Academic literature on the topic 'Cranial Breadth'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cranial Breadth"
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Abdullayev, Anar. "The Correlation Between the Foramen Magnum Dimensions and the Main Craniometric Data of the Skull." Traumatology and Orthopаedics of Kazakhstan 72, no. 2 (2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52889/1684-9280-2024-2-72-25-32.
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The purpose of the study was to study the correlation between the length and width of the foramen magnum and the craniometric data of the skull. Methods. The research material consisted of 200 skulls. There were 20 skulls of adolescence age, I adulthood age 68, II adulthood age 72, and elderly age 40. In total, there were 86 male skulls and 114 female skulls. Foramen magnum length is measured as the mid-sagittal distance from the most anterior point on the foramen magnum to opisthion. Foramen magnum breadth is gauged between the lateral margins of the foramen magnum at the point of greatest lateral curvature. A non-parametric ρ-Spearman's rank correlation was used in the study. Results. A correlation between the foramen magnum length and foramen magnum breadth is identified (r=0.479, P<0.001).The foramen magnum length positively correlates with maximum cranial length, nasio-occipital length, bizygomatic breadth, basion-bregma height, cranial base length, basion-prosthion length, biauricular breadth, upper facial breadth, left and right orbital breadths, left and right orbital height, biorbital breadth, interorbital breadth, frontal chord, biasterionic breadth, bimaxillary breadth, and zygoorbitale breadth. The foramen magnum breadth positively correlates with maximum cranial length, nasio-occipital length, bizygomatic breadth, basion-bregma height, cranial base length, basion-prosthion length, maxilla-alveolar breadth, maxilla-alveolar length, biauricular breadth, upper facial breadth, nasal height, left and right orbital breadths, left and right orbital heights, biorbital breadth, frontal chord, parietal chord, bimaxillary breadth, and zygoorbitale breadth. Conclusion. The fact that the length and breadth of the foramen magnum positively correlate with many basic craniometric indicators allows us to regard the foramen itself, or rather, the structures limiting it, as quite stable.
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Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke and Ukoha Ukoha. "Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (2024): 035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.1.0111.
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Objective: To determine the cranial index, upper facial index and frontal index of dry human crania in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 150 dry adult male crania were studied in two geopolitical zones (Southeast and Southsouth) in Nigeria. Measurements were taken with spreading caliper and Vernier caliper. The following variables were measured: Maximum cranial length (MCL, g-op), Maximum cranial breadth (MCB, eu-eu), Minimum frontal breadth (MFB, ft–ft), Upper facial height (UFH, n-pr) and Bizygomatic breadth (BZB, zy-zy). From these variables, cranial index (CI), frontal index (FI) and upper facial index (UFI) were calculated. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Result: In the Southeast group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 181.4 (±10.3), 135.3 (±6.7), 135.3 (±6.0), 68.0 (±4.1) and 97.9 (±7.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 180.0 (±7.8), 133.9 (±6.7), 135.0 (±7.2), 67.5 (±6.6), and 98.1 (±4.9) respectively. There was no significant difference in these means between the Southeast and Southsouth groups. In the Southeast group, the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 75.1 (±5.9), 72.7 (±5.9), and 50.5 (±3.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 74.5 (±4.0), 73.3 (±3.6) and 50.0 (±4.4) respectively. There was no significant difference in the means of the cranial indices among the two groups. Conclusion: The crania in the southern part of Nigeria are dolichocephalic, eurymetopia and mesene type.
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Chijioke, Mmadueke Okeke, and Ukoha Ukoha. "Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (2024): 035–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11955147.
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<strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the cranial index, upper facial index and frontal index of dry human crania in Nigeria. <strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 150 dry adult male crania were studied in two geopolitical zones (Southeast and Southsouth) in Nigeria. Measurements were taken with spreading caliper and Vernier caliper. The following variables were measured: Maximum cranial length (MCL, g-op), Maximum cranial breadth (MCB, eu-eu), Minimum frontal breadth (MFB, ft–ft), Upper facial height (UFH, n-pr) and Bizygomatic breadth (BZB, zy-zy). From these variables, cranial index (CI), frontal index (FI) and upper facial index (UFI) were calculated. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). <strong>Result</strong>: In the Southeast group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 181.4 (±10.3), 135.3 (±6.7), 135.3 (±6.0), 68.0 (±4.1) and 97.9 (±7.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group, the values of MCL, MCB, BZB, UFH and MFB (in mm) were 180.0 (±7.8), 133.9 (±6.7), 135.0 (±7.2), 67.5 (±6.6), and 98.1 (±4.9) respectively. There was no significant difference in these means between the Southeast and Southsouth groups. In the Southeast group, the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 75.1 (±5.9), 72.7 (±5.9), and 50.5 (±3.4) respectively. In the Southsouth group the mean values of CI, FI and UFI (in %) were 74.5 (±4.0), 73.3 (±3.6) and 50.0 (±4.4) respectively. There was no significant difference in the means of the cranial indices among the two groups. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The crania in the southern part of Nigeria are dolichocephalic, eurymetopia and mesene type.
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Kumar, Pankaj, and Sadakat Ali. "A study on morphometry of cranium and its index in dry human skulls of north India." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 11, no. 2 (2024): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.020.
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Cranial indices, derived from skull measurements, are fundamental tools in cranial anthropometry. Establishing standard values for these indices is crucial for anatomists and craniofacial surgeons performing cranial reconstructions. This study aimed to establish baseline data on cranial morphology and calculate cranial indices. One hundred dry skulls of unknown sex were measured in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. Cranial length and breadth were measured, and the cranial index was calculated. Cranial types were also classified. The mean cranial length was 190.90 mm, with a mean breadth of 139.40 mm. The cranial index was 73.03. Mesocranic (48%) and dolichocranic (42%) skulls were the most prevalent, while brachycranic (8%) and hyper-brachycranic (2%) skulls were less common. This study provides baseline data on cranial morphometry in an unknown population sample. The results suggest a predominance of mesocranic and dolichocranic head shapes.
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Lopez Capp, Thais Torralbo, Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva, Marcio Yara Buscatti, Edgard Michel Crosato, and Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic. "Sex estimation of Brazilian skulls using discriminant analysis of cranial measurements." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (2021): e266101018760. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18760.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cranial measurements for estimation of sex in the Brazilian population and develop discriminant formulas with a reference table to be used as a reference on Brazilian Forensic Anthropology studies. The total sample was comprised of 100 skulls from an osteological collection and 200 computed tomography. The measure’s protocol comprised 51 cranial measurements and it was based on 29 cranial landmarks. The results of the univariate comparison of cranial measurements showed a higher mean for male skulls, except for the following variables: zygoorbital breadth (diff=-2.21), interorbital breadth (diff=-0.72), nasal breadth (diff=-0.19) and palatal breadth (diff=-0.01). The paired test t analysis showed that the variables with the highest sexual dimorphism were maximum cranial length (p<0.001), Basion-Bregma height (p<0.001), cranial base length (p<0.001), nasal height (p<0.001), bizigomatic breadth (p<0.001), left Porion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right Asterion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right (p<0.001) and left (p<0.001) mastoid length. The multivariate discriminant analysis of the cranial measurements of the Brazilian sample showed a percentage of accuracy between 82-90%. The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls in the sample. The regression formulas and the reference table presented satisfactory results for sex estimation in a Brazilian population. The validation process of the discriminant functions and the reference table showed a percentage of accuracy between-74.2-85.7% The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls of the analyzed sample.
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Gollapalli, Shashi Bhushan. "A study to estimate the cranial capacity in 100 dry human skull bones." Medpulse International Journal of Anatomy 19, no. 1 (2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26611/10011914.
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Background: Craniometry is the scientific measurement of the skull useful for anthropometry and forensic practice. Cranial index variations between and within population have been attributed to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The morphometric and non-morphometric studies of human skulls are very helpful for identification of the sex and age by anthropologist and forensic practice. Cranial dimensions and Cranial indices are considered as simplest and most efficient way to indicate facial differences. Materials and Methods: The present study will constitute 100 dried adult skulls belonging to both sexes available in the department of anatomy and forensic medicine RRMC and H, MS Ramaiah medical college and Sapthagiri medical college, Bangalore. Results: The mean cranial index of the skulls were 76.989 which classifies them under mesocephalic type and we find a significant correlation between the cranial index and the length height and breadth height index with the p value coming below 0.001. Conclusion: The mean, SD of all the parameters to calculate is mentioned in table 1. The mean cranial index is 76.989 with the standard deviation of 5.8775, that of length height index was 76.991 with SD of 4.4615 And that of breadth height index was 100.268 with SD of 5.4350. There is a significant correlation between the cranial index, the length height and breadth height indices. With a correlation value of 0.681 for length height index and -0.635 for breadth height index. Both had a p value <0.001.
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Baláž, Ivan, Filip Tulis, and Michal Ševčík. "Biometric Analysis of Cranial and Somatic Features in the Pannonian Root Vole." Animals 11, no. 2 (2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020576.
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The Pannonian root vole Alexandromys oeconomus ssp. mehelyi represents a rare glacial relict, whose occurrence is nowadays bound to several areas in Europe. Four somatic and 25 craniological features were analysed, based on 355 measured specimens. Sex is a significant factor affecting the average value of all four somatic features, where all of them achieve higher values in males than in females. While body length and tail length were also affected by seasons, body weight and the length of the hind foot were stable features present across the seasons. In cranial features, the largest variability in the adult population is characterised by neurocranium breadth (LaN), total length of the cranial base (LB), and skull (LCr); whereas the smallest variability of the cranial dimensions is reflected in the values of the greatest palatal breadth (PS) and postorbital breadth (Io). Calculating the weight from cranial remains may be used to estimate the size of the prey and to determine vole biomass consumed by predators, such as raptors, highlighting the utility of studying feeding ecology.
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Waltenberger, Lukas, Stefan Lettner, Anton Dobsak, Martin Dockner, Lena Hirtler, and Stefan Tangl. "Sexual Dimorphism of the Lateral Angle of the Petrous Bone in Children: Growth Patterns and the Influence of Cranial Width." Biology 14, no. 6 (2025): 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14060628.
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Background: The lateral angle of the internal acoustic meatus of the petrous bone is a sexually dimorphic feature used for sex determination, particularly in fragmented or cremated remains. However, studies show conflicting results regarding its accuracy, and the reasons for its dimorphism remain unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze sexual dimorphism in subadult individuals and to examine the association of the lateral angle with cranial breadth as an explanation for its sexual dimorphism, as well as interpopulation differences. Methods: We measured the lateral angle and biauricular breadth in 204 individuals (birth to 30 years) using CT scans from Austrian 19th-century anatomical collections and data from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. Results: This study revealed that the sexual dimorphism of the lateral angle and cranial dimensions manifests during puberty, along with a strong association between the lateral angle and the biauricular breadth. Additionally, this study noted interpopulation variability in cranial breadth, with different levels of sexual dimorphism observed across diverse populations. Conclusions: The findings offer a potential explanation for the observed variability in lateral angle measurements across studies and the limitations of universal cut-off points as a sex-determination method in osteology.
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Khan, Mohammad Afzal, Muhammad Naeem Chaudhry, and Faris Mohammed Nour Altaf. "CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 08 (2015): 1034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.08.1151.
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Human body exhibits regular age, sex and race dependent proportions amongstits various segments relative to its height. Knowledge of the cranial morphometry is importantfrom clinical and forensic view point. The stature of a person being genetically predeterminedis an inherent characteristic, the estimation of which is considered to be important assessmentin identification of human remains. Norms of regression formulae for calculation of height arerequired for different populations. Objectives: To document norms for cranial dimensions andpresent linear regression formulae for stature prediction in adult male and female populationof Southern Punjab. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the MultanMedical and Dental College, Multan and took about fourteen months to complete. Materialand methods: The study was conducted on 672 adult individuals (430 males and 242 females)from in and around the city of Multan in Punjab. Measurements of the head including maximumcranial length (glabella-inion length), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter)and maximum auricular head height were taken. Results were expressed as mean ± SD.Height was measured in standing anatomical position. Correlation coefficient of Pearsonwas used to find the relationship between various cranial dimensions using which the linearregression formulae to predict the stature were derived. Results: The mean height of the studypopulation was found to be significantly different between genders. The males appeared tobe considerably taller than females. The mean cranial length, cranial breadth and auricularhead height the measurements were larger significantly in the males as compared to females.Pearson’s correlation coefficient between stature and cranial measurements was found to behighly positive for both sexes. Linear regression formulae to predict the stature from the cranialdimensions were derived. Conclusion: The study is conducted to document norms for cranialdimensions and it presented gender specific linear regression models for stature prediction inadult South Punjab population.
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Prabha J, Ratna, and Uday Kumar. "Correlative Study of Length and Breadth of Mastoid Process with Cranial Index in North Karnataka Crania." Indian Journal of Anatomy 8, no. 2 (2019): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ija.2320.0022.8219.7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cranial Breadth"
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Ijhaish, Rania. "The effect of environmental turbulence and innovativeness on the breadth of marketing research activities within firms /cRania Ijhaish." Thesis, 1994. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/6140/1/MM97606.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cranial Breadth"
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Breast cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0014_update_001.
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Thoracic cancer examines the epidemiology, aetiology, and role of screening and prevention in the reduction of deaths from lung cancer, the majority caused by cigarette smoking. The pathology and genetics of lung cancer, with particular note of the driver mutations, are followed by the symptoms and signs of the disease. Appropriate investigations are described to stage the tumour. The optimum treatment for localised non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgical resection, followed in some cases by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, most cases present with disease too advanced for surgery, and for these chemotherapy and radiotherapy are appropriate. Metastatic NSCLC can be treated with platinum based doublet chemotherapy with modest palliative benefits. Metastatic NSCLC with specific driver mutations are amenable to control by targeted therapy. Locally advanced NSCLC is often treated with similar chemotherapy and radiotherapy, ideally administered concurrently, to achieve symptom relief but also improved survival rates. Short course simple radiotherapy offers symptom relief in patients not fit for chemotherapy. Patients with localised NSCLC who are not fit for surgery, may benefit from radical radiotherapy, particularly stereotactic radiotherapy. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterised by almost universal systemic spread, so that surgery is rarely appropriate. Staging is similar to NSCLC, and chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, usually cisplatin or carboplatin combined with etoposide. When possible, this is combined with concurrent thoracic irradiation covering all radiological sites of disease. Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the risk of CNS disease. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is caused by occupational asbestos exposure. Symptoms and signs, investigation and staging, and management are discussed. Thymic tumours, their pathology, presenting symptoms including paraneoplastic syndromes, investigation, staging and treatment are reviewed.
Book chapters on the topic "Cranial Breadth"
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Hefner, Joseph T., and Kandus C. Linde. "Interorbital Breadth." In Atlas of Human Cranial Macromorphoscopic Traits. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814385-8.00005-7.
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Young, Mark, Andrew Rubens, and Antje M. Barreveld. "Interventional Techniques and Surgical Management of Pain." In Pain Care Essentials, edited by Michele L. Matthews and Benjamin S. Kematick. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199768912.003.0012.
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Chapter 11 describes many of the most common interventional and surgical procedures performed in the field of chronic pain medicine. They are discussed in a cranial to caudal pattern, and this is done not only for logical arrangement but also to highlight the breadth of procedures that are utilized in practice. Interventional and surgical pain management techniques using image or landmark guidance may provide diagnostic and therapeutic relief for patients suffering from pain. Performed by formally trained and experienced proceduralists, interventions, in conjunction with other multimodal strategies such as medications, physical therapy, and behavioral therapies, can be useful techniques for helping patients achieve improved function and pain relief. Benefits may be short or longer term, depending on the interventional strategy utilized. Indications, evidence, and risks must be considered when choosing the most appropriate interventional options for a patient.
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Allmon, Warren D. "The Structure Of Gould Happenstance, Humanism, History, and the Unity of His View of Life." In Stephen Jay Gould. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195373202.003.0001.
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Abstract Once, in responding to critics who had attempted to link his views on another topic to punctuated equilibrium, Steve Gould wrote, “I do have other interests, after all” (1982f, 88; see also 2002c, 1005). This was of course very true. Steve read, thought, traveled, talked, and wrote across a wide expanse of time, space, and subjects. He sang Bach and Gilbert and Sullivan; loved architecture, baseball, and numerical coincidences; collected beautiful old books; met with the pope about nuclear war; corresponded with Jimmy Carter about God; once appeared on a TV talk show as an expert on conjoined twins; and published technical papers on allometry, snails, Irish Elks, eurypterids, pelycosaurian reptiles, clams, receptaculitids, the history of paleontology, and human cranial capacity. Despite this breadth, however, one of the central facts of his professional life was that essentially all of his interests were, proximately or ultimately, interconnected in a unusually coherent and explicitly stated intellectual view, not only of the history of Earth and its life but also of the philosophy of science and the nature of human thought.
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"Glossary: ‘Breath of Life’, ‘Potency’, ‘Fulcrum’ and other concepts." In Cranial Osteopathy. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044307499-8.50028-4.
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Hutchinson, P. J., and J. D. Pickard. "Brain death and the vegetative state." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.240506.
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Death can be defined as the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness and brain stem function, combined with irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe. The irreversible cessation of brainstem function, whether caused by a primary intracranial catastrophe (e.g. trauma, haemorrhage) or the result of extracranial cranial events (e.g hypoxia), will result in the same clinical state, hence brain stem death is the same as death of the patient....
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Wilkinson, Ian B., Tim Raine, Kate Wiles, Peter Hateley, Dearbhla Kelly, and Iain McGurgan. "History and examination." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 11th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198844013.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter discusses taking a history and examination of a patient. It includes systemic enquiry, non-specific symptoms, physical examination, non-specific signs, cardiovascular system, pulses, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds, cardiac murmurs, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, abdomen, neurological system, mental health examination cranial nerves, musculoskeletal examination, peripheral vascular system, genitourinary system, breast, thyroid, higher mental function, and method and order for a routine examination.
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Wilkinson, Ian B., Tim Raine, Kate Wiles, Anna Goodhart, Catriona Hall, and Harriet O’Neill. "History and examination." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689903.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses taking a history and examination of a patient. It includes symptoms, systemic enquiry, physical examination, signs, cardiovascular system, pulses, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds, cardiac murmurs, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, abdomen, neurological system, cranial nerves, musculoskeletal examination, peripheral vascular system, genitourinary system, breast, thyroid, speech and higher mental function, movement disorders, psychiatric assessment, and method and order for a routine examination.
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Usha N., Sriraam N., Kavya N., et al. "Effect of GLCM Texture Features on the Medio-Lateral Oblique (MLO) View of Digital Mammograms for Breast Cancer Detection." In Research Anthology on Medical Informatics in Breast and Cervical Cancer. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7136-4.ch035.
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Breast cancer is one among the most common cancers in women. The early detection of breast cancer reduces the risk of death. Mammograms are an efficient breast imaging technique for breast cancer screening. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems reduce manual errors and helps radiologists to analyze the mammogram images. The mammogram images are typically in two views, cranial-caudal (CC) and medio lateral oblique (MLO) views. MLO contains pectoral muscles (chest muscles) at the upper right or left corner of the image. In this study, it was removed by using a semi-automated method. All the normal and abnormal images were filtered and enhanced to improve the quality. GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) texture features were extracted and analyzed by changing the number of features in a feature set. Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM) was used as classifier. The classification accuracy was improved as the number of features in GLCM feature set increases. Simulation results show an overall classification accuracy of 96.7% with 19 GLCM features using SVM classifiers.
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Fotuhi, Majid, Ali Mian, Somayeh Meysami, and Cyrus A. Raji. "Neurobiology of COVID-19." In Handbook of Prevention and Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad230060.
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Anosmia, stroke, paralysis, cranial nerve deficits, encephalopathy, delirium, meningitis, and seizures are some of the neurological complications in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which is caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). There remains a challenge to determine the extent to which neurological abnormalities in COVID-19 are caused by SARS-Cov2 itself, the exaggerated cytokine response it triggers, and/or the resulting hypercoagulapathy and formation of blood clots in blood vessels throughout the body and the brain. In this article, we review the reports that address neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 who may present with acute neurological symptoms (e.g., stroke), even without typical respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, or shortness of breath. Next, we discuss the different neurobiological processes and mechanisms that may underlie the link between SARS-Cov2 and COVID-19 in the brain, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Finally, we propose a basic “NeuroCovid” classification scheme that integrates these concepts and highlights some of the short-term challenges for the practice of neurology today and the long-term sequalae of COVID-19 such as depression, OCD, insomnia, cognitive decline, accelerated aging, Parkinson’s disease, or Alzheimer’s disease in the future. In doing so, we intend to provide a basis from which to build on future hypotheses and investigations regarding SARS-Cov2 and the nervous system.
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Proud, Virginia K., and Miriam D. Rosenthal. "HMG-CoA Lyase Deficiency." In Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176872.003.0020.
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Abstract D.E.C. was a normal female infant (weight 6 lb 4 oz, length 20 inches) born via spontaneous vaginal delivery to an 18-year-old primigravida (first pregnancy). The pregnancy was unplanned and complicated only by maternal use of antidepressants (Zoloft and Depakote) during the first months of gestation. When D.E.C. was 1 month of age, she appeared to have macrocephaly and mild hypotonia; a cranial sector scan was performed and was normal. She was initially breast-fed but was a poor feeder, had gastroesophageal reflux, and gained weight slowly (Fig. 20-1). She sweated profusely when sleeping, and at 4 months of age had hypotonia and poor head control.
Conference papers on the topic "Cranial Breadth"
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Nascimento, Ranier Colbek, and Sabrina Ribas Freitas. "A 29-YEAR-OLD PREGNANT WOMAN WITH METASTATIC BREAST CANCER: A CASE REPORT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2107.
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Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is defined as a breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, lactation, or in the first postpartum year. PABC is a rare complication that occurs in approximately 0.01% to 0.03% of all pregnancies. The difficulty in diagnosis worsens the prognosis. D.G., 29-year-old, female, noted a mass in her right breast in June 2020. One month later with 13+4 weeks’ gestation, she presented to the obstetrics emergency with recurrent episodes of lower back pain. She was released home with pain relief and was instructed to realize a mammography due to the presence of a 4-cm mass on physical examination of the right breast. Patient returned 12 days later with severe low back pain, a BIRADS 4C mammography, and multiple liver lesions in total abdomen ultrasound. Core-needle biopsy demonstrated a stage II invasive ductal carcinoma with hormone receptors positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. There is involvement of the axilla and intramammary lymph nodes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower back and sacroiliac joint was performed and found multiple lesions suspected of metastasis in the inferior thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ilium, and femurs. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax identified a 2.3×1.8 cm irregular lesion in the right breast compatible with the primary neoplasm. Chemotherapy was initiated till she was 31 weeks’ gestation. After childbirth, she reinitiates chemotherapy. Three months later, the patient has convulsive episodes. Cranial CT was done and found multiple lesions compatible with brain metastasis, so she initiated brain radiotherapy. PABC can present itself as a challenging situation with nonspecific symptoms and at an advanced stage. Therefore, it is important to have the PABC in our list of differential diagnoses in this patient.
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Kanda, Rafael Guimarães, Diego Silva Figueiredo, and Tania Aparecida Marchiori. "Mastocytosis, pachymeningitis and systemic neoplasia." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.763.
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Mastocytosis is a condition characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of dysfunctional mast cells in one or more organs. Diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity, non-specific symptoms, and imaging findings, requiring a combination of physical examination, histopathological findings, genomic testing, and laboratory results. In this report, we present the case of a 40-year-old female patient with a history of systemic mastocytosis who presented to the emergency department with a 10-day history of headache, dizziness, and visual disturbances. Physical examination revealed bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy, papillary edema, and a hardened right breast. The cerebrospinal fluid study showed an opening pressure of 76 cmH2 O and a closing pressure of 34 cmH2 O. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull and neuraxis showed pachymeningitis, a recent ischemic lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere, bilateral optic neuropathy, multiple bone lesions, and pathological fractures throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine.Ppositron emission tomography-computed tomography showed hypermetabolism in the right breast and liver, with a breast and liver biopsy confirming neoplasia. Mastocytosis can cause acute and chronic nervous system disorders, including headache, anxiety, memory loss, and vertigo/dizziness, with mostly unspecific magnetic resonance imaging imaging. The etiology of the intracranial hypertension finding was extensively discussed by the assisting team. A deep literature review was conducted on mastocytosis with pachymeningitis, which is extremely rare. No sign of meningeal carcinomatosis was found, leading us to believe that mast cell infiltration may have been possible. A meningeal biopsy was suggested to confirm mast cell infiltration, but it was not performed due to the increased risk to the patient. The patient’s complications were likely caused by mastocytosis, either through mast cell infiltration or an increased predisposition to neoplasms.
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Kaplan, MA, A. Inal, M. Kucukoner, Z. Urakci, and A. Isikdogan. "P4-17-08: Is Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Necessary for Staging of Asymptomatic HER2−Positive Breast Cancer Patients?" In Abstracts: Thirty-Fourth Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 6‐10, 2011; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p4-17-08.
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Duan, Xiaoyu, Pranjal Sahu, Hailiang Huang, and Wei Zhao. "Scatter correction with deep learning approach for contrast enhanced digital breast tomosynthesis (CEDBT) in both cranio-caudal (CC) view and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view." In Fifteenth International Workshop on Breast Imaging, edited by Chantal Van Ongeval, Nicholas Marshall, and Hilde Bosmans. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2564358.
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Sasikala, S., M. Bharathi, M. Ezhilarasi, and S. Arunkumar. "Breast Cancer Detection Based on Medio-Lateral ObliqueView and Cranio-Caudal View Mammograms: An Overview." In 2019 IEEE 10th International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icawst.2019.8923184.
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Wang, Zhiwei, Junlin Xian, Kangyi Liu, Xin Li, Qiang Li, and Xin Yang. "Dual-view Correlation Hybrid Attention Network for Robust Holistic Mammogram Classification." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/168.
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Mammogram image is important for breast cancer screening, and typically obtained in a dual-view form, i.e., cranio-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO), to provide complementary information for clinical decisions. However, previous methods mostly learn features from the two views independently, which violates the clinical knowledge and ignores the importance of dual-view correlation in the feature learning. In this paper, we propose a dual-view correlation hybrid attention network (DCHA-Net) for robust holistic mammogram classification. Specifically, DCHA-Net is carefully designed to extract and reinvent deep feature maps for the two views, and meanwhile to maximize the underlying correlations between them. A hybrid attention module, consisting of local relation and non-local attention blocks, is proposed to alleviate the spatial misalignment of the paired views in the correlation maximization. A dual-view correlation loss is introduced to maximize the feature similarity between corresponding strip-like regions with equal distance to the chest wall, motivated by the fact that their features represent the same breast tissues, and thus should be highly-correlated with each other. Experimental results on the two public datasets, i.e., INbreast and CBIS-DDSM, demonstrate that the DCHA-Net can well preserve and maximize feature correlations across views, and thus outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods for classifying a whole mammogram as malignant or not.
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Judy, Brendan F., A. Daniel Davidar, Andrew Hersh, et al. "Robotic cervical fixation and sEEG depth electrode placement – pushing the boundaries." In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics: "MedTech Reimagined". The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2022.79.
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The ExcelsiusGPS (Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA) robot received clearance from the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in 2017 with the first in human use for lumbar spine instrumentation at Johns Hopkins Hospital the same year. The applications of the robot soon expanded with the first interbody cage placement in 2020 and first deep brain stimulation performed in 2021. A metanalysis by Kosmopoulos et al1 found that of 37,337 pedicle screws implanted by freehand, 34,107 (91.3%) were found to be placed accurately. Furthermore, there was a higher rate of accuracy in the navigation group (95.2%) compared to without navigation (90.3%). Initial studies with the ExcelsiusGPS robot reported successful lumbar pedicle screw placement rate of 97.4% (339/348)2 and 99% (555/562).3 The ExcelsiusGPS robot has been shown to increase screw placement accuracy enabling utilization of longer screw length and diameters, reduce radiation exposure and surgical time.4 While conventional uses of the robot in spine surgery are pedicle screw placement and sacroiliac fusion, newer navigated interbody placement software hopes to minimize spinal cord injury during interbody placement. Current use in cranial surgery include biopsy, deep brain stimulation, and stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG). High cervical fixation involving C1 and C2 is a complex surgery with potentially severe complications including screw malposition causing damage to neural and/or vascular structures. In a study evaluating the accuracy of free-hand technique of C2 pars screw placement, 11% of screws were mispositioned using the cortical-breach grading system5. Among high cervical transarticular screws, the most common complication included screw misposition at 7% while vertebral artery injury occurred in about 3% of patients6. It was noted that anatomic constraints for this procedure involve alignment of C1 and C2 while inadequate reduction of C1 and C2 contributed to screw misposition. Due to these complications, higher accuracy is needed. Common complications of depth electrode placement for sEEG are hemorrhage related (eg: subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma or intracerebral hemorrhage) and hardware related complications such as malpositioning, electrode fracture, or electrode-recording malfunction7. Robotic navigation aims to reduce these events and increase accuracy. Here we report the first case series of high cervical fixation and sEEG depth electrode placement using the ExcelsiusGPS robot.
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Canney, PA, J. Paul, E. Murray, and L.-A. Lewsley. "Abstract P4-11-12: Neurocognitive Function and Quality of Life of Patients Treated within a Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial Testing the Role of Prophylactic Cranial Radiotherapy (PCI) in Patients Treated with Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) for Metastatic Breast Cancer. The Anglo Celtic VII Trial." In Abstracts: Thirty-Third Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 8‐12, 2010; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p4-11-12.
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Li, Peng. "Orthogonal Curve Analysis of Human Scalp Shape." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001897.
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This paper presents a shape analysis on orthogonal feature curves of 3D bald head scans with the intention of predicting scalp shape under the hair. While there are currently a number of large scale 3D head data collections available around the world, they unfortunately all suffer from hair obstruction preventing an accurate description of true scalp shape. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between a small set of head anthropometric measurements and the feature curves of the scalp shape based on a small set of 3D bald head scans. The feature curves include scalp profile along the sagittal plane, coronal plane and a cross-sectional curve at the level of glabella.Introduction: The ever increasing availability of 3D scans of the human head has been a valuable source of information for improving head shape related equipment design and engineering with the goal of improving overall fit, sizing and comfort. However the existence of the hair prevents the actual recording and analysis of true scalp shape, and thus the analysis of scalp shape remains an elusive work. For this reason, much of the data analysis based on 3D head scans is mostly limited on facial shape and some facial landmarks. To overcome this limitation, it is desirable to be able to reconstruct the cranium shape from a few easy to obtain anthropometric measurements. In order to achieve this goal we obtained three orthogonal feature curves from 83 bald head scans and build regression equation between principal component scores of these curves and a number of head measurements such as head length, head breadth and tragion-to-top of head distance. The prediction error of these equations are evaluated. The approach: A total of 83 bald head scans taken in the 2012 anthropometric survey of US Army personnel (ANSUR II) from male soldiers are available for the analysis. From these bald head scans we identified three feature curves that principally define the scalp shape. These curves are a profile along the sagittal plane, a profile curve along the coronal plane and a cross-sectional curve at glabella level. These curves are then sampled in an equal angular space and grouped by their respective plane. The collection of each feature curves forms a shape space. We applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to those shape curves and decomposed the shape variation of each curve group into its respective principal axes. After conducting the PCA each curve group has a reduced dimension of 4~5 principal components that account for 95% of total variance. It shows major shape variations within each feature curve group. Then we apply multiple linear regression to the above head measurements and PCA scores of each curve group (Principal component regression or PCR). The regression equations for each curve and each PC were evaluated for their predicting power. From these regression equations the constituent feature curves can be selected from respective shape space based on head anthropometric measurements. Then PCR was also applied to the shape space of combined three curves as compared to prediction power in individual curve spaces.The results and discussion: PCR results from all orthogonal curve spaces and combined three curve space have similar predicting power as their R-squared value falling between 0.6 ~ 0.7. With a set of feature curves it is possible to further derive a 3D shape of the scalp. Although the three head measurements used in this study are effectively correlated to the first and second principal component in each group, other principal components contribute to subtle shape variations. This is an area need further analysis. We will also investigate methods to predicting 3D scalp shape from three feature curves and accuracy of the reconstruction of 3D scalp from those curves.