Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cr [chrome]'
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Aharchaou, Imad. "Écotoxicité et bioaccumulation du Cr(III) et du Cr(VI) : spéciation, biodisponibilité et effets biologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0014/document.
Full textThe ecotoxicity of the trace elements to the living organisms is controlled by their bioaccessibility, their bioavailability and their interactions with the site(s) of action inside the organisms. In the case of certain elements, the existence in the natural environment of several redox forms having different properties must also be taken into consideration. In the specific case of Cr, general consensus considers Cr(III) to be less ecotoxic than Cr(VI). However, several recent studies highlight that this consensus should be re-examined. In particular, insufficient knowledge of Cr(III) speciation during laboratory tests may have led to an underestimation of its bioavailability and ecotoxicity. This work focuses on the relationship between speciation, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in different biological models in order to better understand their ecotoxic potential as well as their mechanisms of interaction with living organisms. Studies have been conducted on the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the bivalve Corbicula fluminea and cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). The results of this work suggest that the validity of the paradigm ‘Cr(VI) is more ecotoxic than Cr(III)’ would be dependent on the exposure conditions and the used biological model. This paradigm, accepted by both the scientific community and the environmental managers, requires a reassessment to ensure a better management of Cr risks
SOARES, SABIONI ANTONIO CLARET. "Auto-diffusion de l'oxygene et du chrome dans l'oxyde de chrome cr#2o#3 mono et polycristallin." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112223.
Full textGinter, Caroline. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur les mécanismes de nano-précipitation et sur les mécanismes de durcissement d'alliages modèles (Fe-Cr et Fe-Cr-C) et d'aciers industriels nitrurés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_GINTER_C.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with high tech industries. It concerns the behavior of gas-nitrided (520°C) alloyed steels, in terms of nano-precipitation mechanisms, with incidence on hardening. Nano-precipitates characterization was performed by HRTEM and nano-probe EDX, complemented by thermodynamic phases calculations, with the help of Thermo-Calc software. The study carried out on nitrided binary (Fe-Cr) and ternary (Fe-Cr-C) alloys, allowed to propose a new explanation about nitrogen excess: nitrides (Fe,Cr)N precipitation. Chromium and initial microstructure effects on hardening were determined, and precipitation mechanisms explained. Investigations conducted on about 10 nitrided industrial steels, confirmed that chromium and aluminium are the most influent alloying elements on hardening. The 32CrMoV13 and 30CrAlMo6. 12 industrial steels characterization resulted in identifying the role of those elements and the one of initial microstructure on precipitation mechanisms, and their impact on hardening. Nitrogen excess, systematically pointed out above the surface, is related to (Fe,Cr,Al,Mo,Mn,V)N mixed nitrides and iron nitrides (in presence of Al) precipitation. It was demonstrated that nanometric platelets MN are mainly responsible for hardening. Concerning industrial application, this study led to optimize the nitrided industrial steels composition, in order to reduce thermochemical cycles, while keeping mechanical properties
Ajouyed, Omar. "Adsorption du Cr(VI) par différents minéraux naturels : application au traitement des sédiments portuaires." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4082.
Full textThe fate of dredged sediments is a major problem in some countries, mainly in Morocco, due to significant contamination organic and mineral pollutants. Land disposal dredged sediment must be accompanied treatment to limit the dispersion of pollutants in the environment. This study is carried out to reduce the mobility of heavy metals during storage of dredging contaminated. The first objective is to determine the adsorption mechanisms of Cr (VI) and selects the adsorbent the most efficient. The second objective is the chemical characterization of harbour sediments and to study the feasibility of using a mineral additive as a stabilizer of metals in sediments. Clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and metal oxy-hydroxides (hematite, goethite and -alumina) are being considered for this study given their natural occurrence in sediments and their high retention capacity. The study of the adsorption of Cr(VI) by these adsorbents shows that the adsorption capacity of this element is important in the case of hematite and kaolinite. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are employed to understand the nature of adsorption at room temperature. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm have been determined. This showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are representative for the metal oxy-hydroxides and the clay minerals, repectively. Batch leaching methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of hematite and kaolinite, as additives for reducing the mobilization of heavy metals, especially chromium, from contaminated sediments. The results show that the addition of amendments could be a successful and reliable technique for stabilization of chromium and other metals in contaminated sediment
SALMAN, FARHAN DAKHIL. "La precision de fonderie des alliages ni-cr en prothese fixee." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA071132.
Full textBenjelloun, Driss. "Conduction électrique dans Fe₂O₃α et Cr₂O₃ oxydes de structure corindon déformée." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10571.
Full textBikrani, Mohammed. "Quelques applications des complexes (n(6)-arène)Cr(CO)3 en synthèse électrochimique." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS019.
Full textCADOT, STEPHANE. "Croissance, composition chimique et structure de films minces d'oxyde de chrome formes sur une surface monocristalline de chrome cr(110). Reactivite vis-a-vis de l'eau." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112103.
Full textJAQUET, VIRGINIE. "Effet de l'irradiation sur la demixtion des alliages modeles fe-cr autour de 15% de chrome." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0016.
Full textFINCK, CAROLE. "Exploration de la permeabilite intestinale au cr 51-edta au cours des eczemas : notre experience a propos de 47 cas." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3058.
Full textKumšlytis, Vigantas. "Cr-Mo plieno suvirintų jungčių terminio apdirbimo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050622_121206-78578.
Full textSoegijono, Bambang. "Etude des interfaces métal-céramique sur des alliages Co-Cr-Mo : Rôle d'une addition de tungstène (W) et de manganèse (Mn)." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1416_bsoegijono.pdf.
Full textBoulanger, Gérard. "Étude comparative des propriétés mécaniques et de structure du titane pur et d'un alliage co-cr en prothèse adjointe partielle." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10437.
Full textTissot, Olivier. "Effets de l'irradiation sur la démixtion du Cr dans les alliages FeCr." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES053.
Full textOwing to their good thermal properties and excellent swelling resistance, Ferritic-Martensitic (F-M) alloys and ODS steels are potential candidates as structural material and for cladding of future reactors (GEN IV). However, alloys containing more than 10at. % Cr, which are corrosion resistant, are prone to embrittlement due mainly to α’ precipitation. Study of FeCr alloys, model alloys of F-M and ODS steels, is a key point in the understanding of mechanism which are involved by irradiation. The main objective of this study is to identify and quantify the irradiation effects on Cr demixtion. In a first approach, study of the α - α’ decomposition under thermal ageing have been carried out with APT, SANS, and MS. This experiments allow to establish a referent kinetics. An agreement between SANS and APT measurements have been found. Electrons irradiations have been realized between 250°C and 400°C at different doses. α’ precipitation have been observed since the first dose (0. 012 dpa). The comparison of results with neutron data have shown the efficacy of electron irradiation in α’ precipitation. It have also allowed us to determine equilibrium composition of the miscibility gap at 300°C. Ions irradiation with different damage rates (10-3 and 10-5 dpa. S-1) have been conducted to understand the absence of α’ phase reported in literature under this irradiation type. For the first time, APT characterization have revealed α’ after ions irradiation at low damage rate. The in depth analyses have shown that injected interstitials strongly reduce α’ precipitation. In fact, these interstitials lead to the formation of dislocations loops or could recombine with vacancies and thus reduce the number of vacancy available for diffusion. At higher damage rate (10-3 dpa. S-1), no precipitation have been observed. It has been shown that it could be explain by ballistic dissolution of α’ nucleus which are in formation
Grimal, Jean-Michel. "Etude par XPS de l'effet antagoniste du soufre et du chrome sur la passivation d'alliages Ni Cr Fe." Grenoble : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593899w.
Full textGRIMAL, JEAN MICHEL. "Etude par xps de l'effet antagoniste du soufre et du chrome sur la passivation d'alliage sni cr fe." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066215.
Full textCuq, Marie-Hélène. "Le procedé Cr. A. B. : nouvelle approche écologique du passage de la peau au cuir par l'étude des intéractions chrome/collagène/colorants/lipides." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT020A.
Full textKrembel, Christophe. "Epitaxie de couches ultra-minces de Cr sur Ag(100) : une étude par photo-émission angulaire et diffraction d'électrons lents." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0215.
Full textJousseaume, Cécile. "Li2MSiO4 : Cr (M = Mg, Zn) : localisation du chrome dans la structure, caractérisation de ses états d'oxydation et propriétés optiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066194.
Full textZhang, Zhiguo. "Elaboration de dépôts nano-composés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron pour la substitution du chrome électrolytique." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2035.
Full textThis research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CrN based multilayer coatings for the replacement of electrolytic chrome. The studied materials include chromium nitrides coatings Cr-Zr-N ternary multiple phase and multilayer coatings and Si added CrN / ZrN multilayer coatings. The main objective of this thesis si to deposit the controllable coating structure and properties based on a magnetron sputtering technology so that the coating performance can be optimized to satisfy the replacement of Cr in industry scale. Coating structures are characterized by various techniques such as glow discharge optical spectrometer (GDOS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scaning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of the deposited coatings are evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch test, pin-on-disk, dynamic polarization techniques respectively. The first study is related to chromium nitride coatings with controllable structure; The hysteresic curve and target voltage versus nitrogen flow rate curve are used to predict the phase evolution on chromium nitride. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis for various RF biases reveals that the increased substrate bias leads the nitrogen content to decrease. The second study is concentrated on Cr-Zr-N system. Solid solution CrN(Zr) coatings and nanoscale multilayer CrN/ZrN coatings with bilayer thickness (^) ranging from 11. 7 to 66. 7 nm are prepared. CrN(Zr) coatings show a maximum hardness value of approximately 24 GPa while CrN / ZrN multilayers present constant hardness of 29 GPa. In corrosion tests, these coatings show good chemical inert and very low corrosion current densities. To enhance the performance of CrN / ZrN multilayers, a further effort to add Si into CrN / ZrN multilayer is carried out. The deposited CrSiN / ZrN multilayer coatings with ^ from 13. 4 nm to 86. 9 nm have nanocrystalline/amorphous structure (nc-CrSiN / a-ZrN). They demonstrate elevated corrosion potentials in comparison with the single layers. On the other hand, CrN / ZrSiN multilayers with ^ from 11 nm to 153 nm form nancrystalline/amorphous period structure (nc-CrN / a-ZrSiN). This multilayer structure shows a good combination of high hardness from ZrSiN and good toughness from CrN. The addition of Si into ZrN individual layer has been shown to be an efficient way to inhibit pitting corrosion
Habibi, Parwana. "Propriétés électroniques, magnétiques et de transport de la surface de chrome Cr(001) : modélisation d'images de STM polarisé en spin." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066400.
Full textSpintronics is a technique that uses the spin of electrons in electronic devices. The principle is based on physical properties such as magnetoresistance, (Nobel Prize 2007, Albert Fert), meaning that the electric conductivity of a system can depend on the magnetic field applied to the device. The spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope (SP-STM) is a perfect example of this physics. It involves a magnetic tip and a magnetic surface ; therefore is an essential tool for local analysis of electronic and magnetic properties of surfaces. The aim of our study is to understand and simulate spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy images of a Cr(001) surface going beyond the classical Tersoff-Hamann approximation. We use an textitab initio method using PWSCF package, alongside a tight binding approach (TB) well fitted. First, we have performed a very detailed study of chromium electronic and magnetic properties, focusing deeply on surface states localized around the Fermi level. As a matter of fact, there is a controversy concerning the understanding of spectra obtained by STS. We have clearly identified surface states involved, and noticed that the peak in question is of a dz2 − pz symmetry. We have studied the decay of orbital wavefunctions above the Cr(001) surface to see that the PDOS that would be observed by STS would be a mix of pz and dz2 orbitals. Finally, in order to study the ballistic electronic transport, we have simulated an ideal system corresponding to a SP-STM set-up, namely Fe(001)-Cr(001) surfaces separated by vacuum. We have also simulated a real Fe tip-Cr(001) system as a tunneling contact. THe general behavior and the resulting TMR are in good agreement with experimental results
Brossard, Jean-Michel. "Influence d'un film d'aluminium (dépôt physique en phase vapeur) sur le comportement à haute température d'un alliage Ni-Cr : effet de l'introduction d'élément réactif." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS120.
Full textNi20Cr alloys develop a protective scale of chromia in oxidizing atmospheres. Nevertheless, the protective behavior of this scale can disappear and two surface treatment were investigated in order to improve oxidation resistance of this alloy: - aluminizing treatment was performed by a diffusion heat treatment applied on PVD Al coated substrate. Experimental results, closed to "high activity" pack cementation, were compared to those obtained with a simple numerical model. - Thin, uniform and adherent films of yttrium hydroxy-nitrate hydrate were deposited on Ni20Cr substrate by cathodic electrolytic deposition (CELD). Deposition conditions were investigated. Electrolytic films containing yttrium enhance oxidation resistance of commercial Ni20Cr. Oxide scale formed on aluminised substrate is composed of alumina and the whole aluminium introduced in the aluminide coating is consumed after 90 hours of oxidation. Yttrium oxide coating modify scale morphology and delay the -Al2O3 transition
Magnifouet, Tchinda Gladice Claire. "Study of epitaxial Fe\Cr multilayers : structural and magnetic properties, interdiffusion mechanisms." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE016.
Full textWe have epitaxied Cr/Fe/Cr tri-layers on the MgO and SrTiO3 (100) substrates by magnetron sputtering. Their structural and magnetic properties improve when the deposition temperature of Fe decreases, but Fe and Cr oxides form at the interfaces. We therefore chose to continue with the multi-layers growth using MBE. We varied the thickness of three layers deposited by MBE to extract the average moment and its modification at the interfaces. The contribution of the interfaces has the sign and order of magnitude predicted by Daniel Stoeffler using tight-binding. The interdiffusion phenomenain these multilayers have been studied by isochronous and isothermal annealings. The temperature range of interest for annealing is 400 to 500°C. Isothermal annealing shows the presence of several regimes. The concentration profiles simulated by Monte Carlo reveal an asymmetric diffusion
Zaidi, Ahmed. "Propriétés mécaniques d'alliages Al-Cr-Mn élaborés par solidification rapide : stabilité thermique des microstructures." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL042N.
Full textRahil, Issam. "Elaboration et caractérisation de revêtements à base de nitrure de chrome, carbonitrure et carbure de titane élaborés par pulvérisation magnétron." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00967251.
Full textSchuster, Frédéric. "Dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur de revêtements durs issus du système Cr-N-C à partir de sources organométalliques." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT044G.
Full textKiratisin, Amonmat. "L'environnement structural et électronique du Cr et du Fe dans le corindon (Al2O3)." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GLOB0005.
Full textHabibi, Parwana. "Propriétés électroniques, magnétiques et de transport de la surface de chrome Cr(001). Modélisation d'images de microscope à effet tunnel polarisé en spin." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787302.
Full textBadiane, Khalifa. "Etude par STM des états d’hybridation pd induits par un atome de Cr inséré dans la surface de GaAs(110)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC189/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) the effects of surface and coordination on the electronic properties of a transition metal atom occupying a cationic site in the GaAs(110) surface.By an in situ deposition method, we deposited Cr adatoms on cleaved GaAs(110) surfaces with coverage rates lower than a monolayer. And by applying voltage pulses close to a few target magnetic adatoms using the STM tip, we have manipulated them and substituted them with Ga atoms in the two first layers of the GaAs(110) surface. Thus obtaining magnetic atoms having different atomic environments, i.e. Cr adatoms, Cr atoms forming three bonds with three neighboring As atoms (Cr in the first layer) and Cr atoms forming four bonds with four neighboring As atoms (Cr in the second layer).To study the electronic properties of these transition atoms as a function of their position in the GaAs surface (110), we have realized on them STM imagery with different voltage bias as well as scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). They showed topographic forms with different mirror symmetries and revealed different numbers of STS peaks in the gap of the GaAs surface (110) according to their atomic site.By collaboration, density of states (DOS) calculations and simulations of STM images were carried out on Cr atoms occupying cationic sites in the GaAs bulk and in the five first layers of the GaAs surface (110) using the density functional theory (DFT). Agreements between the theoretical calculations and our experimental results have allowed us to show (i) that the measured STS peaks on the Cr atoms correspond to peaks of DOS resulting from an hybridization between the d states of Cr and the p states of their neighbors atoms of As and Ga ; (ii) that our STS measurements on the Cr atoms in the two first layers are affected by the symmetry breaking at the GaAs(110) surface; (iii) that a splitting of some induced states in the GaAs gap (110) occurs when a Cr atom passes from the first to the second surface layer; (iv) and that the measured topographic STM images on Cr atoms inserted in the first two layers of the surface correspond to wave functions of specific pd hybridization states
Braud, Armelle. "Procédé de phytoextraction couplé à la bioaugmentation d'un sol agricole polycontaminé par du chrome, du mercure et du plomb." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465806.
Full textHajjaji, Mohamed el. "Caractérisation et simulation des joints de phases C. C. -C. F. C. : applications à des alliages Fe-Cr-Ni de différentes puretés." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10015.
Full textAl-Khoury, Waël. "Etude structurale par spectrométrie Mössbauer et diffraction des rayons X d'alliage Fe-Cr à l'état massif et en couches minces : transformation de phase autour de la composition équi-atomique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2303.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is the structural study of bulk – phase transformation (body-centered cubic) (tetragonal) at 700 °C – and thin films Fe-Cr alloys by Mössbauer spectrometry and X ray diffraction. An accurate structural characterization of the phase transformation at 700 °C in bulk FeCr alloys with coarse grains was carried out. The most relevant result, highlighted by the Mössbauer effect, is the existence of intermediate phase so-called ' between initial phase and final phase . The X-ray diffraction made it possible to reject the assumption of a B2 structure for the ' phase which structure is similar to the one. Laue's microdiffraction has shown that there were no simple crystallographic orientation relationships between the two phases. Let us note that we measured for the first time, the Young's modulus of the phase; its value is slightly higher (10%) than the phase one. Fe1-xCrx thin films with 200 nm thicknesses were prepared by ion beam sputtering. For 0 < x ≤ 0. 28, the films present a ferromagnetic behavior, whereas paramagnetic spectra CEM are obtained for 0. 32 ≤ x< 0. 70. The ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition (F/P) at room temperature appears at xc ~ 0. 30; this critical value depends on the preparation method. Finally, a very interesting parallel can be made concerning phase transformation for the equiatomic concentration between bulk and thin film alloys. Indeed, the starting and final magnetic states of the transformation are opposites. In the bulk alloys, the phase transformation starts from ferromagnetic bcc structure () and goes toward the paramagnetic tetragonal structure (), whereas in the films, a paramagnetic A15 structure () transforms in ferromagnetic bcc structure ()
MA, HONG YA. "Caracterisation des sites acides sur des couches minces d'oxydes thermique et anodique formees sur chrome monocristallin (cr(110) a l'aide d'une molecule sonde (nh 3)." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066315.
Full textStenger, Jean-François. "Étude par résonance paramagnétique électronique des ions fe#3#+, cr#3#+ et des défauts dans les cristaux de ktiopo#4 et isotypes." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10373.
Full textNicolas, André. "Etude de l'Evolution Physico-Chimique du Substrat lors de l'Oxydation à Haute Température des Alliages Modèle Ni-Cr à Faible Teneur en Chrome et de l'Alliage Modèle Ni-16Cr-9Fe." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848591.
Full textDoublet, Aurélien. "Développement d’un primaire d’adhésion anticorrosion sans Cr VI pour l’alliage aéronautique Al2024-T3." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS280.
Full textThe use of hexavalent chromium for anticorrosion surface treatments in aeronautics field will soon be banned by the REACH reglementation. Looking for an innovative solution, PROTEC industry and the CEA research center work in collaboration with the aim of developing a chromium free replacement treatment, which can substitute current solution and give competitive results both in adhesion and corrosion protection. The thesis project presented in this manuscript is part of a common laboratory named MESTREL, including the two entities. The proposed solution is based on the grafting of a polymeric film inspired by the diazonium chemistry on an Al2024-T3 surface, reference alloy in the aeronautic field. The principal objective of the thesis is to determinate the best conditions of grafting, -giving similar properties to chromium treatment. To this end, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations have been performed. Electrochemical Microscopy protocols are developed to assess the passivation properties of the film The high porosity of the film has allowed to develop a new innovative bilayer process combining anticorrosive properties of current solution and adhesion properties of the functionnal coating. At the same time, an out-of-tank deposition technique is developed. The goal is to enable economic benefits and facilitate treatment of very large aeronautic pieces
Le, Calvar Marc. "Contribution de la spectrométrie photoélectronique (X. P. S. ) et de spectroscopies optiques (50000-400 cm(-1)) à l'étude de l'oxydation du nickel, du chrome et d'un alliage nickel-chrome." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES012.
Full textAraujo, Paulo. "Etude par indentation interfaciale de l'adhérence du revêtement Ni-Cr projeté thermiquement : influence de l'hydrogène et effets thermiques." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-200.pdf.
Full textEssoum, Hamida. "Oxydation à haute température des alliages Fe-Cr-Al : influence de l'humidité et rôle des précipités." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD876.
Full textElbiache, Abdelmoula. "Adsorption et ségrégation du soufre sur les alliages Fe-Cr-Ni et Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo : compositions superficielles, dissolution anodique et passivation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066357.
Full textRachpech, Vishnu. "Synthèse et caractérisations structurale, physicochimique et de résistance à l'oxydation à chaud de revêtements de nitrures de chrome enrichis en silicium obtenus par un procédé hybride arc-magnétron en condition réactive." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL052N/document.
Full textIIn this study, Cr-Si-N coatings are synthesized by an arc-magnetron hybrid process. In spite of a lower hardness of Cr-Si-N coatings in comparison with Ti-Si-N ones synthesised in a preliminary study performed to validate the deposition device, Cr-Si-N coatings present a higher resistance to high temperature oxidation. The Cr2N-based coatings are softer than those based on CrN. Si addition yields an increase of the lattice constant attributed to the substitution of N by Si. In CrN-based coatings, the maximum hardness of about 50-60 GPa is obtained for 6-8 at. % Si. For Cr2N-based coatings, the hardness decreases linearly with the Si content. Si addition improves both hardness stability and oxidation resistance at high temperature for both coatings. Grains growth, CrN destabilisation into Cr2N and interdiffusion of Fe and Si are the main parameters which govern the loss of hardness after annealing at high temperature of the coatings
Collomb, Solenne. "Étude de l'endommagement en fluage d'assemblages soudés en acier martensitique à 9% Cr - Grade 91." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0219.
Full textThe research of the best thermodynamic efficiency, with the decrease of CO2 emissions, imposes more and more drastic terms of use for the components of Thermal Power Stations. This demand led to the development of the new Grade 91 martensitic steels with 9-12% chromium, associates the usual properties of martensite with solid solution and precipitation hardening. This grade presents exceptional creep properties, but also an unusual damage mode at the welded joint (internal cracks generated in the HAZ - Heat Affected Zone -). Depending on the operating conditions (temperature - stress), the creep damage mode differ, resulting in a specific fracture location. Under industrial conditions (540 - 610 °C) Grade 91 has a cavitation damage mode with a type IV fracture, located in the HAZ, close to the base metal. While ormer studies analysed the microstructural evolution induced by creep, no quantitative relationship seems to have been established between these modifications and service life. However, the links between stress evolution and microstructural modifications during the creep test are not elucidated. The aim of this work carried out with the Institut de Soudure (IS) is to identify the origin and to understand this damage mode in order to propose one or more monitoring factors for follow the residual life time of a welded joint. The objective was to follow, during creep test, the evolution of stresses, microstructure and damage in the base metal and in the weakness zone of the welded joint. Creep tests on welded joints were carried out at a temperature and stress level leading to damage similar to the operating conditions and interrupted at different stages of the service life. The samples were then characterised in situ by diffraction in synchrotron radiation during creep under the same conditions (stress-temperature), to determine the distribution of internal stress along the welded joint. The samples were then investigated using microscopy, microanalysis and diffraction techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron diffraction (SAED) and backscatter electron diffraction (EBSD). In addition, the welded joint mechanical properties were monitored by micro-hardness mapping
Raous, Sophie. "Dynamique du nickel et d’autres éléments en traces métalliques (Co, Cr, Cu et Mn) dans des matériaux miniers ultramafiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL004N/document.
Full textA way to ensure physical and chemical stability of mining spoils heaps from nickeliferous laterites is to revegetate them using the native vegetation of the ultramafic soils. The aim of this work was to study the geochemical reactivity of nickeliferous mining spoils of Niquelândia and Barro Alto complexes (Goiás) for the further application of such a revegetation process. Mineralogy and reactivity of TME bearing phases in the spoils were determined. The influence of transport and percolating solution composition on the Ni mobilisation were then studied using saturated and unsaturated column experiments. Finally, the comparison of the composition of solution circulating in natural ultramafic soils with those circulating in experimental plots composed of typical mining ores allowed us to have a first evaluation of the adaptability of natural vegetation to spoils. Two main phases are present in the spoils: a garnieritic spoil, mainly composed of ferruginous smectites enriched in exchangeable Ni (1230 mg kg-1); and a limonitic spoil, mainly composed of goethite with little mobile Ni but very high exchangeable Cr(VI) contents (980 mg kg-1) located as outer sphere complexes at the goethite surface. Synthetic goethite and purified smectite served as model phases to refine the characterisation of main reactive mechanisms implied in Ni mobilisation (PHREEQC modelling). Besides outer (smectite, garnierite) and inner (goethite, limonite) sphere complexation reactions, we showed that the dissolution of mineral phases (phylosilicates, goethite and manganese oxides) and the adsorption of metal-citrate or metal-EDTA complexes do have an important role in the composition of the solution circulating in the spoils
Fourmentin, Richard. "Modélisation thermodynamique du système Fe-Zn-Al-Cr à 460°C et son impact sur les procédés de galvanisation." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Fourmentin.pdf.
Full textColignon, Yann. "Etude par sonde atomique tomographique de la décomposition spinodale dans le système Fe-Cr en couches minces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4359.
Full textDecomposition kinetics due to the presence of a miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr system are generally studied in Fe-Cr bulk alloys for which the decomposition occurs in three dimensions. We studied the spinodal decomposition kinetics in Fe-Cr thins films. These thin films have a Cr composition oscillation whose wave vector is perpendicular to the sample surface. The decomposition of the alloy lead an increase of the oscillation amplitude during annealing and thus generate a decomposition in a single dimension. Samples having different oscillation wavelengths have been designed. Annealing treatments at 500°C of these samples were analyzed by atom probe tomography. These results were then compared to AKMC and mean field simulations. Annealing treatments at 500°C of a sample having a composition oscillation with a 22nm wavelength showed an unexpected decrease in oscillation amplitude. Annealing treatments at 500°C of a sample having a composition oscillation with a 6nm wavelength showed several behavior of the composition oscillation. Indeed, the oscillation amplifies by places while damps or changes very little in other places. The presence of O and grain boundaries in thin films may explain these different behaviors
Gonzalez, Jose Luis Jr. "In-Vivo Corrosion and Fretting of Modular TI-6AL-4V/CO-CR-MO Hip Prostheses: The Influence of Microstructure and Design Parameters." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1756.
Full textHanf, Marie-Christine. "Croissance épitaxique du chrome sur Au (100) : une étude par photoémission angulaire et diffraction d'électrons lents." Mulhouse, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MULH0104.
Full textBENAHMED-ALI, NACERA. "Comportement du chrome, du titane et du titane nitrure vis-a-vis du chlore gazeux sec a haute temperature." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066642.
Full textLemoine, Charlotte. "Etude structurale et magnétique de mélanges FeCr élaborés par mécanosynthèse." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES039.
Full textCosta, Davide. "Modelling the thermal ageing evolution of Fe-Cr alloys using a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo approach based on DFT calculations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10037/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the study of the microstrucutre evolution of the Fe-Cr system under thermal ageing. The vacancy diffusion mechanism was investigated in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and the capability of a recently developed embedded atom method (EAM) empirical cohesive model to reproduce the DFT results was examined. We have shown that the vacancy migration energy strongly depends on the saddle point atomic environment where the chromium-chromium and the chromium-vacancy interactions partially determine the saddle point energy. We proposed three approaches for the parameterisation of an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) model: one fully based on the EAM potential, the others partially based on our DFT calculations. The AKMC simulations of the thermal ageing of the Fe-20 at.%Cr and Fe-25 at.%Cr alloys at 773 K show the formation of chromium-rich precipitates whose growth with time follows a power law with exponent 1/3. This is consistent with the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory of coarsening. The AKMC parameterisation fully based on the EAM potential predicts a mean precipitate size higher than the experimentally observed one, whereas the parameterisations partially based on our DFT calculations underestimate it. This disagreement seems to have a kinetic rather than thermodynamic origin. The composition of the precipitating phase varies during the phase separation thus indicating that the unmixing is driven by either a non-classical nucleation or a spinodal decomposition. Interconnected precipitates are more likely to form in the Fe-25 at.%Cr alloy than in the Fe-20 at.%Cr thus suggesting that, as the solute concentration increases, the spinodal decomposition is more likely to occur