Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crack (Drug)'
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Carpenter, Tracy R. "Beyond Crack Mother: Narratives of Drug Addiction and Recovery." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418833307.
Full textVedova, Gabriela Prioli Della. "A influência da repressão penal sobre o usuário de crack na busca pelo tratamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-20012015-154147/.
Full textThis paper analyzes the impact of criminal repression on crack users seeking treatment, evaluating the coherence between the purposes declared by the current drug policy and the means provided by law for its achievement. This paper was conducted by means of a qualitative research with humans beings, operated through interviews with crack users and former users in treatment, as well as with professionals in the multidisciplinary team from the treatment site.
Melo, Paulo de Tarso Monteiro de Albuquerque. "O consumidor de crack: a influência das crenças familiares no tratamento." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=936.
Full textIntroduction: Literature considers that a gathering of family values, beliefs and practices compose the cultural reference of the family and this interferes in the participation of relatives during the treatment for users of crack and other drugs. Social Cognitive Theory, as well as some other contemporary theoretical reflections about the subject, substantiates the following investigation. Objective: To investigate family beliefs about consumption of crack and its relation to the family participation during the treatment of a relative in the Therapeutic Communities (TC). Method: Ten families of crack users that were being treated in a Therapeutic Community and a representative of the institution participated in this research. That TC, even being private, has an agreement with UHS in order to treat mental disorders and chemical dependency. The following instruments were applied: a scale to measure socioeconomic status (ABIPEME) that identify five social strata (A, B, C, D and E) in terms of consumption power; an abridged version of the CEBRID/SAMSHA questionnaire in order to evaluate the perception of risks about the consumption of psychoactive substances and two scripts for semi-structured interviews family and CT representatives versions, in order to evaluate the beliefs about crack consumption, family participation and treatment effectiveness . Results: The socio-demographic and economic profile shows that the interviewed relatives were between 24 and 62 years of age, the majority being of economic status E, wives and mothers of crack users, young adults that were in their first treatment or had been treated before. In the evaluation of risks, the relatives said that crack, since the first use, already presented a serious risk, comparing to other substances. The most exceeded beliefs were: influence of friends, destruction of family, involvement in illicit activities and the risk of life. The relatives believed in the family participation and considered themselves as cooperators. Discussion: The results could provide material for a better comprehension of family beliefs about the consumption of crack, thus contributing to foment an intervention that promotes the family participation during the treatment.
Matheus, Paula Daniele. "Cell proliferation rate in clinically healthy oral mucosa of crack cocaine users." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143365.
Full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cell proliferation rate of cells exfoliated from clinically healthy mucosa of crack cocaine users. Material and Methods: Oral smears were collected from tongue and floor of the mouth mucosa of 87 individuals divided into three groups: crack cocaine users (CrCo), n=26; smokers/alcohol drinkers (SA), n=26 and controls (C), n=35. Histological slides were silver-stained using AgNOR technique to evaluate cell proliferation rate. Images were obtained by an image capturing system adapted to a light microscope at x1000 magnification. Quantification considered 50 cells by smear in which the number of AgNOR dots was visually counted. Mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus (mAgNOR) and the percentage of cells with more than 1,2,3 and 4 AgNORs per nucleus (pAgNOR>1,>2>3 an>4) were calculated. Results: Cells exfoliated from tongue mucosa of SA (3.34±0.51 AgNOR/nucleus) exhibit higher cell proliferation rate (p<0.05) when compared to C (2.81±0.773 AgNORs/nucleus) and to CrCo (2.87±0.51 AgNORs/nucleus). An increase (p<0.05) in mAgNOR was also observed in floor of the mouth cells (3.55±0.57) in SA when compared to C (3.18±0.53) and CrCo (3.28±0.39). Similar findings were found using pAgNOR>1,>2,>3 e >4. Conclusion: Crack cocaine users did not present changes in cell proliferation rate of oral mucosa. Between the expositions studied here, cigarette smoking in combination with alcohol consumption remain as the most harmful factors to oral mucosa.
Gaus, Joseph Stelmach. "Adolescent substance use as mediated by self reporting of motivation and associated circumstances." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184588.
Full textArruda, Marcel Segalla Bueno. "A cracolândia muito além do crack." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-06112014-130632/.
Full textIntroduction: This study examines the social subject (group) that constitutes the Cracolândia, territory in the Luz area, city of São Paulo. We assume that the phenomenon of the São Paulos Cracolândia is part of the social question and therefore cannot be attributed to the drug use, or to the crack itself. The scientific papers raised in the literature review indexed in the Scopus database allowed realizing their compliance with the foundations of the modern public health, which is seeking to identify vulnerable groups to the crack consumption, leaving out of the equation the structural dimension of the social problem, and the dimension of the production and circulation of the crack. The overall objective is to understand the social subject that constitutes the Cracolândia, and the specific objectives are: to identify the social reproduction of individuals staying or living in Cracolândia; to analyze the life histories of these subjects and to raise the existence of crack use and perception of the role of consumption in their lives and the lives of users in general. The political purpose is to propose a new basis for public policy in the Cracolândia region, from understanding the reality of who stays or lives in that region. Method: This is a qualitative research case study developed under the theoretical foundations of Dialectical and Historical Materialism, in the field of Collective Heath which outlines the social explanation of the phenomenon of drug use. We used the interviews and developed an instrument to collect data with two parts formed by: a) variables for composition of the Social Reproduction Index of the participants families, and b) opened questions about the life trajectory of the individuals, the place which Cracolândia and crack use occupy in these trajectories. Fieldwork was conducted in Cracolândia using the snowball technique. Ten participants were interviewed, nine men and one woman. Results: The results show that: almost all respondents came from other states of Brazil, having immigrated for different reasons: threats to life, to escape imprisonment, political persecution and especially searching for better social conditions. Living in Cracolândia for all seems to have a strong protective dimension, sought because of the marginalization, occasioned by the social question, an inherent historical process of capitalist societies. The interviewed also came to the Cracolândia for the lack of social protection, aggravated by the neoliberal capitalist model. With respect to drug use, seven reported using crack and all used licit drugs. Conclusion: we conclude that the central category for understanding the social group that constitutes Cracolândia lies in the social issue and not in the issue of drug use itself. People are primarily exposed to processes of impoverishment andmarginalization resulting from the productive restructuring of capitalism that has reduced formal jobs and mechanisms of social protection and brutally expanded the reserve army, which is partially represented by the social group that constitutes the São Paulo´s Cracolândia
SILVA, Anna Katarina Barbosa da. "No meio do caminho tinha uma pedra...: um estudo de caso sobre o discurso do sujeito usuário de crack em sua relação com o corpo no uso abusivo da substância." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17451.
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CAPES
A presente tese de doutorado teve como proposta investigar os discursos do sujeito sobre si mesmo, bem como de sua família e profissional assistente, a partir das mudanças corporais que advém da experiência do abuso do crack. Se e como o sujeito usuário de crack em uso abusivo percebe seu corpo. Fisicamente, os ‘noiados’, como são chamados os usuários de crack, tem os dedos e lábios queimados por causa do consumo da substância, falta ou apodrecimento dos dentes e magreza, na maioria das vezes, excessiva. O estudo tem como escopo teórico a Psicanálise, que fornece subsídios para a discussão sobre as toxicomanias, o movimento repetitivo de consumo, o autoerotismo e busca de um gozo mortífero, além de reflexões sobre a metáfora paterna e o nó borromeu lacaniano. O local de realização da pesquisa foi o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas Recanto dos Guararapes, situado em Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que aborda a história de um usuário de crack, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com o mesmo, fora do momento de consumo, na referida instituição, bem como com os demais participantes. Ele recebe o nome de Sísifo, com sua pequena pedra de crack, uma metáfora ao mito em que o sujeito empurra uma enorme pedra até o topo de uma montanha para vê-la rolar e voltar a seguir e, assim, repetindo o mesmo ato. Os resultados e discussões partem da exposição do caso de Sífifo que iniciou o consumo de crack há cerca de 10 anos, ainda faz uso da substância e está há um ano em tratamento no CAPS. Os trechos de fala dos participantes, em destaque as de Sísifo, debatem o autoerotismo presente no consumo e a noção de busca por um gozo absoluto, conduzido pela pulsão de morte, que apagaria a percepção da automutilação e do masoquismo visíveis no corpo depreciado após o consumo. Ainda, algumas falas deixam escapar uma relação muito próxima do sujeito que “tem medo de crescer” e sua mãe, o que pode contribuir para a recorrência do corpo fragilizado nesta relação com a figura materna, o que permite reflexões sobre uma fragilidade na inscrição do Nome-do-Pai e o corpo necessitando de cuidados, assim como o corpo infantil. Por fim, partindo da ideia do afrouxamento do nó borromeu e sobressalência do Real, o sujeito, após o uso abusivo, traz em seu discurso a proximidade com a temática da morte e se auto denomina pelo que chamo de Nomes-do-Morrer, utilizando significantes próximos da morte e ligados a própria morte. Sugere–se, então, uma clínica borromeana e intervenções que envolvam reflexões sobre o corpo do sujeito usuário de crack e que convoque cada vez mais o Outro, dando espaço de fala aos mesmos, partindo da noção de sujeito como constituído pela linguagem.
The present doctoral thesis aimed to investigate the subject´s speeches about itself, as well as its family and professional assistants, from the body changes that come from the crack abuse experience. If and how does the subject who uses crack abusively perceive its own body? Physically, the “junkies”, as the crack cocaine users are called, have burnt fingers and lips due to the consumption of the substance, missing or rotten teeth and thinness, in the majority of cases, excessive. The study has as theoretical scope the psychoanalysis, which provides subsidies for a discussion about addictions, the movement of repetitive consumption, autoeroticism and the pursuit of adeadly jouissance, besides reflections on the paternal metaphor and the borromean knot of Lacan. The research was conducted at the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs Recanto dos Guararapes, located in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil. This is a case study about the story of a crack cocaine user, through interviews made with the subject, during moments of non-consumption, at the above mentioned institution, as well as the other participants. He is known as Sísifo, with his small crack rock, a metaphor for the myth in which the subject pushes a huge stone until the top of a mountain, to watch it roll back and forth and, thus, repeating the same act. The results and discussions start from the display of Sísifo´s case, who started using crack for about 10 years, still uses the substance and has been in treatment for a year at CAPS (Psychossocial care center – PCC). The speech excerpts of the participants, highlighted the Sisyphus, debate the auto eroticismpresent consumption and the notion of search for an absolute joy, driven by the death drive, which erases the perception of visible self-mutilation and masochism depreciate body after consumption. Still, some lines let out a very close relationship of the subject who "are afraid to grow" and her mother, which may contribute to the recurrence of the frail body in this relationship with the mother figure, which allows reflections on a weakness in the application of name of the Father and the body in need of care as well as the child's body. Finally, based on the idea of loosening the knot Borromean and overjet of the real, the subject after the abuse, brings in his speech the proximity to the theme of death and calls himself by what I call Names-the-Dying using significant near death and linked her own death. It is suggested, therefore, a Borromean clinic and interventions involving reflections on the body of the subject crack user and to convene increasingly Other, giving speech to the same space, based on the notion of the subject as constituted by language.
Smith, Christine Elizabeth. "SPLENDOR IN THE BLUEGRASS: THE POLICING OF DRUG RELATED CRIME IN LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/12.
Full textLima, Armida Portela D. Albuquerque. "As múltiplas faces do crack : da experiência do usuário ao contexto sócio-político." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1010.
Full textThis work aimed to study the meaning of the experience of crack/cocaine users in contemporary political/social context. We had planned our research in direction of the followed specific objectives: create an understanding of the meanings produced by crack/cocaine users on his/her experiences with this substance; analyze the political/social context in which their crack/cocaine experiences occurs; and propose perspectives of attention to the crack/cocaine user considering the meaning and the social/political context. The methodology was qualitative from the existential phenomenological perspective. At first, we made a documentary analysis of the newspaper texts produced in years 2012/2013. We analyzed the design of use, dependence, sense/meaning, beyond those involved in the political/social use of crack/cocaine aspects. Second, applying the narrative of Walter Benjamin and utilizing a prompt ask, we interviewed six crack/cocaine users who spoke freely about their experience with the substance. The subjects were selected from the private practices of physicians and/or psychologists, as well as harm reduction agents. Choose of the sample was therefore intentional, and not directed to generalizations of the experiences. Professionals collaborate in the selection observing the distinct modes of use: casual, recreational and dependence, this last that could be mild, moderate and severe. We considered that each of these modes implies the social integration of the user and therefore could emerge political issues. The researcher took as posture a constant dialogue with the texts and study subjects, to this, addressing the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer. Data analysis were performed based on the work of Arendt in his political/social aspect.
Rui, Taniele 1982. "Corpos abjetos : etnografia em cenários de uso e comércio de crack." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280382.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Nesta tese, parte-se da figura do nóia, apreendida por mim como uma categoria, a um só tempo, de acusação e de assunção que agrupa apenas um segmento muito particular dos usuários de crack: aqueles que, por uma série de circunstâncias sociais e individuais, desenvolveram com a substância uma relação extrema e radical, produto e produtora de uma corporalidade em que ganha destaque a abjeção. Se da perspectiva das interações concretas trata-se de uma categoria bastante plástica; é instigante o fato de que tal plasticidade some quando se fala publicamente do uso de crack: imediatamente é essa figura que emerge e justifica todo o aparato repressivo, assistencial, religioso, midiático, sanitário e moral. Portanto, é o corpo do nóia que radicaliza a alteridade, na medida em que materializa um tipo social fundado a partir da exclusão. Uma vez nessa condição, evoca limites corporais, sociais, espaciais, simbólicos e morais, bem como impulsiona a criação de gestões assistenciais e policialescas que visam tanto recuperá-lo quanto eliminá-lo. Considerando a permeabilidade das fronteiras corporais e suas conexões com processos sociais e simbólicos, o objetivo central da tese é, portanto, mostrar empiricamente (a partir da etnografia realizada entre os anos de 2008-2010 nas cidades de Campinas e de São Paulo) a potencialidade deste definhamento corporal e da produção desses corpos abjetos. Argumento que tais corpos se constituem na necessária interface com a substância, os espaços de uso, as redes de solidariedade e prestação mútua, os objetos necessários para o consumo, os atores sociais envolvidos no comércio, no consumo e na prevenção de danos decorrentes desse abuso e as políticas urbanísticas, assistenciais, sanitárias e repressivas. Menos que focar nas experiências dos usuários, mas tendo-as em conta, os corpos abjetos aqui em destaque serão observados porque produzem gestões, territorialidades e alteridades
Abstract: The focus of this thesis is the noia, an endemic category of accusation and assumption that comprehends a particular segment of crack users: the ones that, because of several different social and individual circumstances, have kept a radical relationship with the substance - that results in an abject body. If in the domain of the concrete interaction, noia is a plastic category, such plasticity becomes very diffused in the public talks about crack. Around the abject body many agents and practices are created concerning the repression, assistance, religion, media, public health and moral judgment. Thus, the body of the noia radicalizes the otherness, because it creates a social type that is founded from the exclusion - that produces corporeal, social, spatial and symbolic borders. It also promotes the formation of welfare and repressive policies. Considering the permeability of corporal boundaries and its connection with social and symbolic processes, the main purpose of this thesis is to describe the potentiality of these abject bodies, through the ethnography carried out in the period of 2008-2010 in Campinas and São Paulo cities. I propose that these bodies are built from the interface with several factors: substance, drug scenes, networks of solidarity, artifacts, dealers, harm reduction workers and the public policies. The emphasis is not on the users' experiences, but on how these abject bodies produce managements, territorialities and otherness
Doutorado
Antropologia
Doutor em Antropologia Social
Burkett, Virginia Shannon. "Treatment Effects Related to EEG-Biofeedback for Crack Cocaine Dependency: Changes in Personality and Attentional Variables." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4816/.
Full textMalone, Chad Allen. "Behind the Drug Wars: Determinants and Consequences of State Crack and Powder Cocaine Laws, 1976 – 2011." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436974322.
Full textMoreira, Frederico Gomes e. Silva. "COMPREENSÃO LEITORA EM DEPENDENTES DE CRACK: UM ESTUDO PSICOLINGUÍSTICO." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2010. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/131.
Full textThis work aims to examine reading comprehension levels reached by chemical dependents regarding several text genres as compared to that of nondependents. The study subjects were divided into two groups of 20 people: G1, constituted by drug users, and G2, constituted by non-users. For testing subjects reading comprehension levels, we used two narrative texts, a fable and a short story, and also an expositive one, all of them prepared according to Cloze procedure. Chemical dependency stages were established by means of ASSIST test, which sets scores for identifying drug use stages through the lives of subjects. Results show that non-users present higher scores in Cloze procedure for all text genres used, which shows they have higher levels of reading comprehension than drug users. Data also proved that drugs damage important brain areas linked to users cognition, such as memory functions, focus and impulses
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o nível de compreensão leitora entre dependentes químicos, comparando-a com os não dependentes, em diferentes gêneros textuais. O estudo foi constituído de dois grupos, os usuários de drogas (G1) e não usuários de drogas (G2) cada grupo composto de 20 sujeitos. Para verificar a compreensão leitora, os participantes foram expostos a três textos, um do gênero fábula, outro do gênero conto e o terceiro do gênero divulgação científica para leigos, todos elaborados através do procedimento Cloze. O grau de dependência química, por sua vez, foi analisado por meio do teste ASSIST, que estabelece pontuações que indicam o nível de uso de drogas durante a vida dos sujeitos. Os resultados mostram que o grupo dos não usuários de drogas obteve maiores médias no procedimento Cloze em todos os gêneros textuais, mostrando assim um grau significativamente maior de compreensão leitora do que o grupo dos usuários de drogas. Os dados ainda sugerem a idéia de que a droga causa prejuízos em áreas importantes que se coadunam com a cognição de seus usuários, como funções de memória, concentração e controle de impulsos
Cruz, Vania Dias. "Vivências de mulheres que consomem crack em Pelotas-RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1874.
Full textDrug use among women is increasing and it is influenced by different social markers, thus know the relationship between gender and crack use allows us to identify the pattern of use among women and understand how their socialization occurs. This study is justified because women who use crack show specific and unique necessities which need to be recognized by the health professionals in their work practice. So, we had as objective: know the experiences of women who use crack. This is a study with a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive, it is a cutting of data of the research "profile of crack users and usage patterns" funded by CNPq. collection was performed in the period of January 2012 in the different neighbourhoods of the city of Pelotas / RS, Brazil, along with Harm Reduction Agents. 16 women participated of the survey; they were users or former users of crack and enrolled Harm Reduction Strategy of the city. The semi-structured interviews occurred in the social context where women live or move through. The analysis of the questions was based on content analysis, in the mode of thematic. The results showed a group of women, mostly young, with low schooling and income, performing informal occupational activities and with at least 1 child. With regard to the pattern of crack use, the consumption was of the binge type and interfered with their pre-existing daily activities, featuring the most of those women as abusive crack users. Escape from loneliness, troubles and losses, in addition, the search for pleasure and happiness were identified like some reasons responsible for the maintenance of use of this drug. The abusive pattern of crack and the low financial conditions seem to be responsible factors for the involvement of some women in prostitution and in criminal practices, such as thefts and drug trafficking. We identified a network of solidarity between the people who use crack, formed from the establishment of help bonds and alliances. Several adverse events during the childhood of those women, such as family dysfunction, use of alcohol and other drugs and the presence of physical violence were identified, explaining the existence of family relationships troubled before the start of crack use. The data analysis under the perspective of gender relationships allowed us to understand that the woman who consumes crack is permeated by several relational categories, which place the particular, woman, in constant interaction with other social markers which are responsible items for producing and transforming circumstances and concrete experiences, according to the specific needs and wishes, thus interfering in the pattern of crack use.
O consumo de drogas entre as mulheres é crescente e influenciado por diferentes marcadores sociais. Assim, conhecer a relação entre gênero e uso de crack nos permite identificar o padrão de consumo entre as mulheres e entender como ocorre sua socialização. Este estudo justifica-se porque as mulheres que consomem crack apresentam necessidades específicas e singulares que precisam ser reconhecidas pelos profissionais de saúde em sua prática de trabalho. Desse modo, teve-se como objetivo: Conhecer as vivências de mulheres que consomem crack. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva, a qual é um recorte da pesquisa perfil dos usuários de crack e padrões de uso financiada pelo CNPq. A coleta de dados foi realizada em janeiro de 2012, nos diferentes bairros de Pelotas/RS, com 16 mulheres usuárias ou ex-usuárias de crack cadastradas na estratégia de redução de danos da cidade. As entrevistas semiestruturadas ocorreram no contexto social onde as mulheres viviam ou transitavam. A análise das questões foi embasada na análise de conteúdo, na modalidade análise temática de Minayo. Os resultados evidenciaram um grupo de mulheres, em sua maioria, jovens, com baixo nível de escolaridade e renda, exercendo atividades ocupacionais informais e com pelo menos 1 filho. Em relação ao padrão de uso de crack, o consumo de algumas usuárias era do tipo binge e interferia nas atividades diárias preexistentes, caracterizando a maioria das mulheres como usuárias abusivas de crack. Fugir da solidão, dos problemas e perdas, além da busca por prazer e felicidade foram alguns motivos identificados como responsáveis pela manutenção do consumo da droga. O padrão abusivo de crack e as baixas condições financeiras parecem ser responsáveis pelo envolvimento de algumas mulheres na prostituição e em práticas criminosas, como roubos e tráfico de drogas. Identificou-se uma rede de solidariedade entre as pessoas que usam crack, formados a partir da constituição de vínculos de ajuda e alianças. Diversos eventos durante a infância das mulheres como o uso de álcool e outras drogas e a presença de violência física foram identificados, explicitando a existência de relações familiares conturbadas antes do início do consumo de crack. A análise dos dados sob a perspectiva de relações gênero permitiu compreender que a mulher que consome crack se encontra permeada por diversas categorias relacionais, que colocam a mulher em uma interação constante com diversos marcadores sociais capazes de produzir e transformar circunstâncias e experiências de acordo com as necessidades, interferindo assim no padrão de consumo de crack.
Dias, Catarina Irene Rodrigues. "Percepção de suporte familiar, autoeficácia e estágio motivacional: implicações na assistência ao usuário de crack." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1304.
Full textThere are approximately 370 thousand users of cocaine smoked in Brazil in the national capitals, and for the last ten years the use of crack and / or cocaine has reached four out of every ten Brazilian adolescents in the street, generating a number of individual, family and social consequences. Of this phenomenon is a serious public health problem. The present study was carried out in three moments that consubstantiated in a chapter of book, a review article and an empirical article. The chapter aimed to contextualize the epidemiological panorama of drug use in Brazilian society, through a general characterization of the term and its specificities, as well as a reflection on this phenomenon in the light of Cognitive Social Theory. It is argued that the notion of triadic reciprocity that permeates the entire sociocognitive conception has been contributing to a dynamic and systemic reading of drug consumption, which goes beyond a purely individual understanding, be it biological or behavioral. The literature review article was about the Transtheoric Model of Change (MTT) and the family support in crack user care, helping to discuss strategies for dealing with chemical dependency. In this paper we analyze the contributions of the Transtheoric Model of Change in the treatment of addicted behavior and the importance of understanding the motivational stages and processes of change by the user, family and technical team, demanding the professionals' attention regarding the understanding and treatment Of risky behaviors, which in turn require the reformulation of treatment and care strategies for users who are at any stage. The empirical article that followed the review, addressed the central theme of the dissertation and aimed to investigate the influence of the perception of family support, the belief of self efficacy and the motivational stage of crack users in adherence to the care offered in the ATITUDE Program. It was a mixed study that first investigated 60 users of both sexes that were hosted in the assistance modalities: support and intensive. In the second phase, five participants of both genders were interviewed. The following instruments were used: Family Support Perception Inventory (IPSF); Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (AEGP); University of Rhode Island Change Assesment Scale - URICA scale and semi-structured interview. By extracting the Chronbach alpha, we obtained unsatisfactory indicators of internal consistency of the AEGP and URICA scales, and high for the IPSF. The discussion is based on the unique profile of the sample, since many of the users live on the street, with a multitude of basic care deficits and, even with some level of schooling, may have experienced some level of misunderstanding in the sense of what the activity demanded In five alternatives of choice, tending to position themselves with certain ease when the theme was more concrete, as in the case of the family, also having this scale a number of alternatives of choice smaller than the others. Perhaps a larger number of users could dilute these inconsistencies found on the first two scales. Finally, the interviews allowed to highlight the importance of family ties for a better understanding of the phenomenon of crack use in its multiplicity, questioning and proposing an extended view of the family, as an important source of support to users in the continuity of their care.
Carvalho, Michelle Maria Campos. "Percepção de suporte familiar no programa atitude e as implicações na assistência aos usuários de crack." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1219.
Full textCrack usage has constituted a public health problem by the various individual, family and social consequences it causes. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between family support perspective of crack users, family and social technicians from the ATTITUDE program, analyzing the possible implications of these perceptions on the assistance for users and their families. We chose to develop the thesis in the format of articles. In the first article, we reviewed narratives based on 23 articles surveyed in the VHL databases Scielo Journals and Science Direct, in order to assess the contributions of these studies to public coping strategies with crack. The criteria adopted for the selection of items were: 1) articles on "crack and public policy," published in the last five years, and 2) studies with the population or on the Brazilian public policy. As a result, it was included nine epidemiological articles, three on clinical drug, three on contexts of use and violence, seven on social representation and media and one about family. Aspects such as change in Community assistance, intersectional policies, surveillance and epidemiological control, better integration between organizations working to reduce demand and increase in clinical research, were highlighted as important in proposing public policies. The second article is an answer to the main objective of the study, being conducted with 62 participants. Initially, it was applied to 46 crack users, linked to the Program ATTITUDE. Inventory of Family Support Perception (ISPF), which showed a high internal consistency (α = 0.88). In the second phase, a semi-structured interview with eight selected users was conducted between the 46 initial four families and 12 social workers program. The average age of these users was 30 years (SD = 6.98), whose socio-demographic profile refers to users, mostly: not married (78.3%), who lived alone (52.2%), with incomplete primary education (63%) coming from families without coexistence between parents (65.2%) who responded to the IPSF with reference to the family of origin (87%). Significant correlations were found between living alone and having a low perception of family support (r = 0.324; p = 0.05). The factor analysis also showed a significant correlation between Factor 1 (affective-consistent), and family (r = 0.460; p = 0.01) and with whom resides (r = 0.309; p = 0.05). In the qualitative stage, a content analysis was performed, revealing themselves, in general, four main themes for users and families, such as: family influence, family relationships, dealing with problems and expression of feelings. For technicians, four other themes were identified: family contribution, therapeutic activities, approach to family and experience report. The predominance of the perception of a low family support (t (44) = -4.428, p <0.05), as evidenced in the quantitative analysis, was consonant with the speech of the other participants during the interview. In line with the literature, this study also found the prevalence of maternal support and peer influence overlapping the familys as observed in the link of users with crack. It is argued in the light of Social Cognitive Theory, the influence family self-efficacy and social modeling have on substance use. This reflection reveals the importance of executing a proposition already included in the National Policy for Social Assistance, which refers to a more systemic view on the issue of crack consumption, covering both user needs and their families. It is believed that the paradigms can be improved in order to encourage new policy models in the care of drug users, especially crack.
Almeida, Renata Barreto Fernandes de. "O caminho das pedras : conhecendo melhor os usuários de crack do município do Recife-PE." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=555.
Full textThis research had as its main aim to portrait crack-cocaine users experience in the city of Recife. Subjects were crack-cocaine users, males and females, from 18 years old, undertaking treatment at drug addiction health services in Recife (CAPSad and Instituto RAID) during data collection. One subject from each CAPSad (06 in a whole) was interviewed and 06 subjects from Instituto RAID were interviewed. All designated by the health professional teams and with organized thoughts to describe their crack-cocaine use experiences, as well as with willingness to respond to a semi-structured interview. The research was qualitative with phenomenological background inspired by Husserls theory and Giorgis method. Basically, this method includes these steps: 1) reading the entire description of one subject in order to get a sense of the whole; 2) reading through the data a second time and marking those places in the description where a transition in meaning occurred from a psychological perspective (the meanings between transitions are called meaning units); 3) reading all of the meaning units and interrogating them from what they reveal about the phenomenon of interest, in this case, the crack-cocaine use experience, in order to grasp the relevance of the subjects own words for the phenomenon of using crack-cocaine in as direct a manner as possible (this step is called the transformation of the subjects lived experience into direct psychological expression); 4) presenting a situated or general structure of the experience (synthesis of each report expressed as structure of experience); and, 5) comprehending the general synthesis which represents the essence of the phenomenon to all subjects investigated. The identification of crack-cocaine users experience in meaning units pointed out to several themes such as: the experience of being a crack-cocaine user; what took them to use this drug; the meaning of crack-cocaine in their lives; crack-cocaine use sensations; crack-cocaine death pleasure; compulsion guiltiness; losses related to the drug; family as an important factor to seek treatment; crack-cocaine and violence; treatment challenges; crack-cocaine use stigma; and, loss of control experienced by users. These complex issues expressed by research subjects set great challenges to health professional teams treating crack-cocaine users and draw attention to the need of permanent reflection of their practices
Bastos, Maria do Socorro Furtado. "Uma luz na voz do invisível: a experiência de ser mãe para usuário de crack." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1072.
Full textThis research had as main objective to understand the experience of motherhood in crack smokers. Specific description of how was the experience of these women know / feel pregnant and understanding how it presented the child care and self-care goals. The subjects were mothers of women crack users. The methodology was qualitative grounded in existential phenomenology. Thus, we collected narratives of research subjects, as well as the narrative of the researcher, is facing its affect on the meeting with these women, through their action. Five women were interviewed. The theoretical framework authors took as Heidegger, Foucault and Benjamin. The analysis considered the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer. As a result presented the unveiling of the unique universe of women in their experiences with motherhood. Could not grasp the phenomenon of mother feel in their narratives. As the phenomenon of abandonment, rejection, stigma, violence and the relationship established with the substance where possible to reflect on the ontic way of living today.
Almeida, Renata Barreto Fernandes de [UNIFESP]. "O caminho das pedras: cultura de uso de crack em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/11600/41858.
Full textMinistério da Saúde – Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde
Nas últimas décadas, o consumo de drogas tem tomado dimensões preocupantes, com graves consequências para o indivíduo, sua família e comunidade, comprometendo as diversas interfaces da vida cotidiana. O crack emergiu no Brasil no final da década de 1980, apresentando-se como um fenômeno de rápida expansão. Várias pesquisas veem apontando para uma estreita relação entre o uso dessa droga e situações de vulnerabilidade vivida por essas pessoas. Considerando a relevância da questão, o presente trabalho objetivou descrever a cultura de uso do crack no Estado de Pernambuco, considerando o conjunto de conhecimentos, práticas e visões de mundo compartilhadas por esses usuários. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 39 pessoas maiores de 18 anos, que faziam uso de crack atendidas no Programa ATITUDE – Programa de atenção integral aos usuários de drogas e seus familiares, da Secretaria Executiva de Políticas sobre Drogas de Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório acerca dos diversos aspectos relacionados à cultura de uso de crack. A análise dos dados coletados foi realizada com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo, utilizando o software NVivo 10.0. Os resultados revelaram como os aspectos relacionados ao contexto social do consumo do crack têm estreita relação com o aumento de situações de vulnerabilidade vividas por esses usuários. Vários são os fatores que levam as pessoas a usarem o crack, porém a curiosidade e a influência dos amigos foram os mais presentes. Os entrevistados descreveram preferir usar o crack sozinhos, em cachimbos artesanais, sem a mistura com outras drogas. A dependência do crack foi vivenciada por quase todos os entrevistados. Poucos participantes acreditam na possibilidade de um uso controlado do crack. A compulsão é uma característica bem presente nos relatos. Diante do consumo abusivo do crack percebeu-se o grande envolvimento com atos ilícitos para obter a droga. Sob efeito da fissura e com o objetivo de continuar o uso, foi comum a descrição de atividades ilícitas de rápido retorno financeiro, gerando, além de significativo comprometimento moral e social, importante risco à vida dos entrevistados. Situações conflitantes entre os usuários e riscos eminentes de morte ou prisão estiveram presentes em vários relatos, apontando para a necessidade de intervenções do poder público. Finalmente, é importante destacar que as pesquisas qualitativas relacionadas ao consumo de crack no Brasil ainda são escassas. Diante da complexidade dessa problemática, maiores investimentos científicos precisam ser priorizados para que políticas públicas de atenção aos usuários de crack possam ser repensadas e melhor elaboradas para atender todas as particularidades relacionadas à atenção integral dessas pessoas.
In the last decades, drug use problems had became worrying, with serious consequences for the individual, his family and community, compromising the daily life of hundreds. Crack cocaine consumption emerged in Brazil in the late 1980's, and rapidly the phenomenon expanded and spreaded in whole country. Several researches point to a close relationship between the use of this drug and situations of vulnerability experienced by users. Considering the relevance of the issue, our work aimed to describe the culture of crack cocaine use in the State of Pernambuco, taking into account the set of knowledge, practices and worldviews shared by these users. For the development of this study we used a qualitative approach in which 39 semi-structured interviews of people over 18 years who used crack cocaine attended in the ATTITUDE Program – Comprehensive Care Program for Drug Users and their Families, managed by the Executive Secretary on Drug Policy of Pernambuco. It is an exploratory research on various aspects related to the culture of crack cocaine use. The analysis of the narrative data was performed based on the technique of content analysis, using the software NVivo v. 10.0. The results revealed the relationship between the social context in crack cocaine use and the increase of vulnerability situations experienced by these users. Several factors lead people to use the drug, but the curiosity and influence of friends were the most common. The interviewees described preference to use crack cocaine by oneself, in handmade pipes, without mixing of other drugs. The addiction on crack cocaine was observed in almost all the interviewees. Just few participants believed in the possibility of a controlled use of the drug. Compulsive use in binge pattern, and evolving with illicit or criminal acts to obtain the drug was recorded. Some criminal activities were informed to be realized on craving behavior to get fast financial return and to obtain the drug. Conflictive situations among users and imminent threats of death or imprisonment were observed in several reports. Finally, it is important to note that qualitative research related to crack consumption in Brazil is still scarce. Given the complexity of this problem, larger scientific investments need to be done to subsidize public policies on care and treatment turned to crack cocaine users attention to crack users.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Amaral, Rogério Gonçalves do. "Padrão de consumo e evolução para dependência de pacientes internados por uso de crack." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2011. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/169.
Full textObjectives: Evaluate the profile and patterns of consumption of crack cocaine users who were hospitalized in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Also, it was estimated the time to become addict, since the moment crack cocaine was used by the first time. . Methods: Cross-sectional study of 162 patients with the help of a structured questionnaire evaluating socio-demographic characteristics, strategies used to obtain the drug, ways of access to the drug, and criminal history. ICD-10 criteria were used to estimate the time between first use and addiction. Results: Most patients were young men (82,1%) with low literacy level and low income. The main strategy to obtain the drug was stealing, assaulting and drug traffic. The access to drugs was considered very easy (49,4%) or easy (42%) by most of the addicts, and 86% were able to obtain the drug in less than 30 minutes. After two months of having used crack for the first time, 44% were addicts, and this proportion increased to 73% with six months of use and 87% after one year. Conclusions: Crack cocaine is very easy to obtain and it leads to addiction in a short period of time. As it is widely used, and criminal acts are commonly used for its achievement, crack cocaine is an important reason for the increase of violence in urban societies
Objetivos: Estudar o perfil e padrões de consumo de pacientes internados por uso de crack, e estimar o tempo para se tornar dependente após experimentar crack pela primeira vez. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 162 pacientes internados para desintoxicação em um hospital psiquiátrico em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se um questionário para avaliar características sociodemográficas, estratégias usadas para adquirir crack, acesso à droga e história penitenciária criminal. Os critérios da CID-10 para síndrome de dependência foram usados para estimar o tempo em que o paciente se tornou dependente após experimentar a primeira pedra de crack. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era homens jovens (82,1%), com baixa escolaridade e renda. A principal estratégia ilegal para conseguir crack foi furtar, seguida por assaltos e tráfico de drogas. O acesso à droga foi considerado muito fácil (49,4%) ou fácil (42%) pela maioria dos usuários, sendo que 86% tinham acesso ao crack em menos de 30 minutos. Dois meses após experimentarem a primeira pedra de crack, 44% já se tornaram dependentes, e esta proporção aumentou para 73% aos seis meses e 87% com um ano. Conclusões: O crack é uma substância com acesso muito fácil que leva a dependência em período muito curto e com um impacto importante no aumento da violência na sociedade
Silva, Naiara França da. "Discursos sobre o crack: análise das representações sociais de usuários, familiares e profissionais do CAPS." Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, 2013. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6015.
Full textPela velocidade com que o crack tem ganhado lugar na sociedade e por ser considerado, hoje, como um grande problema social, este trabalho tomou como objeto de estudo as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack. O postulado da Teoria das Representações Sociais é apreendido pelas diversas áreas de conhecimento, tornando-se eixo de pesquisas importantes para a revelação da realidade, possibilitando a investigação de fenômenos com abrangência social, como a drogadição. Desse modo, a pesquisa buscou analisar as representações sociais acerca do usuário de crack atribuídas por usuários em acompanhamento, familiares e profissionais que os acompanham no CAPS. Pretendeu-se, ainda, analisar a relação entre essas representações e as práticas do serviço do CAPS no acompanhamento dos usuários de crack. O estudo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa foi desenvolvido de acordo com o referencial da Teoria do Núcleo Central. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro CAPS, sendo três localizados no interior do estado de Sergipe e um na capital, Aracaju. Participaram do estudo trinta usuários de crack, trinta profissionais e vinte familiares. Para coleta de dados, elaborou-se um roteiro para uma entrevista aberta com temas norteadores. Foi utilizada ainda, a técnica de evocação livre. Para análise de evocações, os dados foram organizados e processados através do software EVOC. Para análise discursiva foi utilizado o software Alceste, desenvolvido por Max Reinert. Os resultados da pesquisa servirão como contribuição para estudos futuros na área da psicologia social e da saúde mental, visando um maior entendimento da substância psicoativa crack, suas implicações e repercussões.
Melo, Juliana Rízia Félix de. "Representações sociais de dependentes químicos acerca do crack, do usuário de drogas e do tratamento." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7113.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Drug abuse and addiction has been regarded as a major public health matter which has transcended social boundaries, leading society to a major concern. In this context, we find crack cocaine, a drug that came up in the 1990 s in Brazil, bringing along strong dependence and rapid damages to its users mental, organic and social health. In order to understand the psycho-social factors that are involved when it comes to its use, we sought to know and analyze the social representations elaborated by drug-addicts in relation to crack cocaine, drug-users and treatment. As a theoretical support, the Social Representations Theory was utilized in the perspective of structural and dimensional approaches. This is a descriptive research of qualitative characteristics which was held in a psychiatric institution in the city of João Pessoa. The sample was made up with 30 under-treatment male crack users. The instruments used were: a socio-demographic questionnaire which was analyzed through the simple frequency calculus and percentages; The Association Free from Words, with the tags crack cocaine , drug users and treatment , analyzed by the program EVOC; and a semi-structured interview, which was analyzed through Bardin s Thematic Content Analysis. Such instruments were applied individually inside the institutional environment, with a recorder and with all ethical precautions that are required for research with humans. A negative representation of crack cocaine was noticed in that it is personalized in the figure of the Devil with powers to destroy its users life and society in general, causing great sadness. Moreover, crack cocaine was perceived as something that takes over the individual thoroughly, causing them to be passive and weak in relation to it. Still, it was concluded that the drug user is accounted as someone not trustable, addicted, valueless, ill, characterless, and held responsible for the destruction of the family. Such an assumption leads to a number of implications, for social representations have a status of truth, guiding the subjects conduct. Thus, this negative representation over themselves may damage these users self-image, affecting their self-esteem and their capacity for fighting against drugs, making it difficult for them to succeed in their treatment as well as their social reinsertion. It was also observed that the treatment s social representation brings up a blaming approach by which the subject is practically considered to be the one guilty for remaining in the condition of addiction. With such results, the need for a change in these social representations was verified, with the comprehension of drug use as a multi-causal phenomenon and the recognition of a drug user as a citizen, with rights, duties and needs. We expect, with this research, to provide scientific data which will help authorities to create public policies turned to this problematic issue.
O uso abusivo de drogas tem sido considerado um problema de saúde pública, que vem ultrapassando todas as fronteiras sociais, preocupando toda a sociedade. Nesse contexto encontra-se o crack, que surgiu na década de 1990 no Brasil, causando forte dependência e prejudicando rapidamente a vida mental, orgânica e social dos seus usuários. A fim de compreender os fatores psicossociais que envolvem este consumo, objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as representações sociais elaboradas por dependentes químicos acerca do crack, dos usuários de drogas e do tratamento. Como suporte teórico foi utilizada a Teoria das Representações Sociais, na perspectiva das abordagens dimensional e estrutural. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de cunho qualitativo, que foi realizado em uma instituição psiquiátrica de João Pessoa-PB. A amostra foi composta por 30 usuários de crack, em tratamento, do sexo masculino. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um questionário sociodemográfico, o qual foi analisado através do cálculo de frequências simples e porcentagens; a Associação Livre de Palavras, com os estímulos "crack", "usuário de drogas" e "tratamento", que foi analisada a partir do programa EVOC; e uma entrevista semiestruturada, que foi analisada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Os instrumentos foram aplicados no ambiente institucional, de forma individual, com o uso de gravador, tomando-se todos os cuidados éticos que envolvem a pesquisa com seres humanos. Verificou-se uma representação negativa do crack, em que ele é personificado na figura do Diabo, tendo o poder de destruir a vida de seus usuários e da sociedade em geral, gerando grande tristeza. Além disso, o crack foi percebido como algo que domina o indivíduo inteiramente, tornando-o passivo e impotente diante da droga. Constatou-se ainda que o usuário de drogas é representado como alguém não confiável, viciado, sem valor, doente, que não tem caráter e que é responsável pela destruição da família. Tal percepção acarreta uma série de implicações, pois as representações sociais possuem status de verdade, guiando as condutas dos sujeitos. Neste sentido, essa representação negativa sobre si mesmo pode prejudicar a autoimagem desses usuários, afetando sua autoestima e sua capacidade de enfrentamento às drogas, o que pode dificultar o sucesso do seu tratamento, bem como a sua reinserção social. Observou-se, também, que a representação social do tratamento apresenta um enfoque culpabilizante, em que o sujeito é considerado praticamente o único responsável pela sua permanência na condição de dependente. Diante dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se a necessidade de mudança dessas representações sociais, com a compreensão do uso de drogas como um fenômeno multicausal e o reconhecimento do usuário de drogas como um cidadão, com direitos, deveres e necessidades. Espera-se, com esta pesquisa, fornecer dados científicos que possam auxiliar os órgãos competentes na formação de políticas públicas voltadas para esta problemática.
Casarin, Maísa. "COMPARAÇÕES MICROBIOLÓGICAS DE INDIVÍDUOS EXPOSTOS E NÃO EXPOSTOS AO CRACK:." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6155.
Full textInúmeros indicadores de risco têm se mostrado poder modular o estabelecimento e progressão da doença periodontal. Há evidências demonstrando que algumas drogas ilícitas como a cocaína e heroína podem influenciar na etiopatogenia da periodontite. Entretanto, há poucas evidências investigando a influência do crack na epidemiologia e perfil de periodontopatógenos na periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo transversal com grupo controle foi comparar a contagem de alguns periodontopatógenos em indivíduos expostos ao crack a sujeitos controles pareados por idade, sexo e exposição ao tabaco. Foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, clínicas e biofilme subgengival de 155 sujeitos (74 expostos ao crack /81 controles). O desfecho microbiológico foi a contagem de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) e Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) mensuradas pela técnica de PCR em tempo real. Os resultados demonstraram que os expostos apresentaram maior severidade na perda de inserção (P=0.000), analisado por McNemar, com excessão de sangramento gengival marginal (P=0,489) e cálculo supragengival (P=0,504), teste Wilcoxon. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na prevalência da contagem 106 células/ml e na contagem total das bactérias avaliadas entre os grupos, através de Regressão de Poisson com Variancia Robusta. Na análise dos sujeitos que tiveram apenas as maiores contagens bacterianas (≥ 75%), tanto na análise bruta quanto na ajustada houve uma prevalência significativamente maior de indivíduos no grupo exposto ao crack. Conclui-se que o perfil microbiológico de Aa, Pg, Pi e Fn não diferiu entre expostos e não expostos ao crack.
Perrone, Pablo Andrés Kurlander [UNESP]. "Fatores prognósticos para o abandono precoce do tratamento da dependência do álcool, crack e outras drogas em uma comunidade terapêutica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123851.
Full textA presente pesquisa investiga os diferentes fatores que podem ser prognósticos para o tempo de permanência de dependentes de álcool e drogas em tratamento em uma Comunidade Tera-pêutica, assim como para o abandono, considerando que o tempo de tratamento inferior a três meses e o abandono são fatores prognósticos para a recidiva. Para isto foi realizado um estudo longitudinal num grupo de dependentes de álcool e drogas em tratamento numa Comunidade Terapêutica, visando avaliar as condições sociodemográficas, gravidade da dependência e a presença de ansiedade e depressão no início do tratamento. O desfecho do tratamento foi ava-liado a partir de uma variável contínua (tempo de permanência - dias) e uma categorizada (abandono - conclusão). Foram também avaliados, de forma univariada e multivariada, os diferentes fatores que podem estar associados a estas duas variáveis, buscando compreender melhor o que colabora com o abandono precoce do tratamento (menos de 90 dias de perma-nência) e, consequentemente, com a recidiva. A pesquisa contou com 91 sujeitos, dos quais 67 (74,0%) abandonaram o tratamento, sendo 45 (67,0%) dos casos abandono precoce. As principais faixas etárias foram 25-35 anos (38,5%) e 36-50 anos (29,7%). Em relação a outros dados sociodemográficos, 41,7% foram solteiros, 72,5% com baixo nível de escolaridade, 36,3% estavam trabalhando antes da internação, 65,0% de classe média, 54,9% brancos, 44,0% evangélicos/protestantes e 41,7% católicos. A principal droga de abuso foi o crack (60,4%), seguida do álcool (33,0%). 41,8% relataram tempo de uso de 11 a 20 anos, 75,8% foram tabagistas, 30,8% usavam medicação psicoativa ao ingressar ao tratamento e 67,0% relataram haver outros dependentes de álcool e drogas na família de convivência. 52,7% tive-ram outras internações em Comunidade Terapêutica, 19,8% já estiveram na mesma Comuni-dade Terapêutica deste estudo e 38,5% já tinham sido presos. Em ...
The present paper aims investigate the different factors that can be prognostics to time of permanence of alcohol and drugs dependents in treatment on a Therapeutic Community, as well as to dropout, considering that time of treatment lower than three months and dropout are prognostic factors to relapse. For this longitudinal study was conducted in a group of alcohol and drugs dependents in treatment on a Therapeutic Community, to evaluate the so-ciodemographic characteristics, severity of dependence and the presence of anxiety and de-pression at start of treatment. The treatment outcome was assessed using a continuous varia-ble (time of permanence - days) and a categorized (dropout - conclusion). The different fac-tors that can be associated to this two variables have been assessed, univariate and multivar-iate form, aiming better comprehension what collaborates with early dropout (less than 90 days of permanence) and, consequently, to recurrence. The survey had 91 subjects, of whom 67 (74.0%) dropped out of treatment, with 45 (67.0%) cases of early dropout. The main age ranges were 25-35 years old (38.5%) and 36-50 years old (29.7%). Regarding other socio-demographic data, 41.7% were single, 72.5% with low education level, 36.3% were working before admission, 65.0% middle class, 54.9% white, 44.0% evangelical/protestant and 41.7% catholic. The main drug of abuse was crack (60.4%), followed by alcohol (33.0%). 41.8% reported time of use between 11 to 20 years, 75.8% were smokers, 30.8% used psychoactive medication at entering in treatment and 67.0% reported alcohol and other drugs dependents in the family of cohabitation. 52.7% had other admissions in Therapeutic Community, 19.8% have been in the same Therapeutic Community of this study and 38.5% had been arrested. Regarding the presence of anxiety and depression at the beginning of treatment, low levels have been found, being the probable score on 19.0% for anxiety and 7.0% for ...
Perrone, Pablo Andrés Kurlander. "Fatores prognósticos para o abandono precoce do tratamento da dependência do álcool, crack e outras drogas em uma comunidade terapêutica /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123851.
Full textBanca: Ricardo César Torresan
Banca: Adriana Marcassa Tucci
Resumo: A presente pesquisa investiga os diferentes fatores que podem ser prognósticos para o tempo de permanência de dependentes de álcool e drogas em tratamento em uma Comunidade Tera-pêutica, assim como para o abandono, considerando que o tempo de tratamento inferior a três meses e o abandono são fatores prognósticos para a recidiva. Para isto foi realizado um estudo longitudinal num grupo de dependentes de álcool e drogas em tratamento numa Comunidade Terapêutica, visando avaliar as condições sociodemográficas, gravidade da dependência e a presença de ansiedade e depressão no início do tratamento. O desfecho do tratamento foi ava-liado a partir de uma variável contínua (tempo de permanência - dias) e uma categorizada (abandono - conclusão). Foram também avaliados, de forma univariada e multivariada, os diferentes fatores que podem estar associados a estas duas variáveis, buscando compreender melhor o que colabora com o abandono precoce do tratamento (menos de 90 dias de perma-nência) e, consequentemente, com a recidiva. A pesquisa contou com 91 sujeitos, dos quais 67 (74,0%) abandonaram o tratamento, sendo 45 (67,0%) dos casos abandono precoce. As principais faixas etárias foram 25-35 anos (38,5%) e 36-50 anos (29,7%). Em relação a outros dados sociodemográficos, 41,7% foram solteiros, 72,5% com baixo nível de escolaridade, 36,3% estavam trabalhando antes da internação, 65,0% de classe média, 54,9% brancos, 44,0% evangélicos/protestantes e 41,7% católicos. A principal droga de abuso foi o crack (60,4%), seguida do álcool (33,0%). 41,8% relataram tempo de uso de 11 a 20 anos, 75,8% foram tabagistas, 30,8% usavam medicação psicoativa ao ingressar ao tratamento e 67,0% relataram haver outros dependentes de álcool e drogas na família de convivência. 52,7% tive-ram outras internações em Comunidade Terapêutica, 19,8% já estiveram na mesma Comuni-dade Terapêutica deste estudo e 38,5% já tinham sido presos. Em ...
Abstract: The present paper aims investigate the different factors that can be prognostics to time of permanence of alcohol and drugs dependents in treatment on a Therapeutic Community, as well as to dropout, considering that time of treatment lower than three months and dropout are prognostic factors to relapse. For this longitudinal study was conducted in a group of alcohol and drugs dependents in treatment on a Therapeutic Community, to evaluate the so-ciodemographic characteristics, severity of dependence and the presence of anxiety and de-pression at start of treatment. The treatment outcome was assessed using a continuous varia-ble (time of permanence - days) and a categorized (dropout - conclusion). The different fac-tors that can be associated to this two variables have been assessed, univariate and multivar-iate form, aiming better comprehension what collaborates with early dropout (less than 90 days of permanence) and, consequently, to recurrence. The survey had 91 subjects, of whom 67 (74.0%) dropped out of treatment, with 45 (67.0%) cases of early dropout. The main age ranges were 25-35 years old (38.5%) and 36-50 years old (29.7%). Regarding other socio-demographic data, 41.7% were single, 72.5% with low education level, 36.3% were working before admission, 65.0% middle class, 54.9% white, 44.0% evangelical/protestant and 41.7% catholic. The main drug of abuse was crack (60.4%), followed by alcohol (33.0%). 41.8% reported time of use between 11 to 20 years, 75.8% were smokers, 30.8% used psychoactive medication at entering in treatment and 67.0% reported alcohol and other drugs dependents in the family of cohabitation. 52.7% had other admissions in Therapeutic Community, 19.8% have been in the same Therapeutic Community of this study and 38.5% had been arrested. Regarding the presence of anxiety and depression at the beginning of treatment, low levels have been found, being the "probable" score on 19.0% for anxiety and 7.0% for ...
Mestre
Worm, Naíma. "Política nacional de enfrentamento às drogas no Brasil: novas estratégias a partir da análise dos pontos de desarticulaçāo do programa Crack, é possível vencer." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/482.
Full textThis research is about the study of coping with public policies on drugs adopted in Brazil, aiming to present the legal strategies that support the political entities to create confronting programs to crack. In the survey the normative base that supports the drug policy was used, especially the federal government Crack program, it's possible to win, of national extensive and adopted in all the capitals of the states and cities with a population over 200,000 inhabitants. In chapter one the models to confronting drugs were presented - prohibitionist, abolitionist and harm reduction models - in order to support the study of the Crack program, it is possible to win and present strategies to be used in any confrontation program to crack. The protection of social rights under the Federal Constitution of 1988 was analyzedas well as the specific protection to health and social care. The second chapter investigated the legal theory about public policies and the conceptual foundations of public drug policies as well as the controversy over the non-voluntary hospitalization and the first user profile mapping and crack addicts in the country conducted by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Chapter three described the structural axes of the Crack program, it's possible to win, analyzing the dismantling of parts of the program that compromise its full realization, as it is the main topic of the thesis. Finally, in chapter four, proposals for re-articulation of the program were built, in order to contribute to further studies and subsidize possible interventions in public policy drug running. The methodology used in the research is deductive, with the application of documentary research techniques and theoretical framework, investigating the theory that supports the construction of public policies and normative basis and document the Crack program, it's possible to win. The conclusions drawn from the proposed issue presented as dislocation point of the program: the need for prior diagnosis for identifying the public to be served and size of the actions; expansion of the program in order to include cities with less than 200,000 inhabitants; need for civil society participation in planning and program implementation; lack of interest of municipal managers in joining the program; difficulty understanding among the three structural axes of the program: care, authority and prevention; precarious UHS networks - Unified Health System and USSA - Unique System of Social Assistance; need for expansion of the sectors that make up the program; monitoring and evaluating the program and insufficient financial investment for their implementation.
Hazim, Harun. "Cocaine usage and sentencing of African American males." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1815.
Full textGonçalves, Priscila Dib. "Xadrez motivacional: uma nova abordagem de estimulação das funções executivas em dependentes de cocaína/crack." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-09022015-122038/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Crack cocaine dependence is associated with neuropsychological impairments, mainly in executive functions, managed predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The game of chess is an activity that recruits executive functions and has been used in the rehabilitation of patients with other psychiatric disorders, but no study to date has evaluated the impact of this game on patients with substance dependency. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and impact of an innovative approach, Motivational Chess, focusing on executive function stimulation, especially in working memory, planning and decision making. METHODS: The study enrolled 72 patients between 18 and 45 years who were admitted in the Impulsive Behavior Ward (ECIM) of IPq-HC-FMUSP diagnosed with crack/cocaine dependence. Patients were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n=42) underwent Motivational Chess (interventions using Motivational Interviewing strategies and chess game) and the control group (n=30) was submitted to recreational activities. Patients were assessed pre and post intervention (approximately one month of abstinence) using neuropsychological tests and self-report scales. RESULTS: We found significant improvement in most of the functions evaluated in both groups (control and intervention), but participation in the intervention group was associated with a more significant improvement in verbal working memory. CONCLUSION: These results are promising to show the feasibility of this approach of cognitive stimulation in this population and mainly to aid significantly improve of working memory
Flanagan, Ryan. "“Wolf Man”." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804865/.
Full textCosta, Talita Nunes. "Uma etnografia do cuidado: a atenção ao usuário de crack na rotina de agentes comunitários/as de saúde." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21989.
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FAPESB
A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é convocada a garantir assistência para as pessoas que consomem drogas (i)legais, na medida que esta prática social adquiriu a dimensão de problema de saúde pública. Similar aos demais serviços de saúde, a ESF espelha modos particulares, socialmente construídos, de compreender e lidar com os fenômenos de saúde e doença. O trabalho se fundamenta no/a agente comunitário/a de saúde, popularmente conhecido/a em Salvador/BA como “ACS”. Trata-se habitualmente de um/a morador/a que se torna cuidador/a da comunidade, o que lhe permite desempenhar o papel de “elo” entre a população e o serviço. A dupla inserção do/a ACS no território o/a destaca entre os/as demais profissionais da unidade de saúde, e é crucial para garantir a adesão e a eficácia das ações em saúde. Sua atuação multifuncional é ancorada na legislação; está submetida a diferentes esferas de gestão; é integrada às demais atividades desenvolvidas nos diferentes espaços da ESF; é orientada e/ou apoiada por profissionais vinculados/as ao posto de saúde e a outros serviços com quem atuam em parceria; é marcada pela relação entre concepções terapêuticas distintas que coexistem no âmbito da ESF; e está estreitamente relacionada à realidade das microáreas e da cidade onde elas se situam. Portanto, a gerência do processo de cuidar e a prática do/a agente de saúde revelam-se multideterminadas, ambivalentes e condicionadas culturalmente. Ao mesmo tempo, são responsáveis por causar sofrimento psíquico neste/a trabalhador/a, ao qual o/a ACS reage por meio de mecanismos de defesa (in)conscientes, individuais e coletivos. O cuidado oferecido por ACS para homens adultos que moram no bairro e consomem crack não foge a esta regra. A resistência masculina em acessar e/ou aderir à assistência prestada na rede básica de saúde acentua o distanciamento existente entre este público e o serviço. O/A profissional afirma desconhecer ou não se sente apto/a para lidar com os desafios que caracterizam a abordagem do usuário de crack. Apesar disto, encontra meios para assegurar o cuidado de si e deste sujeito, o qual é pautado sobretudo na sabedoria prática baseada em sua experiência cotidiana no território. Trata-se, portanto, de um cuidado no/do habitar. Este trabalho reúne algumas considerações sobre o assunto a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre junho de 2015 e setembro de 2016, em uma unidade da ESF soteropolitana e seu território de abrangência. O objetivo é problematizar, do ponto de vista antropológico, as questões sociais e culturais do trabalho do/a ACS; e compreender os limites e possibilidades de sua atuação na ESF frente ao consumidor de crack.
The public health care system, through the Family Health Program (FHP), is summoned to provide assistance to (il)legal drugs users, as soon as this social practice was considered a public health problem. Similar to others health services, the FHP reflects a peculiar and socially built manner to comprehend and deal with the health and the illness related issues. This study focus on the Community Health Agent, commonly known as ACS (Agente Comunitário de Saúde) in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The ACS usually is a person who lives in the neighborhood and becomes a community caregiver, which allows him/her to bridge the gap between the community and the public health service. The double insertion of the ACS in the territory distinguishes him/her from other health professionals at the same service. Besides that, it is a crucial aspect to ensure the access of the community to the health assistance and as well as to guarantee its effectiveness. The ACS practice is a multifunctional one. It is based on the Brazilian legislation; It is under different levels of management; It is part of the others activities developed in the different places of the health service; It is supported and guided by professionals from the same service whom the ACS work with, and professionals from others services of the public health care system. Furthermore, the ACS actions are influenced by a variety of the therapeutic approaches which exist on the context of the Family Health Program; It depends on the life conditions of the population that lives in the particular areas where the ACS acts and Salvador social features in general. Therefore, it is possible to say that the ACS professional oversight and the peculiar work of this professional are both multidetermined, ambivalent, and social and culturally conditioned. At the same time, it affects the ACS mental health and as a result, he/she reacts through psychological defensive strategies, in an attempt to protect himself/herself. The assistance that the ACS provides to adult male crack users that live in the community occurs in the same way. Men resist to access and to adhere to the care provided by the public health service and it increases the distance between this specific public and the Brazilian public health care service unit. The ACS states that he/she doesn’t know how or is incapable to deal with the challenges related to the approach of the crack users. Nevertheless, this professional develops strategies to protect himself/herself and also to ensure the drug users’assistance. Such strategies are based on “practical wisdom”, built on his/her daily field experience. It refers to care “from/within the dwelling”. This study analyses these subjects based on an ethnographic research developed between June 2015 and September 2016 in a FHP unit located in the city of Salvador. It aims to discuss, from an anthropological perspective, the social and cultural issues related to the practice of the ACS and to understand the limits and the possibilities of his/her work when dealing with the crack user. Key-words: Ethnography and Anthropology of Care, Family Health Program, Community Health Agent, Drug users.
Gonçalves, Veralice Maria. "Mapeamento da trajetória de usuários de crack na rede pública de atenção à saúde com o uso da metodologia de record linkage." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143067.
Full textThe consequences of use of psychotropic substances on the world population’s health are a matter of concern – most of the problems faced by users is still related to the lack of access to treatment. Longitudinal studies seek to identify these outcomes, but they are expensive. Alternatively, epidemiological studies based on secondary data have been applied worldwide, using record linkage methods. In Brazil, there has been an increase in the use of medical records. However, literature on its use for the follow-up of psychiatric patients, especially for studies on drug users is scarce. In the public health area, there are several information systems without an identification field that enable the location of a patient in multiple databases – which is one of the practical applications of the record linkage technique. The aim of this study was to produce information based on secondary data for mapping crack users pathway in the public healthcare network based on data linkage method, to follow them up after hospital discharge. For this, analysis of public health information systems was conducted to identify the feasibility of producing information for the follow-up of crack users in the network of health care. With the inability to conduct follow-up with the available data, the probabilistic record linkage methodology was used for tracing out crack users hospitalizations and the continuity of outpatient treatment after their discharge. The available public information from National Information Systems does not allow follow-up of patients of the health system across healthcare services, neither the monitoring of the continuation of treatment within the healthcare network. In a sample of 293 patients in treatment for crack use in two hospitals of Porto Alegre/RS; 217 patients were located in hospital admission data and 180 in the outpatient care database; 55% were identified as exact matches in the first database, whereas the outpatient database provided only 12%. Data from both hospital and outpatient care revealed that, among patients who received hospital treatment, only 10 attended outpatient care during the studied period. To produce information to track patient´s pathway is possible by record linkage method as an alternative to longitudinal studies of hard to reach populations. This study is particularly relevant, because it can also contribute to the evaluation of treatment programs, by means of indicators of rehospitalization, length of stay, survival rate etc. The formulation of public policies requires evidences based on information that, up to now, has not been adequately used, particularly that produced by existing Health Information Systems. Information is crucial for the implementation of administration models able to guarantee the necessary care to individuals with disorders resulting from drug use, especially in cases of crack users.
Echeverria, Lucimar Cardozo. "A CULTURA DA MÍDIA NA PREVENÇÃO AO USO DE DROGAS: A PRODUÇÃO DE SENTIDO DOS ADOLESCENTES ESCOLARES SOBRE A CAMPANHA CRACK NEM PENSAR DA RBS TV." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2011. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/178.
Full textThis work tries to contribute with necessary knowledges to the area of the Social Policies debating drugs policy and, mainly, opening space to argue the drug questions in the media, specially for the analysis of anti-drug advertising conducted by the RBS TV Campaign entitled "Crack nem pensar". The research is based on the critical cultural studies, bringing to the discussion the production of the media, searching to verify with school teenagers, as they mediate the reception of these advertisements, understanding themselves as critical subjects. To emphasize the idea of bringing the drug questions and the media is important, because it is an important vehicle for disseminating informations, which should contribute to the prevention and also to the discussion of these issue to formulate policies aimed to our reality, because the brazilian anti-drug policy is important from other countries. The research seeks to base the study object, aim of this work; the drug quests and policies toward the subject, bringing to the discussion the prevention, the form idealized by the Campaign "Crack nem pensar". In this way, the relevance of this work is in the discussion that interlace from the approach taken by the campaign, allying itself with the discussion of the brazilian anti-drug policy. Policies aimed at young people are mostly compensatory in order to mitigate an existent problem and it isn't going deep into the root of the problem. The most important authors referred in the media analysis, on the studies of production and reception and still in the understanding of it role in the modern world are Jonh Thompson (1995), Douglas Kellner (2001), Néstor Garcia Canclini (1995), Jesús Martin-Barbero (1997), Stuart Hall (2002) among others. These authors are of fundamental importance to understanding the hegemonic role of the media nowadays, but also to do a counter-hegemonic reading as far as possible in order to think the receiver not only as passive subject, but as that subject which interacts with the messages of the media and does its reading according to their own culture and experiences. Key-words: Media; Ideology; Addiction; Social Policy; Reception
Este trabalho procura contribuir com conhecimentos necessários à área das Políticas Sociais, debatendo a política de drogas e, principalmente, abrindo espaço para discutir a questão das drogas na mídia, especialmente pela análise da propaganda antidrogas feita pela RBS TV através da Campanha intitulada Crack nem pensar . A investigação toma por base os estudos culturais críticos, trazendo ao debate a produção da mídia, buscando verificar com adolescentes escolares, como eles mediam a recepção destas propagandas, entendendo-os como sujeitos críticos. Importa ressaltar a idéia de trazer para o debate a questão das drogas e a mídia, por esta ser um veículo importante de difusão de informações, o que deveria contribuir para a prevenção e também à discussão do assunto para se formularem políticas voltadas à nossa realidade, pois a política antidrogas brasileira é importada de outros países. A pesquisa busca fundamentar o objeto de estudo, alvo deste trabalho; a questão das drogas e as políticas voltadas para o assunto, trazendo ao debate a prevenção, a forma idealizada pela campanha Crack nem pensar . Desta forma, a relevância deste trabalho está no debate que se trava a partir do enfoque dado pela campanha, aliando-se a discussão da política antidrogas brasileira. As Políticas voltadas para os jovens são, na maioria, políticas compensatórias visando amenizar um problema já existente, não indo a fundo na raiz do problema. Os autores mais importantes usados para fundamentar este trabalho na análise da mídia, nos estudos de produção e recepção e ainda no entendimento do papel dela no mundo moderno são John Thompson (1995), Douglas Kellner (2001), Néstor Garcia Canclini (1995) Jesús Martin-Barbero (1997), Stuart Hall (2002), entre outros. Mencionados autores são de fundamental importância para se entender hoje o papel hegemônico dos meios de comunicação, mas também para se fazer uma leitura contra-hegemônica na medida do possível a fim de pensar o receptor não apenas como sujeito passivo, mas como aquele sujeito que interage com as mensagens da mídia e faz a sua leitura de acordo com a cultura própria e vivências
Torres, Kenedy Silva. "Concepções de profissionais de serviços públicos e organizações da sociedade civil do bairro Lajeado, São Paulo, sobre a vulnerabilidade programática de jovens do bairro ao crack." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-09102014-160027/.
Full textThe crack has been explored as a current theme in the context of drugs as part of the news and fantasies of terror plaguing families and care services for young users and the effects attributed to the use. This study aimed to describe and analyze the design professional\'s utilities Lajeado, São Paulo neighborhood on the programmatic vulnerability of young people to crack. To this end, we chose the qualitative method using as instruments observation and photographic record of public services and interviews with eight professionals network services of Lajeado. The content analysis was organized into four categories: 1. \"Profile of professionals\" 2.\" Conceptions of Youth\" 3. \"Conceptions of crack and other drugs\", and 4. \"Network services\". The results of the study indicate vulnerabilities of individual, social and programmatic order of youth in accessing and receiving needed the consequences arising from the use and abuse of crack in addition , networks of services (health , education, welfare, public safety and civil society) demonstrate difficulties both in the interaction between services in the same area as between different service areas. From the results obtained, the study makes the following recommendations: a) academic - conducting academic research in social psychology guided that contribute to the formation and performance of professionals in different fields in addressing the specificities presented by youths from the suburbs , especially in cases eminent vulnerability to crack and other drugs , b ) services - plan and execute actions guided by the needs of the youth in the region focusing on approach and healthy coexistence between services , professionals and youth / community c ) social psychologists - the absence of psychologists engaged in social services and communities on the peripheries signals a need and performance space for these professionals is providing advisory, consulting or other relevant contribution to psychology
Maerrawi, Ilham El. "Estudo dos fatores de risco associados às infecções pelo HIV, hepatite B e C e sífilis e suas prevalências em população carcerária de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-18012013-120725/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Infection by HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum are common in the prison system due to an environment favorable to their propagation and represent a serious public health problem. This study aims to understand the epidemiological profile of the inmates in a prison unit and the behaviors associated with the infectious diseases studied. We estimated the prevalence of these infections and their co-infections, investigated potential risk factors, as well as identified the pattern of drug use in prison, especially crack use. METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted from February to December 2007 at the São Vicente Penitentiary . A descriptive analysis using frequency measures, means and standard deviations was conducted. We considered only the setting for serological diagnosis of infections. Odds ratio (OR) with a significance level of 5% (?) was used as a measure of association and a logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted OR for some variables. RESULTS: A total of 546 prisoners were interviewed (84.1%). Of these, 514 (94.1%) underwent serological analysis. Results showed a profile of young men with an average age of 29.8 years. Fifty-two percent (283) reported marital relationship with an average of two children, and 51.5% (280) reported being of mixed ethnicity. The average time of arrest was 10.5 years. The prevalences were identified: HIV 1.8% [95% CI = 0.1 - 3.3], HBV 21.0% [95% CI 17.8 to 25.1], HCV 5.3% [95% CI = 3.5 to 7.6] and 5.3% [95% CI = 3.5 to 7.6] for infection with Treponema pallidum. The risk factors associated with HIV infection were injected-drug use (OR = 15.38), > 30 years (OR = 13.3), cocaine use (OR = 5.36) and use of crack during lifetime (OR = 5.21). According to multivariate analyzes, variables associated with HBV were: injected-drug use (OR = 3.36), reported any STD (OR = 2.28), > 30 years (OR = 1.86) and more than five years in prison (OR = 2.17); the variables associated with HCV were: injected-drug use (OR = 9.65), marijuana use in prison (OR = 2.91) and age> 30 years (OR = 8.41); the variables associated with Treponema pallidum were: homosexual intercourse (OR = 11.92) and have referred syphilis (OR = 10.88). The prevalence of co-infections were 0.8% [95% CI = 0.2 to 2.0] for HIV / HBV, 1.4% [95% CI = 0.5 to 2.8] for HBV / Treponema pallidum, 1.8% [95% CI = 0.8 to 3.3] for HBV / HCV infection and for the triple infection 0.4% [95% CI = 0.5 to 1.4]. Average age of onset of illicit drug use was 15.4 years. The use of crack during lifetime was reported by 25.0% (136) of respondents. In prison, alcohol use was reported by 8.4% (45), tobacco by 62.0% (318), marijuana by 36.5% (194), 9.0% for cocaine (48), and crack by 11.7% (15), with the daily use of crack reported by 2.3% (3). Injected-drug use during lifetime was reported by 5.9% (32), but no use in the last six months was reported. Drug-related violence episodes reported were death threats 14.3% (28), 16.7% (57) assaults and 27.3% (3) suffered sexual assault. To 15.8% (30) of the respondents, crack use was associated with violence episodes. The use of crack-cocaine in association with other drugs was reported by 41.5% (54). CONCLUSION: The prevalence found in the confined population is still larger than those observed in the general population. Drug use and unprotected sexual practices were maintained during the period of confinement. The confinement time proved to be an important factor in the analysis of risk of infection. The identified risk factors appear to be important indicators for developing strategies to control these infections in the prison environment.
Aglipay, Mary M. O. "Positive and Negative Support Roles in the Social Networks of Vulnerable People." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24337.
Full textMilonopoulos, Alexis. "Máquina crack." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2487.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Based on a cartographic writing, Crack Machine shows the games of power and the struggling forces within the cracolandia field, pointing out not only the battles, the gears and specific arrangements placed on networks of strategic places, but also dislocations, sinuosity, transversals, tracks, ruts and thresholds that cross the whole cracolandia issue and question our politics. By showing the profusion of useless actions in that area this dissertation treats this matter reaching beyond the discussions about hygienization process and the real estate speculation, pointing out another dimension of the State and the politics and demonstrating a machine that lives off exclusion, speculation, immolation, safety and potentializing more and more lucrative businesses that go from wars against drugs to humanitarianism. In another movement, it exposes the matter of irrecoverable population management, extrapolating the cracolandia space and the discussion about crack cocaine and the control of the undesirable population through technologies that provide administration and risk management. It also shows how these ungovernable populations have been, also with the formation of a new drug market, the main effect of the austerity politics that have taken the globe, questioning our model of society and our political rationality related to the way power has struggled to manage populations since the appearance of the biopower. Taking a step forward from a strictly biopolitical analysis, rewriting the to make die and to let die in the mark of power technologies, pointing out how death became a normal governmental mechanism, inserted in a military-political project of war on drugs and being a privileged strategy that allows the creation of a tension between to make live, to make die and to let die
A partir de uma escritura cartográfica, Máquina Crack mostra jogos de poder e forças em luta no campo da cracolândia, evidenciando não só batalhas, engrenagens e arranjos específicos situados em redes de lugares estratégicos, mas também deslocamentos, sinuosidades, transversais, rastros, sulcos e limiares que atravessam todo a questão da cracolândia e que colocam a nossa política em questão. Ao mostrar a profusão de ações inócuas na área, trata esta questão indo além das discussões acerca de processos de higienização e do fenômeno da especulação imobiliária, evidenciando uma outra dimensão do Estado e da política e demonstrando toda uma máquina que vive da exclusão, da especulação, da imolação e da segurança e que cada vez mais potencializa lucrativos negócios que vão da guerra às drogas ao humanitarismo. Em um outro movimento, expõe a problemática da gestão de populações irrecuperáveis, extrapolando o espaço da cracolândia e a discussão em torno do crack e problematizando a questão da gestão estratégica de populações, mais precisamente da contenção e do controle de populações indesejáveis por meio de tecnologias que propiciam a administração e a gestão de riscos. Mostra também como estas populações ingovernáveis têm sido, juntamente com a formação de um novo mercado de drogas, o principal efeito das políticas de austeridade que tem tomado o globo, colocando em xeque nosso modelo de sociedade e nossa racionalidade política, relacionada ao modo com que o poder esforçou-se para gerir populações desde o aparecimento do biopoder. Dando um passo para além de uma análise estritamente biopolítica, reinscreve o fazer morrer e o deixar morrer no marco das tecnologias de poder, evidenciando como a morte tornou-se um mecanismo normal de governo, inserido-se em um projeto político-militar de guerra às drogas e sendo uma estratégia privilegiada que permite a criação de uma tensão singular entre fazer viver, fazer morrer e deixar morrer
Bain, Katherine Alison. "Chased by the dragon the experience of relapse in cocaine and heroin users /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192004-100341.
Full textAlencar, Rodrigo. "Porque a guerra às drogas? do crack na política ao crack do sujeito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16964.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Drugs, albeit under other symbolic coordinates, have always been in the most varied places, societies and human groups. However, since the turn of the 19th century, drug use and trade has been object of international treaties. These agreements urge the signatory countries to take measures to control and combat drugs, through the mobilization of the military in their drug policies. As a result of this strategy, the fields of health and public safety intertwine, causing some blurring between who should be treated and who should be fought. Therefore, this work is dedicated to the task of identifying the unconscious operations at stake in the game of prohibition. We establish as object delimitation the highlight given to crack in the drug policies, since it is the most recent episode about the topic in Brazil. Based on this understanding of the theme, we draw on both the contribution of the psychoanalytical theory and its interpretations of group interaction, as well as the political resources that act to camouflage the subject s division. Thus our analysis concludes that the policies to combat crack deny the discontent in the cultural life, insofar as they present this substance as a threat to the social bond
As drogas, ainda que sob outras coordenadas simbólicas, ocuparam diversos lugares nas mais variadas sociedades e agrupamentos humanos. No entanto, desde a passagem do século XIX para o século XX, seu uso e circulação tem sido objeto de acordos internacionais. Tais acordos estabelecem aos países participantes medidas de combate e controle, aplicadas por meio da mobilização de aparatos militares em suas políticas sobre drogas. Esta mobilização opera por estratégias que entrelaçam os campos da saúde e da segurança pública, provocando certo obscurecimento entre quem deve ser tratado e quem deve ser combatido. Portanto, neste trabalho, nos lançamos à tarefa de identificar as operações inconscientes em jogo no discurso da proibição. Estabelecemos enquanto recorte de objeto o destaque dado ao crack nas políticas de atenção às drogas por o considerarmos o episódio mais recente sobre o tema no Brasil. Pautados nesta compreensão do problema, recorremos aos aportes da teoria psicanalítica e às suas interpretações sobre o funcionamento grupal, bem como aos recursos políticos que operam no escamoteamento da divisão do sujeito. Deste modo, analisamos que as políticas de combate ao crack negam o mal-estar inerente à vida cultural, recorrendo à apresentação desta substância como uma ameaça para o laço social
Ferreira, Tereza Maria da Silva. "Crack: prÃticas educativas e culturais na trajetÃria de um dependente." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11459.
Full textEsta pesquisa objetiva investigar as prÃticas educativas e culturais dos usuÃrios de crack, por meio da biografia de um dependente dessa droga, enfocando os contextos e trajetÃrias que envolveram esse uso, relacionando fatos e determinantes socioculturais que colaboram na memÃria e histÃria de vida do sujeito biografado. Tem como aporte teÃrico abordagens teÃricas e diversos campos do conhecimento, como SaÃde, Sociologia e EducaÃÃo. Pelo fato de o sujeito biografado ser um morador de rua, o estudo foi realizado em vÃrios lugares, desde bares, churrascarias, residÃncia da famÃlia e atà mesmo nas proximidades das chamadas âbocas de fumoâ. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a abordagem metodolÃgica à a histÃria de vida e a coleta dos dados à procedida com base na histÃria oral biogrÃfica, realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas e diÃrio de campo. Desta forma, a anÃlise dos dados està pautada nos conceitos e categorias centrais relacionados aos discursos do dependente de crack biografado. Na anÃlise da trajetÃria do uso de drogas nas falas de Bim Guerra, foi importante conhecermos aspectos que nos ajudaram a entender o porquà de as pessoas continuarem usando drogas, a despeito de toda sua negatividade e dos esforÃos empenhados em combater esse uso. Devem-se levar em consideraÃÃo os âdiferentes sujeitosâ e a subjetividade que os envolve quando fazem uso dessas substÃncias, assim como os diversos contextos culturais, educativo, fase de vulnerabilidade que cerca os adolescentes e permeiam essa realidade com base nos tÃpicos de estudo. Concluindo a anÃlise, foi percebido que embora nÃo afirmemos que o uso do crack seja uma prÃtica decorrente de outros tipos de drogas, nÃo podemos negar que a oportunidade de experiÃncia com outro tipo droga permita favorecer esta prÃtica. à essencial considerar nas falas de Bim Guerra a importÃncia do papel da famÃlia nas relaÃÃes de desenvolvimento comportamental/educacional no que diz respeito envolvimento com o uso de drogas.
Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar as prÃticas educativas e culturais dos usuÃrios de crack, por meio da biografia de um dependente dessa droga, enfocando os contextos e trajetÃrias que envolveram esse uso, relacionando fatos e determinantes socioculturais que colaboram na memÃria e histÃria de vida do sujeito biografado. Tem como aporte teÃrico abordagens teÃricas e diversos campos do conhecimento, como SaÃde, Sociologia e EducaÃÃo. Pelo fato de o sujeito biografado ser um morador de rua, o estudo foi realizado em vÃrios lugares, desde bares, churrascarias, residÃncia da famÃlia e atà mesmo nas proximidades das chamadas âbocas de fumoâ. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a abordagem metodolÃgica à a histÃria de vida e a coleta dos dados à procedida com base na histÃria oral biogrÃfica, realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas e diÃrio de campo. Desta forma, a anÃlise dos dados està pautada nos conceitos e categorias centrais relacionados aos discursos do dependente de crack biografado. Na anÃlise da trajetÃria do uso de drogas nas falas de Bim Guerra, foi importante conhecermos aspectos que nos ajudaram a entender o porquà de as pessoas continuarem usando drogas, a despeito de toda sua negatividade e dos esforÃos empenhados em combater esse uso. Devem-se levar em consideraÃÃo os âdiferentes sujeitosâ e a subjetividade que os envolve quando fazem uso dessas substÃncias, assim como os diversos contextos culturais, educativo, fase de vulnerabilidade que cerca os adolescentes e permeiam essa realidade com base nos tÃpicos de estudo. Concluindo a anÃlise, foi percebido que embora nÃo afirmemos que o uso do crack seja uma prÃtica decorrente de outros tipos de drogas, nÃo podemos negar que a oportunidade de experiÃncia com outro tipo droga permita favorecer esta prÃtica. à essencial considerar nas falas de Bim Guerra a importÃncia do papel da famÃlia nas relaÃÃes de desenvolvimento comportamental/educacional no que diz respeito envolvimento com o uso de drogas.
This research aims investigating the educational and cultural practices from crack users, by the biography of a addict, focusing the contexts and paths that evolved this use, relating sociocultural facts and determinants which collaborate in the memory and life history of the biography subject. It has as theoretical contribution approaches from several authors and several fields of knowledge, as Healthy, Sociology and Education. By the fact the biography subject is a homeless, the study was accomplished in many places, from bars, steakhouses, the family residence, and even near the called âbocas de fumoâ. By treating this as a qualitative research, the methodological approach is the life history and the data collection is proceeded on the basis of the biographical oral history, accomplished by the open interview and field journal. In this way, the data analysis is guided in concepts and central categories related to the biography crack addictâs speech. In the pathâs analysis of drug using in the speech of Bin Guerra, it was important for us to know some aspects that helped to understand the reason why people still use drugs, despite all its negativity and the committed efforts to fight against this using. It must be considered the âdifferent subjectsâ and the subjectivity involved when they make use of these substances, as the diverse cultural, educative contexts, vulnerability phase that surrounds teenagers and permeates that reality based on the study topics. Concluding the analysis, it was noticed that even we cannot affirm that the crack use can become a practice resulted of other kinds of drugs, we cannot deny the experience opportunity with other kind of drug allows to favor this practice. It is essential to consider, in the speech of Bim Guerra, the importance of family role in the relation of behavior/educational development, concerning the involvement with the use of drugs.
This research aims investigating the educational and cultural practices from crack users, by the biography of a addict, focusing the contexts and paths that evolved this use, relating sociocultural facts and determinants which collaborate in the memory and life history of the biography subject. It has as theoretical contribution approaches from several authors and several fields of knowledge, as Healthy, Sociology and Education. By the fact the biography subject is a homeless, the study was accomplished in many places, from bars, steakhouses, the family residence, and even near the called âbocas de fumoâ. By treating this as a qualitative research, the methodological approach is the life history and the data collection is proceeded on the basis of the biographical oral history, accomplished by the open interview and field journal. In this way, the data analysis is guided in concepts and central categories related to the biography crack addictâs speech. In the pathâs analysis of drug using in the speech of Bin Guerra, it was important for us to know some aspects that helped to understand the reason why people still use drugs, despite all its negativity and the committed efforts to fight against this using. It must be considered the âdifferent subjectsâ and the subjectivity involved when they make use of these substances, as the diverse cultural, educative contexts, vulnerability phase that surrounds teenagers and permeates that reality based on the study topics. Concluding the analysis, it was noticed that even we cannot affirm that the crack use can become a practice resulted of other kinds of drugs, we cannot deny the experience opportunity with other kind of drug allows to favor this practice. It is essential to consider, in the speech of Bim Guerra, the importance of family role in the relation of behavior/educational development, concerning the involvement with the use of drugs.
Wolff, Kristina Beth Zerai Assata. "Cracks in the system: how discourse, dominance and whiteness shape maternal drug health policy." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Full textValério, Raquel Coelho. "As representações do crack de estudantes do ensino fundamental no município de Rio Grande-RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1615.
Full textThis scientific research aimed to investigate the representations of the crack of children and young elementary school students in Rio Grande, RS. The activities of field research was conducted in two stages, namely: I) The application of a questionnaire to a class of fifth grade at a public school, b) assembling a group of Workshops Theatre, composed of students different public schools, using audiovisual record of theatrical sketches created. Questionnaires and theatrical sketches, were analyzed in the Theory of Representations and the contributions of Henri Lefebvre. As the survey results and discussions on the representations found in relation to crack, it was possible objectivations, which indicate that the subjective process media are acting in instituting the hegemonic paradigm of the war on drugs, which anchors images in and around the crack, linking them with images of violence and social stereotypes. In that sense, this research found that users are represented by children and young people as drug addicts, while customers of drug pushers. However, without being criminalized, but represented either as individuals subject to social and medical intervention, sometimes liable to social degeneration and violence. And, as the main finding, the survey shows that the image of the money was perceived as being anchored near the core generator of representations, promoting ethical and moral conflicts in relation to the crack in everyday life, with the imagery and attitudes represented by the students
presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as representações sobre o crack de crianças e jovens estudantes do Ensino Fundamental no município de Rio Grande, RS. As atividades de pesquisa de campo se realizaram em duas etapas distintas, sendo: I) A aplicação de um questionário junto a uma turma da 5ª série de escola pública; b) A montagem de um grupo de Oficinas de Teatro, composto por estudantes de diferentes escolas públicas, utilizando registro audiovisual de esquetes teatrais criadas. Os questionários e as esquetes teatrais foram analisados a luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais e das contribuições da de Henri Lefèbvre. Como resultados e discussões da pesquisa, nas representações encontradas em relação ao crack, foi possível perceber objetivações, as quais, indicam que os processo de subjetivação midiáticas estão, atuando de forma hegemônica instituindo o paradigma da guerra contra as drogas, o qual, ancora imagens do e em torno do crack, relacionando-as com imagens de violência e de estereótipos sociais. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa descobriu que os usuários são representados pelas crianças e jovens como drogados, ao mesmo tempo, clientes dos vendedores de drogas. Contudo, sem serem criminalizados, mas, representados, ora como sujeitos passíveis de intervenção social e clínica, ora, passíveis de degeneração social e de violência. Como principal achado, destaca-se que a imagem do dinheiro foi percebida, como estando ancorada junto ao núcleo gerador das representações, promovendo conflitos éticos e morais, em relação ao crack no cotidiano, junto ao imaginário e as atitudes representadas pelos estudantes
Fertig, Adriana. "Histórias de vida de mulheres usuárias de crack." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/85189.
Full textThe multiplicity of interwoven factors on the issue from the consumption of psychoactive substances and of psychic suffering, taking into consideration the context where women are users of crack, awakened me to this problem in order to meet the life stories and relate the phenomenon of crack with the issue of gender and other social and cultural facets. The objective of this study was to know the trajectories of women who make abusive use of crack, from their life stories. This is a qualitative study performed through the Life History Method. The survey was developed in a psychiatric unit in a mother-child hospital of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The choice of subjects was intentional and the number of participants in the survey was defined when there was convergence of information, totaling six life stories. The data collection was accomplished through open interviews with the guiding question: "Tell me about your life that is related to the use of crack". The analysis of the reports pointed to the following categories: Women and the meaning of being addicted to crack; The changes in women's lives, Consequences and losses caused by the abuse of crack and Expectations of women users of crack and the future, treatment and family support. The results found in this research showed that early-onset occurs in drug use and crack, which most respondents suffered sexual abuse, physical and emotional on the part of any family; who all interviewed were in a situation of pregnancy, having already had other children with different fathers; who interviewed two been in prison regime, that the majority reported having committed thefts to obtain the drug and that all already committed prostitution to get the crack. The abandonment by the family and feelings of guilt were also reported by the interviewed. The expectation in relation to the treatment and to the future, addressed in this study made it possible to describe the hope that users have and the desire, the wish reiterated at various times, on all the evidence, to live without the crack. In telling these stories, we want to give voice to those who really need this space to host and promote support for the work of the mental health nursing, seeking help in the processes of interaction between users and workers in the mental health area.
La multiplicidad de factores entretejidos en el tema del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y de sufrimiento psíquico, tomando en consideración el contexto donde las mujeres son las usuarias de crack, me despertó a este problema con el fin de conocer las historias de vida y se refieren al fenómeno de crack con la cuestión de género y otros aspectos sociales y culturales. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las trayectorias de las mujeres que hacen uso abusivo de crack, a partir de sus historias de vida. Este es un estudio cualitativo realizado a través del método de historia de vida. La encuesta fue desarrollada en una unidad psiquiátrica en el hospital materno-infantil de la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Brasil. La elección de temas fue intencional y el número de participantes en la encuesta se definió cuando hubo convergencia de las informaciones, por un total de seis historias de vida. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas abiertas con la pregunta guía: " Háblame a respecto de su vida que tenga relación con el uso del crack". El análisis de los informes señalaron a las siguientes categorías: Las mujeres y el significado de ser adicto al crack; Los cambios en las vidas de las mujeres, consecuencias y pérdidas causadas por el uso indebido de crack y; Expectativas de las mujeres usuarias de crack y el futuro, tratamiento y apoyo de la familia. Los resultados encontrados en esta investigación mostraron que ocurre un inicio temprano en el uso de drogas y crack, que la mayoría de las encuestadas sufrieron abuso sexual, físico y emocional por parte de algún familiar, que todas las entrevistadas estaban en una situación de embarazo, ya habían otros niños con padres diferentes, que dúas entrevistadas ya estuvieron en régimen de cárcel, que la mayoría reportó haber cometido robos para obtener la droga y que todos ya cometieron prostitución para conseguir el crack. El abandono de la familia y sentimientos de culpa también fueron divulgadas por las entrevistadas. La expectativa en relación con el tratamiento y al futuro, abordada en este estudio hizo posible describir la esperanza de que las usuarias tienen y la ambición, el deseo reiterado en varias ocasiones, en todas las declaraciones, de vivir sin el crack. Al describir estas historias, pretendemos dar voz a aquellas que realmente necesita de este espacio de acogimiento y promover el apoyo para el trabajo de enfermería en salud mental, buscando ayudar en los procesos de interacción entre usuarios y trabajadores en el área de salud mental.
FERREIRA, Tereza Maria da Silva. "Crack: práticas educativas e culturais na trajetória de um dependente." www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7959.
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This research aims investigating the educational and cultural practices from crack users, by the biography of a addict, focusing the contexts and paths that evolved this use, relating sociocultural facts and determinants which collaborate in the memory and life history of the biography subject. It has as theoretical contribution approaches from several authors and several fields of knowledge, as Healthy, Sociology and Education. By the fact the biography subject is a homeless, the study was accomplished in many places, from bars, steakhouses, the family residence, and even near the called “bocas de fumo”. By treating this as a qualitative research, the methodological approach is the life history and the data collection is proceeded on the basis of the biographical oral history, accomplished by the open interview and field journal. In this way, the data analysis is guided in concepts and central categories related to the biography crack addict’s speech. In the path’s analysis of drug using in the speech of Bin Guerra, it was important for us to know some aspects that helped to understand the reason why people still use drugs, despite all its negativity and the committed efforts to fight against this using. It must be considered the “different subjects” and the subjectivity involved when they make use of these substances, as the diverse cultural, educative contexts, vulnerability phase that surrounds teenagers and permeates that reality based on the study topics. Concluding the analysis, it was noticed that even we cannot affirm that the crack use can become a practice resulted of other kinds of drugs, we cannot deny the experience opportunity with other kind of drug allows to favor this practice. It is essential to consider, in the speech of Bim Guerra, the importance of family role in the relation of behavior/educational development, concerning the involvement with the use of drugs.
Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar as práticas educativas e culturais dos usuários de crack, por meio da biografia de um dependente dessa droga, enfocando os contextos e trajetórias que envolveram esse uso, relacionando fatos e determinantes socioculturais que colaboram na memória e história de vida do sujeito biografado. Tem como aporte teórico abordagens teóricas e diversos campos do conhecimento, como Saúde, Sociologia e Educação. Pelo fato de o sujeito biografado ser um morador de rua, o estudo foi realizado em vários lugares, desde bares, churrascarias, residência da família e até mesmo nas proximidades das chamadas “bocas de fumo”. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a abordagem metodológica é a história de vida e a coleta dos dados é procedida com base na história oral biográfica, realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas e diário de campo. Desta forma, a análise dos dados está pautada nos conceitos e categorias centrais relacionados aos discursos do dependente de crack biografado. Na análise da trajetória do uso de drogas nas falas de Bim Guerra, foi importante conhecermos aspectos que nos ajudaram a entender o porquê de as pessoas continuarem usando drogas, a despeito de toda sua negatividade e dos esforços empenhados em combater esse uso. Devem-se levar em consideração os “diferentes sujeitos” e a subjetividade que os envolve quando fazem uso dessas substâncias, assim como os diversos contextos culturais, educativo, fase de vulnerabilidade que cerca os adolescentes e permeiam essa realidade com base nos tópicos de estudo. Concluindo a análise, foi percebido que embora não afirmemos que o uso do crack seja uma prática decorrente de outros tipos de drogas, não podemos negar que a oportunidade de experiência com outro tipo droga permita favorecer esta prática. É essencial considerar nas falas de Bim Guerra a importância do papel da família nas relações de desenvolvimento comportamental/educacional no que diz respeito envolvimento com o uso de drogas.
Pinto, Agnes Caroline Souza. "CÃrculo de cultura com jovens usuÃrios de cocaÃna/crack visando à prevenÃÃo do hiv/aids." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9240.
Full textDesde que a SÃndrome da ImunodeficiÃncia Adquirida (AIDS) comeÃou a ser reconhecida como problema de saÃde pÃblica, tem havido preocupaÃÃo crescente com o papel desempenhado pelos usuÃrios de drogas na disseminaÃÃo global do VÃrus da ImunodeficiÃncia Adquirida (HIV), sendo esta, atualmente, a segunda causa de morte entre eles. O estudo apresenta como objetivo geral promover, por meio dos CÃrculos de Cultura, espaÃo crÃtico-reflexivo acerca da prevenÃÃo do HIV/aids junto aos jovens usuÃrios de cocaÃna/crack. Trata-se de pesquisa-aÃÃo, realizada de janeiro a setembro de 2012. Os sujeitos do estudo foram dez jovens usuÃrios de cocaÃna/crack, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, acompanhados para tratamento de dependÃncia na comunidade terapÃutica Desafio Jovem do CearÃ. Os instrumentos e as tÃcnicas utilizados para coleta das informaÃÃes foram: entrevista semiestruturada, observaÃÃo-participante, registro fotogrÃfico, gravaÃÃo dos discursos e registro em diÃrio de campo. Como mÃtodo e tÃcnica para articular a dimensÃo coletiva e interativa da investigaÃÃo proposta pela pesquisa-aÃÃo, utilizou-se o CÃrculo de Cultura. Deste modo, foram realizados seis CÃrculos de Cultura construÃdos de acordo com as seguintes etapas: o conhecer do universo individual e coletivo, seleÃÃo dos temas, dinÃmicas de sensibilizaÃÃo e problematizaÃÃo, reflexÃo teÃrico-prÃtica, construÃÃo coletiva do conhecimento e avaliaÃÃo de cada cÃrculo. Neste sentido, os jovens discutiram e refletiram sobre: o viver dos jovens com as drogas, a vulnerabilidade do usuÃrio de drogas ao HIV/aids, a relaÃÃo da Aids com as drogas, a prevenÃÃo e a transmissÃo do HIV/aids e o que aprendemos sobre Aids? Os resultados dessas discussÃes foram os seguintes: no inÃcio dos cÃrculos, os jovens demonstraram conhecimento sobre a aids bastante incipiente e desarticulado, com predominÃncia de mitos; relataram nunca terem feito uso de drogas injetÃveis, porÃm se consideravam vulnerÃveis Ãs DST/aids visto que o compartilhamento de canudos e cachimbos para o uso da cocaÃna/crack e a perda da consciÃncia favoreciam ao nÃo uso do preservativo durante as relaÃÃes sexuais e à multiplicidade de parceiros; os amigos desses jovens foram os principais fatores de risco para que viessem a experimentar as drogas; as festas, as âravesâ eram lugares propÃcios para o inÃcio do uso de drogas, porÃm casas abandonadas, escolas, e casas dos amigos, tambÃm foram incluÃdas como opÃÃes para o consumo de drogas, e que a religiÃo era muito importante para que os jovens decidissem nÃo usar mais as drogas e iniciassem o tratamento para dependÃncia. O processo educativo despertou nos nossos jovens o interesse e a necessidade de conversar com seus pares acerca da problemÃtica que envolvia as DST/aids e as drogas, e alÃm disso ensinou vÃrias maneiras de trabalhar a questÃo das drogas nas escolas com crianÃas e adolescentes que ainda nÃo sÃo usuÃrios, ratificando que o cÃrculo possibilita a reflexÃo e a transformaÃÃo do sujeito e do meio no qual ele està inserido. Diante do exposto, o enfermeiro pode trabalhar com metodologias dialÃgicas e participativas, como a de Paulo Freire, para favorecer a reflexÃo crÃtica do educador e educando em prol da prevenÃÃo de DST/aids em usuÃrios de cocaÃna/crack.
Ferreira, Eliane Cardoso. "BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO E AUTOEFICÁCIA EM DEPENDENTES DE COCAÍNA/CRACK." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2013. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1349.
Full textThis study aimed to identify and describe associations between subjective well-being, construct formed by general satisfaction with life and positive and negative affects, and self-efficacy for drug abstinence in cocaine/crack in the process of withdrawal. Used to assess the variables, the Scales of Positive and Negative Affects, General Satisfaction with Life, Self-efficacy for Withdrawal of Drug Evaluation for Change, University of Rhode Island and a questionnaire on socio-demographic and socio-cultural. 70 men participated, cocaine/crack, young and low education. They were people of incomes of up to three minimum wages (63%) who were hospitalized more than once (65%), self-reported abstinence at the time of data collection. Participants had average levels of self-efficacy for abstinence from drugs, low levels of subjective well-being, and were satisfied with their lives. Calculations of Pearson correlation revealed no association between subjective well-being and self-efficacy for abstinence from drugs, including readiness to change drug use and subjective well-being, nor between readiness to change drug use and self-efficacy for abstinence drugs. Results of analysis of variance revealed no differences in the levels of subjective well-being among different groups of readiness for change nor between the mean self-efficacy for abstinence from drugs among different groupings of readiness for change in drug use. The discussion touched on the results of the fact that the admission of participants was voluntary or involuntary, length of stay, their stage of readiness to change their behavior of drug and the characteristics of their group withdrawal on the literature of the area. Finally, he pointed out, in conclusion, limitations and future research agenda.
Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e descrever associações entre bem-estar subjetivo, construto formado por satisfação geral com a vida e afetos positivos e negativos,e autoeficáciapara abstinência de drogas em dependentes de cocaína/crack em processo de abstinência. Utilizou, para avaliar as variáveis, as Escalas de Afetos Positivos e Negativos, de Satisfação Geral com a Vida, de Autoeficácia para Abstinência de Drogas, de Avaliação para Mudança da Universidade de Rhode Island e um questionário de dados sócio-demográficos e socioculturais. Participaram 70 homens, dependentes de cocaína/crack, jovens e de baixa escolaridade.Eram pessoas de rendimentos de até três salários mínimos (63%), que foram internadas mais de uma vez (65%), autodeclaradas abstinentes no momento da coleta dos dados. Os participantes possuíam níveis médiosde autoeficácia para abstinência de drogas, níveis baixos de bem-estar subjetivo, e estavam satisfeitos com suas vidas. Cálculos de correlação de Pearson revelaram que não há associação entre bem-estar subjetivoe autoeficácia para abstinência de drogas, entre prontidão para mudança no consumo de drogas e bem-estar subjetivo, nem entre prontidão para mudança no consumo de drogas eautoeficácia para abstinência de drogas. Resultados de análise de variância revelaram que não houve diferençasnos níveis de bem-estar subjetivo entreos diferentes os agrupamentos de prontidão para mudanças nem entre as médias de autoeficácia para abstinência de drogas entre os diferentes agrupamentos de prontidão para mudanças no consumo de drogas. A discussão abordou os resultados diante do fato de a internação dos participantes ter sido involuntária ou voluntária, do tempo de internação, do seu estágio de prontidão para mudar seu comportamento de consumo de drogas e das características de seu grupo de abstinência diante da literatura da área. Finalmente, apontou, em conclusão, limitações e agenda de pesquisa futura.
Xavier, Rosane Terezinha. "Desafios na atenção integral de usuários de crack e outras drogas nos CAPS AD." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4775.
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O crescimento do consumo do crack e outras drogas no Brasil e os problemas relacionados ao seu uso é visto atualmente como um grande desafio para a Saúde Pública. Os Centros de Atenção Psicossociais Álcool e Drogas Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) são um dos serviços de atenção psicossocial da rede de atenção, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, especializados no atendimento de usuários de drogas. Para tratar dos desafios na atenção integral de usuários de crack e outras drogas esta dissertação de mestrado, foi dividida em dois artigos. O primeiro artigo, de cunho teórico, através da revisão de literatura e legislação brasileira, discorreu sobre a construção das Políticas Públicas sobre Drogas, implementada pela Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas (SENAD) e da Política de Atenção Integral ao Usuário de Álcool e outras Drogas do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Neste, também foi feito um recorte da pesquisa desenvolvida no segundo artigo onde são apresentados os resultados com relação ao Plano Integrado de Enfrentamento ao Crack e outras Drogas e o programa de Redução de Danos. O segundo artigo empírico teve como objetivo caracterizar as intervenções terapêuticas no tratamento de pacientes usuários de crack e outras drogas, levando em consideração as ações, as dificuldades, as abordagens terapêuticas e os desafios e sugestões para o enfrentamento das drogas, segundo psicólogos que desenvolvem suas atividades neste contexto. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de caráter descritivo, com a participação de oito psicólogos, inseridos nos CAPS AD, nos municípios da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Respeitando todos os procedimentos éticos para a realização da pesquisa com seres humanos, para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, com roteiro previamente estabelecido. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que não há ações específicas para o tratamento do crack nos CAPS AD estudados, os quais buscam a reinserção social dos pacientes, apesar de encontrarem várias dificuldades no tratamento da dependência, nos processos e condições de trabalho e na retaguarda de rede no âmbito do SUS. Os desafios e sugestões apresentados relacionam-se, sobretudo, a melhorias na gestão e ao trabalho de rede. Concluiu-se que os usuários de crack possuem peculiaridades em seu quadro, exigindo o desenvolvimento de um trabalho intersetorial, inclusive para alcançar os usuários em vulnerabilidade social que não chegam aos serviços de saúde, o número insuficiente de CAPS AD para atender a demanda, entre outros. Sugerem-se pesquisas com outros profissionais de saúde das equipes dos CAPS AD, inclusive dos CAPS que atendem usuários de drogas em municípios menores, a eficácia da rede de atenção e a aplicabilidade prática das ações imediatas e estruturantes do Plano de Enfrentamento ao crack e outras drogas.
Consumption growth of crack and other drugs in Brazil and problems related to its use is currently seen as a major challenge for public health. Psychosocial Attention Centers Alcohol and Drugs Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS AD) is one of the psychosocial care services network care under the National Health System, specializing in the care of drug users. To address the challenges in the undivided attention of users of crack and other drugs this dissertation was divided into two articles. The first article, the theoretical / empirical, through literature review and the Brazilian legislation, talked about the construction of Public Policies on Drugs, implemented by the National Drug Policy (SENAD) and Policy of Integral Attention to the User of Alcohol and Other Drugs of the Ministry of Health (MOH). This also was made part of a research developed in the second article where the results are presented in relation to the Comprehensive Plan to Combat Crack and Other Drugs and Harm Reduction program. The second empirical paper aimed to characterize the therapeutic interventions in the treatment of patients using crack and other drugs, taking into account the stock, the difficulties, therapeutic approaches and the challenges and suggestions for dealing drugs, according to psychologists who develop their activities in this context. This is a qualitative study of a descriptive nature, with the participation of eight psychologists, entered in CAPS AD, in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS. Respecting all ethical procedures for conducting the research with humans, for data collection, we used semi-structured interviews with previously established routine. The data were subjected to the technique of content analysis according to Bardin. Among the results, it is emphasized that no specific actions for the treatment of AD crack in the CAPS study, which seek to rehabilitate patients, despite various difficulties in finding addiction treatment, processes and working conditions and the rear network within the SUS. Challenges and suggestions made relate mainly to improvements in management and the work network. It was concluded that crack users have peculiarities in their framework, requiring the development of an intersectoral work, even to reach users on social vulnerability that does not come to health services, the insufficient number of CAPS AD to meet the demand, among other. We suggest research with other health teams AD CAPS, including CAPS that serve drug users in smaller municipalities, the effectiveness of the care network and the practical applicability of the immediate actions and structuring of the Plan to Combat crack and other drugs.
Costa, Roberta Marcondes. "Mil Fitas na Cracolândia: Amanhã é Domingo e a Craco Resiste." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/31/31131/tde-18012018-125836/.
Full textThe region known as Cracolândia, the drug use and the ethics of harm reduction are central themes in this dissertation. A Craco Resiste, a social movement of people who intervene in Cracolândia, is the object of this research. Ethnography is the primary methodology and comes from experiences of more than five years of fieldwork, activism and research in Cracolândia, supported by reports and group knowledge from drug users, ex-crack/cocaine users, workers and activists. The text goes through reflections about what drugs are and focuses on the experiences of people who use them. A trajectory of cocaine and crack/cocaine is built considering the experiences of drug users as important as academic productions; Cracolândia is also situated in this perspective. Resistances organized by social movements and activists in this territory are presented as precursors of the conceptions and practices of A Craco Resiste, which, in turn, is contextualized in the Fluxo [place of drug consumption inside the region]. This master\'s dissertation also exposes the complexities of Cracolândia, the uses of drugs and the care for these users.
Gomes, Bruno Ramos. "O sentido do uso ritual da ayahuasca em trabalho voltado ao tratamento e recuperação da população em situação de rua em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-09092011-160114/.
Full textThis research has the objective of understanding the ritual use of ayahuasca (known as Daime by the participants of this group) for the treatment of homeless drug users by the Unidade de Resgate Flor das Águas Padrinho Sebastião, in São Paulo, Brazil. Ayahuasca is a tea made from the mixture of two Amazonian plants, most commonly the jagube and chacrona. It is used in rituals by indigenous and mestizo long and leads to a change in the experience of self and the world in its intake. Since the 1980s its use has spread to other parts of Brazil and the world and the rituals started to have different formats. After a long process, the ritual-religious use of this infusion was regulated in Brazil in 2006. However, its therapeutic use needs scientific evidence to be allowed. Understanding these therapeutic uses are important to public health, understood here as a field of interdisciplinary knowledge that aims on the improve and maintain health and quality of life for people, by understanding the living conditions of society and interventions in the collective life of human beings, thought the perspective of risk reduction and mitigation of damages. The research was done in a phenomenological perspective, through interviews with the developers of the treatment and two participants who have passed through the treatment, as well as participant-observation, in which the researcher was present at the rituals and at the realization of the other therapies. The ritual use of ayahuasca in this group is given in conjunction with other therapies based on Peruvian mestizo tradition, but differing from it in some spots. From what has been observed and reported, it was noted some elements that are crucial for understanding the meaning of therapeutic use: symbolic experience as a principal aspect; the understanding of the experience as a relationship with a sacred otherness that teaches (the tea itself); therapeutic practices are developed focused individually and in his context, the importance of the relationship with the leader, whos admired as a caregiver with knowledge, the notion of therapeutic self-cleaning, building perspective of life and an individual moral ideal to be reached. From this that was observed, at the end are a few comments about the scientific possibilities of assessing the possible risks associated with this use and effectiveness of therapeutic use
Machado, Laura Paes. "Do crack a Jesus: um estudo sobre carreiras de usuários de substâncias psicoativas em uma comunidade terapêutica religiosa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12160.
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Pode-se observar que nas últimas décadas simultaneamente às tentativas de consolidação da rede pública de atenção a usuários de substâncias psicoativas (SPAs), ocorreu a proliferação de comunidades terapêuticas como iniciativa voluntária de grupos religiosos. Situadas em um cenário no qual se evidencia a fragilidade dos serviços públicos de saúde, a rápida difusão das comunidades terapêuticas recebe, no Brasil, uma conotação política. As causas desse fenômeno é preocupação de fundo sobre a qual se estrutura esse estudo. No sentido de elucidá-las causas, deve-se, também, considerar o crescente mercado religioso e a luta por legitimação de instituições religiosas, bem como a visibilidade da questão das “drogas” na contemporaneidade. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a institucionalização de usuários de crack, a partir da análise de suas carreiras em uma comunidade terapêutica religiosa, localizada na Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Procura, também, verificar a inserção das comunidades terapêuticas na rede de atenção a usuários de SPAs. Além disso, propõe revelar contradições, ambigüidades e disposições institucionais, analisar sua eficácia em oferecer respostas para as aflições humanas, assim como compreender os sentidos da internação para o universo pesquisado. Busca desvendar os significados das práticas religiosas institucionais e seus efeitos na carreira e sociabilidade dos atores. Nessa pesquisa, serão utilizados como instrumento metodológico a observação direta das rotinas institucionais, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionário diretivo com conteúdo sócio-demográfico. Também, análise de documental e participação de atividades extra-institucionais. O percurso etnográfico revela que, embora enfrente forte resistência na rede de atenção, a comunidade terapêutica estudada é eficaz em re-significar o consumo abusivo de SPAs, principalmente por forjar sentidos para que sejam elaboradas narrativas sobre a carreira desviante de usuários. It is observed that, while attempts at consolidation of public attention to users of psychoactive substances (PAS), occurred the proliferation of therapeutic communities, as voluntary initiative of religious groups. The cause of this phenomenon is the concern of background that structures this study. Located in a scenario which highlights the fragility of public health services, the spread of therapeutic communities receive, in Brazil, a political connotation. In order to elucidate the causes, one must also consider the growing religious market, the struggle for legitimacy of religious institution, and the visibility of the issue “drugs” in contemporary times. Thus, this paper aims to reflect the institutionalization of crack users, from the analysis of their careers in a therapeutic community, located in the grand Salvador area. It also aims to verify the insertion of the therapeutic community in the care network. It also proposes to reveal contradiction, ambiguities and institutional arrangements, analyze its effectiveness in providing answers to human affliction, as well as understand the meanings of admission to the group studied. Seeks to unravel the meanings of religious practices, their effects on the institucional career and sociability of the actors. In this research, it will be used as methodological tool, the direct observation of institutional routines, semi-structures interviews and questionnaires with socio-demographic content. Also draws on documentary analysis and reporting of extra-institucional activities. Thus, this ethnography reveals that, although it faces strong resistance in the network care, the therapeutic community is effective on provide meanings of PAS abuse, mainly for forge senses to be drawn on the narrative of users’ deviant career.
Salvador
Peixoto, Audenis Lima de Aguiar. "Dependência química pelo crack : vivências e percepções dos discentes do internato de um curso médico." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1347.
Full textEste trabalho acadêmico apresenta um artigo intitulado “Dependência Química pelo crack: vivências e percepções dos estudantes de um curso médico”, que tem como objetivo investigar as vivências e identificar as percepções dos estudantes do internato de um curso médico sobre dependência química pelo crack. O internato ocorre nos últimos quatro períodos do curso e é o momento de treinamento em serviço sob a supervisão direta dos docentes da faculdade. Seu objetivo é propiciar formação generalista, com conhecimentos, habilidades e posturas adequadas nas situações de maior prevalência e relevância no exercício da prática médica. A dependência química pelo crack é um relevante problema social e de saúde pública, está presente em todas as camadas da sociedade, trazendo prejuízos aos seus portadores. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico, de abordagem qualitativa. Todos os estudantes do nono período, do primeiro semestre de 2013, durante o Internato de Saúde Mental, participaram da pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas, norteadas por um roteiro semiestruturado, gravadas e transcritas. Após a coleta, foi realizada a análise do conteúdo de Bardin. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacou-se a percepção dos estudantes sobre a dependência química como problema social e doença, a valorização da codependência e dos prejuízos sociais e existenciais que o crack provoca, além da preocupação com a prevenção e com o enfrentamento à disseminação da dependência pela referida droga. Os resultados também propiciaram o desenvolvimento de um produto em forma de vídeo: “Uma melhor formação médica no enfrentamento da dependência do crack”. Neste, são mostradas as mudanças que já ocorreram no processo de ensino-aprendizagem sobre o crack nos módulos de psiquiatria, bem como um projeto de intervenção mais amplo. Espera-se que este trabalho acadêmico estimule cada estudante a se interessar mais pelo estudo da dependência química pelo crack, para que possa, como profissional inserido em equipes multiprofissionais, interdisciplinares e intersetoriais, exercer seu verdadeiro papel social no enfrentamento do problema.