dwyer, Megan Othus, Harry P. Erba, and Frederick R. Appelbaum. "Report of the Relapsed/Refractory Cohort of SWOG S0919: A Phase 2 Study of Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Combination with Pravastatin for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3803.3803.
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Abstract Background: Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and uptake sensitizes AML blasts to chemotherapy (Blood 104: 1816, 2004). A Phase 2 study of high dose pravastatin given in combination with idarubicin and cytarabine demonstrated an impressive response rate [75% complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi)] in relapsed AML (British Journal of Haematology 2014; 167: 233-7). However, this population was a favorable risk group as eligible patients had to have a CR/CRi lasting ≥ 3 months following their most recent chemotherapy. Therefore, the study was amended to treat patients with poor risk disease including those with CR/CRi < 6 months following their last induction regimen or with refractory disease. Here, we report the results in this poor risk group. Methods: Pts were treated at SWOG institutions from April 2013 through November 2014. The protocol was approved by each institution's review board. Pravastatin was supplied by Bristol-Meyers Squibb. Eligibility: age ≥ 18 yrs, relapsed/refractory AML, cardiac ejection fraction ≥ 45%, CR/CRi following most recent chemotherapy < 6 months, no prior hematopoietic transplant. Treatment: oral pravastatin 1280 mg Days 1-8, idarubicin 12 mg/m2 IV Days 4-6, and cytarabine 1.5 g/m2/day continuous IV infusion Days 4-7. Pts achieving a CR could receive 2 cycles of consolidation. CR and CRi were defined by International Working Group criteria. Thirty-seven pts were to be accrued. If ≥ 12 pts achieved CR or CRi, the regimen would be considered sufficiently effective (critical level=5% if the true CR rate is 20% and power of 87% if the true CR rate is 40%). Results: Forty-one pts with a median age of 54 yrs (range 23-75) were enrolled. Nineteen pts (46%) were male and the median WBC was 3000/ uL (range 200-450,000). The median time from initial diagnosis to registration was 4.1 months (range 0.7-49.5). Disease status: primary refractory (63%), relapsed (37%). Cytogenetic risk defined by NCCN criteria: 41% poor, 54% intermediate, 5% missing. The response rate was 34% CR/CRi (95% CI: 20.1%, 50.6%). The p-value comparing 34% to 20% (the null response rate) is 0.024 at a one-sided alpha level of 0.05. The estimated median overall survival is 3.6 months and the median relapse-free survival is 2.6 months. No clinical factors (age, WBC, cytogenetic risk, disease status, time from diagnosis, AML onset) were associated with response. Nine pts proceeded to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) and the median overall survival for these patients has not been reached with a median follow-up of 10 months. Conclusions: The CR/CRi rate in this poor risk relapsed/refractory population is encouraging and suggests that targeting the cholesterol pathway may have therapeutic impact. However, these pts still have rapidly relapsing disease. Pts who were able to proceed quickly to AHSCT achieved prolonged survival. Disclosures Off Label Use: pravastatin in the treatment of AML. Michaelis:Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI Biopharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Wyeth: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Equity Ownership. List:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding. Erba:Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Jannsen (J&J): Other: Data Safety and Monitoring Committees ; Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; GlycoMimetics: Other: Data Safety and Monitoring Committees ; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celator: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy; Celator: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Astellas: Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy; Sunesis: Consultancy; GlycoMimetics: Other: Data Safety and Monitoring Committees; Pfizer: Consultancy; Jannsen (J&J): Other: Data Safety and Monitoring Committees.
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Mukherjee, Indrani, and Ross R. Large. "Co-evolution of trace elements and life in Precambrian oceans: The pyrite edition." Geology 48, no. 10 (June 19, 2020): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47890.1.
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Abstract The significance of trace elements in initiating origins and driving evolution of life on Earth is indisputable. Trace element (TE) trends in the oceans through time broadly reflect their availability and allow speculation on all possible influences on early life. A comprehensive sedimentary pyrite–TE database, covering 3000 m.y. of the Precambrian, has improved our understanding of the sequence of bio-essential TE availability in the ocean. This study probed how changing availability (and scarcity) of critical TEs in the marine environment influenced early life. The pyrite-shale matrix TE sequence shows relatively elevated concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe, Cr, respectively, in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Abundances of these elements in the Archean potentially facilitated their widespread utilization by prokaryotes. The Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic saw increases in Zn and Mo but a marked decline in Ni, Co, Cu, Se, and Fe. Our data suggest the evolution of the first complex cell in the Paleoproterozoic was probably triggered by this major change in TE composition of the oceans. A decline of elements prompted alternative utilization strategies by organisms as a response to TE deficits in the middle Proterozoic. An overall increase in a multitude of elements (Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, V, Mo, and P) in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian was highly advantageous to the various micro– and macro–life forms. Without questioning the importance of macronutrients and atmosphere-ocean redox state, multi-TE availability would have induced substantial heterogenous biological responses, owing to the effects of optimal, deficient, toxic, lethal, and survival levels of TEs on life.
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Hua, Li, Xue Yang, Yajun Liu, Xiuli Tan, and Yong Yang. "Spatial Distributions, Pollution Assessment, and Qualified Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Typical Mineral Mining City in China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093115.
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Daye is a city in China known for its rich mineral resources, with a history of metal mining and smelting that dates back more than 3000 years. To analyze the spatial distribution patterns, ecological risk, and sources of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils, 213 topsoil samples were collected in the main urban area of Daye in September 2016. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were higher than the corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being almost seven times its background value. Spatially, the high concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn were mainly concentrated in the southeastern part of the region due to nonferrous metal mining and smelting. However, the high concentrations of Co and Cu were concentrated in the central part of the study area, resulted from copper mining and smelting. The data of the geoaccumulation index showed that the contamination levels ranged from no pollution (Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni) to heavy contamination (Cd, Cu, and Pb). Ecological risk assessment showed that Cd posed a high, serious, and even severe ecological risk in 53.78% of the area of Daye. According to the results of the principal component analysis, mineral exploitation and smelting involving a variety of minerals (ES_M), mining exploitation, and smelting of copper ore (ES_C), and natural sources are the three main sources of heavy metals in these soils. Furthermore, the absolute principal component scores showed that 69.21% and 23.17% of the heavy metal concentrations were ascribed to ES_M and ES_C, respectively.
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Secco, Giovanni Battista, Mario Roberto Sertoli, Daniele Scarpati, Gianni Marino, Roberto Fardelli, Maria Teresa Nobile, and Renzo Corvò. "Preoperative Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the Management of Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Anal Canal." Tumori Journal 73, no. 2 (April 1987): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168707300211.
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Sixteen patients affected by epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal were treated preoperatively by means of an i.v. infusion of mitomycin C (15 mg/m2) on day 1 and 5-fluorouracil (750 mg/m2) days 1 to 5, followed by radiotherapy (3000 R in 3 weeks). Four to 6 weeks after the end of radiotherapy the response to the preoperative treatment was evaluated by means of biopsy. A reduction of the neoplastic mass was observed in 13 of the 16 patients. An evident correlation exists between the stage of the tumor and 1) the response to preoperative treatment, 2) local recurrence, and 3) long-term survival. In fact: 3/4 T1 patients reached a complete response (CR), and 1/4 T1, 5/5 T2 and 4/7 T3 patients achieved a partial response (PR); only 3/7 T3 patients never responded to preoperative treatment. After the initial surgery, only T2 (3/5) and T3 (4/7) patients underwent a second operation for a recurrence. Overall survival at 42 months was 62.5 % (T1, 100 %; T2, 80 %; T3, 28.5 2%).
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Veresegyházy, T., Hedvig Fébel, G. Nagy, and Ágnes Rimanóczy. "Disappearance of ethanol from isolated sheep rumen." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 51, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.51.2003.2.7.
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The absorption of ethanol from the rumen was studied in three British Milk sheep equipped with a rumen cannula. After removal of the rumen content and washing the forestomachs several times the reticulo-omasal orifice was closed and through the cannula 20 or 60 ml ethanol and 2 ml Cr-EDTA were infused in physiological saline. The entire fluid volume was 3000 ml. At the start of the experiment (0 min) and subsequently in the 5th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th minutes samples were taken from the fluid present in the forestomachs. During the 75-min experiment the amount of ethanol gradually decreased in the rumen. The rate of disappearance varied according to concentration. The graph depicting the change of ruminal ethanol concentration shows a curve typical of passive transport. The equation describing the disappearance of ethanol was y = -0.0474x2 + 5.6544x + 10.869 after the administration of 20 ml ethanol, and y = -0.1377x2 + 19.541x - 24.606 after the infusion of 60 ml ethanol. It was established that ethanol was absorbed through the rumen wall by a passive transport process.
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Ilinykh, Nina, Anastasia Krivorigova, Boris Gelchinski, Sergey Ilinykh, and Leonid Kovalev. "Thermodynamic modeling of composition and propereties of self-fluxing materials based on the nickel." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032902026.
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Self-fluxing nickel or cobalt-based alloys that use boron, phosphorus or silicon, as melting point depressants and fluxing agents are thermodynamic simulation of self-fluxing materials Ni-0.5C-15Cr-3.2Si-2B (PGSR-2) and Ni-1C-17Cr-4.1Si-3.6B (PGSR-4) was performed. As the software for simulation of phase and chemical equilibrium the TERRA software package was used. The simulation was carried out in the temperature range 300–3000 K at a total pressure P = 105 Pa in an argon atmosphere. The temperature dependences of the equilibrium composition and thermodynamic characteristics (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy) of the alloys of the investigated systems were calculated. It is shown that Ni, Cr, C, Ni3B, Ni2B, NiB, Ni2Si, NiSi, CrB, CrSi can be formed in the condensed phase under equilibrium heating of PGSR-2. When PGSR-4 is heated in the condensed phase, along with the above components, Cr5B3, CrB2 and Cr3C2 compounds can be formed. The temperature dependences of the thermodynamic characteristics of the systems studied have kinks that can be explained by phase transformations.
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Takeshita, Akihiro, Kazunori Ohnishi, Yasushi Miyazaki, Itsuro Jnnai, Shuichi Miyawaki, Masatomo Takahashi, Toru Murakami, et al. "P-Glycoprotein Is Related to the Achievement of Complete Remission but Not to Disease-Free Survival in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Prospective Analysis in the JALSG-ALL97 Study." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1095.1095.
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Abstract In a part of the prospective multicenter study of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG-ALL97), we studied the amount and function of three important multidrug resistant (MDR) proteins: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) and lung resistance related protein (LRP), in the leukemia cells of adult acute lymphobastic leukemia (ALL) at the diagnosis. We related the results with patients’ biological and clinical features and their treatment outcome. From May 1997 to December 2001, newly diagnosed patients with de novo ALL except B-ALL were registered and received an induction therapy including cyclophosphamide (1200 mg/m2, d1), daunorubicin (45 mg/m2, d1-3), vincristine (1.3 mg/m2, d1, 8, 15, 22), L-asparaginase (3000 U/m2, d1, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20) and predonisolone (60mg/m2, d1-14). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) received 8 courses of consolidation/intensification therapy followed by maintenance therapy. Median age was 38 years old. Out of 175 patients tested, 169 were evaluable. The amount and function of the MDR proteins were analyzed in CD45-gated leukemia cells by flow cytometry. After incubating with biotinylated MRK16 (IgG2a (Fab’)), anti-MRP or anti-LRP antibodies, cells were post-stained with SA-RED670. The function of P-gp and MRP was determined by Rhodamin-123 (Rh-123) accumulation with PSC833 and carcein-AM efflux with probenecid, respectively. Factors to predict CR were age, performance status (PS), chromosome, pretreatment WBC count, CD25 expression and the function of P-gp in univariative analyses. Logistic regression analysis shows that favorable prognostic factors for the achievement of CR were PS (Ps=0) and the lower (<9%) function of P-gp (p=0.013 and 0.010, respectively). Factors predict of disease free survival (DFS) were pretreatment WBC count, LDH value, chromosome (non Ph) and lack of CD25 expression in univariative analyses. Cox’s proportional hazard analysis shows that chromosome and CD25 were favorable for longer DFS (p=0.040 and 0.001, respectively). Neither the amount nor function of P-gp related to longer DFS. There was no significant relationship between the amount of other MDR proteins and DFS. The clinical importance of MDR proteins has been discussed in the treatment acute leukemias. We prospectively analyzed them in patients receiving the same treatment. Our study demonstrates that the function of P-gp in de novo ALL is one of the independent unfavorable factors for CR. However, it did not change the survival rates in the treatment of ALL with combination chemotherapy. Other MDR proteins relate to neither CR rate nor survival. We have also investigated these proteins in AML (Blood 102, 605a). The MDR proteins in the treatment of ALL are possibly less important as compared to those of AML.
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Zhang, Hao, Zhong Min Zhao, Long Zhang, and Shuan Jie Wang. "Melt Modification and Microstructure Homogeneity of Solidified TiC-TiB2 Composites Prepared by Combustion Synthesis in Ultrahigh Gravity Field." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.125.
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By introducing (CrO3+Al) high-energy thermit into (Ti+B4C) system and designing adiabatic temperature of reactive system as 3000°C,3200°C, 3400°C, 3600°C and 3800°C respectively, a series of solidified TiC-TiB2were prepared by combustion synthesis in ultrahigh gravity field with the acceleration 2000 g. XRD, FESEM and EDS results showed that the solidified TiCTiB2were composed of a number of TiB2primary platelets, irregular TiC secondary grains, and a few of isolated Al2O3inclusions and Cr-based alloy. Because of the enhanced Stokes flow in mixed melt with the increased adiabatic temperature, Al2O3droplets were promoted to float up and separate from TiC-TiB2-Me liquid while constitutional distribution became more and more uniform in TiC-TiB2-Me liquid, resulting in not only the sharply-reduced Al2O3inclusions in the solidified ceramic but also the refined microstructure and the improved homogeneity in the ceramic, and ultrafine-grained microstructure with a average thickness of TiB2platelets smaller than 1μm began to appear in near-full-density ceramic as the adiabatic temperature exceeded 3600°C, so the densification, fracture toughness and flexural strength of the ceramic were enhanced with the increased adiabatic temperature of the reactive system.
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Grazioli, J., D. Tuia, and A. Berne. "Hydrometeor classification from polarimetric radar measurements: a clustering approach." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2014): 8465–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-8465-2014.
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Abstract. A data-driven approach to the classification of hydrometeors from measurements collected with polarimetric weather radars is proposed. In a first step, the optimal number nopt of hydrometeor classes that can be reliably identified from a large set of polarimetric data is determined. This is done by means of an unsupervised clustering technique guided by criteria related both to data similarity and to spatial smoothness of the classified images. In a second step, the nopt clusters are assigned to the appropriate hydrometeor class by means of human interpretation and comparisons with the output of other classification techniques. The main innovation in the proposed method is the unsupervised part: the hydrometeor classes are not defined a-priori, but they are learned from data. The proposed approach is applied to data collected by an X-band polarimetric weather radar during two field campaigns (totalling about 3000 h of precipitation). Seven hydrometeor classes have been found in the data set and they have been associated to drizzle (DZ), light rain (LR), heavy rain (HR), melting snow (MS), ice crystals/small aggregates (CR), aggregates (AG), rimed particles (RI).
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Mazurkiewicz, Adam, Jerzy Smolik, Daniel Paćko, Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka, Halina Garbacz, and Piotr Wieciński. "The Study on Erosive and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Different Multilayer Coatings Obtained on Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.9.
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One of the areas in which increased durability is of particular significance is the use of machine elements in conditions of intensive exposure to erosive wear, for example, turbine blades of aircraft engines and power turbines in ventilation systems, and machine elements working in a dusty environment. As it is apparent from the analysis of the state of the art, high possibilities to increase the erosive and abrasive wear resistance of machine elements are created by appropriately designed coatings and layers, especially multilayer coatings composed on the base of materials with different plasticity properties. This is associated with particular characteristics of this type of multilayer coatings that allow the absorption of external energy reaching the surface without causing permanent damage to the coating, while significantly reducing the erosive wear rate.The article presents the results of material research and the results of erosion test of three different materials solutions of surface engineering, i.e. multilayer coatings (Cr / CrN) x8, (TiN / ZrN)multinano and a (Ti-Al) intermetallic / AlCrTiN hybrid layer, obtained on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The (Cr / CrN) x8 and (TiN / ZrN)multinano multilayer coatings were obtained by arc evaporation, and the (Ti-Al) intermetallic / AlCrTiN hybrid layer was prepared using a hybrid technology combining diffusion saturation in aluminium powders and arc evaporation in a single technological process. The selected material solutions of the surface layer were subjected to the analysis of the structure by scanning electron microscopy (Hitachi 3000). Measurements of hardness and Young's modulus were conducted using the nanohardness Tester CSM. The results of this study allowed the authors to compare the erosive wear resistance and wear resistance of selected material solutions, and this led to the conclusion that the (Ti-Al) intermetallic / AlCrTiN hybrid layer is the most effective solution.