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Godfrey, Elizabeth. "Making gender: technologists and crafters in online makerspaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53621.
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The Maker Movement is a rapidly moving development towards non-traditional education through hands-on creation of technological artifacts, indicating tremendous potential for attracting previously marginalized groups underrepresented in science and technology fields. The movement is compellingly situated as the intersection of an expansive array of interdisciplinary efforts and thus equipped to be leveraged by women and girls who are more likely to originate from artistic and creative backgrounds. Women who make are severely underrepresented in all documented embodiments of the maker movement, including maker media, events, and tangible collaborative spaces. This study explores the possibilities of removing barriers to entry into making for women by converging upon the narrow focus of online makerspaces, engaging with the denizens of the space, and scrutinizing the manner in which they participate in the broader maker community. The timeliness of this probe into women’s personal engagement with science and technology making is indicated by the convergence of discussion surrounding the underrepresentation of women in STEM and approaches to increasing accessibility through making as a natural point of entry.
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Kalma, Anna. "Crafting and connecting: Co-designing technologies with older adult crafters to promote family connections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235480/1/Anna%2BKalma%2BThesis%2B%286%29.pdf.
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This thesis presents research with older adults to design digital technologies that are accessible and support meaningful social connections. In collaboration with older adults who are passionate about fiber crafts like knitting and crochet, this research presents new insights on how to integrate craft and digital technology design. It presents new interaction design methods that harness craft materials and skills and a theoretical framework that illustrates key themes for technology designs that connect older adults with family members and fit with their routines and interests.
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Barnes, Jessica Ruth. "Aspirational Economies of Self and City:The Values and Governance of Independent Crafters in Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408691671.
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Luxande, Vuyokazi. "Assessment of the need for business skills training of crafters at the greater Stellenbosch Development Trust." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3809_1256198129.
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The study dealt with one multi-site craft based poverty alleviation programme at the Greater Stellenbosch Development Trust and aimed to assess the business skills training needs of its participants. A literature review was undertaken which mainly focused on issues such as Poverty, Unemployment, Training, Craft, Skills Development, SMMEs and Gender. It also focused on the link between the above and poverty.
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Tepper, Leslie H. "Hand crafted : creating a market for Canada's Northwest Coast native arts and crafts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31141.
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Museum collections contain examples of Aboriginal Northwest Coast material culture that have been categorised as curios, artefacts, tourist art, arts and crafts, or art. This dissertation examines the emergence of Native Northwest Coast Aboriginal objects made for sale as "arts and crafts". The discussion draws on the multidisciplinary field of material culture studies, on the theories of commodification and on the concept of the reinvention of culture. At the end of the nineteenth century the British Arts and Crafts Movement called for a return to the values and practices of an earlier period of hand crafted objects. For the next half-century in North America government agents, missionaries and philanthropic societies encouraged the production of traditional Aboriginal functional objects as a form of arts and crafts. This activity was perceived as a means of economic self-sufficiency, and to promote feelings of self-identity and self-worth among Native producers. At the onset of World War II. various individuals, private organisations, and government departments worked to transform the producer and the marketplace through education and public policy. Change was to be accomplished by establishing new venues, new expectations of behaviour, and a new social relationship between the supplier and the consumer. Today, a growing number of Native studio crafts people create objects of traditional material culture as a means of livelihood, and as participants in the revitalisation of Northwest Coast Aboriginal society. The term arts and crafts, however, has fallen into disuse and disfavour among Western scholars and Indigenous producers who associate the phrase with poor quality and low income. The term of choice today is art and artist. This work suggests that the production of arts and crafts in British Columbia was an important transition stage in the development of the Native art market. The efforts by private individuals, philanthropic societies and government programs during the mid-20th century raised the value of the hand crafted object. The thesis also suggests that the concept inherent in the Arts and Crafts Movement of "doing good when doing craft", is cyclical, reappearing as strategic policy during times of economic and social crisis on the Northwest Coast.
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Svensson, Jessie. "Crafted Care." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133170.
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Rieskamp, Julie. "The discount shopper, the crafter, the portrait artist." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1334934801.
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Hart, Imogen. "Arts and crafts objects." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434024.
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Pustina, Petter. "Arts & Crafts Laboratory." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135596.
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Summerton, Janet. "Designer crafts practice in context." Thesis, City University London, 1990. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7724/.
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This research attempts to identify patterns of successful independent practice among contemporary visual arts practitioners for the purpose of increasing understanding of the structures of and activity within the visual arts in England. The intention is to draw conclusions regarding how such practice can be facilitated and supported. It looks at a particular kind of practice in the area of design craft, and at the organisations charged with the responsibility for state provision, setting this critique in a context of a historical and social perspective. Much of recent conventional practice in the visual arts is considered to have a narrow view of what constitutes acceptable practice and is based on the gallery-based fine arts model. This model is a dubious base line from which to encourage a healthy range of independentpractice, and is of little use to the practitioners in this study, and others of similar intent. The practitioners encountered in this research might beconsidered applied artists, as they have a need to engage with a public during the processes of conception, creation and selling of their work. The patterns have been documented with the assistance of concepts regarding small business, particularly a subsector called micro business. Micro business has recently been identified to describe a pattern of activity which is not conducted for profit or with goals of expansion. The motivation behind micro business is to maintain self determination.
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Hague, Andrew Christopher. "Towards deeper learning with hand-crafted courseware." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362067.
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Barclay, Christopher H. "Friedel-Crafts chemistry at halogenated surfaces." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301625.
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Davies, Timothy James. "New catalysts for friedel-crafts reactions." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/505.
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Chen, Shuling. "Hydrodynamic behaviour of gliding hydrofoil crafts." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2455/.
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A new type of high-speed craft, called a Gliding-Hydrofoil Craft (GHC), has recently been developed in Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China. This craft is similar to a planing hull but with a hydrofoil in the front part of its body. The fixed hydrofoil improves the seakeeping properties and stability of the craft compared with a conventional planing hull. In addition, the GHC has a more simple structure and higher stability when compared to a hydrofoil craft. Unlike conventional planing hulls and hydrofoil crafts, the study of hydrodynamics of GHC has been overlooked. The present work aims to advance our understanding on hydrodynamics of GHC, both model tests and numerical investigations are presented. To study its hydrodynamic characteristics, model tests are carried out in a towing tank, and the total resistance, trim angle and wetted area of the craft in the cases with different Froude numbers are measured. For the purpose of comparison, model tests have also been carried out for the hull without the hydrofoil. This thesis presents analysis on the experimental data and discusses the effects of the submerged depth and initial attack angle of the hydrofoil on the hydrodynamic features of the GHC. On this basis, the FLUENT software is then adopted to numerically investigate the hydrodynamics of the GHC. The accuracy of the FLUENT addressing this problem is validated by comparing the numerical solutions with the experimental data. The validation cases include 2D hydrofoil in current, Wigley hull with steady forward speed. Good agreement between numerical results and experimental data was obtained. Considering the significance of the turbulence involved in the problem, especially near the hydrofoil, a numerical investigation aiming to find a suitable turbulence model has been carried out. After being validated, 3D numerical simulations on both the planing craft and the GHC in steady flow are considered. The resistance coefficient, pressure coefficient and wave pattern with different Froude number are investigated. Some results are compared with experiment data obtained in the model tests. The wave pattern, velocity field and pressure distribution near the hulls are discussed in detail as well as the influence of the hydrofoil. Finally, the hydrodynamic performance of GHC in unsteady flow is investigated. Three cases were considered: ship berthing, leaving the harbour and turning navigation direction; which are very commonly seen unsteady examples in reality. The preliminary results presented in this thesis have confirmed the significant effects due to the unsteady procedure and imply the need of carrying out unsteady simulations in the future.
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Skeffington, Ian. "Friedel-crafts reactions over various catalysts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682191.
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The work contained in this thesis covers the sulfonylation reaction between toluene and one of methanesulfonic anhydride and methanesulfonyl chloride. The desired products of these reactions are the three isomers (onho. meta and para) of methyl tolyl sulfone and the by-products are methanesulfonic acid, when methanesulfonic anhydride was used as the sulfonylating agent, and hydrogen chloride when methanesulfonyI chloride was the sulfonylating agent. When this reaction was carried out using the traditional Friedel-Crafts catalyst, AlCl) the thermodynamic isomer ratio of 60 % ortlw, 30 % para and 10 % meta was obtained. The aim of this work was to increase the selectivity of the sulfonylation reactions to the para isomer as this was required by the industrial partner (Zeneca) for use in further reactions. The two sulfonylation reactions were carried out over a range of catalysts including Alell , a silica-alumina, a montmorillonite clay and several zeolite catalysts. The main catalyst studied was zeolite Beta as in an empirical test of a range of catalsyts it had given the greatest percentage of para isomer, with a selectivity of 60 per cent obtained under certain conditions. Reaction times, temperatures and stoichiometry were amongst the variables investigated for their role in the reaction. It was found that the reaction had an initial induction period whichever solid-acid catalyst was used, and also that the reaction stopped by twenty four hours, presumably due to catalyst coking. Yields of methyl tolyl sulfone of up to fifty per cent with a selectivity of sixty per cent for the para isomer were obtained using zeolite Beta with some catalysts giving higher yields but correspondingly lower para selectivities. The catalysts were studied using a variety of analytical techniques. The analysis of the catalysts, particularly for a series of well-characterised zeolite Y’s, was compared to the catalysis results and several interesting trends were observed. The Sil Al ratio of catalysts did not have a consistent effect on the yield or selectivity, however the amount of extra› framework aluminium was shown to have a near-linear relationship to the yield. The disproportionate yield in the sulfonylation reaction for zeolite Beta was linked to the ability of zeolite Beta, much investigated recently, to have very mobile aluminiums either in the framework or dislodging from the framework. These act as Lewis acid sites.
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Velarde, Laos Edmundo, and Milka Cajahuanca. "Mecanismos de reacciones de Friedel-Crafts." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100595.
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Krissberg, Alex. "Crafted Architecture, An Investigation into Handcrafted Glass Techniques." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6362.
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This paper is an investigation into the crossroads of traditional and contemporary glass craft techniques. Through innovative methods in the workshop I have set out to bring glass into the public sphere using the potential for handcraft in architecture.
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Pitsillides, Stacey. "Digital death : the materiality of co-crafted legacies." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2017. http://research.gold.ac.uk/22959/.
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Our relationship to death is changing. The prevalence of death and dying online has created new ways of understanding those we have lost. This includes the diversification of aesthetics traditionally associated with mortality. Online environments have provided new opportunities for interacting with the dead, putting the theory of continuing bonds into practice but also creating a data boom that is an overwhelming digital legacy. The question of how we can make meaning from the things left behind will explore the entanglement of people with data, documents, traces, things, collections and archives both online and in our homes. This develops an understanding of materiality that considers the digital as a unique material, incorporating the affordances of digitality into our experiences of personal collections. It uses crafting, narrative and curation to draw these collections together, offering a plurality of experiences and aesthetics. In association with The Hospice of St Francis, this research uses co-design as a methodology for constructing three unique collaborations between the bereaved, a creative practitioner (art therapist or designer) and the collection itself. These collaborations create an emergent process for exploring the qualities of inherited things. The co-design process informs the use of materials and concepts, with the aim of creating meaningful artefacts for exhibiting. The participants are able to steer the overall direction and focus of this practice research from the first session, narrating the collection to the final construction of crafted responses. It follows through into the public exhibition where the use of language, curation and aesthetics are developed collaboratively. This research can be applied to hospices developing a creative and digital agenda, in addition to public engagement through the collaborative exhibition. It also has strong relevance to the fields of art therapy and co-design, bringing them into conversation and sharing methods.
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Evely, R. D. G. "Minoan crafts tools and techniques : an introduction /." Jonsered : Paul Åström, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47104663.html.
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Ahara, Kimberley A. "Marie Zimmermann master of a dozen crafts /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 4.56 Mb., 77 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435852.
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Tsaknaki, Vasiliki. "Making Preciousness : Interaction Design Through Studio Crafts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219765.
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This dissertation explores value-creation in interaction design through practical collaborations with studio craftspersons. A focus is on the meaning of “preciousness” from a design perspective – what I refer to as Making Preciousness – which highlights aspects of material properties, design processes, and the attitude to the design space. Theoretically, the work takes inspiration from the Japanese philosophy of Wabi-Sabi, which is based on the fact that things are impermanent, incomplete, and imperfect. This reflects a view of preciousness beyond notions of practical use, luxury or monetary cost. In addition to theoretical studies, I engaged in practice-based research at the intersection of interaction design and studio crafts, in the domains of leather, silversmith and textile crafting. Through an approach that blends these practices with the making of interactive artefacts, preciousness for interaction design was explored. Through this work, I extract three qualities, all of which are closely linked to attributes and values embedded in the craft practices examined. I refer to these as resourceful composition, material sensuality and the aiming for mattering artefacts. Resourceful composition refers to approaching a design space “resourcefully”, meaning that the designer actively values and uses the specific qualities of materials and tools consciously, for what they are suitable for. Material sensuality is about appreciating the sensory experience of interacting with materials, arriving through particular material qualities, such as texture, temperature or smell, but also interactive qualities. Aiming for mattering artefacts involves actively designing for impermanence, incompleteness and imperfection, and through that contributing to notions of preciousness through use, care, ownership and interaction between users and artefacts over time. The attitude of making preciousness can be seen as tying together materials and making with user experiences of computational artefacts. For interaction design, this points towards making processes in which computation and material knowledge, craftsmanship and aesthetic intentions are placed at the core. These values relate to cultural, but also sensual experiences, which can be seen as under-explored in the design of interactive products.QC 20171213
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Jayne, A. J. "Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions catalysed by solids." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637410.
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The various inorganic solids that may be employed as heterogeneous catalysts in organic reactions are discussed in Chapter 1. In the present climate, heterogeneous catalysts are seen as more environmentally acceptable alternatives to homogeneous Lewis acid type catalysts. Chapter 2 describes the Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatics. Discussion focuses on both the classical and solid catalysed reactions. The study of a pharmaceutical intermediate is described in Chapter 3. The aims of the work described were to develop an efficient and commercially viable process for the production of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-butanone by the acylation of anisole over a suitable heterogeneous catalyst. In Part A of Chapter 4, the acetylation of a range of 1,2-disubstituted aromatics over solids is discussed. Part B describes the use of different anhydrides in the acylation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran over a number of solids to elucidate the generality of the reaction. Investigations show the influence of the solid catalyst and the effective recovery and regeneration of a zeolite catalyst. Finally, the acylation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran with ethyl oxalyl chloride over heterogeneous catalysts is described in Chapter 5. The reaction proved difficult with close consideration given to the reasoning behind the poor performance of the reaction; a good case in point being the amount of material unaccounted for in certain experiments. Investigations led to the isolation and characterisation of what were considered to be likely by-products of the reaction. Efforts were made to reduce the likelihood of such by-products being formed and with further attention, a yield of 73% of the corresponding para acylated product was formed in the presence of zeolite Hβ after 7 days. Having speculated that the difficulties encountered during the study of this reaction may lie with the nature of the acylating agent, the use of mixed anhydrides based on ethyl oxalyl chloride as potential acylating agents was investigated.
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Gillespy, Andrew J. "Integrated design of semi-displacement patrol crafts." Thesis, Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3691.
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CIVINSEarly stage ship design and assessment continues to be a challenge for naval architects and ocean engineers. The complex and multifaceted interactions between the different components of the ship and the broad spectrum of disciplines required in ship design make it difficult to fully realize the effects of any one change on the entire system. The initial design of smaller patrol craft is especially difficult due to the lack of design tools able to deal with ships of small size operating in the semi-planing region. This paper puts forth a method for narrowing the design space for patrol craft design. Using a systems approach, a Patrol Craft Assessment Tool (PCAT) was created and tested to aide designers in the initial design and assessment of patrol craft of 200 ft. PCAT is an open source MATLAB code that incorporates resistance, engine selection, structures, and mission profiles into one design program to aide a designer in optimizing a patrol craft.
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Gomez, Rodrigo Amandi. "Continuous Friedel-Crafts reactions in carbon dioxide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429082.
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Kaur, Jaspalne. "Friedel-Crafts acylation catalysed by heteropoly acids." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272747.
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Denney, Matthew John. "Arts and Crafts furniture and vernacular furniture." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.714467.
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Blincow, Philip John. "The synthesis of unsaturated Friedel - Crafts polymers." Thesis, Kingston University, 1986. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20504/.
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A study has been undertaken to establish whether it is possible to introduce unsaturation into Friedel - Crafts ( F/C) polymers, so that they can be cured free - radically via the unsaturation. It was hoped that the hydrocarbon - only nature of the polymer backbone, and the absence of hydrophilic cure catalysts would produce a material of low water absorption. The introduction of unsaturation has been approached in two ways. The first was to synthesize Friedel - Crafts prepolymers with ethyl side - chains. The side - chains were then tb be chlorinated, and then dehydrochlorinated to produce vinyl unsaturation. The introduction of vinyl unsaturation by this method was concluded to be unsatisfactory, due to the ease of premature crosslinking of the vinyl polymer during dehydrochlorination. The second method of introducing unsaturation was to include an allyl aromatic monomer in a F/C polymerisation. Such allyl F/C prepolymers were successfully prepared, characterised, and crosslinked. The need for a high cure temperature, and the consequent ease of oxidation make the radical cure of the allyl polymers inconvenient. They may be cured at lower temperatures, without oxidation, by cross linking them via a cationic mechanism. A study of the 13 C NMR spectrum of an F/C polymer has yielded new information on the branched structure and on the routes by which the polymer is built from monomer units.
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Müllerström, Malin. "CHECK ME : Reducing Waste Trough Salvage Crafts." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26640.
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Textile waste, both pre and post consumer, is a problem that needs a solution, and fast. This work aims to find a simple solution to that problem, to exemplify how a small change in thinking and structures can make a big difference. The proposal is a design system of square construction, with roots in historical fabric conservancy practices and by use of salvage craft techniques. By constructing garments out of squares, waste is eliminated by simple means and existing materials of different qualities can be cut in the same way, thereby rationalized, then assembled into larger materials and so an up cycling process is achieved. The result of this work is a versatile design system which may lead to many different outcomes in the hands of different designers without compromising on desired fit and without the waste generated from cutting conventionally. In the present fashion field solutions such as this system are necessary to encourage the apprehensive designer to take steps towards sustainable practices.
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Hartigan, Nancy. "A center for arts and crafts: Georgetown." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63976.
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“Two great desires which are in essence the desire to absorb and then desire to emit, the desire to know and the desire to test, the desire to hear and the desire to utter, and the basis not only of a true and effective education, not only are they the wholesome body and the enchanting voice of art, but they are greater then these, for they are the animation of quality of that higher purpose and significance of art that we call poetry”
Lois Sullivan
Crafts are the integration of art and life. They bring together nature and man in the form of a usable object. Architecture may be named the ultimate craft endeavour for through building we create a work of art which is used by man. In the thesis the two disciplines are brought together in the Center for Arts and Crafts. The Center, a complex of structures united by public space acts like the guilds of the early twentieth by providing “a forum for exchange of ideas and theories and [a place for] socializing.” (Cummings, page 25) The craft center offers an opportunity to learn about craft; the use of our minds and hands together. Visitors have the chance to participate with craft through viewing the making process, and making them oneself. The theme for the design becomes “interaction.” Interaction is possible for the neighborhood with those outside and those inside.
Providing public space is essential to encourage interaction. “Space is the principle medium of urbanism - the matrix that units public and private interests in the city, guaranteeing a balance between the two.” (Michael Dennis, Court and Garden, page 2) The making of a public rooms is often neglected in today’s architecture. Where ever these courtyards and piazzas occur, they are active and full of life. The Washington Harbor which neighbors the Incinerator site is a successful example of the desire of people to congregate and their need for socializing. The Arts and Crafts Center becomes a stage, enlivening the structure through activities of the public and their interaction with the inhabitants of the complex. The creation of a space which requires human participation to complete the architecture ensures that we, humanity, and the primary subject or object of architecture.
Architecture is built by human hands for humans to inhabit. It should spark our imagination and encourage our participation. The honest expressions of structure and materials are rare in recent buildings leaving us faced with false images and removed from reality. How can we interact with false truths? In our search for a new reality we can look back to simpler times and apply their principles to our complex world. Nature and our own histories must become our guide on the journey toward meaningful and engaging architecture.Master of Architecture
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Evely, R. D. G. "Minoan crafts tools and techniques, an introduction /." Göteborg : P. Aström, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=7zJoAAAAMAAJ.
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Lopez, Francisco. "Sounds Carefully Crafted: Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Literary Composition." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/112.
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Modern rhetoric takes many influences from the classical era, but aural components of rhetoric are not often included in rhetorical education. This paper examines the techniques used by Dionysius of Halicarnassus in his essay On Literary Composition, where he explored the components of arrangement of words in clauses for greatest impact when read and spoken aloud. Dionysius utilized meter and aesthetic placement of words to create work that was technically skilled and appealing to the listener or reader.
Dionysius built on ideas from rhetoricians of 4th and 5th century BCE Athens for his definition of style. His writing on style is compared with the work of Demosthenes and Aristotle among others.
While many of his techniques and examples are specifically focused on Attic Greek, we can still use the concepts to improve modern written and especially spoken rhetoric. Spoken rhetoric on television and the internet in particular provides a venue to exercise the lessons of precisely planned wording and control of sounds through word placement.
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Holland, Tessa. "Navigating slow, 'fast' and crafted knowledges : knowing through Cittaslow." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4006.
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This thesis argues that a conceptualisation of Slow, ‘fast’ and crafted knowledges provides a new way to think about contextual conflicts of understanding in everyday life. The project was developed with the UK branch of the international network of Slow towns, Cittaslow. It involved working on in-depth qualitative case studies with support from collaborative partners and alongside diverse stakeholders and residents of member towns. Cittaslow represents an attempt to make new accommodation with a changing world, using a vision that incorporates the benefits of modernity while simultaneously valuing the traditional life-skills and human-scale quotidian needs of town residents. Arising from an original proposal which emphasised method, the project evolved to draw in the philosophy of the Slow Movement, re-imagining Slow as an analytical and methodological approach that can be used to critique power relations produced by the dominance of ‘fast’ narratives. The thesis develops a theorisation of Slow and ‘fast’, and interprets knowledges in the light of these understandings. Findings from fieldwork are discussed to shed light on the idea of ‘conflicts of knowing’: where different ways of understanding the world are afforded various degrees of credibility, impacting their potential for agency. The research revealed that some knowledge systems come to dominate and delegitimise others at the expense of local identities and livelihoods – with the potential to also impact environmental and economic factors. The discussion reframes previous analyses of Cittaslow and introduces a craft perspective as an aspect of Slow. This allows an exploration of acts of ‘making’: how research is made; how the field is made; how local knowledges are made; and how Slow identities are made – or sought to be made. It proposes the geographical analogy of navigating (as with a compass) as an alternative to applying a template (as if reading from a map), and suggests these concepts allow new understandings to emerge. Slow, ‘fast’ and crafted knowledges are analytical and conceptual framings that can reveal subtle power dynamics without entrenching superficial differences. Instead they reveal where hidden continuities underlie apparently oppositional categories, and so invite a re-imagining of where mutually beneficial synergies might lie.
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Sarabia, Jose Raul Salas. "Human Crafted : A Vehicle as a Celebration of Humanity." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149736.
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With smart machines taking over each time more tasks, there is a risk of a future without relevant field for human action. In the 19th Century, the Arts and Crafts movement proposed a reaction against the alienation generated by industrial machines. Today, following the spirit of Arts and Crafts, this project intends to pose a reaction against the aesthetics of Artificial Intelligence by embracing human-crafted methods. Furthermore, to tell a complete story of humanizing experiences, the production and use of the vehicle are focused on human interaction; in the first case as a bespoke process and in the second as a vehicle interior that fosters human interaction. With Rolls-Royce Bespoke Design as collaborator for this thesis, the project has been branded after them, taking advantage of the company's hand-crafted approach as a positive value with humanistic potential. The main inspiration consisted of a reinterpretation of traditional artisan methods in order to design a vehicle with novel attributes. In contrast to the common practice of vehicle design where the generation of geometry rules the latter selection of materials and production process, for this project the early inspiration from hand-crafted methods dictated material and form, which could result in limitations during the form finding process, but which could also trigger unexpected results. At the same time, the simulation of the bespoke process with a relevant individual playing the role of the product's user had a major influence on the final outcome. The final result is a vehicle in which the main design focus lies on the interior, although the exterior had to be developed to some extent to provide a frame for development of the inside. The main design contribution is the proposal of structural elements with an aesthetic intention which was dictated by material properties and authenticity. As a story, the project intends to question the increasing presence of Artificial Intelligence and what could be an appropriate scenario for its usage (i.e. autonomous drive algorithms enabling human interaction inside the vehicle). So with the goal of providing humanizing experiences for makers and users of the product, even overlapping the role of makers and users during the bespoke process, the project tells a story of humanization through craftsmanship and dialogue.
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Laouadi, Ornella Laura Nathalie. "Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction catalysed by alginate aerogels." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18622/.
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Alginates are polysaccharides derived from brown algae, available in nearly unlimited amounts at very low prices. In the presence of some divalent metals, these renewable biopolymers can readily form hydrogels, solvogels and aerogels, characterized by high surface areas, good mechanical properties, tolerance to different media, and easy manageability. For these reasons, alginates are nowadays being thoroughly studied in heterogeneous catalysis; several applications in supported metal catalysis and as heterogeneous Brønsted acids have emerged. However, none of these studies has given an answer to the following intriguing question: can we use the intrinsic chirality of alginates to induce enantioselectivity in a chemical reaction? In order to answer this question a representative reaction, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of nitroalkenes with indoles, was tested in this master thesis. This study, which involved a large screening of a variety of alginate gels under different reaction conditions, showed that Cu2+ and Ba2+ are the best cross-linking metals to promote the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Indeed, good activity with moderate enantiomeric excesses were obtained under the optimized reaction conditions. Furthermore, these two metals allowed the access to both enantiomers of the products, an important aspect given that only one enantiomeric form of alginates is available. Finally, the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis by one of the two gels was proved, and a good recyclability was demonstrated, by showing that the same catalyst can be used at least five times with similar results.
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Chow, Wan-king Janice. "Urban villa for Chinese folk arts and crafts." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31986390.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002.Includes 1 technical study and 1 special report. Content page of thesis report missing. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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周韻琼 and Wan-king Janice Chow. "Urban villa for Chinese folk arts and crafts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986390.
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Kybett, Adrian Peter. "Friedel-Crafts and oxidation catalysis using supported reagents." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328029.
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Rastogi, A. K. "The study of Friedel-Crafts type reaction mechanisms." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377344.
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LIMA, MARCELA FONSECA. "CRAFTS AND DESIGN: THE EFFECTS OF AN ENCOUNTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30235@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O artesanato é praticado por uma grande parcela da população brasileira e desempenha importante papel ao promover a inclusão social por meio da geração de renda e também pelo resgate de valores culturais e regionais. Apesar de sua importância, essa atividade ainda é vista frequentemente com preconceito no país ao ser relacionado a uma feitura rudimentar, desprovida de sofisticação - um preconceito ao trabalho manual, que está enraizado em nossa cultura. A partir, principalmente, da década de 1990, iniciou-se um esforço de designers para promover a revitalização e valorização do artesanato, por meio de atividades como a preservação de técnicas produtivas e a incorporação de novos elementos formais e/ou técnicos aos objetos artesanais. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar os efeitos do encontro entre artesanato e design, por meio de dois estudos de casos: o Criqué Caiçara, em São Paulo, e o Gente de Fibra, em Minas Gerais. Buscou-se assim problematizar o papel desempenhado pelo artesão e pelo designer e suas inter-relações e refletir sobre a delicadeza desse encontro.
Craftsmanship is practiced by a large part of the Brazilian population and the activity plays an important role in the promotion of social inclusion through income generation and also by the recovering of cultural and regional values. Despite its importance, crafts are still often seen with prejudice in the country. It is being related to a rudimentary work, devoid of sophistication - a prejudice to manual labor, which is rooted in our culture. Since the 1990s, an effort has been initiated by designers to promote the revitalization and valorization of handicrafts, with activities like the preservation of productive techniques and the incorporation of new formal and/or technical elements to local craft. The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of the encounter between crafts and design, through two case studies: the Criqué Caiçara, in São Paulo, and Gente de Fibra, in Minas Gerais. It was sought to problematize the role played by the craftsman, the designer and their interrelationship and also to reflect on the delicacy of this encounter.
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Stevens, I., and Munro A. Allan. "Inventing the ‘vernacular’: Cases in South African crafts." Universit y of South Africa Press, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001853.
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Abstract
This article investigates the notion of the
‘contemporary vernacular’ in the visual arts and
how this is invented or developed in response
to certain national imperatives, as delineated
in Hobsbawm & Ranger (1983), Fine (2004)
and Bowe (1993). It then examines the sociopolitical
factors that give rise to the need for the
invention of the ‘contemporary vernacular’ and
the characteristics of such ‘vernacular’ arts,
and clarifies this theoretical explanation briefly
in relation to two historical examples, viz. the
Russian matrioshka doll and the products
of Morris & Co., the Victorian craft company
belonging to William Morris. It then examines
three examples of contemporary South African
crafts, namely Ardmore Ceramic Art, Kaross
embroideries and the Mapula project. The
works produced by these initiatives show
stylistic characteristics that reveal a developing
South African ‘contemporary vernacular’ and,
furthermore, in their modes of production,
correlate with the social, political and economic
characteristics of ‘vernacular’ arts in a number
of countries.
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Sawazaki, David Tatsuo Atique. "Funcionalização de grafite em condições de Friedel-Crafts." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59138/tde-28112013-151124/.
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Neste trabalho foi realizada a funcionalização de grafite sem prévio tratamento em condições de Fridel-Crafts. Considerando que a grafite não possui hidrogênio em sua estrutura, não se observa uma reação de substituição eletrofílica. Por outro lado, o trabalho mostra o papel da umidade presente no grafite na reação de funcionalização. Dessa forma, foi proposto um mecanismo para a reação com a participação da água adsorvida na grafite estabilizando o carbocátion formado. O grafite funcionalizado obtido na reação foi utilizado como material eletródico. Para a reação de funcionalização, quatro moléculas foram utilizadas: ácido ferrocenomonocarboxílico, cloreto de 4-nitrobenzoíla, cloreto de 3,5-dinitrobenzoíla e ácido 3,4-dinitrobenzóico. Para o estudo das condições ótimas da reação, utilizou-se diferentes potências de radiação no reator de micro-ondas, sendo que a extensão da funcionalização mostrou-se sensível à variação deste parâmetro. Para a caracterização dos materiais, utilizou-se voltametria cíclica e análise térmica (TG e DTA). Resultados de infravermelho e Ramam são apresentados no Apêndice A. Os resultados eletroquímicos mostraram que os materiais funcionalizados em maiores potências apresentaram maior corrente Faradaica, mas ao mesmo tempo, o material obtido foi mais resistivo. A diferença de potencial relacionada ao processo redox do ferroceno aumentou conforme a extensão da funcionalização, uma vez que um sobrepotencial é necessário devido ao fluxo iônico (para a manutenção da eletroneutralidade) relativo ao número de espécies envolvidas. Os resultados eletroquímicos também indicaram que a funcionalização do grafite com os nitro compostos foi baixa. A análise térmica evidenciou que a reação de funcionalização do grafite com o ferroceno resultou em materiais com 15% a 20% (m/m) de material ligado ao grafite. Os materiais funcionalizados a maiores potências apresentaram maior massa ligada ao grafite. A funcionalização com os nitro compostos resultou em materiais com menos de 3% (m/m) de composto ligado ao grafite. Os resultados das duas técnicas mostraram coerência na análise da extensão da funcionalização. O material funcionalizado com o ácido ferrocenomonocarboxilico foi o que apresentou os melhores resultados e propõe-se uma explicação para tal baseado no mecanismo de reação sugerido. Com o objetivo de melhor elucidar o mecanismo da reação, foram realizadas algumas reações na ausência de alguns reagentes. Por exemplo, quando tenta-se funcionalizar o material sem a presença de cloreto de alumínio ou sem a umidade natural do grafite, a reação não ocorre.In this work natural graphite functionalization in Fridel-Crafts conditions is performed using a one-step microwave assisted reaction. Since there is no hydrogen in graphite structure, it is not possible to observe electrophilic substitution. On the other hand this work shows the role of the moisture present on graphite in the functionalization reaction under this condition. Therefore, a reaction mechanism with the participation of the water naturally adsorbed on graphite stabilizing the formed carbocation has been suggested. After the reaction, the functionalized graphite was used as electrode material. Four molecules were used to functionalize graphite: Ferrocene monocarboxylic acid, 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride, 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and 3,4-dinitrobenzoic acid. To study the optimal conditions of the reaction, the microwave radiation power was varied and the extent of the functionalization on graphite was sensitive to this parameter. Two techniques were used to characterize the materials, cyclic voltammetry and thermal analysis (TG and DTA). IR and Raman data are shown in appendix A. Electrochemical results have shown that the materials functionalized at higher microwave radiation power have higher Faradaic current, but are more resistive. The potential difference between the peaks of the redox process of ferrocene increased with the extent of functionalization. This occurs because an overpotencial is needed to compensate the ionic flux (in order to maintain the electroneutrality) related to the number of species involved. The electrochemical results also indicated that the extent of functionalization of graphite with the nitro compounds was low. The thermal analysis have shown that the functionalization of graphite with ferrocene lead to values between 15% to 20% (m/m) of compound in the material. The materials functionalized at higher microwave radiation power presented higher relative mass in the material. The reaction with the nitro compounds lead to less than 3% (m/m) of compound in the final material. The results of both techniques were coherent about the extent of functionalization. The material functionalized with ferrocene monocarboxylic acid showed the best results, and an explanation for that based on the reaction mechanism is suggested. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism, some experiments were realized in absent of some reagents. When the reaction were carried out without aluminum chloride or with dried graphite, the reaction has not occurred.
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Fisher, Jennifer Ann. "Bismuth Triflate Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Acylations of Sydnones." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1133799578.
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Ekström, Victor. "Semi-active suspension seats in High speed crafts." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265586.
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The working environment of a high-speed-craft (HSC) can be uncomfortable and hazardous for the crew and passengers on board. This due to the repeated exposure to high levels of vibration and shocks, that can lead to reduced performance and severe injuries to the back and neck. The most common method to reduce the vibration and shock exposure (to the crew) has been to install passive suspension seats. The passive suspension seats have proved to reduce the vibration and shock exposure to the crew aboard HSC’s, by the measures presented in the international standards SS-ISO 2631-5 and SS-ISO 2631-1. The applicability of these measures towards HSC has been debated for a long time, especially the limit values presented in them for maximum vibration and shock exposure. Also, the limit values that are set are often quickly exceeded despite the use of passive suspension seats. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possible improvement of reduction of vibrations and shocks by the use of some sort of actively controlled suspension, and to identify what measures are best suited for comparing passive suspension seats with actively controlled suspension seats. A study is conducted where several different measures are evaluated. The measures aim at capturing vibrations and shock aboard HSC’s, the effect they have on the human body from long time exposure and immediate exposure. A semi-active suspension system is chosen as the most suitable suspension system and is compared to a passive system by using several measures that are best suited for evaluating the risks of injuries associated with shocks and vibrations. The semi-active suspension is simulated using Matlab Simulink, where the control method of continuous skyhook control is used for achieving the most efficient damping. Different mechanical set ups for semi-active damping is investigated in order to obtain limitations for the simulation program. The simulation program has seat base acceleration data as the input, and the seat acceleration, that migrate to the human body, as the output. The seat acceleration data of the semi-active seat is compared to recorded and simulated seat acceleration data of passive seats. The result of the comparison is evaluated with the measures presented in ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-5, BS 1987, and measures that are currently under development. The results show that a semi-active system is more superior than a passive system, but at the cost of a higher travelling distance.Arbetsmiljön hos ett höghastighetsfartyg (HSC) kan vara obekväm och farlig för besättningen och passagerarna ombord. Detta beror på den upprepade exponeringen för höga vibrationer och stötar som kan leda till minskad prestanda och kraftiga skador hos rygg och nacke. Den vanligaste metoden för att minska vibration och stöt exponering för besättningen har varit att installera passiva stötdämpande stolar. De passiva stötdämpande stolarna har visat att de minskar vibrations och stötexponeringen för besättningen ombord på HSC, enligt de mätningsmetoder som presenteras i de internationella standarderna SS-ISO 2631-5 och SS-ISO 2631-1. Användbarheten av dessa mätmetoder mot HSC har diskuterats under lång tid, särskilt de gränsvärden som presenteras för den maximala vibration och stötexponering. Gränsvärdena överskrids ofta snabbt även med användning passiva stötdämpande stolar. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka en möjlig förbättrad reducering av vibrationer och stötar genom användning av någon form av aktivt kontrollerade stötdämpande stolar och bestämma vilka mätmetoder som är bäst lämpade för att jämföra passiva stötdämpande stolar med aktivt kontrollerade stötdämpande stolar. En studie genomförs där flera olika mätningsmetoder utvärderas. Mätningsmetoderna syftar till att fånga accelerationerna ombord på HSC och effekten på människokroppen till följd av långvarig exponering och omedelbar exponering av vibrationer och stötar. Ett semi-aktivt fjädringssystem väljs som det mest lämpliga fjädringssystemet och jämförs med ett passivt system genom att använda flera mätmetoder som är bäst lämpade för att utvärdera riskerna för skador i samband med stötar och vibrationer. De semi-aktiva stötdämpande stolarna simuleras med Matlab Simulink där kontrollmetoden Skyhook kontroll används för att uppnå den mest effektiva dämpningen. Olika tekniker för halvaktiv dämpning undersöks för att få begränsningar för simuleringsprogrammet. Simuleringsprogrammet har accelerationssignaler som inmatning och de reducerade vibrationerna som utmatning, vilket jämfördes med uppmätta och simulerade data för passiva stötdämpande stolar. Resultatet utvärderas med användning av flera mätvärden presenterade i ISO 2631-1, ISO 2631-5 och mätvärden som är under utveckling. Resultaten visar att det semi-aktiva systemet är mer effektivt än ett passivt system, men till kostnad av att stolen förflyttar sig mera under sjögång.
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Hofmann, Matthias. "Säurefreie Friedel-Crafts Chemie in wässrigen und alkoholischen Lösungsmitteln." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-49817.
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Aribert, Nicolas. "Acylation hétérogène de Friedel-Crafts en milieu CO2 supercritique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16222/1/aribert.pdf.
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L’acylation de Friedel-Crafts est parmi les réactions les plus fondamentales et les plus utiles pour former des cétones aromatiques. Bien que la mise en oeuvre de ces réactions soit habituellement pénalisante en termes de sous produits formés, de rendement atomique et de quantité de catalyseur utilisée, cette voie est encore largement utilisée dans l’industrie de la chimie fine. Ces dernières années, la prise de conscience de l’impact des activités industrielles sur l’environnement a mené les chimistes à travailler sur de nouvelles voies, moins dangereuses et plus respectueuses de l’environnement.Nous avons considéré ici l’acylation d’un dérivé du benzofurane par un chlorure d’acyle, correspondant à une étape intermédiaire pour la fabrication d’un principe actif pharmaceutique. Dans cette étude, la première proposition a consisté à remplacer les catalyseurs classiques (FeCl3 ou AlCl3) par des catalyseurs solides réutilisables. Dans ce travail, plusieurs catalyseurs (zéolites, résines échangeuses d’ions...) ont d’abord été testés dans des conditions « conventionnelles » , c’est-à-dire en utilisant un solvant organique, afin de déterminer le plus performant, en termes de réactivité, de durée de vie et de réutilisabilité. Une zéolite Y s’est avéré la plus adaptée. Cependant, l’utilisation d’un solvant organique (ici le 1,2-dichlorobenzène) reste discutable et l’utilisation du CO2 supercritique comme solvant a donc été envisagée. Pour cela, nous avons imaginé et dimensionné un réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe de catalyseur fonctionnant sous pression et en continu. Les résultats présentés montrent la faisabilité d’un tel procédé et pose les jalons pour arriver à une ou des solutions pour une meilleure mise en oeuvre industrielle des réactions de Friedel-Crafts.
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Wright, Christopher Wellman. "The Arts and Crafts aesthetic in a contemporary setting /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11547.
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Morel, Pauline. "Rag bags: Textile crafts in Canadian fiction since 1980." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32559.
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The very impetus of this study — to examine the representations of craft in literature — defies the functional binaries so long attributed to art and craft. This study examines the literary formulations of textile crafts and their makers in Canadian works of fiction at the turn of the twenty-first century. Included are three Canadian novels published after 1990: Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace (1996), Austin Clarke's The Polished Hoe (2002) and Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance (1995). Through close analysis of these patchwork novels, I suggest ways of reading quilts and other textile crafts as a recontextualization of the forms of the past (through the workings of displacement and parody) in Canadian literature. Chapter One proposes theoretical reconceptualizations of crafts culminating in the 1990s and establishes three paradigms that structure my analysis in each of the chapters: the relations of textile crafts with (a) narrative, (b) trickery, and (c) a dehierarchical and plural aesthetic. In the subsequent chapters, each one dealing with a single novel, I explore the reassembled quality of the narratives and variations of the spider-weaver archetypes they represent, both of which I consider fundamental to the patchwork novel. In Chapter Two, I posit the patchwork quilt in Atwood's Alias Grace as a model for the processes of recollection and fragmentation involved in historiographic metafiction. Chapter Three establishes the crafted object in Clarke's The Polished Hoe as a site of struggle and an embodiment of the collective and composite nature of heritage in the neoslave narrative. Chapter Four focuses on the way the "sordid quiltings" (379) of Mistry's A Fine BCette étude contribue à remettre en question la célèbre dichotomie entre l'art et l'artisanat en se penchant sur les représentations de l'artisanat dans la littérature. Plus spécifiquement, cette étude vise à explorer les représentations de l'artisanat textile et de la figure de l'artisan dans le roman canadien au tournant du vingt-et-unième siècle, à travers trois romans publiés après 1990 : Alias Grace (1996) de Margaret Atwood, The Polished Hoe (2002) d'Austin Clarke et A Fine Balance (1995) de Rohinton Mistry. Une analyse de ces trois romans-patchwork et du rapiéçage qui en informe leur structure et leur contenu nous révèle une nouvelle façon de conceptualiser l'artisanat tout en remettant en contexte des formes traditionnelles du passé (tels que tissage, tressage, couture) dans la littérature canadienne contemporaine. Le premier chapitre, explorant les théories transdisciplinaires autour de l'artisanat apparues vers 1970 et atteignant leur apogée dans les années 1990, propose trois paradigmes structurant mon analyse dans chacun des chapitres, à savoir, les relations entre l'artisanat textile et (a) le récit, (b) la ruse, et (c) la transformation et la pluralité. Chacun des chapitres suivants explore les récits rapiécés et les variations autour de la figure mythique du (de la) fileur(euse) rusé(e) (la figure du « trickster » dans le mythe nord-américain) qui constituent un ensemble caractéristique du roman patchwork. Le deuxième chapitre propose le patchwork présent dans Alias Grace comme un modèle de processus de récupération et de fragmentation propre au roman historique (ou ce que Linda Hutcheon nomme « historiographic m
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Crehan, Gabriel. "Friedel-crafts catalysis with zeolites and solid solvent effects." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367807.
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Burguin, Emilie. "Zirconia based solid acids for Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420266.
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Landon, Philip. "Novel heterogeneous catalysts for oxidations and Friedel-Crafts reactions." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358154.
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