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Journal articles on the topic 'Cracks and Cracking'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Ma, Lukuan, Min Li, Jinsong Pang, and Chongwei Huang. "Evaluation of Transverse Cracks for Semi-Rigid Asphalt Pavements using Deflection Basin Parameters." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (2019): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119826075.

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To evaluate transverse cracks on a semi-rigid asphalt pavement by falling weight deflectometer (FWD), a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic finite-element (FE) model to calculate the deflections of transverse-cracked semi-rigid asphalt pavements under FWD loading was developed and validated by in-situ FWD tests. Then, the effect of crack types and crack width on the deflection basin was investigated for semi-rigid asphalt pavements under different interlayer contact conditions. The relationship between transverse cracks and deflection basin parameters (DBPs) was also analyzed. Finally, the slope ra

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2

Feng, Di, Jiakun Gong, Xiaodong Ni, and Jie Ren. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Soil Cracking Characteristics under Evaporation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 13, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3790345.

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There are numerous cracks on soil surface in nature. These cracks are mainly formed by the continuous water loss and shrinkage of soil under evaporation. Cracks have an important effect on the properties of soil. The analysis of soil moisture movement and cracking characteristics under evaporation is of great significance to the engineering construction in the cracked soil area. In this work, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the development of soil cracks. Crack geometrical parameters were acquired at various developmental stages. According to this, the crack evolution charac

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3

Lu, Yang, Ning Sheng Chen, Li Qun Lv, and Ming Feng Deng. "Quantitative Study for the Impact of Fines Content on Soil Surface Cracking." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.140.

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Cracking development in soils is of significance for their physical and mechanical properties. The fines content in soils is one of the most important factors in cracking development, leading to it being of great importance to quantitatively study how the cracking development is influenced by the fines content. In this paper, experimental simulations on soil surface cracking were first conducted in the lab with soil from Jiangjia Valley. Digital image processing technology was then applied to investigate cracking in soil with different fines content by describing the surface cracks with crack

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4

Li, Peng Fei, Jing Hui Liu, Hao Peng Huang, and Hao Du. "Application of Pre-Cracking in Semi-Rigid Base to Mitigate Reflective Cracking." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.709.

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Because of the high strength and sound stability, the cement stabilized base has been widely used in high grade pavement in China. But shrinkage cracking are easy to occur in the cement stabilized base. Under the repeating action of traffic loads and temperature loads, this kind of cracks are easy to propagate towards the asphalt surface, being called “reflective crack”. Shrinkage cracks are not normally avertable in the cement stabilized base, in contrast with a few wide cracks of broad spacing, numerous thin cracks of narrow spacing contribute little to the severe reflection cracking. On the

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Spaeth, Stephen C. "Imbibitional Stress and Transverse Cracking of Bean, Pea, and Chickpea Cotyledons." HortScience 21, no. 1 (1986): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.1.110.

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Abstract Transverse cracking was examined in cotyledon tissue of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Apollo’), pea (Pisum sativum L. ‘Garfield 81’), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. ‘Surutato 77’). The hypothesis that imbibitional cracks develop along lines of least resistance or along preexisting cracks was evaluated. Columns of tissue were cut from cotyledons. Time from the start of imbibition to detection of the first crack was compared between whole bean cotyledons and columns. Bean columns cracked transversely with respect to the long axes of the columns. They did not crack longitudinally,

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6

Petráš, Roman, Viktor Škorík, and Jaroslav Polák. "Crack Initiation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanicro 25 Subjected to Thermomechanical Fatigue." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.273.

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Thermomechanical fatigue experiments were performed with austenitic stainless Sanicro 25 steel. Several amplitudes of mechanical strain in a wide temperature interval (250-700 °C) were applied to the specimens. Mechanical response was recorded and fatigue lives were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy combined with FIB technique was used to study the mechanism of crack initiation in in-phase and in out-of-phase thermomechanical cycling. Different mechanisms of the crack initiation were found in these two types of loading. During in-phase loading fatigue cracks start in grain boundaries by c

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7

Pais, Jorge. "The Reflective Cracking in Flexible Pavements." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 2, no. 1 (2013): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjti-2015-0012.

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Abstract Reflective cracking is a major concern for engineers facing the problem of road maintenance and rehabilitation. The problem appears due to the presence of cracks in the old pavement layers that propagate into the pavement overlay layer when traffic load passes over the cracks and due to the temperature variation. The stress concentration in the overlay just above the existing cracks is responsible for the appearance and crack propagation throughout the overlay. The analysis of the reflective cracking phenomenon is usually made by numerical modeling simulating the presence of cracks in

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8

Zhang, Yong Shen, and Yan Ying Li. "Research on the Rigidity of Continuous Beam with Equal Span under the Temperature Load." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.846.

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Cracks appeared in concrete structure is always concerned in construction engineering. As the cracks appear, the rigidity of structure will descend. So only the combination of slip theory and the non-slip theory could reflect the development of cracks in the course of analysis of cracks development. For axial tension and bending components, stiffness changes before and after cracking. The continuous beam with equal span is analyzed under the temperature load by the finite element method. As the cracks with different space appear, there is an abrupt bending moment with every crack. Different cr

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9

Lee, Hosin (David), and Jungyong (Joe) Kim. "Development of a Crack Type Index." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1940, no. 1 (2005): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194000112.

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Many automated systems for crack analysis have been developed to measure the extent and severity of pavement cracking objectively. However, the accuracy of such an automated crack analysis system has not been satisfactory. This paper presents a crack type index (CTI) that can be easily adopted to determine the crack type objectively as longitudinal, transverse, and alligator cracking. The CTI is based on the spatial distribution of the image tiles rather than image pixels, where a tile is defined as a subimage of a whole digital image. The spatial distribution of image tiles is analyzed vertic

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10

Zamora, M., and J. P. Poirier. "Experimental study of acoustic anisotropy and birefringence in dry and saturated Fontainebleau sandstone." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 11 (1990): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442793.

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The velocities of ultrasonic P, SH, and SV waves have been measured in two perpendicular directions, in samples of Fontainebleau sandstone as received or thermally cracked, dry, or saturated, under uniaxial stress. We have investigated the effect of cracking, saturation, and uniaxial stress on the velocity of P and S waves in two orthogonal directions (anisotropy) and the velocity of S waves with two orthogonal polarizations in each direction of propagation (birefringence). The effect of cracking, saturation, and uniaxial stress on Poisson’s ratio has also been investigated. The velocity aniso

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11

Ao, Bo, Ding Hua Zhang, Xin Bo Zhao, and Xia Gang Xu. "Subvoxel Level Short Crack Simulation and Visualization." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.556.

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In order to obtain the projections with short cracks, a novel subvoxel model is proposed for short crack simulation. Short cracks are modeled in subvoxel space. Giving an initial subvoxel as an initial cracking point, a short crack is simulated according to the random growing mode. If there are multiple initial cracking points, multi-cracks can be simulated easily, and short cracks are visualized using CT. Limited by the resolution of real CT system, it is not possible to detect individual short crack but a group of them. By pre-processing the reconstructed images, new images are obtained, whi

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12

Chen, Aijun, Chaohua Li, Shanshan Zhao, Bai Yang, and Chuanyang Ding. "Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Desiccation Crack Initiation and Propagation in Red Clay." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 11156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411156.

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Red clay is susceptible to cracking in desiccating environments, with resulting crisscrossing cracks that compromise the soil structure and increase the likelihood of geological hazards. To investigate the dynamic mechanism of the initiation and propagation of soil desiccation cracks under natural hygrothermal conditions, a desiccation test was conducted on a red clay slurry using three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC) technology. The evolution behaviour of desiccation cracks was analysed, and the dynamic relationships between moisture content, displacement field, strain field, a

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13

Plumtree, Alan, and Steve B. Lambert. "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pipeline Steels." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.5.

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Clusters of fine stress corrosion cracks on the external surface of buried steel natural gas pipelines in contact with groundwater have been examined and studied. The growth rates of transgranular stress corrosion cracks have been modeled and determined by conducting laboratory tests under similar conditions to those recorded in practice. The steel samples were immersed in an anaerobic dilute, near neutral solution with an open circuit potential for various times under stress. Metallographic examination of the resulting stress corrosion cracks was then conducted. Transgranular fracture, simila

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14

Zhang, Li Wei. "Analysis and Prevention of Early Commercial Concrete Crack with Material Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.209.

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Concrete in constant access to technology development, intensification of its early shrinkage cracks caused by problems in the early works become an urgent problem. Early modern concrete easily explained reason for cracking of early age cracking depth analysis of the formation mechanism. And on this basis, the proposed early modern concrete cracks crack control philosophy to early shrinkage of concrete cracking on the goods to instruct the control, service and engineering.

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15

Salys, Donatas, Gintaris Kaklauskas, Edgaras Timinskas, Viktor Gribniak, Darius Ulbinas, and Eugenijus Gudonis. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE DISCRETE CRACKING MODEL OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TENSILE MEMBERS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 2, no. 4 (2010): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2010.19.

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Adequate modelling of reinforced concrete (RC) cracking, particularly post-cracking behaviour (tension stiffening), as one of the major sources of nonlinearity, is the most important and difficult task for deformation analysis. Deformationbehaviour of the cracked RC members is a complex process, including a wide range of effects such as differentstrength and deformation properties of steel and concrete, concrete cracking, tension-softening and tension-stiffening,bond slip between reinforcement and concrete etc. Even under low load, behaviour can be non-linear, which presents a challenge for ca

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16

Kuo, C. H., L. M. Keer, and M. P. Bujold. "Effects of Multiple Cracking on Crack Growth and Coalescence in Contact Fatigue." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 3 (1997): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833499.

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A three-dimensional fracture analysis is applied to investigate the interaction effects of multiple cracking on the crack growth in contact fatigue and to simulate the process of crack coalescence that leads to pitting failure. The rolling contact fatigue is simulated by a cyclic Hertzian contact loading moving across the surface of an elastic half-space containing several planar cracks. The body force method is applied to determine the three modes of stress intensity factors around the three-dimensional crack fronts. The fatigue crack propagation under contact loading is estimated based on th

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17

Ju, Yizhong, and Xu Wu. "Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Failure Prediction of the Granite with Orthogonal Cracks under Compressive Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 20, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846290.

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Natural joints existing in rock significantly affect the stability of long-term served subsurface engineering. In this paper, granite specimens with two orthogonal cracks were made for uniaxial compressive tests. The acoustic emission monitoring (AE) and digital image correlation techniques were employed to record the acoustic events and cracking of rock. The stress, ring-down count, and cumulative ring-down count of AE during the tests were obtained. The b-value of AE was calculated based on the magnitude and number of AE events. The relationship between the b-value and rock cracking for the

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18

Morris, Peter H., J. Graham, and David J. Williams. "Cracking in drying soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 2 (1992): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-030.

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Cracking in soils that are undergoing drying is controlled by soil suctions and by soil properties such as compression modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, tensile strength, and specific surface energy. The paper reviews the occurrence and morphology of cracks in dry-climate regions of Australia and Canada. After reviewing the behaviour of unsaturated soils and the mechanics of cracking, solutions are developed based on (i) elasticity theory, (ii) the transition between tensile and shear failure, and (iii) linear elastic fracture mechanics. The solutions are compared and related to crack

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19

Liu, Jiawei, Yingzhi Xia, Hui Li, Guoping Hu, and Mingming Hu. "Evaporative Cracking Characteristics of the Embankment Soil Affected by the Saline Concentration." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2269654.

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Embankment soil affected by saline can not only cause roadbed settlement, frosting, and road cracks but also cause corrosion and cracking of roadbed pipelines, which seriously affects the stability of the road. Water evaporation and dry cracking of the saline soil mainly cause soil swelling, poor water stability, and corrosive characteristics of the embankment soil. In this study, the evaporative cracking characteristics of soil with different saline concentrations were investigated. The results showed that the moisture content decreased linearly with the drying time in the early evaporation p

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20

Ji, Haodong, Haoyu Jiang, Ruoyi Zhao, et al. "Fractal Characteristics of Corrosion-Induced Cracks in Reinforced Concrete." Materials 13, no. 17 (2020): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173715.

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Based on the fractal geometry, a quantitative index describing the development degree of the internal corrosion expansion of reinforced concrete was proposed. This approach could describe the similarity and complexity of the development of corrosion-induced cracks in concrete simultaneously. Based on this approach, the influence of cracking pattern and coarse aggregate distribution on crack distribution was investigated. This study obtained the crack distribution of reinforced concrete by using the half-soaking galvanic accelerated corrosion method. The results showed that the cracking pattern

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21

Zhang, Wei, Beibing Dai, Zhen Liu, and Cuiying Zhou. "Numerical algorithm of reinforced concrete lining cracking process for pressure tunnels." Engineering Computations 35, no. 1 (2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2016-0394.

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Purpose The cracking of a reinforced concrete lining has a significant influence on the safety and leakage of pressure tunnels. This study aims to develop, validate and apply a numerical algorithm to simulate the lining cracking process during the water-filling period of pressure tunnels. Design/methodology/approach Cracks are preset in all lining elements, and the Mohr−Coulomb criterion with a tension cutoff is used in determining whether a preset crack becomes a real crack. The effects of several important factors such as the water pressure on crack surfaces (WPCS) and the heterogeneity of t

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22

Ajayi, Oluwatoyin, Oladipo Dare-Abel, Lanre Ogunbowale, and Obianuju Chukwuka. "Evaluation and repair of cracks in post occupancy situations." Caleb International Journal of Development Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cijds-2020-03-02-011.

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Cracks in concrete have many causes. They may affect appearance only, or may indicate significant structural distress or a lack of durability. Cracks may represent the total extent of the damage, or may point to problems of greater magnitude. Their significance depends on the type of structure and nature of the cracking. This is a review paper that proposes guidelines for crack evaluation and repair of concrete structures. The causes of cracks in concrete are examined along with the principal procedures used for crack control considering both plastic and hardened concrete. The paper presents t

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23

Dhakal, Nirmal, Mohammad Bashar, and Mostafa Elseifi. "Guidelines for Identification of Top-down Cracks (TDC) in In-Service Flexible Pavements." MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927108004.

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The objective of this study was to establish guidelines to identify top-down cracking (TDC) in flexible pavements using digital image analysis and the characteristics of these cracks. Past studies indicated that the time after construction of the pavement and location of the cracks are key parameters to identify top-down cracking. The cracks were reported to appear on the wheel path or at the outer edge of the wheel path typically within 3 to 8 years of construction. In-service pavement sections were selected for analysis based on the parameters identified from the literature and computer-visi

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Kim, Cheol Woong, Dong Joon Oh, Ki Weon Kang, and Young Ho Ko. "Evaluation of Un-Cracking Delamination by Pseudo Crack Model (PCM) in FRMLs." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.689.

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If Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates (FRMLs) were delaminated, the decrease of stiffness and fiber bridging effect would result in the sudden aggravation of fatigue characteristics. It was reported that the delamination of FRMLs resulted from the crack of Al alloy layers and that it depended on the crack growth. When FRMLs with circular holes was un-cracked but was delaminated, it was impossible to analyze them by conventional fracture parameters expressed as the function of cracks. Therefore, a new analytical model called Pseudo Crack Model (PCM) was suggested to compare the delaminations whet

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S.Y., Wee, R. A. @. R. B. Chan, and Teo H.W. "Potential Modeling Of Pavement Deterioration Rate Due To Cracking." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.62.2009.

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Bitumen pavements tend to crack at some point of their life under the combined action of traffic and the environment. These cracks are defects in the pavement surfacing which weakens the pavement and allows water to penetrate and cause further weakening. Once initiated, cracking usually increases in extent, severity and intensity, leading eventually to pavement failure. Cracking has therefore been an important indicator for road pavement maintenance. In view of the extensive road network in Malaysia covering more than 80,000 kilometers in total, the government has to spend huge sums of money o

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26

Zhang, Guo Jun, Yong Bin Jia, and Xi Lin Lu. "Cracking Simulative Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns with ANSYS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.946.

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The principle and processof finite element model of ANSYS software for RC frame column was introduced firstly,and then the cracking and development rules of RC columns under monotonic load were analyzed with ANSYSsoftware. The results show that: with the stirrup ratios increasing, the short columnwith rectangle hoop, rectangle cross brace hoop and tic tac toe stirrups appearsuccessively few inclined cracks and more vertical cracks; with the axialcompression ratio increasing, more length of horizontal cracks extend to naturalaxis, more vertical cracks appear and appeared cracks are higher along

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27

Behnamghader, Aliasghar, Reyhaneh Neghabat Shirazi, Alain Iost, and Denis Najjar. "Surface Cracking and Degradation of Dense Hydroxyapatite through Vickers Microindentation Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.614.

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Surface degradation and cracking of dense hydroxyapatite were evaluated through Vickers micro indentation using indentation loads ranged from 25 gf to 2000 gf. Crack lengths, imprint diameters and the number of lateral cracks and chips were measured using SEM. The crack length-indentation load data were analyzed with regard to the specific relations of Palmqvist and fully developed radial cracks. Crack type transition load from Palmqvist to median crack was experimentally assessed through serial sectioning technique. The analytical estimated transition load, based on the theoretical relation o

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28

Ma, FJ, and AKH Kwan. "Finite element analysis of concrete shrinkage cracks." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 10 (2017): 1454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217746346.

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Shrinkage cracking of concrete has been causing serviceability and durability problems and therefore needs to be carefully analyzed. However, the existing methods of shrinkage crack analysis tend to be rather empirical and often do not agree with each other. For accurate prediction of shrinkage cracks in reinforced concrete structures, a finite element method should be more suitable. Herein, a newly developed finite element method, incorporating a crack queuing algorithm of allowing only one concrete element to crack at a time so as to cater for immediate tension relief upon cracking and enabl

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29

Peng, Zhang. "The Cracking Mechanism and Anti-Cracking Measures for Hydraulic Mass Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.68.

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The article describes and analyzes the process of mass concrete casting and crack problems during the period of construction. The article illustrates the necessity of crack control for mass concrete structures and introduces the present application situation of commercial software used to analyse the temperature field and stress field. Combining the engineering practice, the article sums up the measures to deal with hydraulic mass concrete structure cracks and the application situation of various methods. Then the article puts forward the future research direction to solve the problem of hydra

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Tohgo, Keiichiro, and Nobuhiro Ogai. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Metal Materials." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.447.

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According to laboratory accelerated test data, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in structural metal materials occurs by initiation and coalescence of micro cracks, subcritical crack growth, multiple large crack formation and final failure under the combination of materials, stress and corrosive environment. In this paper, a computer simulation model for the process of SCC has been proposed. The procedure is as follows: The possible number of crack initiations is set for a given space and the initiation times for all cracks are assigned by random numbers based on exponential distribution. The si

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Wahlmann, Benjamin, Dominik Leidel, Matthias Markl, and Carolin Körner. "Numerical Alloy Development for Additive Manufacturing towards Reduced Cracking Susceptibility." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080902.

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In this work, we investigated the viability of established hot cracking models for numerically based development of crack-resistant nickel-base superalloys with a high γ′ volume fraction for additive manufacturing. Four cracking models were implemented, and one alloy designed for reduced cracking susceptibility was deduced based on each cracking criterion. The criteria were modeled using CALPHAD-based Scheil calculations. The alloys were designed using a previously developed multi-criteria optimization tool. The commercial superalloy Mar-M247 was chosen as the reference material. The alloys we

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Zhang, Yuan, and Yang Sheng Zhao. "Thermal Cracking Meso-Characteristic of LuHui Granite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.355.

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Rock macro mechanic character is decided by rock composite and meso configuration. LuHui granite minerals composite, micro configuration and the rock thermal cracking in differ temperature are observed by micro-photometer in meso. LuHui granite is composited by kinds of minerals, and its minerals’ inhomogeneity is visible, the change of cementation among rock crystal grains, dislocation and micro cracking in crystal is produced in crystal grains under temperature. By means of experiment, the development of granite micro cracks and interior configuration, and change laws of micro cracks were ob

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Chotkan, Shaniel, Raymond van der Meij, Wouter Jan Klerk, Phil J. Vardon, and Juan Pablo Aguilar-López. "A Data-Driven Method for Identifying Drought-Induced Crack-Prone Levees Based on Decision Trees." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116820.

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In this paper, we aim to identify factors affecting susceptibility to drought-induced cracking in levees and use them to build a machine learning model that can identify crack-prone levees on a regional scale. By considering the key relationship between the size of cracks and the moisture content, we observed that low moisture contents act as an important driver in the cracking mechanism. In addition, factors which control the deformation at low moisture content were seen to be important. Factors that affect susceptibility to cracking were proposed. These factors are precipitation, evapotransp

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Raza, Hurtig, Asala, Andersson, Svensson, and Ojo. "Influence of Heat Treatments on Heat Affected Zone Cracking of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Additive Manufactured Alloy 718." Metals 9, no. 8 (2019): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080881.

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The weldability of additive manufactured Alloy 718 was investigated in various heat-treated conditions. The microstructure of the base metal was examined in detail in order to understand the effect of different pre-weld heat treatments; i.e., solution, solution and aging, and hot isostatic pressing. After welding, the variation in total crack lengths, maximum crack length and the total number of cracks in the heat affected zone (HAZ) were used as criteria for the cracking susceptibility of each material condition where wrought Alloy 718 was used as the reference material. Selective laser melti

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Bogas, Jose Alexandre, Hawreen Hasan Ahmed, and Tomás Diniz. "Influence of Cracking on the Durability of Reinforced Concrete with Carbon Nanotubes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041672.

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This study focuses on the influence of natural and artificially induced cracks on the durability of concrete reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Pre-cracked concrete mixes, unreinforced or reinforced with 0.1% CNT, are characterized in terms of capillary absorption, carbonation, and chloride penetration resistance, and compared to the uncracked reference concrete. The mechanical strength and durability properties were improved in uncracked CNT-reinforced concrete, without significantly affecting its density and workability. The efficiency of CNT was higher when the concrete was previously

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Izzo, Michael Z., and Marta Miletić. "Desiccation Cracking Behavior of Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Reinforced Cohesive Soils." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071318.

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Desiccation cracking of cohesive soils is the development of cracks on the soil surface as a result of a reduction in water content. The formation of desiccation cracks on the cohesive soil surface has an undesirable impact on the mechanical, hydrological, and physicochemical soil properties. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to experimentally and numerically investigate eco-friendly soil improvement additives and their effect on the desiccation cracking behavior of soils. Improvement of soil crack resistance was experimentally studied by conducting desiccation cracking tests on kaolin

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Layang, Samuel. "CRACKS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM." BALANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 10, no. 1 (2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/balanga.v10i1.3277.

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Cracks in concrete cannot be prevented but the size of the cracks can be controlled. Cracks that occur in concrete are strongly influenced by the nature and characteristics of the concrete constituent materials, especially cement and water. Cracks can occur in the fresh and hard concrete phases. Cracks that occur in concrete can be grouped into two, non-structural cracks and structural cracks. There are several types of non-structural cracks such as crazing, map cracking, plastic cracking due to shrinkage, plastic cracking due to settlement, cracking due to drying shrinkage, cracking due to te

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Lewis, N., D. J. Perry, and M. L. Bunch. "AEM analysis of stress corrosion cracks." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139123.

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Cross-sectional analytical electron microscopy (AEM) was used to study stress corrosion cracking (SCC) cracks in pressurized water in an attempt to understand the mechanism of cracking. AEM is particularly well suited to study the crack tip, the crack sides and the corrosion product inside the crack. These analyses provide clues about the stress (i.e., plasticity), the environment (corrosion product) and material (precipitates/grain boundary composition) which are the key factors controlling SCC. In mis investigation SCC cracks were filled with epoxy, dimpled and ion-milled in argon until elec

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Zhang, Qinghua, and Ziming Xiong. "Crack Detection of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on BOFDA and FBG Sensors." Shock and Vibration 2018 (September 3, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6563537.

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Reinforced concrete structural elements, as an important component of buildings and structures, require inspection for the purposes of crack detection which is an important part of structural health monitoring. Now existing crack detection methods usually use a single technology and can only detect internal or external cracks. In this paper, the authors propose a new sensing system combining BOFDA (Brillouin optical frequency-domain analysis) and FBG (fiber Bragg grating) technology, which are used to detect internal and surface cracks and their development in reinforced concrete structures, a

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Kamei, Khangamlung, and Muhammad A. Khan. "Investigating the Structural Dynamics and Crack Propagation Behavior under Uniform and Non-Uniform Temperature Conditions." Materials 14, no. 22 (2021): 7071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227071.

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The robustness and stability of the system depend on structural integrity. This stability is, however, compromised by aging, wear and tear, overloads, and environmental factors. A study of vibration and fatigue cracking for structural health monitoring is one of the core research areas in recent times. In this paper, the structural dynamics and fatigue crack propagation behavior when subjected to thermal and mechanical loads were studied. It investigates the modal parameters of uncracked and various cracked specimens under uniform and non-uniform temperature conditions. The analytical model wa

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Chen, Song Zhou. "The Application of Fracture Mechanics in Highway Tunnel Lining Cracking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1377.

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Lining cracks of highway tunnel has a very important effect on the healthy operation of the tunnel. Establishing the model for concrete fracture mechanics evaluation, we could identify the tunnel lining cracking situation. By using Linear elastic fracture mechanics method we could calculate the stress field of crack in the lining. Separately by different depth we have calculated crack stress intensity factor. We get that growing rates of variation of stress intensity factor as the crack depths increase. So lining tunnel health operations severely cracked.

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Tang, Chao-Sheng, Bin Shi, Yu-Jun Cui, Chun Liu, and Kai Gu. "Desiccation cracking behavior of polypropylene fiber–reinforced clayey soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 9 (2012): 1088–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-067.

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Improvement of the crack resistance of clayey soils by fiber reinforcement was investigated using initially saturated and fiber-reinforced soil specimens subjected to desiccation. An image-processing technique was used to quantitatively describe the effect of fiber addition on the geometrical and morphological characteristics of crack patterns. The results show that the soil desiccation cracking behavior was significantly influenced by fiber inclusion: the crack resistance was significantly improved and the amount of desiccation cracks was significantly reduced by fiber addition. Generally, th

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Yuan, Junhong, Jingbo Cui, Jianmei Chang, Guanhong Zhang, and Mingxi Liu. "Effect of Alkali Pollutant in Influencing Crack Propagation in Soils." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 11, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690938.

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Shrinkage, deformation, and cracking will occur under extreme climate conditions such as drought, due to the accumulation of salt inside the soil during the evaporation of water on the surface of the soil. In this study, the image processing method was used to quantitatively analyze the dehydration cracking process of clay polluted by alkaline pollutant sodium carbonate on the basis of experiments. The mechanism of the effect of sodium carbonate concentration on the shrinkage cracks of clay was discussed through the analysis and comparison of different concentrations of sodium carbonate sample

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Cong, Shen, Bin Wang, Enpeng Song, Ke Cai, and Tingting Qu. "Analysis of Longitudinal Cracks of Casing in Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery Well." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2519, no. 1 (2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2519/1/012037.

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Abstract This paper investigates cracking failure of the casing tube. There were longitudinal cracks in the heavy oil thermal recovery well occurred in an oil field. The fracture cause of casing was analyzed by macrographic observation, chemical composition analysis, mechanical property test, metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and residual stress calculation. The results showed that the crack of the failed casing originates from the external surface of the pipe and has the characteristic of intergranular propagation. The fracture characteristics are brittle fracture. T

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Wang, Zhen Hong, Guo Xin Zhang, and Shu Ping Yu. "Crack Mechanism, Temperature Control, and Anti-Cracking Measures of Sluice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1217.

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To address the problem of sluice concrete easily cracking during construction, this study introduces the crack mechanism of concrete structures. Temperature differences and constraints are the main causes of cracks. Anti-cracking measures should focus on optimizing concrete mixing ratio and improving construction technology. Using simulation calculation to model the actual construction process and temperature control measures, this study analyzes the causes of crack and selects timely and reasonable temperature control measures, which are necessary links in engineering construction. A three-di

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Sonnenschein, Robert, Juraj Bilčík, and Katarína Gajdošová. "Parameter Analysis of the Reinforcement for the Width and Spacing Control of the Early-Age Cracks in Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.14.

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Early-age volume changes in concrete induced by temperature change, hydration, autogenous and drying shrinkage can lead to concrete cracking and this can have lasting effects on serviceability, durability or aesthetics of the structure. The restraint to thermal movement is the product of the coefficient of the temperature fall from a peak level during cement hydration and a restraint factor. In most cases it is not necessary and also not economical to avoid cracks. In these cases, crack widths are limited due to water tightness, durability or aesthetic reasons. If early-age thermal cracking ca

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Xu, Yaxing, Xin Yao, Yan Zhuang, et al. "The Effects of Fiber Inclusion on the Evolution of Desiccation Cracking in Soil-Cement." Materials 14, no. 17 (2021): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174974.

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Desiccation cracking frequently occurs in mud, clay, and pavement. Understanding the evolution of desiccation cracking may facilitate the development of techniques to mitigate cracking and even prevent it from developing altogether. In this study, experimental investigations were performed focusing on the effects of fibers on the evolution of desiccation cracking in soil-cement. Varied types of fibers (i.e., jute fiber and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA)) and fiber contents (i.e., 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) were involved. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was employed to capture the evolu

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Underwood, John H., Gregory N. Vigilante, Christopher P. Mulligan, and Mark E. Todaro. "Thermomechanically Controlled Erosion in Army Cannons: A Review." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 2 (2006): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2175022.

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Metallographic characterization is presented of thermal damage of Cr-coated steel in a fired cannon; Cr and Ta coated steel in a vented-erosion-simulator; and bulk Si3N4 in laser heating. Common features of rapid crack-induced erosion are noted. (i) Cracks form normal to the surface, often permanently open, indicating tensile stress was present at some point during thermal damage. (ii) Softening of Cr and Ta coatings and Si3N4 occurs near the heated surface, verified by metallography and hot hardness. The transformation of steel beneath the coatings is used as an in-situ verification of temper

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Huang, Y., N. Y. Li, H. W. Zhang, and K. C. Hwang. "Interactive Growth of Multiple Fiber-Bridged Matrix Cracks in Unidirectional Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (1996): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806809.

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A model is developed for monotonic and cyclic fiber sliding in a fiber-reinforced composite containing multiple cracks. The model is used to study the fatigue growth of multiple cracks in a matrix reinforced with aligned, continuous fibers, where cracks are bridged by frictionally constrained fibers. It is established that the crack tip stress intensity factor is significantly reduced in multiple cracking due to interactions among cracks and among slip zones. The fatigue crack does not grow as fast as that for a single bridged crack or for multiple nonbridged cracks, thus the approach to stead

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De Francisco, Unai, Felix Beckmann, Julian Moosmann, Nicolas O. Larrosa, and Matthew J. Peel. "3D characterisation of hydrogen environmentally assisted cracking during static loading of AA7449-T7651." International Journal of Fracture 232, no. 1 (2021): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-021-00595-y.

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AbstractIn this investigation, synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to perform 3D in situ observations of crack initiation and growth during hydrogen environmentally assisted cracking (HEAC) in tensile samples of AA7449-T7651. Two smooth tensile samples with a 1 mm diameter gauge section were held at a fixed displacement ($$\approx 30$$ ≈ 30 % of yield stress) in warm, moist air ($$\approx 76\,^\circ $$ ≈ 76 ∘ C, 73% relative humidity). The samples were then imaged repeatedly using X-ray tomography until they fractured completely. The tomograms showing the nucleation and evolution of int

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