Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Craie – Fluage – Modèles mathématiques'
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Xie, Shouyi. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique d'une roche poreuse." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Xie.pdf.
Full textShao, Jianfu. "Etude du comportement d'une craie blanche très poreuse et modélisation." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10125.
Full textPecqueur, Guillaume. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement d'une craie et d'un grès en torsion." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10189.
Full textDéchoux, Véronique. "Utilisation du fluage dans une modélisation du manteau sub océanique." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10331.
Full textBerthollet, Amandine. "Contribution à la modélisation du béton vis-à-vis du vieillissement et de la durabilité : interaction des déformations de fluage et du comportement non-linéaire du matériau." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0051/these.pdf.
Full textConcrete structures can be exhibit a growth of the cracking state during aging. This pathology is inherent in the mechanical interaction between creep strains and non-linear behavior of the material. To understand this process, both tertiary creep kinetic and cracking characteristics are studied considering both the rate effect affected the concrete behavior and, the intrinsic or minimal strength of the material which, is reached at low loading rate. This thesis proposes a modeling for this interaction by way of a viscoelastic - viscoplastic rheological law based on DUVAUT- LIONS schema. A viscoelasticity- plasticity coupling and the introduction of the intrinsic strength as a fundamental parameter, bring the key idea of the modeling. Then, compressive, tensile and bending experimental tests are compared with numerical results to validate the constitutive relations and prove the performance of the model to reproduce the tertiary creep kinetic and the time - dependant crack evolution
Lagardère, Émeric. "Comportement au fluage de structures sandwich thermoplastiques." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10156.
Full textThis work aims at investigating the creep behaviour of commingled yarn glass/polypropylene unidirectional and cross-ply composites and at predicting the long term behaviour (creep deformation and failure) of tubular industrial parts made of a peculiar sandwich structure (association of a glass/polypropylene composite core with two neat polypropylene skins) and manufactured by the extrusion-winding process. Two ways have been considered to reach this goal, both based on the well-established laminate theory. The first approach takes into account the linear viscoelastic behaviour of the skin and core materials. It has required the determination of the materials creep moduli and life curves over a quite long period of 6 months to one year. The second one is based on modelling the creep strain of the different sandwich layers. Short-term creep or creep-recovery tests (over 1 to 5 days) have allowed the identification of the parameters of various models describing the linear or non-linear viscoelastic and/or viscoplastic creep behaviours: Burgers (linear viscoelasticity + viscoplasticity), Findley (non-linear viscoelasticity), Shapery (non-linear viscoelasticity) coupled to Zapas-Crissman (viscoplasticity). The consistency and application range of both approaches have been experimentally validated on prototype industrial parts for some loading cases (internal hydraulic pressure without end effects) close to in-service conditions
Chatel, Thibaud. "Fluage et recouvrance d'empreintes et de sillons sur surface de polymère." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6206.
Full textThe indentation test permits to characterize the mechanical properties of materials surfaces. An innovative experimental approach is proposed here to study the viscoelasticity of a polymer during an indentation test. This test permits to apply an indenter on the surface of a material under a constant applied load. The transparency of the sample allows the in-situ observation of the evolution of the true contact as a function of time. This is the creep phase. After a holding time, it is possible to observe the healing of the residual imprint as a function of time. This is the recovery phase. The spherical probe is chosen and the polymer is PMMA. The results show that it is necessary to study the recovery of the residual imprint to conclude on the linearity or non-linearity of the material behavior. Numerical modeling of viscoelastic behavior of PMMA can get more information. The identification process based on the generalized Maxwell model is made from relaxation tests. The description of the strain fields indicate that the onset of permanent strain is correlated to the positioning of the strain level at the interface sphere / material. The second part of the work involves the return of viscoelastic groove obtained during a scratch test. The influence of interfacial friction, the strain applied and the strain rate are investigated. All these results suggest ways to identify the properties responsible for the healing surfaces
Homand, Stéphane. "Comportement mécanique d'une craie très poreuse avec prise en compte de l'effet de l'eau : de l'expérience à la simulation." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10081.
Full textAl, Jarbouh Ali. "Applications de la dérivation fractionnaire à la modélisation du comportement des matériaux viscoélastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10098.
Full textFournier, Benjamin. "Fatigue-fluage des aciers martensitiques à 9-12 % de chrome : comportement et endommagement." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1473.
Full text9-12%Cr martensitic steels are studied in the framework of the generation IV nuclear reactors. Most of the structural components for which these still may be used will be subjected to high temperature (550∞C) creep-fatigue loadings. The PhD was focused on the understanding and modeling of the cyclic stress-strain behaviour and of the damage mechanisms. The models finally proposed are based on detailed observations carried out on SEM, TEM and EBSD. The cyclic softening effect of these steels is attributed to the coarsening of their microstructure. A micromechanical model based on physical parameters is proposed and leads to encouraging results. The observed damage results from the interactions between creep, fatigue and oxidation. Two main types of damage are observed and explained. A lifetime prediction model is proposed and gives very good results. Possible extrapolations of the present results and models are discussed
Naghi, Fadi El. "Contribution à l'étude de la pollution par micropolluants (atrazine, benzène) de la nappe de la craie dans le nord de la France : évaluation du risque de pollution des captages d'eau potable d'Étaples et de Blendecques (Pas de Calais)." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_276.pdf.
Full textA partir des résultats précédents et les caractéristiques du site d'Etaples qui présente une contamination en atrazine par utilisation plutôt urbaine qu'agricole, on a estimé les quantités probablement utilisées en se basant sur l'avis des experts ainsi que sur la bibliographie. Un modèle du bassin versant d'Etaples a ainsi été créé. En raison des limites du logiciel MODFLOW qui ne traite pas des problèmes de migration des pesticides, une approche inverse des phénomènes a été utilisée. Il parait de cette recherche que les modèles hydrodynamiques de nappe sont insuffisants pour simuler correctement le comportement de l 'atrazine dans son cheminement du sol vers la nappe, puis au sein de la nappe. Par approches numériques mettant en jeu une modélisation par Réseau de Neurones Artificielles (RNA) puis par correction graphique des résultats, on a pu mettre en évidence le phénomène de dégradation d'une grande partie de l'atrazine épandue, puis l'entraÎnement par lessivage en des pomts singuliers d'infiltration. La migration est donc rapide par cheminement dans le réseau de fissures de la craie à l'occasion de saturation temporaire de celui-ci. D'autre part, une étude de vulnérabilité de la nappe de la craie du bassin versant de l'Aa (Audomarois) est proposée pour des pollutions ponctuelles par un micropolluant type hydrocarbure (le Benzène), dans le but d 'aboutir à une optimisation de la protection des captages du SIDEN France et de la communaUlé d 'agglomération de Sain/-Omer à Blendecques
Giroux, Pierre-François. "Experimental study and simulation of cyclic softening of tempered martensite ferritic steels." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0087.
Full textThe present work focuses on the high temperature mechanical behaviour of 9%Cr tempered martensite steels, considered as potential candidates for structural components in future Generation IV nuclear power plants. Already used for energy production in fossil power plants, they are sensitive to softening during high-temperature cycling and creep-fatigue. This phenomenon is coupled to a pronounced microstructural degradation: vanishing of subgrain boundaries, decrease in dislocation density, nucleation and/or growth of precipitates and new phases. This study aims at (i) linking the macroscopic cyclic softening of 9%Cr steels and their microstructural evolution during cycling and (ii) proposing a physically-based modelling of deformation mechanisms in order to predict the macroscopic mechanical behaviour of these steels during cycling. Mechanical study including uniaxial tensile tests and cycling at 550 °C was performed on a Grade 92 steel (9Cr-0,5Mo-1,8W-V-Nb). Examination of tensile specimens suggested that the physical mechanism responsible for softening is mainly the evolution of mean subgrain size, which increases by more than 15 % compared to the as-received state. The evolution of macroscopic stress during cycling shows that cyclic softening is due to the decrease in kinematic hardening. TEM observations highlighted that the mean subgrain size increases by 65 to 95 % while the dislocation density decreases by more than 50 % during cycling, compared to the as-received state. A self-consistent homogenization model based on polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity, predicting the mechanical behaviour of the material and its microstructural evolution during deformation is proposed. This model takes the physical deformation mechanisms into account and only two adjustable parameters (activation energy and activation volume) linked to the viscoplastic deformation mechanisms are used. The value of other parameters were either experimentally measured or deduced from computations available in literature. The model correctly predicts the macroscopic softening behaviour and gives a good trend of the microstructural evolution during cycling. The parametrical study shows that the predictions of the model are rather stable with respect to the variation of the physically-based parameters. Finally, some hypotheses which permit us to improve the model are presented and torsion tests (with or without constant superimposed tensile stress) are modeled
Farizy, Gaëlle. "Mécanisme de fluage sous air de composites SiCf-SiBC à matrice auto-cicatrisante." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2035.
Full textPriser, Mathieu. "Analyses multi-échelles du comportement en fluage d'alliages de zirconium." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642008.
Full textMunoz, Philippe. "Rhéologie des bétons durcis : approche couplée de la modélisation des retraits et fluages de bétons à hautes et très hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0004.
Full textMamoud, Fady. "Modélisation de l'élasticité et du fluage des empilements gravitaires de sphères creuses métalliques brasées." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0056.
Full textThis thesis was about studying a cellular material intended to combine mechanical and acoustical properties in order to be used to reduce aircraft engines noise. The study focused on elasticity and creep of cellular materials based on gravity-driven packings of brazed metallic hollow spheres. The approach was, at first, to numerically generate and characterize experimental-like gravity-driven packings. Then, in order to enable us to simulate the mechanical behaviour of these materials, a simplified calculation model based on shell finite elements has been set-up. This model allowed us to numerically characterize the elastic properties of this kind of but could not be used to simulate the creep behaviour of the packings. We thus studied the creep behaviour of some model structures to assess the difference between these materials and metal foams behaviour. This study has shown that, unlike foams, hollow spheres based materials almost never display a steady creep state
Wang, Hua-Qing. "Modélisation des transferts de masse en milieu saturé à double porosité : application aux écoulements convergents en craie fissurée semi-confinée et multicouche." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112298.
Full textTchamba, Thiery Wilson. "Caractérisation numérique d'une jauge biaxiale dans un champ de glace." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28719/28719.pdf.
Full textLafrance, Noémie. "Étude des effets de l’eau sur les phénomènes de rupture et de déformation affectant les carrières souterraines de craie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0059/document.
Full textThe risk of instability of underground structures (natural or anthropogenic) involves over 10 000 towns in France. The accidents due to the sudden collapse of underground quarries are among the most destructive, both humanly and materially. The evolution of possible instabilities, since the issues are significant, implies to enrich current knowledge to predict their extent and their impact on the surface. Previous work has demonstrated the importance of the hydro-mechanical coupling in the diagnosis of stability. The complexity of the chalk-water interaction phenomenon is due to many environmental factors and sensitivity to each factor depends entirely on the chalk considered. The main objective of this thesis is to study the influence of water and water-rock interaction on the mechanical behaviour of three chalks as part of a multi-scale and multi-physics approach. The study of physical and mechanical characteristics of chalks from three underground quarries situated in the Parisian Basin, and their interaction with water was carried out. The results obtained through short-term hydro-mechanical tests remain consistent with the literature. The "ageing" of chalk from the underground quarries subjected to fluctuations in the water table has been proven and characterized. It is expressed, based on the chalk considered, by a change in the shape and size of crystals in the microstructure involving improved mechanical properties at the edge of the pillar to the detriment of the heart, or by the presence of traces of dissolution whose frequency increases as one moves from the heart, or by increasing the number of microcracks in the heart causing a decrease in the properties of the chalk. The study of the long-term behaviour of each chalk was developed through uniaxial creep tests with controlled humidity and waterlogging. It was established among other things that creep depends on the mineralogy / microstructure and the deviatoric stress-humidity couple but not on the loading history. The mechanisms believed to be the origin of creep deformations are of a physico-mechanical nature and involve the breaking and the restoring of electrostatic bonds between grains. The interpretation of all the tests carried out allowed to quantify the importance of the relative contributions of various parameters on the long-term behaviour. The long-term goal remains to power both the expertise and the model calculations so that one can predict the impact of a particular variation of the groundwater level on the long-term stability of chalk underground quarries. A rheological model has been developed in this direction within the INERIS (Souley et al. 2016)
Bal, Lyes. "Modélisation du retrait et du fluage du béton par réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10112/document.
Full textConcrete is the material the most used in construction works for a century. After establishment and setting, various physical and mechanical dimensional developments. Occur drying is developing with hardening of concrete and leads to significant dimensional changes, that can induce cracking, pre judiciable at the durability of the civil engineering works. This study aims to demonstrate the application of a nonparametric approach called Artificial Neural Networks to provide effective spontaneous and differed dimensional variations (drying shrinkage and drying creep). Using this approach allows the development of predicting models. These models use a multi layer back propagation. They also rely on a very large database of experimental results obtained in the literature and an appropriate choice of architectures and learning process. These models take into account the different parameters of preservation and making that affect drying shrinkage and creep of concrete. To appreciate the validity of our models, we have compared with other existing models : B3, ACI 209, CEB and GL2000. In these comparisons, it appears that our models are correctly adapted to describe the time evolution of drying shrinkage and creep
Reali, Riccardo. "Modeling creep of lower mantle minerals : bridgmanite and (Mg,Fe)O." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R026/document.
Full textThis thesis work addresses the deformation behavior of two major mineral phases of the Earth’s lower mantle: bridgmanite and (Mg, Fe)O. They constitute ~90-95% of the lower mantle and their rheology is of primary importance for a better understanding of mantle convection. The rheological properties of these phases were modeled through the implementation of numerical and analytical techniques, in order to assess their creep behavior (i.e. steady-state deformation under a constant applied stress).The relevant deformation agents driving creep are identified and then modeled at the single crystal scale. In this framework, dislocations are amongst the main carriers of crystal plasticity and the creep behavior of the considered minerals can therefore be assessed by considering dislocation glide and diffusion-driven dislocation climb. (Mg,Fe)O creep is driven by the interplay between glide and climb and in order to model it, a 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) dislocation dynamics (DD) approach has been deployed. 2.5D-DD is a numerical technique which addresses the collective behavior of dislocations at the mesoscale. It is demonstrated that dislocation glide is responsible for the plastic deformation and climb is the rate-limiting mechanism. From the modeled creep strain rates it was possible to estimate viscosity of (Mg,Fe)O at lowermost mantle conditions. As for bridgmanite a pure climb mechanism is proposed, and the creep strain rates were evaluated according to a physics-based analytical creep model. The viscosity of bridgmanite along a geotherm is retrieved and compared with the available observables
Martyniak, Valentin. "Etude du comportement différé des revêtements dans les galeries souterraines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02573431.
Full textStress equilibrium in concrete lining of deep tunnels, or in soft rocks, is a complex phenomenon. It results from the coupled behavior of the rock and the concrete of the lining. The creep behavior of the rock implies a progressive loading of the gallery lining. The magnitude of this phenomenon is strongly related to the rigidity of the concrete lining. Numerical simulation led to predict the stress generated in the lining are generally done by integrating very complex models in rock behavior, but the results can show a higher stress than those measured in real galleries. The origin of the mistakes in these numerical models can be multiple. These differences can be explained by the omission of certain phenomena which can influence the balance of the stress in the lining.Through various approaches with increasing complexity, the phenomena that can influence the evolution of the stress in deep underground tunnel lining have been studied. These phenomena can be related to the behavior of the concrete lining or to the behavior of the ground. A semi-analytical convergence-confinement approach have been developed by integrating the long term behavior of the ground effects with a Singh-Mitchell phenomenological model. The creep and shrinkage of the concrete lining follow an empirical model of Eurocode. This allowed for determining an order of magnitude of the different phenomena and to select those having a significant effect. Moreover, thanks to an analysis of experimental data on the Chamoise and Bure galleries, we have been able to show that the evolution of the stress velocity in the lining seems to follow a linear evolution of log(dσ)/log(t) with a constant slope despite the differences between the structures. The study of these experimental data have quantified the long time behavior of concrete lining through the analysis of stress and strain measurements.The second level of complexity integrates the L&K viscoplastic model into a numerical model. In order to study more precisely the amplitude of these phenomena, their effects can depend on the method of construction, we have defined two reference cases. These two cases correspond to the two configurations most commonly encountered in underground structures: the first is a gallery excavated in a traditional way with a horseshoe section, the second one is a tunnel with a circular section dug with a TBM. A sensitivity study of the parameters of the numerical model, and of the L&K model was performed to determine the possible range of variation of the concrete lining stress velocity parameter.Finally, the third level of complexity integrates a concrete model coupling the mechanical model to the effects of hydration and drying of the concrete. An analysis of these phenomena will be performed on samples through creep tests in the numerical model, then the model will be integrated into one of the reference cases. This will provide a better estimation of the effect of concrete lining creep, which appears to be the most noticeable effect on concrete lining stress evolution
Manzoni, Florent. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des structures en béton." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30311.
Full textWithin the framework of the future underground disposal structures of Intermediate Level Long-Life nuclear wastes steered by Andra (the French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management), the delayed behaviour of High Performance Concrete (HPC) under variable Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) solicitations is studied to predict the long-term performance of the structures. The study contains three parts that aim to improve knowledge of each THM solicitation and their couplings effects. First of all, a model based on experimental results is proposed to explain and simulate the Thermal Transient Deformation (TTD) with a Thermo-Mechanical coupling using water movements between two porous types (C-S-H nanopores and capillary pores). Secondly, the study of delayed strain of a HPC at 20 °C in autogenous or desiccation (50% RH) conditions are led under variable mechanical stress, moderate and intense levels of loading, and different samples geometries (cylinder 11 x 22 cm3 or ring) in order to verify, in one hand, the capacity of the model to reproduce the strains evolutions under loading whatever the history of loading, the level of loading, and the concrete consolidation state, and, in the other hand, if the model fitted on cylinders results is able to simulate the behaviour of a circular geometry analogous to the Andra's tunnel, but at a reduced scale (1/25th). Finally, the last part of this research consists of simulating the desiccation strain. In this part, the need resorting to a hydric damage modelling and to consider the loading effect amplification is shown. Finally, the model is tested on strains measured during this study and on literature data. This work allows to improve the understanding of the physical phenomena at the origin of delayed strains, and to propose a model which integrates THM couplings and able to simulate structure behaviour under various solicitations over space and time
Maloum-Le, Pape Sihem. "Modélisation globale de l'interaction sol-fondation superficielle à proximité de la crête d'un talus." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30012.
Full textThe non linear behaviour of the granular soil-shallow strip footing is studied. The footing subjected to static vertical and inclined centred loads is established near the crest of a slope. Two main aspects of the kinematics are analysed : (i) first, the effect of the peculiar geometry of the soil free boundary on the displacement trajectories, (ii) then, the temporary dependency aspect of the granular soils behaviour. This experimentally observed phenomena is due to the granular kinetics that tend to stabilise when a certain rearrangement of their skeleton is reached. A numerical database is created thanks to the finite elements code CESAR-LCPC. The behaviour of the soil-footing interface is modelled by means of specific contact elements. The bearing capacity and the different displacements values sa obtained, are analysed in order to built a global model or a soil-structure macro-element in the framework of the non-associated plasticity. To traduce as well as possible the reel behaviour of the granular soil, a viscosity is integrated in the model formulation. The efficiency of the macro-element is tested by comparison with some results issued from centrifuged tests and from the above mentioned numerical simulations. Finally, a prediction method to determine the displacement trajectories is proposed for a given configuration and an application is presented
Lovera, Anaïs. "Cyclic lateral design for offshore monopiles in weak rocks." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1016.
Full textThe European Union sets ambitious agreement of producing 20 % of its total energy needs from renewable sources by 2020. In response, the French government has launched tenders for offshore wind. The consortium that includes EDF Renouvelables won three of them for a total of 1.5 GW. Two of these projects concern wind turbines founded on monopiles installed in soft rock. One of the main objectives for EDF Renouvelables is to secure offshore wind turbines (OWT) design as well as the design of their foundation. Although monopiles represent 75 % of foundations installed offshore, their design can be optimised especially for the type of ground encountered in these particular projects. OWTs are subjected to specific design requirements such as tight tolerances concerning their natural frequencies and permanent rotation at the end of their lifetime. The monopile response plays an important role to assess these requirements. Therefore, in situ pile tests were carried out in a former quarry with similar soft rock properties as the ones encountered in the offshore projects.The pile dimensions are selected to reproduce the ratio between the pile embedded length and the pile diameter of typical monopiles. The methodology used to define the testing programme accounts for a good representativeness of the tests compared to offshore loads. The stiffness evolution in due course of the cyclic loading is analysed as it is a key factor for the natural frequency requirement. The accumulated rotations are looked at for the long-term rotation requirement. Since the piles are installed in soft rock, two phenomena are highlighted: the creation of a crushed zone around the pile due to the driving process and the onset and propagation of cracks in the surrounding rock mass.Based on these observations, a semi-analytical modelling is developed. The most commonly used procedure for prediction of the behaviour of laterally loaded piles is the P−y curves formulation which gives an efficient framework to predict the response of the pile. The semi-analytical modelling is based on this framework and is extended to take in account the particularities of both monopiles design requirements and the fact that monopiles are installed in soft rock. Emphasis is given to the modelling of the response at small lateral displacements. To account accurately for the initial response, the soft rock zone appears to play an important role. The classical P–y curves framework accounts neither for multi-directional loading nor for irreversible displacement and accumulated displacements due to cyclic loading. Unloading paths with or without gapping are introduced to account for irreversible displacements. To account for multi-directional loading, we propose to model several springs around the pile circumference. Analytical solutions are given in order to calculate the P−y curves for multi-directional loading from the various existing P–y curves for unidirectional loading. Similarly, to creep tests, cyclic loading exhibits three main types of response: stabilisation of accumulated displacements, ratcheting and unstable increase of accumulated displacements up to failure. Therefore, we use existing creep models for simulating the cyclic response. This procedure is validated by comparing the numerical results with data recorded in field pile tests performed in soft rock.Last of all, numerical finite element modelling is implemented using Code_Aster. The different phenomena are first analysed in a 2D configuration. This helps to understand and quantify the impacts of each phenomenon: the creation of the crushed zone, the gapping behind the pile and the onset and propagation of cracks. Then the same phenomena are analysed in a 3D configuration to understand the changes of size from the piles of field testing to the offshore monopiles
Arnoux, Michaël. "Etude du comportement en fluage à haute température du superalliage monocristallin à base de nickel MCNG : Effet d'une surchauffe." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445811.
Full textMohamad-Hussein, Assef. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des géomatériaux semi-fragiles soumis à des sollicitations mécaniques et à la dégradation chimique." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Mohamad_Hussein.pdf.
Full textSerhal, Hani. "Influence des pressions anthropiques sur l'évolution des concentrations en nitrates dans la nappe de la craie du Nord de la France : applications au Cambrésis et au nord Audomarois." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Serhal.pdf.
Full textLa modélisation est basée sur des données réelles fournies par les enquêtes de terrain et les données du Recensement Général Agricole (RGA). Les communes de la zone d'étude sont classées en quatre types selon leurs pratiques culturales. A chaque type j'ai attribué une rotation culturale. La modélisation, qui a débuté en 1965, s'étend jusqu'en 2003 dans le but de mieux comprendre l'influence de la variation des pratiques culturales (rotation et fertilisation) sur la variation de la qualité de l'eau alimentant la nappe. La modélisation permet de démontrer que la mise en place du programme Ferti-Mieux a déjà, dans la plupart des cas, conduit à un abaissement significatif des concentrations en nitrates dans l'eau lessivée. Dans l'arrondissement de Cambrai, j'ai réalisé un modèle intégré permettant de modéliser la transformation et le transfert des nitrates en partant de la surface du sol jusqu'à la zone saturée. J'ai pris en compte l'impact des nitrates d'origine agricole ainsi que ceux provenant des agglomérations. Le suivi des fertilisations, l'augmentation du nombre de stations d'épurations urbaines et l'amélioration de leurs performances diminuent les apports nitratés de surface. Mais l'effet de ces améliorations sur la qualité, des eaux de la craie n'est pas partout synchrone. Les comparaisons entre les piézométries mesurées et celles calculées, ainsi que les comparaisons entre les concentrations en nitrates mesurées et celles calculées m'ont permis de caler correctement les modèles hydrodynamiques et hydrodispersifs dans la zone non-saturée et dans la zone saturée. J'ai ensuite pris des hypothèses les plus vraisemblables des intrants azotés jusqu'en 2020. Cette évolution prospective de la qualité de l'eau de la craie permet à la fin de répondre à l'un des objectifs de la DCE et aussi de permettre l'optimisation de la gestion de l'aquifère de l'arrondissement de Cambrai
Komar, Wieslaw. "Relations constitutives viscoélastiques pour des tissus techniques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-159.pdf.
Full textZhang, Yu. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique d’une roche tendre." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10052/document.
Full textThe short term and long term mechanical behaviors of cataclastic sandstone are investigated in this dissertation. The studied material is cored from the fault zone in the dam foundation of a hydropower station in southwestern China. The emphasis is put on the long-term behavior of studied material. For this, conventional compression tests, multi-stage triaxial creep tests as well as the permeability measurements are performed. The mechanical behavior of studied rock is derived based on the experimental investigation. The mechanical responses of studied material are not only functions of the material properties, but are also related to applied stress. Based on the experimental investigation, a unified creep model is proposed to describe the instantaneous and time-dependent behavior of cataclastic sandstone. Main features observed in experiments are taken into account, in particular irreversible deformations, pressure dependency, volumetric transition between compaction and dilatancy and creep. The performance of the model is examined by comparing numerical simulations with test data in representative load paths. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the long term stability of a foundation of hydropower station
Lee, Jae Rock. "Étude et modélisation de l'endommagement des stratifiés carbone-époxy (± 45°)2s et (0°/90°)2s." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI207.
Full textKammouna, Zainab. "Effect of creep strains on the residual mechanical properties of concrete." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI038/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of creep on the concrete mechanical properties evolution. In prestress structures, in the first concrete is completely subjected to compressive stresses. With time, due to relaxation of the prestressed cables and applied load, some tensile stresses may take place in the concrete. So, it is necessary to know the value of the residual mechanical properties after creep effect.The work which concerns only with basic creep (where there is no drying), includes an experimental part and a numerical part. In the experimental part, compressive and tensile (Brazilian) creep tests were carried out on the concrete using different loading levels that applied at different ages of concrete.At the end of each creep test a strength test was carried out on the same concrete for determining the creep effect on the residual mechanical properties. To evaluate the effect of quasi-instantaneous loading in compression and then in tension, some preloading compressive tests were carried out. These tests were accomplished especially to distinguish the effect of quasi-instantaneous effect from that of creep. A quasi-instantaneous compressive test was achieved until a given level and then a Brazilian strength test was carried out to evaluate the effect of compressive preloading on the tensile strength.Numerically, a mesoscopic model was developed for simulating creep and mechanical properties after creep had taken place. The reason for which this mesoscopic technique was used is related to the fact that under the considered loading level of concrete, only the cement paste creeps while the aggregate act as an obstacle to this creep. As a result, tensile stresses arise at cement past-aggregate interface leading to micro cracks at this zone. With this technique, creep strain can generate some damage at mesoscale without any coupling between creep and damage as in sence phenomenological models
El, Janyani Sanae. "Incidence des bétoires et de la karstogenèse des plateaux crayeux de la Haute-Normandie sur le fonctionnement hydrologique de l'aquifère de la craie : modélisation hydrogéologique des influences climatiques à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920267.
Full textTran, Tan Huy. "Contribution à l’établissement d’un modèle rhéologique thermo-hydro-chimio mécanique de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10179/document.
Full textThe study aims to evaluate the radioactive waste storage structures in argillite Callovo- Oxfordien : The first part presents the model SC2D (Swelling Creep Diagenesis Damage) used to simulate the behaviour of argilite, this model is based on special hydro-mechanical characteristics of the argillite Callovo-Oxfordien; The second part shows the applications of SC2D model to describe anisotropic damaged areas around the excavated structures. These EDZ zones are determined when the damage coefficients are unitary and the discontinuities activate when damage coefficient reaches unity, damaged coefficients are calculated from an extension of Mazars by considering the extension deformation in the directions of diagenesi; the final part discussess the delayed effects around the structures after excavation; they are represented by the deformation velocity vectors whose amplitudes are governed by the level of damage and the deviatoric stress. The comparison between in situ convergence measurements and modeled results validates the deformation velocity vectors
Lacherez-Bastin, Sabine. "Contribution à l'étude de la migration des nitrates dans le sol et la zone non saturée de la nappe de la craie dans le Nord de la France : modélisation intégrée des nitrates dans le bassin versant de l'Escrebieux." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Lacherez-Bastin.pdf.
Full textEn période sèche, l'écoulement se fait à 85 % par effet piston au sein de la matrice poreuse crayeuse, avec une vitesse de l'ordre de 0. 6 rn/an sous un recouvrement argileux supérieur à 5 m, 1. 0 rn/an sous un recouvrement limoneux et enfm 1. 25 m sous un recouvrement sableux. Dans des conditions de saturation importante, l'écoulement par les fissures peut venir égaler voire supplanter le mode d'écoulement par effet piston. Les vitesses de migration des nitrates sont " brusquement" accélérées, pendant une courte période, au droit de la zone fissurée. On observe en général un décalage de l'ordre de 5 m d'une fraction du front de pollution azotée par l'intermédiaire des fissures. La modélisation intégrée des cycles de l'eau et de l'azote au droit du bassin versant de l'Escrebieux montre que le module nitrates, que nous avons développé, restitue correctement les observations de terrain effectuées aux droit des différents piézomètres de suivi de la qualité de la nappe de la craie de ce bassin
Rafeh, Faten. "Three dimensional modelling for the long term stability analysis of underground cavities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10156/document.
Full textThe presence of unexploited underground cavities in the region of North France regarding their close proximity to urbanized areas, poses serious problems in terms of security of both people and constructions on one hand, and induces a strong constraint against the planning and urban development on the other hand. In this framework, this thesis presents a numerical study of the mechanical behaviour and the long term stability of underground cavities excavated in the chalk substratum of North France. It aims to provide a complementary understanding to geological investigations and observations carried out. This latter shows that stratified joints are present in the chalk layers as well as fractures developing due to the degradation of chalk with time. Hence, the first target is to account for the anisotropic behaviour induced due to the presence of these joints. An oriented yield criterion is developed where several mechanisms of plasticity are considered to generate this effect. A three dimensional numerical model of the excavation is executed. An approach for reducing shear strength properties of the joints is proposed to study the joints influence on the strain and failure mechanisms and on the stability state of the cavity. Degradation mechanisms induced upon time in the presence of different aggravating factors create also a critical effect. A non-homogeneous time-dependent-degradation model is developed to analyse the time-dependent deformation and failure mechanisms and to assess the long term stability of these cavities. At the end, empirical formulae and abacuses are developed for a preliminary estimation of the stability of underground cavities of North France
Grosjean, Catherine. "Anisotropie de comportement en fluage thermique de tubes gaine et de tubes guide en alliages de Zirconium. Développements expérimentaux et résultats." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT019G.
Full textFuel rods and cladding tubes in zirconium are essential structural parts of Pressurized Water Reactors. There are submitted in service to aggressive environment (vapour at ~320°C, 155 bars, and irradiation) and to multiaxial mechanical loadings leading to thermal creep which has to be quantified. The present work aims to determine the effects of 3 parameters on the mechanical behaviour of different zirconium alloys: the loading path, the metallurgical state (stress-relieved, recrystallized) and the chemical composition. The first step to take was to develop a new device adapted to different geometries of tubes, and to validate it by comparing experimental results obtained upon the stress-relieved Zircaloy 4 to bibliographical results. Second, a large database has been constituted on the M5® in order to highlight the effects of an overloading or of cycling on the circumferential stress, and of the loading path (application of the axial then the circumferential stress, or the contrary or proportional loading). Then by comparing the behaviour of the recrystallized and the stress-relieved Zircaloys 4, the effects of the metallurgical state on this hexagonal alloy on the creep behaviour have also been studied. Lastly, the effects of oxygen, stain and iron have been quantified due to 5 other alloys (M5® low and high oxygen, Q12, Q32 and Q42). The last step of this work corresponds to the model of the macroscopic behaviour of 2 alloys (M5® and Zircaloy 4) with isotropic and anisotropic criteria to prove the necessity of developing a new and strong model adapted to highly anisotropic alloys like Zirconium alloys
Zheng, Lifeng. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement différé du massif rocheux fracturé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10060/document.
Full textShort-term and long-term stability are two important aspects in analyzing slope stability. The objective of this study is to propose the numerical models to simulate the short and long-term mechanical behaviour of rock matrix and rock joint. For rock matrix, one elasto-damage model which takes both the compressive and tensile situations into account is employed. One parameter is introduced to emphasize the influence of confining pressures. And then one creep model for rock matrix which considering the damage parameter as a time-dependent variable is proposed. The simulation results show great agreement with experimental results. Generally, rock joints are the most fragile part in rock structures. For rock joint, the asperity of joint surface is represented by a parameter JRC. This parameter is related to the friction angle, and then affects the shear stiffness of joint. In this work, a constitutive model is employed based on this theory, and then the parameter JRC is proposed to be a time-dependent variable, which represents the graduate degradation of joint asperity with time passage. One simulation is performed and verified that this model is capable to describe creep phenomena. The extended finite element (XFEM) theory is introduced and applied in the joint model to exactly describe the real condition of joint. A simulation of one complicated structure is performed at last to verify the simulating ability of these models
Adia, Jean-Luc. "Modélisation multi échelle des phénomènes de retrait et de fluage dans les matériaux cimentaires : approches numériques couplant les éléments finis et la méthode de Lattice-Boltzmann." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1013/document.
Full textIn pre-stressed concrete structures, creep and shrinkage tend to reduce the pre-stress forces which are initially produced so as to maintain concrete in a state minimizing traction forces and then cracks. Understanding and predicting these phenomena through models are thus highly important for the design and durability of civil engineering structures, such as containment buildings in nuclear power plants.The objective of this thesis is to develop a micromechanical modeling framework to describe shrinkage and creep in cementitious materials in a unified manner. For this purpose, the study focuses on the scale of the porous structure of the C-S-H gel where the intrinsic mechanisms of delayed strains are active. A computational homogenization approach is developed to model these phenomena in porous structures with arbitrary morphologies. An explicit description of the porous network and of the liquid phase of water during the drying/humidification process is taken into account. The mechanisms related to delayed strains in the solid phase are modeled by the microprestress-solidification theory (MPS). The simulations at the microscale are conductedbased on an original approach coupling the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM). The LBM is used to describe the distribution of capillary water in the porous structure, whereas the FEM serves as modeling the strain of the solid skeleton under the capillary water effets and a macroscopic load.The proposed method allows, by means of the simulations, to better understand the mechanisms related to the capillary effects in the porous structure. More specifically, taking into account realistic morphologies of microstructures and of the formed menisci lead to different regimes of shrinkage/swelling. Then, the effects of capillary pressure intensity, of surface tension and of morphologies of capillary surfaces on the elastic response of the solid skeleton are evaluated. Finally, the above approaches are extended to the case of a viscoelastic solid deformed under the action of the capillary water. From numerical observations, we propose a model is proposed to describe the creep and shrinkage of C-S-H gel in a unified way
Steckmeyer, Antonin. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique à haute température des aciers ferritiques renforcés par dispersion d'oxydes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819136.
Full textLopez, Delphine. "Comportement d’un thermoplastique renforcé de fibres de verre soumis à des chargements thermo-mécaniques." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS488/document.
Full textDiscontinuous fibers reinforced thermoplastic materials have been widely used for several years in the automotive industry. These parts must resist demanding service life conditions and must meet thermo- mechanical specifications. Indeed, structural automotive spare parts have to endure high temperatures, like a few tens of degrees Celsius, for a long duration, at least a few hours. As an example, a structural part of tailgate is subject to high mechanical loading, associated to strong temperature variations, during the validation test, regarding specifications. The purpose of this work is to improve the design of complex industrial parts, like the tailgate in quasi-static domain, by relying on numerical simulation. One of the challenges related to the use of such material, is to have a reliable virtual design of industrial parts by predicting the geometrical variations during service life conditions, and residual strain. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize and to model the thermo-mechanical behavior of the tailgate material, a polypropylene matrix reinforced with discontinuous glass fibers, with a given mass fraction of 40%
Alfonso, Medina Hugo Leonardo. "Caractérisation et modélisation des assemblages multi-matériaux sous sollicitations mixtes quasi-statiques pour la conception des structures automobiles." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0118/document.
Full textNowadays, the emissions of CO2 due to the use of automobiles have reached critical levels causing global warming and health problems. In order to reduce these emissions, the French automotive industry has decided to reduce the car weight by means of the use of lighter materials such as composite materials. However, the classical joining techniques are not adapted to assembly these new materials to the structure of the car (aluminum and steel alloys). Therefore, the characterization and modeling of new joining techniques of dissimilar materials is a problem that has been treated in the current study.Four different joining techniques of dissimilar materials (metal/composite) have been studied: (i) stud bonding, (ii) laser welding, (iii) self-pierce riveting and (iv) adhesive bonding systems. Traditional lap-shear and cross-tension tests were used to characterize the first two joining techniques. Then, a new characterization test based on a modified Arcan device has been proposed to analyze the behavior of self-piercing rivet and adhesive bonding systems. Among all the four tested techniques, adhesive joints have been selected as the most adapted technique according to the requirements of the industry. Therefore, modified Arcan tests have been performed in order to determine the behavior of the adhesives of the study (Betamate1822 and Sikapower498). These tests were then used to propose and identify a new 3D non-linear viscoelastic spectral model. The identification procedure of the material parameters is only based on three multilevel creep tests, which permits the rapid dimensioning of adhesively bonded structures. Finally, the proposed behavior law was validated by the good concordance between the numerical predictions and the experimental curves of monotonic tests at different loading rates and increasing cyclic tests.The current study was developed in the framework of an automotive project. Nevertheless, the conclusions and prospects of the study can be extrapolated to other interesting fields