Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Craigieburn State Forest Park'
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Gray, Jennifer L. "HABITAT CHARACTERIZATION AND INVENTORY OF COLLINSONIA VERTICILLATA IN SHAWNEE STATE FOREST AND STATE PARK, SCIOTO COUNTY, OHIO." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149184142.
Full textSmall, Erin D. "Fire Ecology in the Acadian Spruce-Fir Region and Vegetation Dynamics Following the Baxter Park Fire of 1977." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmallED2004.pdf.
Full textBeane, Nathan R. "Stand dynamics of an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5442.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 55 p. : ill., maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50).
Butt, Tariq Mahmood. "Sustainable forest management : A case study on machiara national park In district muzaffarabad, state of Azad jammu and kashmir, Pakistan." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-930.
Full textSustainable forest management and conservation in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, as in other developing states, has often been a source of conflict between the government and dependent communities. The forestry in the state has traditionally focused on maximization of revenue, hence other ecological services of forests have received less attention than wood production. This study focused on examining the degree of sustainability in the contemporary forest management within the Machiara National Park (MNP), besides uncovering existing conflicts among different actors over sustainable forest management. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, using semi-structured key informant interviews, in-depth individual and group interviews, discussions, observation and photographs. The respondent group comprised members of local forest communities, Forest Officers, project management and Ministers of the Forest and Wildlife Departments. Sustainable development and participatory development theories, landscape values approach and geographic concepts formed the basis for this study. This study reveals that the forest management in the MNP is alarmingly unsustainable and lacks popular participation. The present antiquated forest legislation and top-down command and control system support massive resource abuse. The momentum of the park interventions is much slower than expectations for a number of reasons. Poverty and ignorance coupled with disinformation are the apparent major causes of accelerated deforestation and encroachment.
This study reveals that the multiple administrations within the MNP forests are a major cause of sectoral conflict. The contractor mafia and corrupt junior foresters triggered anti-park wrath in the area. Economic policies and egocentric politics, besides inter-sectoral inconsistency, have accelerated the forest diminution and encroachment in the MNP. The study establishes that institutional inertia has undermined conservation efforts in the area and actors, responsible for the forest devastation within the MNP, will not change their attitude if the existing legal hitches and institutional inertia continue to prevail. The situation within the MNP calls for an urgent overhauling of the forest management system besides an efficient multi-sectoral intervention for sustainable livelihood provision and sustained reduction in the population growth and the rampant poverty. The Protected Areas Management Project in the MNP also needs to accelerate the pace of its interventions in the area.
Dressler, Wolfram Heinz. "Old thoughts in new ideas : Tagbanua forest use and state conservation measures at Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Palawan Island, Philippines." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85154.
Full textA history of national park and cadastral zoning has restricted Tagbanua access to forest resources while supporting settler migration onto public lands. The two-way process of park zoning and migrant control over trade and productive resources has become interrelated and shaped the evolution of conservation in Cabayugan from 1971-2001. Although older "fences and fines" criminalized traditional resource uses, such as swidden (kaingin), and supported state interests in expanding paddy rice cultivation (basakan ), newer community-based approaches have carried on this agenda. Going against its purported benefits, such conservation has supported the livelihoods of dominant households, both politically and economically. Over time, these households have used political economic opportunities to build on and influence how projects support their livelihoods, which has exacerbated socio-economic differences between both social groups. As a result, conservation practitioners have continued to tie into and support wealthier households' production, while fulfilling the state's agenda of curbing swidden. Confined to unequal trade and restrictions over swidden, Tagbanua livelihoods remain vulnerable and have difficulty sustaining paddy rice. With few options to reinvest, they fail to access those socio-political and economic networks that enable participation in projects that support more lucrative cultivation. Despite good intentions, current attempts by state practitioners and non-governmental organizations at livelihood development for conservation have proven to be more divisive than effective.
Neto, Adriano Teixeira Bastos. "Occurence of palms around of landslide scars on State Park of Serra do Mar "Núcleo Santa Virgínia - SP." Universidade de Taubaté, 2007. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=94.
Full textLouter, David. "Windshield wilderness : the automobile and the meaning of national parks in Washington State /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10332.
Full textSantos, Henrique Cardoso dos. "Planning of the zone damping of the Serra do Mar State Park, São Sebastião-SP: subsidies for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest." Universidade de Taubaté, 2007. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=92.
Full textThe betterment on quality of life is directly related with the conservation from quality environmental. Like this, is indispensable the knowledge from the results of the human action a above environment natural. The necessity of studies specific what will allow the management and the maintenance of fractions forest bordering the urban area for the São Sebastião SP county, has caused the realization from this research, with the objective of introducing subsidies for identification from cover vegetable natural to establish areas adequate for border protection in the State Park (The Serra do Mar State Park is a Unit of Conservation from the Atlantic forest), with special attention on the parameters of the Zone Ecologic-Economic and on the guidelines from municipal planning. The area of tombamento da Serra do Mar (area with special protection on the Atlantic forest) established the base of limitation of the zoning, presenting again information statistics above the degradation in the vegetable covering and his tendencies based on the data bank of the Environmental Administration System EAS, from the Environmental Police, and on aerial photography like tool of interpretation and individualization of this areas naturals.
Saraiva, Adriana Cristina Rosa. "Influence of variations micro-environmental in the community of palm montane tropical rain forest, Núcleo Santa Virginia, State Park of Serra dos Mar SP, Brazil." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=138.
Full textThe work was conducted in tropical montane rain forest (Núcleo Santa Virginia State Park of Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil, situated in 23172324S and 45034511W), in order to assess how the micro-environmental variations of soil, topography and litter affect the composition and structure of the palm community. In two one hectare permanent plots, A and B, divided into three transects (10x100 m) and subplots (10x10m), it were surveyed all existing palms with the purpose of to know the richness of species and population structure. In sub-plots soil samples were collected to determine the chemical and physical properties of soil, thickness of litter was determined in five random points, and microtopography of each one was classified into ridge, slope and valley. In the two plots (A and B) were sampled 3161 individuals/0.6 ha and four species: Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gamiova, Geonoma pohliana and Geonoma schottiana. The soil dominant fraction in all transects was the sand, especially the valleys. The thickness of the litter layer ranged in between topographic classes. The variables K, P, Ca and Mg showed low levels in the plots and consequently were also low the levels of the basis sum. The saturation basis was low in the plots due to high concentration of Al and low soil fertility. The micro-environmental heterogeneity caused variation in the distribution and composition of a few species of palms, especially the genus Geonoma, despite the larger number of individuals of E. edulis. The high density of palm species studied are indications that the same are adapted to conditions of high acidity, low fertility, and moisture soil, which could indicate a high potential for their use for restoration of degraded areas especially on hillsides and hilltops.
Freno, Cari. "Finding Myself Here." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1798.
Full textRosa, Lilian Prado Gomes da. "Florística e fitossociologia da Floresta Atlântica montana no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4953.
Full textEste estudo tem por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a flora da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, através da avaliação florística e fitossociológica da comunidade arbustivoarbórea, com Circunferência à Altura do Peito ≥ 15,7 cm (CAP ≥ 5,0 cm) em trechos de Floresta Atlântica montana. Foram alocadas 34 parcelas retangulares e permanentes de 10x30 m, totalizando uma área amostral de 1,02 ha. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivoarbóreos vivos, que tiveram aferidas a circunferência do caule, estimada a altura total, altura do fuste e realizada a coleta de material botânico. A identificação dos espécimes foi realizada através da análise das estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas, comparação em herbários, consultas a literatura especializada e, quando possível, com auxílio de especialistas. O material botânico coletado está sendo incorporado à coleção do Herbário da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HRJ). Procedeu-se a avaliação do status de conservação das espécies determinadas para identificar o grau de ameaça. A estrutura da comunidade inventaria foi analisada através do pacote estatístico FITOPAC 2.1. Inventariou-se 1.847 indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos vivos, subordinados a 225 espécies ou morfo-espécies de 27 gêneros e 53 famílias botânicas. Este estudo constatou que a Ilha Grande é uma nova área de ocorrência para 53 espécies fanerogâmicas. As famílias mais abundantes foram: Myrtaceae (391 indivíduos), Rubiaceae (337), Euphorbiaceae (100), Fabaceae (84) e Sapotaceae (72). Myrtaceae (69 spp.), Rubiaceae (14), Fabaceae (13), Lauraceae e Sapotaceae (11) foram as famílias que apresentaram as maiores riquezas. O índice de diversidade de Shannon & Weaver (H) obtido foi de 4,609 nats/indvs. e o de equabilidade (J) de 0,851. Os parâmetros fitossociológicos calculados indicaram que Amaioua intermedia Mart. (5,17%), Eriotheca pentaphylla (Vell.) A. Robyns (4,84%), Qualea glaziovii Warm. (2,74%), Vochysia bifalcata Warm. (2,69%), Xylopia brasiliensis Spreng. (2,48%), Heisteria silvianii Schwacke (2,43%), Coussarea nodosa (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (2,38%), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (2,37%), Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard (2,02%) e Inga lanceifolia Benth. (1,86%) são as espécies com maiores Valores de Importância (VI). Entre as táxons inventariados foi possível identificar 69 espécies raras, representadas na comunidade por um único indivíduo, e nove espécies com problemas de conservação, dais quais Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart., Micropholis crassipedicellata (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Pierre e Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard estão categorizadas como dependentes de conservação; Eugenia prasina O. Berg como vulnerável; Myrceugenia myrcioides (Cambess.) O.Berg como futuramente ameaçada de extinção; Ocotea odorifera Rohwer como ameaçada de extinção e/ou vulnerável a extinção; Pradosia kuhlmannii Toledo como ameaçada de extinção; Solanum carautae Carvalho como espécie rara e Urbanodendron bahiense (Meisn.) Rohwer em perigo de extinção. A distribuição dos indivíduos em classes diamétricas apresentou uma tendência exponencial negativa, sugerindo que a comunidade possui capacidade de autoregeneração. Os resultados da composição florística e da estrutura da vegetação montana do PEIG evidenciaram expressiva riqueza e diversidade de espécies arbóreas, cuja preservação é fundamental para o funcionamento e o equilíbrio desta formação. Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica. Floresta montana. Fitossociologia. Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande.
The aim of this study is to broaden the knowledge of the flora of the Ilha Grande in Angra dos Reis, RJ, through the floristic and phytosociological assessment of the shrub-tree community, with circumferences at breast-height ≥ 15,7 cm (CAP ≥ 15,7cm) in mountain areas of the Atlantic Forest. 34 rectangular plots of land were assigned and permanent ones of 10X30 m, totaling a surveyed area of 1.02 hectares. All the live shrub-tree were sampled which had the trunk circumference gauged, as well as estimated total height and the collection of botanical material was done. The identification of specimen was done through the analysis of vegetative and reproductive structures, the herbarious comparisons and the consultations of specialized literature, and whenever possible with the help of specialists. The collected material is being incorporated into the Rio de Janeiro University Herbarium (HRJ). The assessment proceeded on the status of the determined species conservation in order to identify the degree of threat. The structured of the sampled community was analyzed through the statistic packet FITOPAC 2.1. 847 individual live shrub-trees were sampled, subordinate to 225 species or morph-species of 27 genus and 53 botanical families. This study found that the Big Island is a new area of occurrence for 53 species phanerogams. The most abundant families were: Myrtaceae, (391individuals), Rubiaceae (337), Euphorbiaceae (100), Fabaceae (84) e Sapotaceae (72). Myrtaceae (69 species), Rubiaceae (14), Fabaceae (13), Lauraceae and Sapotaceae (11) were the families which present more wealth. The diversity index of Shannon & Weaver (H) obtained was that of 4,609 nat/indvs and that of equability (J) of 0,851. The calculated phytosociological parameters indicated that the Amaioa intermedia Mart, (5,17%), Eriotheca pentaphylla (Vell.) A. Robyns (4,84%), Qualea glaziovii Warm. (2,74%), Vochysia bifalcata Warm. (2,69%), Xylopia brasiliensis Spreng. (2,48%), Heisteria silvianii Schwacke (2,43%), Coussarea nodosa (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (2,38%), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (2,37%), Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard (2,02%) e Inga lanceifolia Benth. (1,86%) are the species with the greatest Importance Value (VI). Amongst the sampled species it was possible to register 69 rare species represented in the community by one single individual, and nine species have conservation problems, which Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart., Micropholis crassipedicellata (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Pierre e Manilkara subsericea (Mart.) Dubard are categorized as dependent on conservation, Eugenia prasina O. Berg as vulnerable to extinction, Myrceugenia myrcioides (Cambess.) O.Berg as threatened by future extinction, Ocotea odorifera Rohwer as endangered and/or vulnerable to extinction, Pradosia kuhlmannii Toledo as endangered, Solanum carautae Carvalho as rare specie e Urbanodendron bahiense (Meisn.) Rohwer as danger of extinction. Diameter distribution was observed with negative exponential trend, suggesting that the community has the capacity for self-regeneration. The results of the floristic composition and structure of vegetation montana PEIG showed expressive richness and diversity of tree species whose preservation is essential to the functioning and balance this forest formation.
Rocha, Fernando Souza. "Vegetação rupestre associada á floresta estacional no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26269.
Full textRocky outcrops are centers of taxonomic and functional diversity with extreme environmental conditions. They also are sites for colonization by forestry species, usually related to facilitation mechanisms. The species distribution set by niche and neutrals mechanisms results in the variation of composition among communities (beta diversity). The goals of this work are evaluate if rocky outcrops are taxonomically and functionally different from the surrounding forest, study the possible positive interactions among species related to the advance of the forest over the rupestrian vegetation and determine how the composition of arboreal species in the interface forest/rocky outcrop is limited by neutral, niche or both dynamics along the ontogeny. We studied the vegetation of basaltic rocky outcrops at the Turvo State Park, south Brazil. The flora from rupestrian communities was analyzed at field during two years. Species were classified into life forms based on literature and field observations. To evaluate the patterns of arboreal beta diversity and the occurrence of facilitation between plants we sampled arboreal species in three forest/rocky outcrop ecotones. In each rocky outcrop we established 60 plots of 1.5 x 1.5 m along the forest-rocky outcrop ecotone. We described each plot in terms of Bromelia balansae Mez cover and the composition of tree species, separated into four size classes, representing different ontogenetic stages of individuals. The taxonomic and functional differences between the rupestrian vegetation and regional flora were analyzed with the chi-square test and the effects of different factors were analyzed with randomization tests uni-and multivariate. We registered 111 species, 43 of which restricted to the rocky outcrops, distributed in 54 botanic families. The life form spectrum showed a high proportion of chamaephytes (29.7%), nanophanerophytes (17.1%) and geophytes (15.3%). The flora restricted to rocky outcrops showed more frequently geophytes (32.6%), chamaephytes (25.6%) and nanophanerophytes (20.9%). Chi-square tests indicated significant differences in frequencies among environments, for both families and life forms. Our results showed that the coverage of bromeliads is positively correlated to the richness and abundance of seedlings of arboreal species. It seems that higher cover by B. balansae gives protection against herbivory indistinctively, and also reduces the effects of severe environmental conditions, allowing the settlement of forest pioneers species. Multivariate tests showed significant effect of the site factor on the beta diversity in all classes of size and significant effect of the gradient factor only on two size classes evaluated. The rupestrian vegetation is distinct floristically and functionally, showing high floristic similarity with other neotropical rupestrian formations, but has high number of arboreal species. Seedlings of arboreal species seem to have benefit from the presence of B. balansae, which can cause a gradual reduction of the rupestrian vegetation in the forest and rocky outcrop mosaic. Understanding how the distribution of arboreal communities is determined by limitations of dispersal and niche can improve the comprehension of the dynamics that generate and maintain diversity.
Duarte, Alexandre Romariz. "Espécies de myrtaceae de uma parcela permanente de floresta ombrófila densa baixo montana no parque estadual Carlos Botelho, município de Sete Barras - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-29072004-154550/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to identify tree species of Myrtaceae from Carlos Botelho State Park, Sete Barras city. In this area 256 permanent plots of 20x20m (total 10,24ha) were installed, and every tree above 4,8cm DBH was collected during eleven field trips that were made in one year. The identifications were based on bibliography and later, confirmed through comparison at the herbaria ESA, SP and UEC and consults to specialists. 48 species of Myrtaceae were found at the permanent plots, which means approximately 25% of the areas floristic composition. Total of 2136 specimes were collected, which means approximately 20% of the total number of trees on the area. Eugenia was the most abundant genera with 26 species, followed by Gomidesia and Marlierea with 4 species, Myrceugenia and Myrcia with 3 species, Campomanesia and Plinia with 2 species, and Calycorectes, Calyptranthes, Myrciaria and Neomitranthes with 1 species each. Marlierea suaveolens Cambess., Eugenia cuprea (O. Berg) Nied., Gomidesia flagellaris D. Legrand, Marlierea tomentosa Cambess., and Neomitranthes glomerata (D. Legrand) D. Legrand were the most frequent species in this order. A dichotomous key for the species is presented, which along with a photographic record, illustrate this work and will help the identification of specimes on the field and in herbaria in future projects.
Bergmann, Nicolas Timothy. "Preserving Nature through Film: Wilderness Alps of Stehekin and the North Cascades, 1956-1968." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/973.
Full textStefani, Edson Junior Ferreira 1984. "Estrutura, composição florística e similaridade em áreas de floresta ombrófila densa submontana e montana do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Litoral Norte/SP." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314889.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stefani_EdsonJuniorFerreira_M.pdf: 3242288 bytes, checksum: 00323ca4b692352341fa9fbfc08648eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: No contexto da necessidade de preservação da Mata Atlântica, há um grande interesse por um conhecimento mais detalhado deste conjunto de florestas, inclusive no que diz respeito ao comportamento do ecossistema como um todo frente às alterações climáticas ocorrentes em escala global. Este é um dos temas de investigação dos Projetos Temáticos (FAPESP) "Gradiente Funcional" (03/12595-7) e "Crescimento Urbano, vulnerabilidade e adaptação: dimensões sociais e ambientais das mudanças climáticas na costa de São Paulo" (08/58159-7), sendo o último onde esta pesquisa se insere. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em dois hectares de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD) Submontana (AC) e Montana (BC) do Núcleo Caraguatatuba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), SP. O objetivo foi diagnosticar as áreas do ponto de vista da composição e estrutura da floresta para acompanhamento a curto, médio e longo prazo do componente arbóreo que está sob influência da Usina de Tratamento de Gás de Caraguatatuba (UTGCA). Além disso, os resultados foram comparados com cinco áreas de um hectare cada previamente estudadas nos Núcleos Picinguaba (NPic) e duas áreas em Santa Virgínia (NSV) (PESM), fora da área de influência da UTGCA, para avaliação da similaridade florística e embasamento para posterior escolha de espécies para acompanhamento a médio e longo prazo. O diagnóstico foi realizado considerando todos os indivíduos (árvores, palmeiras e fetos arborescentes) com DAP ? 4,8 cm (PAP ? 15cm) para análise da composição florística e fitossociologia. Na parcela AC Submontana foram identificados 2182 indivíduos, pertencentes a 49 famílias e 186 espécies. As cinco famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Myrtaceae (27 espécies), Lauraceae (16), Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (12) e Rubiaceae (11). Na parcela BC Montana foram identificados 1768 indivíduos, pertencentes a 40 famílias e 150 espécies. As cinco famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Myrtaceae (27 espécies), Lauraceae (20), Fabaceae (12) Rubiaceae (9) e Sapotaceae (9). Dentre as 99 espécies em comum às duas áreas, (12) estão ameaçadas de extinção e são elas: Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret (Arecaceae), Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae), Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart., C. viride Mart. & Eichler (Sapotaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae), Mollinedia engleriana Perkins (Monimiaceae), Myrceugenia myrcioides (Cambess.) O.Berg (Myrtaceae), Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez, O. odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer (Lauraceae), Pouteria psammophila (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae), Rudgea vellerea Mull. Arg. (Rubiaceae), Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (Arecaceae). Na comparação entre as duas áreas ainda em relação ao risco de extinção de espécies, dez ocorrem exclusivamente na Floresta Submontana e oito na Montana. Foram feitas análise de agrupamento para comparação com as parcelas do Projeto Biota Gradiente Funcional de áreas de Submontana do NPic denominadas parcelas E, F, G, H e I, e com áreas de Montana do NSV parcelas K e N, as quais foram comparadas com este trabalho.O compartilhamento de espécies foi maior (91) entre AC e a Parcela I do NPic. Já nas áreas Montanas, a parcela BC ficou agrupada com a parcela K do NSV, com a qual compartilhou 60 espécies, sugerindo maior semelhança entre elas de acordo com suas composições florísticas. As peculiaridades das áreas demonstram a importância de ações de conservação e monitoramento em longo prazo, em especial nessa região na quais catástrofes naturais e/ou decorrentes de ações antrópicas, podem ter alterado a estrutura da floresta, e que agora passa a abrigar novos empreendimentos (como a UTGCA) cujo impacto futuro precisa ser estimado, monitorado e mitigado
Abstract: In the context of the need for preservation of the Atlantic Forest, there is a great interest for a more detailed knowledge of this forest, including studies regarding the behavior of the ecosystem as a whole in the face of climate changes occurring on a global scale. This is one of the research focus of Thematic Projects (FAPESP) "Functional Gradient" (03/12595-7) and "Urban Growth, vulnerability and adaptation: social and environmental dimensions of climate change on the coast of São Paulo" (08/58 159 -7), the latter being where this research was carried out. This study was conducted in two hectares of Atlantic Rain Forest (FOD) Submontane (AC) and Montana (BC) at the Nucleus Caraguatatuba of the State Park of Serra do Mar (PESM), São Paulo State. The goal was to evaluate the areas in terms of composition and forest structure aiming to monitor short, medium and long-term changes in the tree component that is under the influence of the recently installed Caraguatatuba Gas Treatment Plant (UTGCA). Furthermore, the results were compared with five areas of one hectare each previously studied in Picinguaba Nucleus (NPIC) and two areas in Santa Virginia Nucleus (NSV), both also within the State Park Serra do Mar, but outside the area of influence of UTGCA. These floristic an structural comparisons will allow identifying groups of tree species to be monitored in more detail both in the area under the influence of the UTGCA and control plots not affected by the emissions of this Gas Treatment Unit. The survey was made considering all individuals (trees, palms and ferns) with DBH ? 4.8 cm (PAP ? 15cm) for analysis of the floristic composition and phytosociological structure. In the AC Submontane portion 2182 individuals were identified, belonging to 49 families and 186 species. The five richest families were Myrtaceae (27 species), Lauraceae (16), Fabaceae (14), Euphorbiaceae (12) and Rubiaceae (11). In the Montana portion BC 1768 individuals were identified, belonging to 40 families and 150 species. The five richest families were Myrtaceae (27 species), Lauraceae (20), Fabaceae (12) Rubiaceae (9) and Sapotaceae (9). Among the 99 species common to both areas, (12) are listed as endangered: Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret (Arecaceae), Cedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae), Chrysophyllum flexuosum Mart., C. viride Mart. & Eichler (Sapotaceae), Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae), Mollinedia engleriana Perkins (Monimiaceae) Myrceugenia myrcioides (Cambess.) O.Berg (Myrtaceae), Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez, O. odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer (Lauraceae), Pouteria psammophila (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae), Rudgea vellerea Mull. Arg. (Rubiaceae), Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (Arecaceae). Comparing the two areas still in relation to the endangered species, ten occur exclusively in the Lower Montane forest and eight in Montana. Cluster analysis were performed among AC and BC and Lower Montane areas of the NPIC called plots E, F, G, H and I, and areas of Montana NSV plots K and N, previously studied by the Biota Functional Gradient Project. The highest number of species in common (91 species) was found comparing plot AC with Plot I, at the Lower Montane level, while in the Montane areas the higher number of species in common (61 species) was found comparing plot BC with plot K. The peculiarities of the areas demonstrate the importance of conservation actions and long-term monitoring, especially in this region where natural disasters and/or disasters arising from human actions, may have altered forest structure, and which will now hosts new ventures (such as the UTGCA) whose future impacts must be estimated, monitored and mitigated
Mestrado
Botânica
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
Daher, Carolina dos Santos. "Ocupações humanas no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar: Análise e espacialização dos autos de infração ambiental no núcleo Caraguatatuba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-06072012-105244/.
Full textIssues related to the management of presence of human populations in the Protected Areas are presented in this survey with focus on restrictions on the use and access to natural resources within the Nucleo Caraguatatuba from the Serra do Mar State Park (PESM). A review of the program of Socio-Environmental Interaction of the Master Plan, where they proved Themes of Strategic Focus to bring the community together with the Park administration, and one of them has the purpose of resolving conflicts between residents and the Manager of the protected area. The data contained in the Environmental Infraction Files, applied by Environmental Police of the State of São Paulo, are tabulated in such a way as to obtain the a localization in a Environment f Geographic Information System (GIS). This information generated maps were georeferenced infractions that occurred from 1988 to 2011 in the Protected Area. The present research aims to identify: a) the core regions of Caraguatauba which over these infractions occur; b) if the infractions have some relationship with neighborhoods, municipalities covered by the core; c) as the roads/trails/highways interfere with the location of infractions and d) if the neighboring areas of the park with the urbanized or rural areas also interfere in the event of infringement. On the basis of the results we can be affirm that the waterways, roads and tracks highly influence the occurrence of violations, as well as the areas bordering the Park. Similarly it can be noted that the infractions occur mostly in Temporary Occupation Zone. It becomes apparent the need for further development of the strategies envisaged by the Program o Environmental Interaction in these areas of temporary occupation for residents to know the Protected Area and participate of the Advisory Board, to articulate regarding regulations and laws pertaining to their reality. When the community does not participate effectively, it doesn\'t feel involved with the environment where you live. This paper presents some weaknesses that exist in the daily life of a protected area as the Environmental Interaction between residents and the managing institution. Points out the need of participation of occupants for the realization of agreements on the sustainable use of natural resources, thereby reducing the numbers of infraction files of legal documents in the Park.
Dias, Antonio Cecilio. "Composição florística, fitossociologia, diversidade de espécies arbóreas e comparação de métodos de amostragem na floresta ombrófila densa do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho/SP-Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-12052005-143829/.
Full textThe following study was developed in tracks of the Dense Ombrophilous Forest, located in the Carlos Botelho State Park, SP., in the southern of the state of São Paulo, geographical coordinates of 24º00' 24o 15 South latitude and 47o 55 - 48º05', West longitude, in the municipalities of São Miguel Arcanjo, Sete Barras, Capão Bonito and Tapiraí, with the objective of comparison of three sampling methods (parcels, point centred quarter and relascope) in determining the species composition, phytosociology and diversity of species in the arboreal component. In this vegetation, the sampling showed of 65 botanical families and 427 arboreas species. With the use of aerial images two areas were selected, the first one, designated Grid 1, being located in the highest part of the Park in the Sao Miguel Arcanjo municipality, and the second, designated Grid 2, located at a height of 650m., in the Sete Barras municipality. The height difference between these two areas is approximately 200m. In the Grid 1, the parcels method showed 9543 individuals and 250 species, the point center quarter method 1276 individuals and 175 species and the relascope method 638 species and 155 species. On Grid 2, we collected by the parcels method 10124 individuals and 345 species, the point center quarter method showed 1270 individuals and 207 species and the relascope method 578 individuals and 157 species. The families Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Fabaceae and Sapotaceae presented the highest species richness in the three samples methods. The diversity of the species determined by the Shannon index recorded the highest index for the parcels method in Grid 2, H'=4.7202 and the smallest index was obtained by the relascope method H'=4.411, and these values are among the highest determined up to the present for the arboreal components of the vegetation for the Carlos Botelho State Park, SP. Euterpe edulis and Ocotea catharinensis were the outstanding species, by presenting the highest values in the Significant Value Index, independent of the sampling method. The Euclidian Distance calculated for the phytosociological parameters, Relative Frequency, Relative Dominance, Relative Density and Significant Value Index, shows that the samples methods behaves differently in characterizing the vegetation in Grid 1 and Grid 2.
Almeida, Samara Bezerra. "Estudo do comportamento territorial da ariranha (Pteronura Brasiliensis, Carnivora: Mustelidae, Zimmermann 1780) no Parque Estadual do Cantão, Estado do Tocantins." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/210.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A ariranha é uma espécie reconhecidamente social, vivendo em grupos de 2 a 16 indivíduos com cooperação reprodutiva. Os indivíduos do mesmo grupo costumam realizar a maioria das atividades diárias em conjunto. Uma das formas de organização espacial de animais que vivem em sociedade é a defesa de um território. Os grupos de ariranhas defendem ativamente seu território com vocalizações e encontros agonistico. O objetivo deste estudo foi saber como a organização social está relacionado ao espaço e tempo. Avaliar se existe mudança na composição e tamanho do grupo, e se há diferença entre o tamanho dos territórios nas estações (seca e cheia). Foram observados 48 indivíduos distribuídos em 12 grupos (35 adultos ou subadutos e 13 filhotes do ano) e 1 solitário, totalizando 49 indivíduos estudados, 40 destes foto-identificados. O tamanho dos grupos variou entre 2 e 12 indivíduos, e um indivíduo solitário identificado. O estudo ocorreu entre dezembro de 2013 e dezembro de 2014 no Parque Estadual do Cantão, estado do Tocantins. Foram registrados 130 eventos de marcação territorial em 5 grupos, sendo 80 eventos no período de cheia e 50 eventos no período de seca. No período de cheia, 100% dos registros de marcação foi em latrinas comunais, e em contra partida, a maioria dos registros de marcação no período seco foi em complexos de locas e latrinas. Foi observado um total de marcação de territórios no período de cheia de 10,2 minutos e no período de seca de 8 minutos. Durante a cheia, foi registrado o tempo em horas continuas na presença dos grupos que correspondeu a 4h34minutos (n=10) e durante a seca o tempo foi de 52h41minutos (n=5). Para estimar os territórios de cada grupo, foi o utilizado o método MPC 100%. Os tamanhos dos territórios na cheia (0.1 - 16.2 km2) foram de 2 a 27 vezes maiores do que na estação seca (0.4 -1.49 km2) e a média da estimativa linear no período de cheia foi de 12,44 km e na seca de 4,19 km. Houve uma correlação significativa entre o tamanho de territórios e tamanho de grupos no período de cheia (r= 0.81, t = 3.16, p= 0.02), não apresentando, porém, relação significativa para o período seco (r= -0.26, t = -0.47, p= 0.66). Nos meses de seca, foi observada uma forte correlação negativa entre o tamanho do território e o tamanho da ninhada (r= -0.76, t= -1.19, p= 0.44). No Cantão, especialmente no período de cheia, a maioria dos grupos em algum momento sobrepôs os territórios de outros grupos, chegando até 4 grupos diferentes patrulhando o mesmo lago e em espaços de tempo curto. As sobreposições territoriais variaram de 6% a 28%. Sociedades de ariranhas são provavelmente moldadas pela dispersão espacial de lagos combinada com a abundância de alimentos e dispersão destes dentro de floresta de igapó no período de cheia. O partilhar de latrinas utilizadas nos lagos aponta para um caminho interessante para uma nova pesquisa sobre os comportamentos que podem surgir quando grupos diferentes de ariranhas patrulham ou usam suas escalas ampliadas na estação cheia.
The giant otter is a recognized social species, living in groups of 2 to 16 individuals with reproductive cooperative. Individuals of the same group often perform most of daily activities together. One form of organize spatially of animals living in society is defending a territory. The giant otter groups actively defend its territory with high vocalizations and agonism between groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know how the social organization is related in space and time. Assess whether there is a change in the group’s composition and size, as well as any difference between the size of the territories in the seasons – drought/dry season (DS) and flood/rainy season (RS). We observed 48 individuals in 12 groups (35 adults or sub-adults and 13 cubs of the year) and one solitary, totaling 49 individuals studied, 40 of these identified. The group sizes ranging from 2 to 12 individuals. The study took place between December 2013 and December 2014 at the State State Park of Cantão, Tocantins State, Brazil. We recorded 130 events of territorial marking in 5 groups, with 80 events during the RS and 50 during the DS. For the RS period, 100% of the marking records took place in communal latrines, meanwhile most of the marking records during the DS season happened in dens’ and latrines’ complexes. A total of territories marking was observed, with 10,2 minutes in the RS period and 8 minutes in the DS period. The time was recorded in continuous hours at the presence of the groups, corresponding to 4h 34 min (n = 10) during the RS, and 52 h 41min (n = 5) during the DS. To estimate each group areas a MPC 100% method was applied. The sizes of the territories in the RS (0.1 - 16.2 km2) have been 2 to 27 times greater than in the DS (0.4 - 1.49 km2); with the linear estimate averaging 4.19 km in the DS and 7.72 km in the RS. There was a significant correlation between the size of territories and groups in the RS period (r= 0.81, t = 3.16, p= 0.02) however, there was no significant relationship for the DS period (r= -0.26, t = -0.47, p= 0.66). During the ebb months, we observed a strong negative correlation between the size of the territory and the clutch (r= -0.76, t= -1.19, p= 0.44). At Cantão, especially in RS period, most groups overlapped each other territories at some point; reaching up to 4 different groups patrolling the same lake during short periods of time, with territorial overlaps ranging from 6% to 28%. Giant otters societies are probably shaped by the spatial dispersion of lakes combined through the food abundance and dispersion of both inside Igapó Forest in RS period. The sharing of latrines used in lakes indicates an interesting path to new research on the behaviors that can arise when different groups of giant otters are either patrolling or using their enlarged scales during the RS.
Calvimontes, J. 1977. "Bandidos na Serra do Mar? : conflitos, estratégias e usos múltiplos dos recursos naturais na Mata Atlântica, São Paulo." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280533.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O histórico da relação entre os moradores e os gestores do Núcleo Picinguaba do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar (PESM), localizado no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo, o mais rico e desenvolvido do país, está caracterizado pelos conflitos relacionados aos direitos de permanência e de uso dos recursos naturais. Criado em 1977, durante a última ditadura militar e seguindo premissas preservacionistas, o PESM permaneceu no papel até inícios dos anos 1980, quando começaram os primeiros contatos com os moradores. Estes moradores, trabalhadores do campo e pescadores, viram, então, deslegitimados seus direitos ao trabalho e à continuação de suas atividades produtivas e culturais. Desde então, passaram a serem considerados clandestinos, ilegais, irregulares ou, segundo suas próprias palavras, "bandidos", devido a que a legislação proíbe a presença permanente de moradores no interior das Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os conflitos, as ações, as estratégias e a organização dos diversos atores sociais (moradores, gestores, membros de ONG, membros do poder público, pesquisadores) vinculados ao Núcleo Picinguaba a respeito do uso dos recursos naturais e acesso a terra, e, finalmente, refletir se esta dinâmica influencia positivamente nos processos sociais associados à conservação da biodiversidade. Parto da ideia de que todos esses atores têm seus próprios interesses, suas próprias perspectivas, motivações, lutas e estratégias de ação, e se organizam ao redor delas numa arena muito complexa e de múltiplos níveis. Este conflito originou novas formas de organização social no PESM: lideranças locais surgiram e se formaram associações comunitárias que tinham por objetivo a luta pelo direito que os moradores consideravam violados. Ao longo dos últimos anos, o diálogo entre gestão e moradores tem se intensificado e novos espaços de discussão e negociação, assim como novos atores com seus próprios interesses, têm aparecido. Três questões são transversais a este conflito e às estratégias que os atores têm seguido ao longo dos anos: a questão da terra, a questão da identidade e a própria questão do uso e conservação dos recursos naturais. Assim, os moradores têm se organizado em torno à luta pelo direito a terra, recorrendo para isso a estratégias identitárias e a categorias como populações tradicionais, quilombolas e caiçaras. Tudo isto em um contexto de uma UC de Proteção Integral, localizada em uma região não só altamente biodiversa, mas com um forte histórico de uso dos recursos naturais e de ocupação humana
Abstract: The history of the relationship between inhabitants and managers of the Picinguaba Administrative Nucleus in the State Park of Serra do Mar (SPSM) is characterized by conflicts related to the rights to permanence and to the use of natural resources. The SMPS is located in the northern coast of São Paulo State, the richest and more developed state of Brazil. Created in 1977 during the last military dictatorship, the park followed a preservationist scheme. The SMSP remained on paper until the beginning of the 1980s decade, when the first contacts between the park administration staff and the inhabitants began. At this moment, these inhabitants, rural workers and fishermen, were delegitimized and lost their rights to work and to continue their cultural and productive activities. Since then, the inhabitants were considered illegal, irregular, clandestine or, on their own words, "bandits", due to the Brazilian law prohibiting the presence of inhabitants inside the Protected Areas with strictly protection. This research aims to analyze the conflicts, actions, strategies and organization of the different social actors (inhabitants, managers, members of NGOs, public power, and researchers) related to the Picinguaba Nucleus, about the use of natural resources and the access to land. Finally, it will evaluate if this dynamic influence the social processes associated to biodiversity conservation. I start from the idea that all these actors have their own interests, perspectives, motivations, struggles and action strategies, and organize themselves around them in a very complex and multi-level arena. This conflict caused new forms of social organization in the SPSM: local leaders arose and communal associations that aim the struggle for the inhabitants rights were created. During the last years, the dialogue between managers and inhabitants was intensified, and new spaces of negotiation and new actors with own interests have appeared. Three issues are transversal to this conflict and the strategies followed by the actors along the years: land issue, identity issue and use and conservation of natural resources issue. Thus, the inhabitants were organized around the struggle for their right to land, and using categories such as traditional people, caiçaras and quilombolas. All of this in a context with a Protected Area with strictly protection, located in a region not only with high biodiversity, but with a history of use of natural resources and human occupation
Doutorado
Aspectos Sociais de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
Drucker, Debora Pignatari 1978. "A integração da informação sobre biodiversidade e ecossistemas para embasar políticas de conservação : o projeto Biota Gradiente Funcional como estudo de caso." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280208.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: No Brasil, há numerosas instituições e cientistas que produzem conhecimento sobre nossos ecossistemas e muito já se sabe sobre nossa diversidade biológica. Novas descobertas e orientações para a tomada de decisão baseadas em conhecimento científico podem ser feitas pelo uso da informação que já existe, mas que em grande parte está dispersa, mal documentada e inacessível aos interessados. Uma integração é, portanto, necessária e pode ocorrer tanto por meio da consolidação de dados de estudos semelhantes, de forma a expandir escalas temporais e espaciais de análise, como pela associação de conhecimentos gerados por estudos com diferentes abordagens. Novas tecnologias computacionais que permitem lidar com informações de procedência diversa e características heterogêneas podem contribuir para representar o estado atual do conhecimento do sistema terrestre e para comunicar esse conhecimento entre os diversos atores interessados. Nessa direção, os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o sistema de informação desenvolvido para o Projeto Temático Biota Gradiente Funcional, como estudo de caso para a integração de dados ecológicos e de biodiversidade, e também discutir as aplicações e limitações desse sistema para a conservação e gestão ambiental. Para isso, proponho um arcabouço para investigar uma infraestrutura de informação sobre biodiversidade e discuto o potencial dessa infraestrutura como objeto-ponte entre ciência e processos de tomada de decisão em conservação e gestão ambiental; analiso também as características de dados ecológicos, boas práticas para documentá-los e algumas ferramentas existentes para gerenciá-los, de forma a promover a integração do conhecimento ecológico, descrevo as etapas de desenvolvimento do sistema de informação para o Projeto Temático Biota e o analiso pelas lentes do arcabouço de investigação proposto. O sistema foi eficiente para gerenciar os dados e metadados do Projeto fornecidos pelos pesquisadores. Foi possível recuperar a informação por consultas integradas tanto ao catálogo de metadados, pelo uso de palavras-chave, quanto à base de dados, pela seleção de variáveis e de parâmetros temporais e espaciais. A possibilidade de consultar qualquer variável de interesse, independentemente da associação com uma entidade taxonômica, configura um sistema de informação sobre biodiversidade original e inovador. No sistema estudado, a base de dados é verdadeiramente genérica: a única restrição é a exigência da informação espacial. Os resultados permitiram concluir que avanços em ferramentas computacionais para gerenciar dados de biodiversidade e ecossistemas permitem análises que potencializam o valor de dados coletados em pesquisas individuais. Para perpetuar iniciativas de desenvolvimento tecnológico, como a do sistema aqui investigado, é necessário empreender mais esforços, no sentido de se promoverem os arranjos institucionais, legislativos e administrativos que atuam como alicerces da infraestrutura da informação e conferem sustentabilidade dos sistemas a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, é preciso capacitar recursos humanos no uso e desenvolvimento desses recursos tecnológicos e promover a sensibilização dos atores envolvidos, a fim de tornar o compartilhamento e a curadoria de dados uma prática amplamente realizada
Abstract: There are numerous scientists and institutions that produce knowledge about Brazilian ecosystems, and a lot is already known about the biological diversity therein. New findings and guidelines for decision making based on scientific knowledge can be made by using information that already exists, but is largely dispersed, poorly documented and inaccessible to users. It is therefore necessary to integrate biodiversity information, which may occur by consolidating data from similar studies in order to expand temporal and spatial analysis scales, or by associating knowledge generated by studies with different approaches. New computer technologies are continuously developed by information scientists, providing opportunities for the Biodiversity Informatics field to improve its capacity of making sense of the growing amount of heterogeneous data of diverse provenance, thus contributing to represent the current state of knowledge on the Earth's Systems and to communicate this knowledge among the various stakeholders. This study aimed at analyzing the information system developed for the Thematic Project Biota Functional Gradient as a case study on biodiversity and ecological data integration, and at discussing the applications and limitations of this system for conservation and environmental management. To this end, I propose a framework for investigating biodiversity information infrastructures and discuss their potential as boundary objects between science and decision making in conservation and environmental management; analyze the characteristics of ecological data, the best practices to document them and some existing tools to manage them in order to promote the integration of ecological knowledge; describe the stages of development of the information system for the Thematic Project Biota and discuss it through the lens of the proposed analytical framework. The information system was efficient to manage data and metadata provided by researchers. Information retrieval was possible by querying the metadata catalog based on keywords, and by querying the database system based on the selection of variables and parameters of space and time. The ability to query any variable of interest, regardless of association with a taxonomic entity, set up an original and innovative information system on biodiversity. In the studied system, the database is truly generic: the only restriction is the mandatory requirement for spatial information. The results showed that advances on computational tools for managing biodiversity and ecosystem data enable analyses that maximize the value of data collected in individual surveys. To perpetuate technological development initiatives such as the system investigated here, it is necessary to undertake further efforts in order to promote institutional arrangements, legislation and administration that act as foundations for information infrastructures and provide sustainability over time. Furthermore, it is necessary to train human resources in the use and development of technological tools, and to promote awareness and a collaborative culture between the actors involved in order to make data sharing and curation widely adopted practices
Doutorado
Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação
Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
LaBonte, James R. "Habitat associations of riparian beetles (Coleoptera) at Big Beaver Creek Research Natural Area, North Cascades National Park, Washington." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/32455.
Full textGraduation date: 2002
Behforouz, Kavon Benjamin. "Community structure and composition changes of two old-growth forests at Versailles State Park in southeastern Indiana." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1709511.
Full textDepartment of Biology