Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cr [chrome]

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cr [chrome]'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

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LEWIS, D. M., and G. YAN. "Chrome dyeing using Cr(n1) salts." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 110, no. 8 (September 1994): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1994.tb01659.x.

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Yu, Yue, Yunhang Zeng, Tao Liang, Jianfei Zhou, and Bi Shi. "Inverse Chrome Tanning Technology." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i5.3811.

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Conventional chrome tanning technology (CCTT) generates a remarkable quantity of Cr(III)-containing wastewater and solid wastes, which may pose a potential risk to the environment. In this work, an inverse chrome tanning technology (ICTT) was developed based on chrome-free tanning by Al–Zr complexes and highly oxidized starch (AZ–HOS) to minimize Cr(III) discharge. The 7.5% AZ–HOS exhibited sufficient tanning effect and gave wet white a shrinkage temperature of over 80o C. Thus, wet white can be stably stored for one year and possessed high absorption capacity to post-tanning chemicals (85%–90%) because its pI (7.1) was as high as that of wet blue. Terminal chrome tanning with 1.0% chrome tanning agent after post-tanning gave the ICTT crust leather physical and organoleptic properties that are comparable to those of CCTT crust leather. Moreover, the Cr and TOC loads in ICTT wastewater decreased by 99.9% and 42.4%, respectively. Therefore, this work provides a clean and practical tanning system for the sustainable leather industry.
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Yasril, Yasril, Heru Subaris Kasjono, and Sri Puji Ganefati. "PENURUNAN KADAR KROM (Cr) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIOMASA AMPAS TEBU SECARA BIO-ADSORBSI." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10, no. 2 (December 14, 2016): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i2.1486.

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Chrome is a substance belong to high toxicity heavy metal group which can causeboth acute and chronic poisoning. One of the methods that can be used to reduceits concentration is biosorbtion with bagasse biomass. The objectives of the studywere to understand the chrome concentration before and after absorbed, as wellas to understand the amount of the most effective biomass.The study was an experimental with three treatments of which consisted of eightrepetitions. The sample was synthetic liquid waste and the treatment absorbentwas bagasse biomass which was processed as activated carbon of 10, 15, and 20grams weight. The chrome concentration were measured by using AAS method.The results showed that the chrome concentration before treated was 10,196mg/l, and the average of the reduction from the three absorbents weight were:0.174 mg/l, 0,099 mg/l, and 0,011 mg/l respectively.It can be concluded that there were reduction differences amongst the threetreatments, and 20 gr absorbent was the most effective one (99.88 % reduction).It is advised for further study to apply the bagasse for processing liquid waste fromindustrial activities.
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Mahmoud, Ahmed S., Nouran Y. Mohamed, Mohamed K. Mostafa, and Mohamed S. Mahmoud. "Effective Chromium Adsorption From Aqueous Solutions and Tannery Wastewater Using Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786221211028162.

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Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.
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Chalupová, Adéla, Martin Steinbrück, Mirco Grosse, Jakub Krejčí, and Martin Ševeček. "HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CHROME-NICKEL ALLOY." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 28 (December 1, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.28.0008.

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The investigations in this paper deal with the Cr-Ni alloy. The material has been recently proposed as a potential ATF concept, primarily due to its behaviour under high-temperature oxidation. A set of experiments to determine the melting point and describe the oxidation kinetics of the Cr-Ni alloy were performed in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Presented results reveal its superb oxidation resistance comparing to zirconium alloys. Therefore, the alloy has a great potential for nuclear applications.
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Uddin, Md Minhaz, Jawad Hasan, Md Didarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, and Sayed Md Shamsuddin. "Removal of Chromium(III) and Other Physical Parameters from Chrome Tan Wastewater and Recovery of Chromium from the Precipitating Sludge." Textile & leather review 3, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2020.07.

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This study was adopted to investigate the removal of Cr(III)and other physicochemical parameters of chrome tan wastewater. For this purpose, three precipitating agents, CaCO3, NaHCO3, and MgO, were used to treat chrome tan wastewater. After treatment, it was found, in three different dose trials, that each agent removed almost 97-99.5 % of chromium. At the same time, it was observed that with the increase of doses, removal percentage of TDS, conductivity, and turbidity of effluent were reduced. In the case of NaHCO3 and CaCO3, Cr(III) removal percentage at optimum pH was found to be 99.97% and 99.95% respectively, whereas the maximum removal percentage for MgO was found to be 99.98%. The NaHCO3 and CaCO3 were found to be comparable to MgO for Cr(III) removal from chrome tan wastewater. The recovered chromium concentration in the sludge for NaHCO3 and CaCO3 were also similar to that of MgO. This research suggests that these two precipitating agents can be used in the same way as MgO, for Cr removal and recovery treatments. Moreover, this recovered chromium can be reused, thus reducing the environmental pollution.
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Yu, Hui Cheng, Fu Hou Lei, Guang Hui Deng, and Xue Cai Tan. "Investigation of Anticorrosive Trivalent-Chrome Coatings on 6063 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1764.

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In this work, Chromium (Cr(III)) conversion coatings on Al 6063 alloy was prepared using trivalent-chrome compound (KCr(SO4)2) and H3PO4. The influence of five variables (i.e. deposition temperature, time, bath pH, and concentrations of (Cr(III)) compound (KCr(SO4)2) and H3PO4) on the preparation of (Cr(III)) coating on Al 6063 alloy was investigated using polarization curve in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The parameters of polarization curves were obtained from the extrapolation of anodic and cathodic Tafel lines. The optimum chemical passivation parameters of the chromium (Cr((III)) conversion coatings on the 6063 Al surface were obtained in this paper The results show the chromium (Cr(III)) conversion coatings formed under the optimal range present better corrosion resistance than those under the other conditions. Proper mechanisms were proposed to explain the above electrochemical behavior for the five treated conditions.
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Avena, Marcelo J., Carla E. Giacomelli, and Carlos P. De Pauli. "Formation of Cr(III) Hydroxides from Chrome Alum Solutions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 180, no. 2 (June 1996): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0322.

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Mutto, Juan Cruz, Tabata Prado Sato, João Mauricio Ferraz Da Silva, Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges, and Eduardo Shigueyuki Uemura. "Retentiveness comparison of individual clasps made from polyamide, acetate resin and cobalt-chrome for removable partial dentures." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i4.1802.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the retention force of individual clasps made from polyamide, acetate resin and cobalt-chrome for removable partial dentures. Material and methods: Three groups of clasps were fabricated: Cr-Co - 10 conventional chrome-cobalt metal clasps; Ac - 10 clasps with reciprocal arms and occlusal rests in chrome-cobalt and retentive arms in acetate resin; and Poly - 10 clasps with reciprocal arms and occlusal rests in chrome-cobalt and retentive arms in polyamide resin. Through the tensile test, in a universal testing machine, the initial retention force of the specimens was obtained and then clasps were cycled 7200 times, immersed in artificial saliva (60 months of simulated clinical use). After cycling, tensile test was performed. Results: All groups presented a retention decrease after the cycling. Ac presented a large reduction in retentive force (61.43%), followed by Cr-Co (26.5%) and Poly (12.09%). Conclusions: Aesthetic clasps of polyamide can be used in clinical cases where the anterior supporting teeth will not be essential for good retention of the removable partial denture because this clasp showed to be more resistant than the acetate resin.
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Samoilova, O. V., and Evgeny A. Trofimov. "Phase Equilibria in the Copper-Rich Corner of the Cu-Ni-Si-Cr System." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.107.

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Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in the copper-rich corner of the Cu–Ni–Si–Cr system is performed. The "FactSage" software was used for thermodynamic modeling. Isothermal sections of the Cu–Ni–Si–Cr phase diagram with phase existence areas depending on the concentrations of nickel, silicon and chrome are plotted. Reactions between nickel, silicon and chrome, dissolved in a copper melt, are studied experimentally. The samples after crystallization are investigated using scanning electron microscope and X-ray phase analysis. The conditions of silicide formation in as-cast condition are defined. The research results can be used for technology analysis in copper and copper-based alloys production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

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Aharchaou, Imad. "Écotoxicité et bioaccumulation du Cr(III) et du Cr(VI) : spéciation, biodisponibilité et effets biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0014/document.

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L’écotoxicité des éléments traces vis-à-vis du vivant est contrôlée par leur bioaccessibilité, leur biodisponibilité et leurs interactions avec le(s) site(s) d’action à l’intérieur des organismes. Dans le cas des certains éléments, l’existence dans le milieu naturel de plusieurs formes redox ayant des propriétés différentes doit aussi être prise en considération. Dans le cas spécifique du Cr, le consensus général considère le Cr(III) comme moins écotoxique que le Cr(VI). Toutefois, plusieurs études récentes soulignent que ce consensus devrait être réexaminé. Plus particulièrement, une connaissance insuffisante de la spéciation du Cr(III) pendant les tests en laboratoire pourrait avoir conduit à une sous-estimation de sa biodisponibilité et écotoxicité. Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse donc aux relations entre spéciation, biodisponibilité et bioaccumulation du Cr(III) et Cr(VI) dans différents modèles biologiques pour mieux appréhender leur potentiel écotoxique ainsi que leurs mécanismes d’interaction avec le vivant. Des études ont été menées chez les algues Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata et Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, le bivalve Corbicula fluminea et des cultures de cellules d’ovaire d’hamster chinois (CHO). L’ensemble des résultats de ce travail suggère que la validité du paradigme ‘le Cr(VI) est plus écotoxique que le Cr(III)’ serait dépendante des conditions d’exposition et du modèle biologique utilisé. Ce paradigme, accepté tant par la communauté scientifique que par les gestionnaires environnementaux, nécessite donc un réexamen afin d’assurer une meilleure gestion des risques liés au Cr
The ecotoxicity of the trace elements to the living organisms is controlled by their bioaccessibility, their bioavailability and their interactions with the site(s) of action inside the organisms. In the case of certain elements, the existence in the natural environment of several redox forms having different properties must also be taken into consideration. In the specific case of Cr, general consensus considers Cr(III) to be less ecotoxic than Cr(VI). However, several recent studies highlight that this consensus should be re-examined. In particular, insufficient knowledge of Cr(III) speciation during laboratory tests may have led to an underestimation of its bioavailability and ecotoxicity. This work focuses on the relationship between speciation, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in different biological models in order to better understand their ecotoxic potential as well as their mechanisms of interaction with living organisms. Studies have been conducted on the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the bivalve Corbicula fluminea and cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). The results of this work suggest that the validity of the paradigm ‘Cr(VI) is more ecotoxic than Cr(III)’ would be dependent on the exposure conditions and the used biological model. This paradigm, accepted by both the scientific community and the environmental managers, requires a reassessment to ensure a better management of Cr risks
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SOARES, SABIONI ANTONIO CLARET. "Auto-diffusion de l'oxygene et du chrome dans l'oxyde de chrome cr#2o#3 mono et polycristallin." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112223.

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Cette these est une contribution a l'etude de l'auto-diffusion de l'oxygene et du chrome dans l'oxyde cr#2o#3 mono et polycristallin. Les coefficients d'auto-diffusion du cr ont ete determines par les methodes de couche epaisse et implantation ionique, en utilisant #5#0cr et #5#4cr comme traceurs. Ls profils de concentration ont ete determines par spectrometrie de masse des ions secondaires (sims). Dans le domaine 1200#o-1450#oc a 510##5 atm, les coefficients d'auto-diffusion du cr en volume ont varie de 1,0##1#8 a 6,310##1#7 cm#2/s. Aucune dependance avec la pression d'oxygene n'a ete observee a 1300#oc de 5,010##5 a 3,810##1#3 atm o#2. Pour les experiences d'auto-diffusion intergranulaire du cr, le produit dd (d etant le coefficient de diffusion dans les joints et d la largeur des joints) a varie de 1,0310##2#2 a 4,710##2#1 cm#3/s, dans l'intervalle 1200-1300#oc a 510##5 atm. L'auto-diffusion de l'oxygene en volume, mesuree par la methode d'echange isotopique entre 10##9 et 10##1#5#,#8 atm a 1100#oc, conduit a des coefficients de diffusion de l'ordre de 510##1#8 cm#2/s, independants de la pression d'oxygene. Dans les memes conditions de t et po#2, le produit dd pour la diffusion intergranulaire est de l'ordre de 510##2#1 cm#3/s. Dans nos experiences, la diffusion de l'oxygene est plus rapide que celle du chrome dans les memes conditions de t et po#2, en volume et dans les joints de grain. Nos resultats montrent que les diffusivites en volume et dans les joints de l'oxygene et du cr sont trop faibles pour justifier la croissance des couches de cr#2o#3 formees par l'oxydation
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Ginter, Caroline. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur les mécanismes de nano-précipitation et sur les mécanismes de durcissement d'alliages modèles (Fe-Cr et Fe-Cr-C) et d'aciers industriels nitrurés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_GINTER_C.pdf.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans un contexte de haute technologie. Il concerne le comportement des aciers alliés, nitrurés par voie gazeuse à 520°C, en matière de mécanismes de nano-précipitation et leur incidence sur le durcissement. La caractérisation des précipités nanométriques a été réalisée par METHR et nano-sonde EDX, complétée par les calculs thermodynamiques de phases, à l'aide du logiciel Thermo-Calc. L'étude réalisée sur des alliages binaires (Fe-Cr) et ternaires (Fe-Cr-C) nitrurés, a permis de proposer une nouvelle explication concernant l'excès d'azote : la précipitation de nitrures mixtes (Fe,Cr)N. Les rôles du chrome et de la microstructure initiale sur le durcissement ont également été déterminés et les mécanismes de précipitation expliqués. Les investigations entreprises sur une dizaine d'aciers industriels nitrurés ont confirmé que le chrome et l'aluminium sont les éléments d'alliage les plus influents sur le durcissement. La caractérisation des aciers industriels 32CrMoV13 et 30CrAlMo6. 12 a mené à l'identification du rôle de ces deux éléments et de la microstructure initiale, sur les mécanismes de précipitation, et leur impact sur le durcissement. L'excès d'azote, mis en évidence systématiquement sous la surface, est lié à la précipitation de nitrures mixtes (Fe,Cr,Al,Mo,Mn,V)N et de nitrures de fer, en présence d'Al. Il a été démontré que les plaquettes nanométriques MN sont essentiellement responsables du durcissement. En ce qui concerne les applications industrielles, cette étude a conduit à l'optimisation de la composition des aciers industriels de nitruration, afin de réduire les cycles thermochimiques, tout en conservant les propriétés mécaniques
This work deals with high tech industries. It concerns the behavior of gas-nitrided (520°C) alloyed steels, in terms of nano-precipitation mechanisms, with incidence on hardening. Nano-precipitates characterization was performed by HRTEM and nano-probe EDX, complemented by thermodynamic phases calculations, with the help of Thermo-Calc software. The study carried out on nitrided binary (Fe-Cr) and ternary (Fe-Cr-C) alloys, allowed to propose a new explanation about nitrogen excess: nitrides (Fe,Cr)N precipitation. Chromium and initial microstructure effects on hardening were determined, and precipitation mechanisms explained. Investigations conducted on about 10 nitrided industrial steels, confirmed that chromium and aluminium are the most influent alloying elements on hardening. The 32CrMoV13 and 30CrAlMo6. 12 industrial steels characterization resulted in identifying the role of those elements and the one of initial microstructure on precipitation mechanisms, and their impact on hardening. Nitrogen excess, systematically pointed out above the surface, is related to (Fe,Cr,Al,Mo,Mn,V)N mixed nitrides and iron nitrides (in presence of Al) precipitation. It was demonstrated that nanometric platelets MN are mainly responsible for hardening. Concerning industrial application, this study led to optimize the nitrided industrial steels composition, in order to reduce thermochemical cycles, while keeping mechanical properties
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Ajouyed, Omar. "Adsorption du Cr(VI) par différents minéraux naturels : application au traitement des sédiments portuaires." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4082.

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Le devenir des sédiments de dragage est une problématique majeure dans certains pays, essentiellement au Royaume du Maroc, en raison d’une contamination significative en polluants organiques et minéraux. La mise en dépôt de sédiments de dragage contaminés doit donc s’accompagner d’un traitement permettant de limiter la dispersion des polluants dans l’environnement. Cette étude a été réalisée afin de réduire la mobilité des métaux lourds au cours de stockage des boues de dragage contaminés. Le premier objectif de la thèse est de déterminer les mécanismes de fixation du Cr(VI) et de sélectionner le matériau adsorbant le plus efficace. Le deuxième objectif est de caractériser chimiquement des sédiments portuaires et d’étudier la faisabilité d’utiliser un additif minéral comme agent de stabilisation des métaux dans les sédiments. Des minéraux argileux (kaolinite et illite) et des oxy-hydroxydes (hématite, goethite et -alumine) sont envisagées pour cette étude étant donnée leur présence naturelle dans les sédiments et leur forte capacité de rétention vis-à-vis du Cr(VI). L’étude de l’adsorption du Cr(VI) par ces adsorbants, montre que la capacité d’adsorption de cet élément est importante dans le cas de l’hématite et de la kaolinite. Les modèles de Langmuir et de Freundlich sont respectivement introduits pour expliquer la relation entre les ions fixés par les milieux réactionnels et la concentration d’ion à l’équilibre dans les solutions. Le modèle de Langmuir est plus représentatif pour les oxy-hydroxydes métalliques et le modèle de Freundlich est plus représentatif pour les minéraux argileux et le mélange. Des expériences de lixiviation en batch ont été utilisés pour évaluer l’efficacité de l’hématite et de la kaolinite comme additifs. Les résultats montrent que l’ajout d’un stabilisant pourrait être une technique efficace et fiable pour l’immobilisation de chrome et d’autres métaux lourds dans les sédiments de dragage contaminés
The fate of dredged sediments is a major problem in some countries, mainly in Morocco, due to significant contamination organic and mineral pollutants. Land disposal dredged sediment must be accompanied treatment to limit the dispersion of pollutants in the environment. This study is carried out to reduce the mobility of heavy metals during storage of dredging contaminated. The first objective is to determine the adsorption mechanisms of Cr (VI) and selects the adsorbent the most efficient. The second objective is the chemical characterization of harbour sediments and to study the feasibility of using a mineral additive as a stabilizer of metals in sediments. Clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and metal oxy-hydroxides (hematite, goethite and -alumina) are being considered for this study given their natural occurrence in sediments and their high retention capacity. The study of the adsorption of Cr(VI) by these adsorbents shows that the adsorption capacity of this element is important in the case of hematite and kaolinite. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are employed to understand the nature of adsorption at room temperature. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm have been determined. This showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are representative for the metal oxy-hydroxides and the clay minerals, repectively. Batch leaching methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hematite and kaolinite, as additives for reducing the mobilization of heavy metals, especially chromium, from contaminated sediments. The results show that the addition of amendments could be a successful and reliable technique for stabilization of chromium and other metals in contaminated sediment
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SALMAN, FARHAN DAKHIL. "La precision de fonderie des alliages ni-cr en prothese fixee." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA071132.

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Benjelloun, Driss. "Conduction électrique dans Fe₂O₃α et Cr₂O₃ oxydes de structure corindon déformée." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10571.

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Les mesures effectuées (conductivité électrique, pouvoir thermoélectrique, réponse spectrale, impédances complexes) ont mis en évidence une anisotropie des propriétés électriques des oxydes Fe₂O₃ α et Cr₂O₃ purs ou dopés. L’ensemble des résultats a permis d’élaborer un modèle qui rend compte des mécanismes de transport dans ces deux matériaux. D’une manière générale les propriétés électriques peuvent s’expliquer par des anisotropies de mobilités de porteurs, variables selon les niveaux d’énergie concernés. Ceux-ci ont été identifiés en tenant compte de l’éclatement des orbitales d du métal sous l’effet de la distorsion rhomboédrique du champ cristallin.
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Bikrani, Mohammed. "Quelques applications des complexes (n(6)-arène)Cr(CO)3 en synthèse électrochimique." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS019.

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CADOT, STEPHANE. "Croissance, composition chimique et structure de films minces d'oxyde de chrome formes sur une surface monocristalline de chrome cr(110). Reactivite vis-a-vis de l'eau." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112103.

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Ce travail porte sur l'etude de la croissance, de la composition chimique et de la structure de films minces d'oxyde de chrome elabores a 300 k et a 625 k sur une surface metallique monocristalline cr(110), ainsi que sur l'exposition a la vapeur d'eau d'un oxyde cristallin epitaxie sur le substrat. Les methodes d'analyse employees sont adaptees aux films minces et aux surfaces : xps, aes, tds, leed et stm. A 300 k, l'oxyde croit avec une stchiometrie cr 2o 3 jusqu'a une epaisseur de 0,9 nm. Il se forme des germes d'oxyde qui croissent lateralement jusqu'a recouvrir totalement la surface et coalescer. Le film forme s'epaissit donnant une structure granulaire et non cristallisee. Dans les premiers stades de la croissance a 625 k, on observe des structures bidimensionnelles d'atome d'oxygene dans la direction cr001. Un film non cristallise de 4,6 nm se forme par diffusion cationique. Apres recuit, l'oxyde est cristallise et en epitaxie avec le substrat (-cr 2o 3(0001)//cr(110) and -cr 2o 321-30//cr001). Les lacunes sont alors accumulees a l'interface et la surface ordonnee est compatible avec une terminaison de plan cationique. Les resultats de l'exposition a la vapeur d'eau du film d'oxyde epitaxie mettent en evidence la reversibilite de l'hydroxylation de la surface. Les terrasses et les defauts du film sont modifies de facon egale ce qui indique que la reaction n'est pas specifique des defauts. La nanostructure et la structure atomique du volume du film ne sont pas modifiees. Un modele d'attenuation plan atomique par plan atomique des intensites xps est utilise pour estimer les concentrations ioniques. En augmentant l'exposition a la vapeur d'eau, on observe un enrichissement en cation a la surface de l'oxyde ce qui indique que les oh induisent l'oxydation du substrat metallique. Apres chauffage, les groupements oh se recombinent et l'eau desorbe donnant un large profil de courbe tds compatible avec la structure desordonnee de la surface hydroxylee.
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JAQUET, VIRGINIE. "Effet de l'irradiation sur la demixtion des alliages modeles fe-cr autour de 15% de chrome." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0016.

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Les aciers ferrito-martensitiques contenant 12% de chrome environ sont envisages pour des applications nucleaires. Cependant sous les conditions de fonctionnement des reacteurs, ils peuvent se fragiliser du fait de la precipitation de la phase riche en chrome. C'est a ce probleme que nous nous sommes interesses en etudiant, dans des alliages modeles fe-cr contenant de 10 a 25% de chrome, cette demixtion sous irradiation electronique a faible flux a 300\c et sous vieillissement thermique a 500\c. La precipitation de la phase entraine un durcissement des alliages que nous mesurons par des essais de penetration vickers. Les precipites sont detectes par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles. Le stade de demixtion atteint est caracterise a l'aide du modele de spheres dures. Les parametres obtenus (taille et densite) expliquent le durcissement mesure. Sous irradiation a 300\c, les precipites ont une cinetique de croissance extremement lente ; les precipites restent tres petits (rayon compris entre 7 et 8 a). En revanche, les precipites sont tres nombreux (typiquement une densite de 10 1 9 precipites par cm 3). Dans les echantillons vieillis a 500\c, la precipitation suit une cinetique de coalescence. Si l'on suppose que l'irradiation n'a pour effet que d'accelerer la diffusion, on peut calculer les cinetique de precipitation a l'aide du modele de dynamique d'amas. Ce dernier permet de reproduire la cinetique de precipitation a 500\c mais pas celle dans les echantillons irradies a 300\c. Sous irradiation, un autre mecanisme peut modifier les cinetiques : celui d'un couplage de flux entre atomes solutes et defauts ponctuels. La cinetique de precipitation tres lente, observee dans les echantillons irradies, pourrait s'expliquer par ce mecanisme : un couplage negatif, comme c'est le cas dans les alliages fe-cr, peut ralentir la croissance des precipites.
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FINCK, CAROLE. "Exploration de la permeabilite intestinale au cr 51-edta au cours des eczemas : notre experience a propos de 47 cas." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3058.

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Books on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

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Zielińska-Lipiec, Anna. Analiza stabilności mikrostruktury modyfikowanych stali martenzytycznych 9% Cr w procesie wyżarzania i pełzania. Kraków: Wydawn. AGH, 2000.

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Huczkowski, Paweł. Effect of geometry and composition of Cr steels on oxide scale properties relevant for interconnector applications in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

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Song, Jung Han, and Hoon Huh. "Dynamic Characteristics of the Sinter-Forged Cu-Cr Alloys with the Variation of Chrome Content." In Solid State Phenomena, 255–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-26-4.255.

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Butvina, V. G., S. S. Vorobey, O. G. Safonov, and G. V. Bondarenko. "Formation of K–Cr Titanates from Reactions of Chromite and Ilmenite/Rutile with Potassic Aqueous-Carbonic Fluid: Experiment at 5 GPa and Applications to the Mantle Metasomatism." In Advances in Experimental and Genetic Mineralogy, 201–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42859-4_9.

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C.A. Silva, Anielle, Eliete A. Alvin, Francisco R.A. dos Santos, Samanta L.M. de Matos, Jerusa M. de Oliveira, Alessandra S. Silva, Éder V. Guimarães, et al. "Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Development and Applications." In Nanocrystals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96753.

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This chapter aims to show significant progress that our group has been developing and the applications of several doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), as nanopowders or embedded in glass systems. Depending on the type of dopant incorporated in the nanocrystals, the physical, chemical, and biological properties can be intensified. However, it can also generate undesired toxic effects that can potentially compromise its use. Here we present the potential of zinc oxide NCs doped with silver (Ag), gold (Au), and magnesium (Mg) ions to control bacterial diseases in agriculture. We have also performed biocompatibility analysis of the pure and Ag-doped sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) NCs in Drosophila. The doped nanocrystals embedded in glassy systems are chrome (Cr) or copper (Cu) in ZnTe and Bi2Te3 NCs for spintronic development nanodevices. Therefore, we will show several advantages that doped nanocrystals may present in the technological and biotechnological areas.
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Dey, Satarupa. "Role of Bacterial Chromate Reductase in Bioremediation of Chromium-Containing Wastes." In Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants, 72–96. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch005.

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Chromium toxicity is a major environmental concern as it is the chief environmental pollutant released by paint, stainless steel, and mining industries. In nature, chromium exists in two stable valance states: Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Cr(VI) is highly toxic and soluble at neutral pH, whereas Cr(III) is insoluble at normal pH and is less toxic. Thus, it is essential to draw strategies for mitigation of Cr(VI), and microbial reduction of toxic Cr(VI) has been identified as a bioremediation technique not only to detoxify chromium but also to recover the non-toxic Cr(III) by physical means. Chromate reductase, the central enzyme involved in bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) may be both intracellular as well as extracellular in nature. Most of the chromate reductase enzyme belongs to the oxidoreductase group such as nitroreductase, iron reductase, quinone reductase, hydrogenase, flavin reductase, as well as NAD(P)H-dependent reductase. Detailed analysis of the structure of the enzymes will help us in the suitable application of these enzymes in bioremediation of metal-contaminated wastes.
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"The removal of arsenic and chromate (Cr(VI)) from drinking water in the United States of America." In Innovative Materials and Methods for Water Treatment, 473–83. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19577-33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

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Cha, Byung-Cheol, Seong-Woon Choi, Jin-Min Kim, Hanku Cho, and Jung-Min Sohn. "Resolution enhancement with thin Cr for chrome mask making." In Symposium on Photomask and X-Ray Mask Technology, edited by Hideo Yoshihara. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.245205.

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Tan, Taide, and Yitung Chen. "Formation and Protection of Fe-Cr Oxide Spinel During the Oxidation Process of Stainless Steels in LBE Environment." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12899.

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The formation of the spinel of magnetite and chrome oxide, is a very complex process, especially with the scale removal effect in flowing lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) nuclear coolant. This paper studied the formation and the protection of the spinel of magnetite and chrome oxide on stainless steel, in different environments at a mesoscopic level. The role of the alloying element has been analyzed. The formation of the spinel of magnetite and chrome oxide and the scale removal effect are simulated using a stochastic cellular automaton method. The protection of this spinel layer to the structural materials has been analyzed.
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Wei Xu and Lifen Hao. "The feasibility of chrome shaving to remove Cr (III) from aqueous solutions." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893349.

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Angelastro, Andrea, Sabina L. Campanelli, Antonio D. Ludovico, and Simone Ferrara. "Direct laser metal deposition of tungsten carbide–cobalt-chrome (WC/Co/Cr) powder." In ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062219.

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Wei Xu and Lifen Hao. "Detoxification of chrome shaving and its use as an adsorbent of Cr (III) from aqueous solutions." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893350.

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Muhaimin, Reza Izzati Izzul Hawa, Eka Rahma Hidayati, and Nita Suryani. "Test method verification of chrome heksavalen (Cr-VI) test in waste water using UV-visible spectrophotometer." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0062198.

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Affatato, S., W. Leardini, A. Jedenmalm, M. Zavalloni, O. Ruggeri, F. Tarterini, and M. Viceconti. "Microstructural Effects on the Wear Resistance of Co-Cr Implant Alloys." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95510.

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Modern metal-on-metal articulation have been proposed to reduce the incidence of osteolysis due to polyethylene particles debris, as a late complication. The tribology of large metal-on-metal articulations allows theoretical advantages with respect to other configurations, especially for the lubrication regime. This study was aimed to compare the wear performances of different diameters of clinically available acetabular metallic components manufactured in a cast cobalt-chrome alloy. To evaluate the influence of the material properties of wear and microstructure, metal-on-metal components were tested in a hip joint simulator for five million cycles with bovine calf serum as lubricant. In particular, three different configurations of metal-on-metal components (28-mm, 36-mm, 54-mm) were tested. After the test all specimens were examined with optical and electronic scanning microscope. A statistical difference were observed among the three groups tested in the run-in and steady-state wear rates, favoring the larger femoral heads. The results of this study indicate that the 54-mm diameter femoral heads prove a better wear behavior than the smaller configurations.
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Paulson, K., and C. Matzdorf. "416. Wetting Agent/Fume Suppressant (WA/FS) Demonstration Project in Three Hard Chrome (Cr+6) Plating Operations." In AIHce 2002. AIHA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2766364.

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Agafii, V., J. Padgurskas, V. Mihailov, A. Andriušis, R. Kreivaitis, and A. Ianachevici. "Increasing Wear Resistance of 30x13 Stianless Steel by Electrospark Alloying." In BALTTRIB 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2015.14.

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In this work were studied the tribological properties of coatings of molybdenum, silver, chrome + molybdenum, molybdenum + BrOF6.5-0.15, obtained by electrospark alloying method on 30X13stainless steel. At the load of 200 N was established dependence between the coating wear and its hardness, the higher the hardness, the smaller is the wear of the coating and vice versa. The volumetric wear of the coatings at a load of 100 N increases in the direction of Мо=Cr + Mo → Steel 45 → Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 → Ag, and at a load of 200 N increases in the direction of Мо→Cr + Mo → Steel 45 → Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 → Ag. At all loads, the combination coatings made of chromium + molybdenum (f≈0.08) had the highest friction coefficient (f≈0.08), and the combination coatings made of Mo + BrОF6.5-0.15 had the lowest ones (f≈0.043-0.046).
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Tjahjanti, Prantasi Harmi, and Herdian Bramantyo. "Analysis of corrosion penetration rate (CPR) of exhaust ford laser assembled in 1997 which was coated with chrome (Cr)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS (LCTAP 2012). AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4820990.

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Reports on the topic "Cr [chrome]"

1

Xun, Luying. Integrated Investigation on the Production and Fate of Organo-Cr(III) Complexes from Microbial Reduction of Chromate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893591.

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Xun, Luying. Integrated Investigation on the Production and Fate of Organo-Cr(III) Complexes from Microbial Reduction of Chromate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893688.

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