Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crackers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Crackers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Crackers"

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ISIK, Fatma, and Sinem TURK ASLAN. "CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF GLUTEN-FREE POTATO CRACKERS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COWPEA, FABA BEAN AND MUNG BEAN FLOURS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 54, no. 1 (2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.1045.

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In this study, some characteristics of gluten-free potato crackers substituded with cowpea, faba bean and mung bean flours were determined. The crackers containing the legume flours had significantly higher (p<0.05) fat, protein, insoluble and total dietary fiber, and essential amino acids (EAA) than the control cracker (C) produced with potato flour and starch. The cracker containing faba bean flour (FC) had the highest P, K, Ca, and Zn contents. C recorded the highest L*, cracker containing cowpea flour (CC) recorded the highest a* and FC recorded the highest b* values. C had a higher har
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Arul, Ramli, Budi Setiawan, and Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh. "Analisis Kelayakan Usaha dan Nilai Tambah Kerupuk Cumi." Jurnal Keuangan dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32524/jkb.v17i1.494.

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One attempt to create a processed product of fishery products in the form of finished goods which main raw material are fishery products is by processing it into crackers. Crackers are generally made from tapioca flour as a source of starch with the addition of spices and water which have a low nutrient content. Addition of nutritional crackers can be done by adding fish meat. While on the other hand, the type of fish as the main raw material for making fish crackers greatly influences the color, texture and taste of fish crackers. As in the case with squid crackers which have distinctive tast
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Rachmawati, Dyna, Adriana Anteng Anggorowati, Andrew Joewono, Anita Maya Sutedja, and Farida Lianawati Darsono. "PENYUSUNAN RENCANA BISNIS DAN UPAYA DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK PADA USAHA MIKRO KERUPUK SUSMI SITUBONDO." Jurnal Abdi Insani 10, no. 4 (2023): 2025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v10i4.1025.

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Susmi Cracker Micro Business is located in the village of Curah Cottok, Kapongan District, Situbondo Regency, East Java. This micro business has been running its business since 2017. The main products produced are onion crackers, meatball crackers, and vegetable crackers. The crackers sold are still raw, packaged in plastic with a size of 1 kilogram. Susmi Crackers have succeeded in increasing their production volume, because of the technology supported from the Electrical Engineering Team of Widya Mandala Catholic Surabaya University (WMCSU). It impacts on the increase of the sales volume. Su
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Winarni, Ambar, and Dwiani Listya Kartika. "Analisis Sensitivitas dalam Optimalisasi Produksi UD Mekar Sari Karang Klesem Menggunakan Program Linier dengan Metode Simpleks Diperbaiki." JOSTECH Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2024): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jostech.v4i1.8231.

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The research aimed to optimize the production of crackers in order to achieve maximum profit at the UD Mekar Sari Karangklesem factory by applying the simplex method. This research used a descriptive quantitative research approach and literature study methods to support the preparation of this research. The data used is secondary data which includes the amount of each raw material needed, the purchase price of each raw material, the selling price of each type of cracker and the yield of each type of cracker produced. UD Mekar Sari is a cracker factory that produces gendar crackers, soto cracke
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Adetia Riski Wardana, Agus Mukhtar, and Aan Burhanuddin. "Analisis Persebaran Panas Pada Mesin Oven Pengering Kerupuk Dengan Burner Sederhana Berbasis Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy 4, no. 2 (2024): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.52158/jamere.v4i2.821.

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The main problems in drying crackers are non-uniform drying and drying that still uses solar energy. During the rainy season, the process of drying crackers cannot be done quickly or takes a long time, thereby reducing the amount of cracker production in cracker MSMEs. Therefore, the solution that can be used is to use simple technology, a cracker drying oven machine, which can help the productivity of cracker small businesses in the drying process when the rainy season arrives. This research aims to determine the heat distribution in the cracker drying oven box using Computational Fluid Dynam
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Saputra, Maulana Ari Eka, and Handy Febri Satoto. "UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS UMKM PEMBUATAN KERUPUK BU TUTIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE OBJECTIVE MATRIX (OMAX)." J-ENSITEC 10, no. 02 (2024): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jensitec.v10i02.9248.

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Abstract Bu Tutik's cracker-making MSME is one of the cracker-making businesses located in Sidoarjo. This MSME is a business that operates in the manufacture of crackers. The crackers produced are like samiler crackers and puli crackers. This MSME is capable of producing up to 150 kg per month, where the production process still uses manual and simple methods. None of the processes in this MSME use machines for the production process. Productivity measurement is carried out using the OMAX (Objective Matrix) method. Next, analysis is carried out using the FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method to obt
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Indriani, Meriska, Filli Pratama, and Hermanto Hermanto. "Analisis Lama Penyimpanan Kemplang Ikan Palembang yang Diproses dengan Panas dari Gelombang Mikro dan yang Digoreng." Jurnal FishtecH 8, no. 2 (2019): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/fishtech.v8i2.10008.

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Palembang fish crackers have a thick characteristic with a strong fishy aroma. Puffing of the thick fish cracker requires particular technique, for example the deep-frying techniques should use two different heating temperatures to obtain good quality of crackers. Another alternative method is to use heat from microwaves. One of the disadvantages of crackers that are processed with heat from the microwave is the easiness of the crackers lose its crispness. This study aimed to analyze the shelf-life of fish crackers puffed by microwave heat and deep-frying technique in some types of packaging.
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Tanius, Billy, Heru Pramudia, and Iwan Surjawan. "Innovation Of Adding Green Mustard To Rice Crackers." Journey : Journal of Tourismpreneurship, Culinary, Hospitality, Convention and Event Management 7, no. 2 (2024): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.46837/journey.v7i2.223.

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Crackers are a type of dry food that contains quite high starch, made from tapioca flour as a base ingredient. Different spices are added to produce different types of crackers. Crackers can also be innovated by using other ingredient substitutions that aim to add and have functional value, one of which is the addition of green mustard. This research aims to utilize green mustard into an innovative rice cracker product. This is caused by the lack of rice cracker products with vegetables as processed products. This study uses a quantitative approach. Specifically, this research was carried out
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Asfar, Andi Hasryningsih, Edwin Gunadi, Lisa Reftiana, Annisa Utami, and Sadam Adriansyah. "PENDAMPINGAN MODIFIKASI KEMASAN DAN RASA PADA KERUPUK IKAN PAYUS DI DESA PONTANG SERANG." Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55883/jipam.v2i1.34.

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Pontang is one of the areas in Serang Regency, Banten Province. One of the distinctive features of Pontang is the Payus fish cracker. Payus fish crackers are crackers made from payus fish. The reason for the insignificant sale of Payus Fish Crackers is that the packaging of Payus Fish Crackers is still simple and the taste is one variant. The research was conducted using direct interviews and literature studies with business owners of payus fish crackers.Based on the results of the existing analysis, it is necessary to develop Payus fish cracker products to update labels, flavors, packaging th
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Prayitno, Heru, and Anief Fauzan Rozi. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Supplier Bahan Baku Kerupuk Rambak Tapioka Terbaik Menggunakan Metode Evaluation Based On Distance From Average Solution (EDAS)." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi (JSIT) 3, no. 1 (2023): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jsit.v3i1.581.

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Kerupuk (Crackers ) are one of the specialties of the Indonesian people and are well-known by all social classes, from the lower to the upper middle classes. Most Indonesians consume crackers because they are delicious and can be consumed with any meal. This resulted in the proliferation of cracker manufacturers in Indonesia, not only producing a single type of cracker but also a variety of crackers whose flavor and ingredients were adapted to the palate of the Indonesian people. Crackers made from leather or Rambak crackers are well-known among the general population. Rambak crackers are not
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crackers"

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Urbina, Parra Belkys del Socorro. "Marketing research for the introduction of a new product in the Venezulan market saltine cracker with partial substitution of wheat flour by tropical tubers and roots /." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000urbinab.pdf.

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Sahin, Ezgi. "Utilization Of Wheat Bran Fiber In Crackers." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613753/index.pdf.

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Dietary fiber is a component in the structure of plants which is an important aspect of diet and nutrition. The demand of fiber has increased significantly, as consumers recognize its health benefits such as reduction of risk of colon cancer, cholesterol lowering affect, regulating blood glucose levels and low calorie intake. Therefore food manufacturers pay more attention to develop new products containing high fiber content. Of all the categories of food products, bakery products are the most common fiber-enriched products. In this research two different wheat bran fibers (coarse and fine fi
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Armstrong, Matthew. "Improving Adhesion of Seasonings to Crackers with Hydrocolloid Solutions." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366279336.

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Glynn, A. Elizabeth. "Glycemic response to a peanut butter and cracker snack in noninsulin dependent diabetics and nondiabetics." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020319/.

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Jennings, LaShay. "Graham Crackers and Pudding: Using Models and Diagrams to Understand Plate Tectonics and Mountain Formation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3454.

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Gomes-Ruffi, Cristiane Rodrigues. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação tecnológica de biscoito tipo cracker com incremento no teor de proteínas e de fibras pela incorporação de derivados de soja." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256355.

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Orientador: Fernanda Paula Collares-Queiroz<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes-Ruffi_CristianeRodrigues_M.pdf: 1964145 bytes, checksum: d20d084cd656792fb2659ae059c8f70e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: O segmento de biscoitos é um setor da panificação de extrema importância para o Brasil, que se destaca como o 2º maior produtor mundial em volume. Por ser consumido habitualmente por grande parte da população brasileira, o biscoito sal
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Villavicencio, Terreros Felipe A. "Cybercrimes." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123541.

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In recent times, due to the development of information technology,a new form of crime called informational crimes has developed. in relation to this new type of crime, a special criminal law was issued, whose purpose is to prevent and punish illegal activities that affect computer systems and datas, secret communications, and other legal goods that are affected withthis type of crime, such as equity, public faith and sexual freedom.<br>En los últimos tiempos, producto del desarrollo de las tecnologías informáticas se ha ido desarrollando una nueva forma de criminalidad denominada delitos infor
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Bonazzi, Sara. "Study on the impact of replacing Palm Oil by High Oleic Sunflower Oil in Whole Wheat Crackers Shelf life." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Lo studio è stato focalizzato sulla possibilità di sostituzione dell’olio di palma con olio di girasole alto oleico in crackers integrali. Le due ricette differivano solamente per tipologia di grasso aggiunto, entrambi i prodotti sono stati confezionati in film plastico (OPP) come packaging primario, carta ondulata e OPP-metallizzato, come packaging secondario. Lo studio di shelf-life è stato condotto a 40°, condizioni accelerate, 30°, temperatura intermedia, e 23°, normale condizione di conservazione. Per ogni temperatura sono stati settati punti di controllo periodici: fino a 98 giorni per
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Benz, Wolfgang. "Einfluss von Schwefelverbindungen in flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen auf ein Brennstoffzellen-Gesamtsystem am Beispiel eines Katalytischen Crackers mit nachgeschalteter PEMFC / The Influence of Sulfur Compounds in Liquid Hydrocarbons on a Fuel Cell System, like Catalytic Cracker and Connected PEMFC." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2005. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-09192005-102928/.

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Arising from the discussion about a sustainable development of the energy sector, more and more interest of different industrial branches (e.g. in the automotive field or by the energy supply companies) is actually directed to the use of fuel cells. They show high degrees of ef-ficiency, little pollution and the ability of combined heat and power generation, and moreover they are modularly built. As a fuel they need hydrogen, but the infrastructure of its supply is much worse than necessary. So, at least for a time of transition, hydrogen must be produced from hydrocarbon fuels. A new idea is
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Рябець, Я. Ю. "Розробка проєкту хлібозаводу з установкою 3-х печей Г4-ХПН-25, впровадивши прискорену технологію виробництва хлібобулочних виробів, передбачивши в асортименті сухарні вироби". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23250.

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Рябець, Я. Ю. Розробка проєкту хлібозаводу з установкою 3-х печей Г4-ХПН-25, впровадивши прискорену технологію виробництва хлібобулочних виробів, передбачивши в асортименті сухарні вироби : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 181 «Харчові технології» / Я. Ю. Рябець ; керівник роботи К. М. Іваненко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра харчових технологій. – Чернігів, 2021. – 132 с.<br>Тема дипломного проєкту: «Розробити проєкт хлібозаводу з установкою 3-х печей Г4-ХПН-25, впровадивши прискорену технологію виробництва хлібобулочних виробів, передбачивши в асортименті сухарні вироби». Умовою дип
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Books on the topic "Crackers"

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ill, Biet Pascal, ed. Crackers. Orchard Books, 2001.

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Foust, Linda. Crackers!: Fun, easy recipes for baking delicious crackers. Gravity Pub., 1987.

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Harlow, Joan S. The Harlow's bread & cracker cookbook. Down East Books, 1989.

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Tinti, Hannah. Animal crackers. Delta Trade Paperbacks, 2005.

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Theodore, Clymer, and Ginn and Company, eds. Animal crackers. Silver, Burdett & Ginn, 1987.

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1956-, Godber John, ed. Christmas crackers. Bloomsbury, 2013.

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1955-, O'Malley Kathleen, ed. Animal crackers. MONDO, 2004.

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Phil, Mason, ed. Christian crackers. Norheimsund Books and Cards, 1986.

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Tinti, Hannah. Animal crackers. Dial Press, 2004.

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Cowling, Sue. Animal crackers. Family Learning, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crackers"

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Tiwari, Manish, Akansha Tiwari, Ankita Kataria, and Komal Chauhan. "Crackers." In Cereal-Based Food Products. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40308-8_7.

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Risby, Bonnie, and Annelise Palouda. "Animal Crackers." In Logic Safari. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003236306-8.

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Samston, M. S. "Animal Crackers." In Phunny Stuph. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237174-38.

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Hartel, Richard W., and AnnaKate Hartel. "Animal Crackers or Cookies?" In Food Bites. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75845-9_46.

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Yong, L. F. M., T. E. Acree, E. H. Lavin, and R. M. Butts. "Aroma Chemistry of Crackers." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0409.ch026.

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Bell, Mary Ann, Bobby Ezell, and James L. Van Roekel. "Crackers, Lamers, and Phreaks." In Cybersins and Digital Good Deeds. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003573302-18.

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Bell, Mary Ann, Bobby Ezell, and James L. Van Roekel. "Hackers, Crackers, and Hacking." In Cybersins and Digital Good Deeds. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003573302-42.

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King, Desmond. "Engineering of Fluidized Catalytic Crackers." In Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactors and Products. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_3.

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Dix, Alan. "Deconstructing Experience: Pulling Crackers Apart." In Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68213-6_29.

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Dix, Alan. "Deconstructing Experience: Pulling Crackers Apart." In Funology. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2967-5_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Crackers"

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Rodriguez-Gil, Edwin A., and Rakesh Agrawal. "Internally Heated Crackers for Decarbonization and Optimization of Ethylene Production." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.168053.

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Ethylene is a crucial precursor for a diverse spectrum of products and services. As global production exceeds 150 million tons annually and is projected to surpass 255 million tons by 2035, the imperative for sustainable and efficient ethylene production becomes increasingly clear. Despite Externally Heated Crackers (EHCs) dominating ethylene production for over a century, they face intrinsic limitations that necessitate transformative solutions, including intense radial thermal gradients, high metal demand, and substantial CO2 emissions. This study employs a robust combination of Computationa
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Raghu, Damodaran, Brad McKee, Cliff Sheriff, and James B. C. Wu. "High Temperature Erosion Resistant Materials for Petroleum Refinery Equipment." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01513.

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Abstract Petroleum refinery equipment components experience varying degrees of high temperature erosion and corrosion. The erosion corrosion effects are predominant in fluidized catalytic crackers, delayed cokers, flexicokers, thermal crackers and vacuum distillation units. Typical components affected are piping elbows, nozzles, valve seats and guides, thermowells and pump internals. Erosion corrosion assumes a more menacing dimension when coupled with higher temperature, where most structural alloys soften resulting in accelerated wear. Traditionally, high temperature erosion resistant compon
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Railsback, Paul T. "Effect of Heat Recovery Systems on Interior Linings of Flue Gas Stacks and Ducts in Cat Crackers, Tubular Process Heaters and Power Boilers." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86216.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the chemical environment created by the installation of heat recovery systems in refinery process units. The information presents the option of using inorganic potassium silicate linings as a corrosion and temperature-resistant barrier, replacing conventional refractory-type linings.
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Klaimi, Rachid, Sabla Y. Alnouri, Vladimir Stijepovic, Aleksa Miladinovic, and Mirko Stijepovic. "Steel Plant Electrification: A Pathway to Sustainable Production and Carbon Reduction." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.153303.

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Traditional steel processes are energy-intensive and rely heavily on fossil fuels, contributing to significant greenhouse gas emissions. By adopting electrification technologies, such as electric boilers and compressors, particularly when powered by renewable energy, steel plants can reduce their carbon footprint, enhance process flexibility, and lower long-term operational costs. This transition also aligns with increasing regulatory pressures and market demand for greener practices, positioning companies for a more competitive and sustainable future. This work investigates the potential of r
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Naraghi, Saba Ghasemi, Tylee Kareck, and Zheyu Jiang. "Multi-objective Optimization of Steam Cracking Microgrid for Clean Olefins Production." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.185984.

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Olefins are essential precursors in producing a wide range of chemical products, including plastics, detergents, adhesives, rubber, and food packaging. Ethylene and propylene are the most ubiquitous olefin components and are predominantly produced through steam cracking. However, steam cracking is highly energy- and carbon-intensive, making its decarbonization a priority as the energy sector shifts toward clean, renewable electricity. Electrifying the steam cracking process is a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions. However, this is challenged by the intrinsic conflict between the cont
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Andresen, Peter, Ali Ayhan, Greg Catlin, William Catlin, and William D. Miller. "Development and Use of a Lee James Surface Cracked Specimen for Evaluating Chemistry and Flow Rate Effects in Realistic Cracks." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04567.

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Abstract Modifications and finite element analyses have been performed to adapt a surface cracked specimen developed by Lee James. The specimen design produces very tight, linear cracks that are approximately semi-circular and which closely simulate the nature of cracks that form in plant components. This is particularly important for studying flow rate effects.
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Czajkowski, Carl J. "Investigation of Failed Type 410 Stainless Steel Shafts from Main Steam Isolation Valves at Two Operating Plants." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87097.

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Abstract Metallurgical investigation's were performed on a cracked main steam isolation valve (MSIV) shaft from the Joseph M. Farley Unit #1 station and two MSIV shafts from the R. E. Ginna Station (only one shaft cracked). This investigation consisted of optical microscopy, chemical analysis, hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The shafts were manufactured from ASTM A276, Type 410 stainless steel in the quenched and tempered condition. The crack on the Farley shaft ran longitudinally and was approximately 16.7 cm (6.6 inches) in length. The crack
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Powell, Amanda. "Goldfish Crackers." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Computer Animation Fesitval. ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1836623.1836645.

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Garg, Geetika, and Chris Pollett. "Neural network CAPTCHA crackers." In 2016 Future Technologies Conference (FTC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ftc.2016.7821703.

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Dwi Sari, Septi, and Bambang Soebyakto. "Manpower Absorption in Fishcake, Crackers and Fish Cracker Businesses in Palembang City." In 4th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008438802250241.

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Reports on the topic "Crackers"

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Tweddle, Gillian, Lars Krause, Pauline Ruiz, et al. Alternative Naphtha – Replacing Fossil-Based Feedstocks in Refineries and Naphtha Crackers: Technologies and Market, Status and Outlook. Nova-Institut GmbH, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52548/jicp8041.

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Andrawes, Bassem, and Dachina Gunasekaran. Testing, Analysis, and Load Rating of Precast Prestressed Concrete Deck Beams with Transverse Cracks. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/25-002.

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This study focused on understanding the impact of transverse cracks on the residual capacity and load rating analysis of in-service precast prestressed concrete (PPC) deck beams. Two decommissioned (33 × 36 and 21 × 36) PPC deck beams were tested under four-point bending loads to assess the impact of transverse cracks on the structural performance of the beams. Finite element and theoretical cracked section analyses were also performed to investigate the capacity of the as-built and cracked PPC deck beam. Transverse cracks reduced the load rating capacity of the 33 × 36 beam by almost 34%, whi
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Arbel, A., Z. Huang, I. Rinard, and R. Shinnar. Control of a catalytic fluid cracker. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117087.

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4

Wilkowski, Gery, and Ken Bagnoli. PR-276-223814-R02 Pragmatic Application of MegaRule RIN 1-192.712 Toughness Values L2 and L3 Procedures. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000081.

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This project addresses pragmatic application of the new DOT/PHMSA MegaRule RIN 1 - 192.712 for recommended toughness values for determining if an ILI detected axial flaw needs repair or can instead be observed for any future growth. The MegaRule toughness is expressed as the Charpy energy value, which came from Charpy test data at 50�F. However, the fracture toughness of a surface-cracked pipe is quite different than Charpy impact toughness values, especially if the Charpy data is in the brittle-to-ductile transition region. The surface-cracked pipe burst-pressure transition temperature can be
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Wilkowski, Gery. PR-276-223814-R01 Pragmatic Application of MegaRule RIN 1 - 192.712 Toughness Values. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000057.

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Abstract:
This project addresses pragmatic application of the new DOT/PHMSA MegaRule RIN 1 - 192.712 for recommended toughness values for determining if an axial flaw needs repair or can instead be observed for any future growth. The MegaRule toughness is expressed as the Charpy energy value, which came from Charpy test data at 50F. However, the fracture toughness of a surface-cracked pipe is quite different than Charpy impact toughness values, especially if the Charpy data is in the transition region. In this project, it was shown from past axial surface-cracked pipe tests that the lowest temperature f
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Snyder, Kenneth A. Effect of drying shrinkage cracks and flexural cracks on concrete bulk permeability. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6519.

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Kachanov, M. (Effective elastic properties of cracked solids). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7035443.

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Ostachowicz, W. M., M. Krawczuk, and A. Zak. Dynamics of Cracked Composite Material Structures. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada303895.

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9

Langton, C. TRANSPORT THROUGH CRACKED CONCRETE: LITERATURE REVIEW. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1041031.

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Wilkowski, G. M., D. Rudland, P. Mincer, B. Metrovich, and D. Rider. ASME-PVP05 Brittle-to-Ductile Fracture Initiation Transition Temperature for Old Linepipe w Surface-Crack. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011772.

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Much work has been done to assess constraint effects on the crack-driving force for specimens and cracks in pipes. The material's transition temperature where the fracture process changes from ductile tearing to cleavage fracture at crack initiation is affected by the constraint conditions but is a material property that cannot be determined analytically. This paper presents a methodology to account for constraint effects to predict the lowest temperature where ductile fracture initiation occurs and relates that temperature back to Charpy impact data for X60 and lower grades, particularly for
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