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Journal articles on the topic 'Crack opening and closing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wu, He Len, Zhong Yi Cai, and Ke Qin Xiao. "An Experimental Study of Breathing Mechanism for the Transversely Cracked Shafts." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.547.

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Shaft fatigue crack is one of the most common defects in rotating equipment, due to its extensive operation with continuous heavy loads. Finding an efficient way to evaluate the true stiffness variation due to the crack rotation is the key step to develop both on-line and off-line crack diagnostic techniques. This study analyzed time-variant bending stiffness of elastic shafts with experimentally-induced fatigue, welding and wire cut transverse cracks. It was found that crack gap has a significant effect on the opening and closing behaviour of the transverse crack. As in the case of a cut crac

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2

Lee, Chong-Won, Jong-Seop Yun, and Oh Sung Jun. "Modeling of a Simple Rotor With a Switching Crack and Its Experimental Verification." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 114, no. 2 (1992): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930251.

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The switching crack model having two different stiffnesses, depending upon the crack status, is developed. The necessary conditions for the crack opening/closing states are then analytically derived from a simple rotor with a switching crack. The validity of the switching crack model and the crack opening/closing conditions is proved through numerical simulations and experiments, and a crack identification scheme based on the analysis is also proposed.

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3

Liu, Bin, Zhiwei Luo, and Tie Gang. "Influence of low-frequency parameter changes on nonlinear vibro-acoustic wave modulations used for crack detection." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (2017): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921716689385.

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The use of vibro-acoustic modulation is an effective nonlinear and nondestructive approach to the detection and monitoring of cracks in fatigued, defective, and fractured materials. However, the vibro-acoustic modulation results strongly depend on choice of the testing parameters. To implement this technique for additional applications, the effect of variation in the test parameters must be well understood. This study investigates the influence of variation in the amplitude and frequency of pumping (low-frequency vibration) signals on the modulation. We apply two kinds of probing excitations,

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4

Cai, Zhong Yi, He Len Wu, Xiao Li Zhao, and Jian Ping Zhang. "Bending Stiffness Analysis of Elastic Shafts with Three Types of Transverse Cracks." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2197.

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The breathing mechanism of a transverse crack in an elastic shaft has been extensively researched. Although many different crack models have been presented, little published research has explored experimentally how the shaft crack breathing mechanism interacts with the change of stiffness during each revolution. This study addressed static analysis of the stiffness of elastic shafts with experimentally-induced fatigue, welding or wire cut transverse cracks. Bending stiffness was measured from different angles under a three point bending fixture, to efficiently define the correct periodical sti

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5

Toyosada, Masahiro, and Koji Gotoh. "The Significance of Plastic Zone Growth under Cyclic Loading and Crack Opening/Closing Model in Fatigue Crack Propagation." Materials Science Forum 482 (April 2005): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.482.95.

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Fatigue cracks remain closed at lower loading level during a part of load cycle even though a tension-to-tension loading is applied. The crack closure plays a role to obstruct the generation and growth of compressive plastic zone during unloading. Cyclic plastic work, which corresponds to an irreversible energy consumed in a cracked body is generated ahead of a crack, is required as a fatigue crack driving force. The amout of cyclic plasticity is reduced by a crack closure. The crack opening/closing model based on the Dugdale model under arbitrary stress distributions for a through thickness s

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6

HATANAKA, Kenji, Junji OHGI, Akio TOMIOKA, and Katsuhito KAJI. "Crack Opening and Closing Behaviors under Cyclic Loadings in Annealed Copper(Crack Growth)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics 2.01.03 (2001): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatemapcfs.2.01.03.0_718.

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7

Chattopadhyay, J., A. K. S. Tomar, B. K. Dutta, and H. S. Kushwaha. "Closed-Form Collapse Moment Equations of Throughwall Circumferentially Cracked Elbows Subjected to In-Plane Bending Moment." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 126, no. 3 (2004): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767177.

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A large throughwall circumferential crack in an elbow subjected to in-plane bending moment can significantly reduce its collapse load. Therefore, it is very important to know the collapse moment of an elbow in the presence of a throughwall circumferential crack. The existing closed-form collapse moment equations of throughwall circumferentially cracked elbows are either too conservative or inadequate to correctly quantify the weakening effect due to the presence of the crack, especially for opening mode of bending moment. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate through

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8

Guo, Z. K., A. S. Kobayashi, and N. M. Hawkins. "Mixed Modes I and II Concrete Fracture: An Experimental Analysis." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 4 (1994): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901562.

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The development of the fracture process zone associated with subcritical crack growth in a three-point bend concrete specimen with an off-centered, single-edged precrack was monitored with moire interferometry. The applied load and the crack opening and sliding displacements together with a finite element model of the concrete specimen were used to determine the crack closing stress due to aggregate bridging. Under this mixed-mode fracture, aggregate interlocking increased the crack closing stresses in the fracture process zone and hence the load carrying capacity of the concrete specimen. The

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9

Kida, Katsuyuki, Tatsurou Nakashima, and Masayuki Ishida. "Changes in Magnetic Flux Density Distributions of Chromium Molybdenum Steel (JIS, SCM440) by Slit Opening and Crack Growth." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.376.

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Non-destructive evaluation methods using magnetic measurement systems have been developed. However, there are a few approaches to the effect of cracks on magnetic fields during whole fatigue process. In the present work, slit samples of as-received chromium molybdenum steel material (JIS, SCM440) including no retained austenite was fatigue tested. Fatigue process was observed using a scanning Hall probe microscope in order to investigate the effect of cyclic slit opening and crack growth on residual magnetic fields. It is found that the cyclic opening-closing of the slit decreases the magnetic

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10

Hatanaka, Kenji, Jun Ji Ohgi, Fumihiro Fujiwara, and Hisashi Ogawa. "Crack Opening/Closing Behaviors under Biaxial Cyclic Loadings in Carbon Steel." Key Engineering Materials 243-244 (July 2003): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.243-244.309.

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11

HATANAKA, Kenji, Junji OHGI, Akio TOMIOKA, and Katsuhito KAJI. "Crack Opening and Closing Behaviors under Cyclic Loadings in Annealed Copper." JSME International Journal Series A 45, no. 4 (2002): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmea.45.487.

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12

HAYASHI, Takahiro, Koichiro KAWASHIMA, and Shiro BIWA. "2602 Visualization of harmonic waves generated by crack opening and closing." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2007.1 (2007): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2007.1.0_517.

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13

So¨ffker, D., J. Bajkowski, and P. C. Mu¨ller. "Detection of Cracks in Turborotors—A New Observer Based Method." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (1993): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899130.

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The clear relation between shaft cracks in turborotors and vibration effects measured in bearings can be established by model-based methods very well. Here a new concept has been presented, based on the theory of disturbance rejection control, extended for nonlinear systems and applied on a turborotor. Simulations have been done, showing the theoretical success of this method, especially for reconstructing disturbance forces as inner forces caused by the crack. Calculating the relative crack compliance as the ratio of additional compliance caused by the crack and undamaged compliance a clear s

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14

Li, Ya Zhi, Jing He, Zi Peng Zhang, and Liang Wang. "Characterizing Fatigue Crack Closure by Numerical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.273.

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The crack closure phenomenon has attracted great attention in the prediction of fatigue crack growth. The finite element analysis of fatigue crack growth has been conducted by many researchers mainly emphasized on the technique implementation of the simulation. In this paper the behavior of plasticity induced fatigue crack closure was analyzed by the elastic-plastic finite element method for middle crack tension (MT) specimen. The material was assumed as linear-kinematic hardening. The crack growth was simulated by releasing the “bonded” node pairs ahead of crack tip in stepwise. The calculati

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15

Niwa, Toshio, and Masahiro Toyosada. "A Study on Plastic Shrinkage Coefficient of Crack Opening/Closing Model at a Crack Extension." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 2000, no. 188 (2000): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.2000.188_669.

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16

Bachschmid, N., P. Pennacchi, E. Tanzi, and S. Audebert. "Transverse Crack Modeling and Validation in Rotor Systems, Including Thermal Effects." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 2 (2003): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000101.

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This article describes a model that allows the simulation of the static behavior of a transverse crack in a horizontal rotor under the action of weight and other possible static loads and the dynamic behavior of cracked rotating shaft. The crack breathes—that is, the mechanism of the crack's opening and closing is ruled by the stress on the cracked section exerted by the external loads. In a rotor, the stresses are time-dependent and have a period equal to the period of rotation; thus, the crack periodically breathes. An original, simplified model allows cracks of various shapes to be modeled

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17

Bachschmid, N., P. Pennacchi, E. Tanzi, and S. Audebert. "Transverse Crack Modeling and Validation in Rotor Systems Including Thermal Effects." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 10, no. 4 (2004): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x04000272.

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In this article, a model is described that allows one to simulate the static behavior of a transversal crack in a horizontal rotor, under the action of the weight and other possible static loads and the dynamical behavior of the rotating cracked shaft. The crack “breaths,” i.e., the mechanism of opening and closing of the crack, is ruled by the stress acting on the cracked section due to the external loads; in a rotor the stress is time-depending with a period equal to the period of rotation, thus the crack “periodically breaths.” An original simplified model is described that allows cracks of

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18

Pavelko, Vitalijs. "Application of the Fatigue Crack Opening/Closing Effect for SHM Using Electromechanical Impedance Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.228.

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Earlier the effect of fatigue crack opening/closing (FCOC) to ultrasound guided wave propagation was investigated. The purpose of this article is to evaluate this effect to the electromechanical impedance (EMI) of the system "piezoelectric transducer / host structure. Experimental study performed using the flat samples of aluminum alloy. One of them had the 4 mm central hole. Other sample after fatigue testing had central fatigue crack of 40 mm length (including a 4 mm central hole for the initiation of a fatigue crack. Each sample was loaded by tensile axial static load from zero to 12 kN and

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19

Scavia, C. "Numerical simulation of opening and closing cracks." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 29, no. 4 (1992): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(92)90793-y.

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20

Markides, Ch F., D. N. Pazis, and S. K. Kourkoulis. "Stress intensity factors for the Brazilian disc with a short central crack: Opening versus closing cracks." Applied Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 12 (2011): 5636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2011.05.013.

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21

Lukasiewicz, S., and K. Palka. "ON DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN BEAMS AND TRUSSES FROM DYNAMIC RESPONSES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 24, no. 1A (2000): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2000-0001.

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This paper presents an identification method to detect cracks and corroded members in vibrating structures. The mathematical identification procedure based on the least square technique uses the measured dynamic response of a structure as the source of information. The application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the representation of all constraints and model equations allows presentation of the identification process in a simple and very efficient mathematical form. Propagation of cracks and other failures of the members cause changes in the bending and axial stiffness of the members.

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22

Tsuji, Takashi, H. Irihama, T. Mihara, and Kazushi Yamanaka. "Imaging and Evaluation of Nano-Scale Crack by Using Ultrasonic Atomic Force Microscopy." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1067.

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Evaluation method of nano-scale internal cracks by ultrasonic atomic force microscopy (UAFM) is proposed based on two approaches. The first one is a linear vibration analysis of the contact stiffness calculated from a finite element method analysis of a model including a subsurface gap. The second one is a nonlinear vibration analysis of a stiffening or softening spring representing the opening-and-closing behavior of the gap. These methods were verified by obtaining the resonance frequency mapping, the load dependence of the resonance frequency and the resonance spectra in UAFM on a subsurfac

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23

de Matos, P. F. P., and D. Nowell. "On the accurate assessment of crack opening and closing stresses in plasticity-induced fatigue crack closure problems." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 74, no. 10 (2007): 1579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.09.007.

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24

Xu, Y. G., W. Tiu, and Y. Z. Xu. "Numerical Simulation of Crack Tip Behavior under Fatigue Loading." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.517.

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Fatigue damage is a localized phenomenon controlled by the near-tip crack behavior. This paper presents an application of a dislocation distribution technique to the simulation of crack tip behavior under fatigue loading. A centre-cracked tension specimen under uni-axial fatigue loading is used in the study. Crack opening and plastic deformation around the crack tip are simulated by distributions of dislocation dipoles in crack plane and four inclined planes ahead of the crack tip. Climb dislocation dipole is used to model the opening and closing of the crack while glide dislocation dipole is

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25

Zhou, J. M., T. Takase, and Y. Imai. "Opening and closing behavior of an external circular crack due to axisymmetrical heating." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 47, no. 4 (1994): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(94)90255-0.

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26

Wang, Feng Lan. "Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Model Study on Stability of a Crack Rotor System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.651.

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In this paper, the single disk rotor system with a transverse open and close crack has been taken as an example; square wave function has been adopted to express opening and closing characteristics of a transverse crack. The stability on the system has been discussed by theoretical analysis and experimental model study. The conclusions have shown that the unstable vibrations are found in the regions near the rotational speed at 2/3, 2/5and 2/7 of the critical speed in the large crack and the small damping case. The influence of some factors such as the crack depth and the damping on stability

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27

Zhang, Yan, Jinxiang Liu, Zhengxing Zuo, and Shuai Zhang. "Optimization of volumetric efficiency of a small wankel engine using genetic algorithm." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180504058z.

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In this work, port crank angles strategies for maximizing engine volumetric efficiency of a commercial rotary engine are studied. The internal combustion engines computer program, which simulates an actual working processes, has been used. Overall performance characteristics such as the cycle efficiency, engine power are calculated by a mathematical model. The model is calibrated with data obtain from a measured in-cylinder pressure, and validated against the experimental data. In-take opening and closing time, exhaust opening and closing time are chosen as optimization variables when volumetr

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28

Sawicki, Bartłomiej, Antoine Bassil, Eugen Brühwiler, Xavier Chapeleau, and Dominique Leduc. "Detection and Measurement of Matrix Discontinuities in UHPFRC by Means of Distributed Fiber Optics Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 14 (2020): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143883.

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Following the significant improvement in their properties during the last decade, Distributed Fiber Optics sensing (DFOs) techniques are nowadays implemented for industrial use in the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). While these techniques have formed an undeniable asset for the health monitoring of concrete structures, their performance should be validated for novel structural materials including Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious composites (UHPFRC). In this study, a full scale UHPFRC beam was instrumented with DFOs, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and extenso

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29

Toyosada, Masahiro, and Kieitaro Konuma. "Farsighted Considerations of Fatigue Limit, Crack Opening/Closing Phenomena and Plastic Zone around Crack under Variable Amplitude Loading." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 2004, no. 196 (2004): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.2004.196_181.

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30

Fontana, A., M. Minotti, and Pietro Salvini. "Cohesive Release Loads in a General Finite Element Model of a Propagating Crack." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.517.

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High speed MODE I crack growth in elastic-plastic materials, involving large scale plasticity and dynamic effects connected to rapid propagation, is faced through a cohesive model to tune force nodal release. The stress resisting to the opening of the edges in the cohesive zone should account of effective stress field ahead crack tip. In this paper a reference value is accounted: it represents the maximum closing stress measured at the crack tip, where the cohesive effects begin. A bi-parametric analytical formulation of stress distribution ahead the crack tip is suggested. The bi-parametric f

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31

van Kuijk, Jesse J. A., René C. Alderliesten, and Rinze Benedictus. "Measuring crack growth and related opening and closing stresses using continuous potential drop recording." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 252 (July 2021): 107841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107841.

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32

Pan, Changluan, Ping Tang, Martin Riara, Liantong Mo, Mingliang Li, and Meng Guo. "Effect of Healing Agents on Crack Healing of Asphalt and Asphalt Mortar." Materials 11, no. 8 (2018): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081373.

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This study investigated the effect of seven healing agents on crack healing ability of long-term aged asphalt and its mortar. Different healing agents including sunflower oil, aromatic oil, bitumen emulsion, and maltene-based emulsions were used. The crack healing of asphalt made use of two asphalt disk samples and healing was evaluated using direct tensile tests. For asphalt mortar, notched semi-circular samples were used. Test results indicated that the crack healing of asphalt and its mortar depended strongly on the type of healing agent. In general, asphalt healed faster than its mortar. A

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33

TORII, Tashiyuki, Norihiko TOI, Kohji NAKANO, and Kazuo HONDA. "Relationship between X-Ray Residual Stress near Crack and Crack Opening/Closing Behavior Controlling Fatigue Crack Propagation in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 46, no. 2 (1997): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.131.

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34

OKAZAKI, Masakazu, Shigeru OHSHIMA, and Shin-ichiroh NOHMI. "Investigation on Small Fatigue Crack Growth Based on Crack Opening-Closing Measurement in Ni-Base Superalloys at High Temperatute." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 43, no. 490 (1994): 860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.43.860.

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35

Saavedra, P. N., and L. A. Cuitiño. "Vibration Analysis of Rotor for Crack Identification." Journal of Vibration and Control 8, no. 1 (2002): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546302008001526.

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A theoretical and experimental dynamic analysis of a rotor-bearing system with a transversely cracked shaft is presented. To model the system for FEM analysis, a finite element for a cracked cylindrical shaft is developed. The additional flexibility due to the crack is evaluated from the linear fracture mechanics, using a breathing crack model derived in a rigorous way. A simplified opening/closing crack model is proposed to reduce the computational effort. The resulting parametrically excited system is nonlinear, and the equations of motion are solved using Hilbert, Hughes, and Taylor integra

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36

Dai, Chunquan, Kun Jiang, and Quanlei Wang. "Recognition of Tunnel Lining Cracks Based on Digital Image Processing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 29, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5162583.

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Most of the tunnel projects are related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and their operational safety is of paramount importance. Tunnel safety accidents or hidden safety hazards often start from subtleties. Therefore, the identification of tunnel cracks is a key part of tunnel safety control. The development of computer vision technology has made it possible for the automatic detection of tunnel cracks. Aiming at the problem of low recognition accuracy of existing crack recognition algorithms, this paper uses an improved homomorphic filtering algorithm to dehaze and clear the

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37

Feng, Xin, and Jing Zhou. "Crack Identification by Jointly Time-Frequency Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.161.

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A novel approach for crack identification based on jointly time-frequency analysis is presented in the paper. A bilinear stiffness model for the breathing crack was introduced to represent the nonlinear dynamics of a cracked beam. The nonlinearity of the dynamic responses due to the crack opening-closing is used to identify the occurrence of the crack. The Wigner-Wille distribution technique is applied to analyze the response signals and the instantaneous frequency is extracted as damage-sensitive feature. The numerical simulations of a breathing crack model were carried out to validate the po

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38

MAKABE, Chobin, Hideo KANESHIRO, Shin-ichi NISHIDA, and Tateki YAFUSO. "Measurement of Fatigue Crack Opening and Closing Points in Thin Plate Specimen and It's Difficulties." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 41, no. 465 (1992): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.41.951.

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39

Jefferson, A. D., and I. C. Mihai. "The simulation of crack opening-closing and aggregate interlock behaviour in finite element concrete models." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 104, no. 1 (2015): 48–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.4934.

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40

UTUNOMIYA, Takao, Masaya SASAKI, Chobin MAKABE, and Haruhisa SUZUKI. "114 Detection of Fatigue Crack Tip Opening and Closing Points Based on Strain Wave Change." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2001.39 (2001): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2001.39.27.

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41

HANJI, Takeshi, Kazuo TATEISHI, and Masaru SHIMIZU. "WELD CRACK AND OPENING AND CLOSING BEHAVIOR OF ROOT GAP DURING WELDING UNDER CYCLIC LOADING." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 77, no. 2 (2021): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.77.2_287.

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42

Neves Carneiro, Gonçalo, and Pedro Ribeiro. "Vibrations of beams with a breathing crack and large amplitude displacements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 1 (2015): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215589333.

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The vibrations of beams with a breathing crack are investigated taking into account geometrical non-linear effects. The crack is modeled via a function that reduces the stiffness, as proposed by Christides and Barr (One-dimensional theory of cracked Bernoulli–Euler beams. Int J Mech Sci 1984). The bilinear behavior due to the crack closing and opening is considered. The equations of motion are obtained via a p-version finite element method, with shape functions recently proposed, which are adequate for problems with abrupt localised variations. To analyse the dynamics of cracked beams, the equ

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43

Noderer, W. L., L. Shen, S. Vajpayee, N. J. Glassmaker, A. Jagota, and C. Y. Hui. "Enhanced adhesion and compliance of film-terminated fibrillar surfaces." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2086 (2007): 2631–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1891.

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We present studies of a bio-inspired film-terminated fibrillar surface that has significantly enhanced adhesion and contact compliance compared with a flat control. We show that adhesion hysteresis arises from the architecture of the interfacial region. Measured in cyclic indentation experiments, it can be nearly five times the absolute work of adhesion for a flat control. Using a two-dimensional model, we propose that hysteresis develops as a result of crack trapping by fibril edges. The crack propagation mode is consistent with this model, as is the observation that with increasing hysteresi

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44

TORII, Tashiyuki, Norihiko TOI, Kohji NAKANO, and Kazuo HONDA. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN X-RAY RESIDUAL STRESS NEAR THE CRACK AND CRACK OPENING/CLOSING BEHAVIOR CONTROLLING FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 47, no. 9Appendix (1998): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.47.9appendix_186.

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45

Lu, Zheng Chao, Li Bing Li, Feng Shang, and Yun Hui Jiang. "Performance of the Inducing Joints in Xiaowan Arch Dam with Reservoir Impounded to Normal Water Level." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.511.

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To reduce the tensile stress at dam heel, inducing joints have been set in Xiaowan arch dam; they were designed to work without water pressure. After the reservoir was impounded to the normal water level of E.L.1240m, monitoring data showed that almost half of the inducing joints were working with water pressure, but leakage remained small. It also indicated the opening and shear deformation of all the inducing joints were small, and the joint surface remained in compression although the compressive stress was decreased by 2.03MPa~9.29MPa. So it can be concluded that the inducing joints are ge

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Lim, Hyung Jin, and Hoon Sohn. "Online fatigue crack prognosis using nonlinear ultrasonic modulation." Structural Health Monitoring 18, no. 5-6 (2019): 1889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719828271.

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This article presents an online remaining fatigue life estimation (prognosis) technique using nonlinear ultrasonic modulation. When two ultrasonic inputs at two distinct frequencies are introduced to a structure with a fatigue crack, modulation components at the sum and difference of input frequencies are generated owing to crack opening and closing. First, a fatigue index is defined for prognosis and extracted from nonlinear ultrasonic modulation measurement. Subsequently, it is shown that the fatigue index is expressed as a simple power function of loading cycles applied to a target structur

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MAKABE, Chobin, Hideo KANESHIRO, Masaya ITOKAZU, and Tateki YAFUSO. "A measurement method of crack tip opening and closing in fatigue by means of strain gauge." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 56, no. 526 (1990): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.56.1360.

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Chobin, Makabe, and Kaneshiro Hideo. "A method of detecting the fatigue crack initiation and growth in a holed specimen based on crack tip opening and closing." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 41, no. 3 (1992): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(92)90079-t.

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Chen, Lihua, Jian Xue, Zhijie Zhang, and Wei Zhang. "Bifurcation Study of Thin Plate with an All-Over Breathing Crack." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1509384.

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An all-over breathing crack on the plate surface having arbitrary depth and location is assumed to be nonpropagating and parallel to one side of the plate. Based on a piecewise model, the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of thin plate with the all-over breathing crack are studied to analyze the effect of external excitation amplitudes and frequencies on cracked plate with different crack parameters (crack depth and crack location). Firstly, the mode shape functions of cracked thin plate are obtained by using the simply supported boundary conditions and the boundary conditions along the crack line.

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Zou, J., J. Chen, Y. P. Pu, and P. Zhong. "On the wavelet time-frequency analysis algorithm in identification of a cracked rotor." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 37, no. 3 (2002): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324021514998.

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Based on the hinge crack model and the local flexibility theorem, the local flexibility of a cracked rotor due to the crack and the modified function of the opening and closing of the crack are given; the corresponding dynamic equation of the cracked rotor is modelled; the numerical simulation solutions of the cracked rotor and the uncracked rotor are obtained. By the continuous wavelet time—frequency transform, the wavelet time-frequency properties of the uncracked rotor and the cracked rotor are discussed; the difference between the wavelet time-frequency properties of the cracked rotor and

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