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Journal articles on the topic 'Cranial measurements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Scioletti, Massimo, Dino Scioletti, Andrea Ferrara, et al. "Correlations Among New Dental and Cranial Measurements." Dental Anthropology Journal 29, no. 1 (2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v29i1.31.

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Cranial and dental anthropometry is commonly used in many areas of research, e.g., in forensicanthropology and paleoanthropology. We propose new craniometric and dental landmarks and distancesthat may have important applications in physical anthropology. Furthermore, a classical anthropometricalapproach was applied to quantify the correlation between dental and cranial measurements,which were taken on 30 Middle Ages adult crania from Sardinia (Italy).Principal components analysis was performed to explore the correlations among inter-landmark distances.The first component showed correlations be

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2

Khan, Mohammad Afzal, Muhammad Naeem Chaudhry, and Faris Mohammed Nour Altaf. "CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 08 (2015): 1034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.08.1151.

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Human body exhibits regular age, sex and race dependent proportions amongstits various segments relative to its height. Knowledge of the cranial morphometry is importantfrom clinical and forensic view point. The stature of a person being genetically predeterminedis an inherent characteristic, the estimation of which is considered to be important assessmentin identification of human remains. Norms of regression formulae for calculation of height arerequired for different populations. Objectives: To document norms for cranial dimensions andpresent linear regression formulae for stature predictio

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POP, Xenia, Alexandru GUDEA, and Aurel DAMIAN. "Applied Craniometry for Dog Skulls from the Pecica-„Șanțul Mare” (Arad County) and Sântion (Bihor County) Bronze Age Sites." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 75, no. 2 (2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2018.0005.

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The present study deals with the craniometrical investigation carried on 4 dog crania originating from archaeological diggings dated from Bronze Age in Pecica-„Șanțul Mare”(Arad County) and Sântion (Bihor County). In order to determine the typology of the crania, the classical osteometrical methods were applied, with several cranian point measurements. The cranial, the cranian and facial indices helped us in the morphometrical characterisation of the canid skulls studied. Our results show the prevalence of the mesocephalic individuals in Pecica-„Șanțul Mare” and Sântion.

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Pastor-Pons, Iñaki, María Orosia Lucha-López, Marta Barrau-Lalmolda, et al. "Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of Cranial Anthropometric Measurements in Infants with Positional Plagiocephaly." Children 7, no. 12 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120306.

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(1) Background: anthropometric measurements with calipers are used to objectify cranial asymmetry in positional plagiocephaly but there is controversy regarding the reliability of different methodologies. Purpose: to analyze the interrater and intrarater reliability of direct anthropometric measurements with caliper on defined craniofacial references in infants with positional plagiocephaly. (2) Methods: 62 subjects (<28 weeks), with a difference of at least 5 mm between cranial diagonal diameters. Maximal cranial circumference, length and width and diagonal cranial diameters were measured.

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Nikolova, Silviya, Diana Toneva, and Gennady Agre. "Endocranial Morphology in Metopism." Biology 14, no. 7 (2025): 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070835.

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Comparative investigations on homogenous cranial series have demonstrated that metopism is linked to a specific configuration of the cranial vault; however, there are no comparative data concerning the endocranial morphology in this condition. This study aimed to compare the endocranial space in metopic and control crania using morphometric analysis and machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, a series of 230 (184 control and 46 metopic) dry crania of contemporary adult Bulgarian males were scanned using an industrial µCT system. The 3D coordinates of 47 landmarks were collected on the e

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Maedomari, Taishin, Hiroshi Miyabayashi, Yukari Tanaka, et al. "Cranial Shape Measurements Obtained Using a Caliper and Elastic Bands Are Useful for Brachycephaly and Deformational Plagiocephaly Screening." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 8 (2023): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082787.

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We assessed a method for screening the cranial shape of 1-month-old infants using a simple measuring instrument instead of a three-dimensional scanner. The Mimos craniometer was used to measure cranial length, cranial width, and two diagonal lengths to calculate the cranial index (CI) and cranial asymmetry (CA). We defined a CI > 90% as brachycephaly and CA > 5 mm as deformational plagiocephaly (DP). Intra- and inter-examiner accuracy analyses were performed on a dummy doll and 1-month-old infants. The measurements of healthy 1-month-old infants were compared with previously reported thr

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Schwandt, C. S., S. Scharvogel, and M. J. Bielecki. "Effect of tibial subluxation on the measurements for tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 06 (2014): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-14-02-0018.

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SummaryObjectives: The main objectives were to evaluate the impact of femorotibial subluxation on the preoperative measurements for tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) by defining radiographic landmarks and testing the repeatability for assessing cranial tibial subluxation (CTS). Also, we aimed at developing a formula to calculate the necessary adjustment in measurement of TTA in stifles with CTS.Methods: Forty stifles were used to examine the influence of CTS on preoperative TTA measurements before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament. Mediolateral radiographs were obtained

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Denny, Ceena, Mohana Bhoraskar, Sabiha Abdul Aziz Shaikh, Bastian T S, Nanditha Sujir, and Srikant Natarajan. "Investigating the link between frontal sinus morphology and craniofacial characteristics with sex: A 3D CBCT study on the South Indian population." F1000Research 12 (September 11, 2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.137008.2.

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Background: Measurement of craniofacial parameters plays an important role in sex determination in forensic science. The present study was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to evaluate the morphologic structure of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the width of nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width which might help us in sex determination. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using 142 full field of view (FOV) scans of patients archived from the department. The width of the nose, cranium, maxilla, and mandibular width was measured and c

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Denny, Ceena, Mohana Bhoraskar, Sabiha Abdul Aziz Shaikh, Bastian T S, Nanditha Sujir, and Srikant Natarajan. "Investigating the link between frontal sinus morphology and craniofacial characteristics with sex: A 3D CBCT study on the South Indian population." F1000Research 12 (July 11, 2023): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.137008.1.

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Background: Measurement of craniofacial parameters plays an important role in sex determination in forensic science. The present study was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to evaluate the morphologic structure of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the width of nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width which might help us in sex determination. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using 142 full field of view (FOV) scans of patients archived from the department. The width of the nose, cranium, maxilla, and mandibular width was measured and c

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Arnold, Wolfgang H., Victora A. Fedorischeva, Ella A. Naumova, and Nikolay I. Yabluchansky. "Craniometric measurements of artificial cranial deformations in Eastern European skulls." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 66, no. 2 (2008): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/aa/66/2008/139.

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Demuth, J., M. Hromada, A. Krawczyk, A. Malecha, M. Tobolka, and P. Tryjanowski. "Cranial lesions caused by helminth parasites and morphological traits in the European polecat Mustela putorius." Helminthologia 46, no. 2 (2009): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-009-0017-8.

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AbstractWe investigated the occurrence of cranial lesions caused by helminth parasites in the European polecat Mustela putorius in a museum collection in Slovakia. Selected traits of polecat body morphology and condition were studied with respect to the prevalence of the parasites, and number and extent of helminth-caused lesions in crania of 183 adult polecats. The trematode Troglotrema acutum was identified as the parasitic agent (prevalence 62.6 %), with a strong relationship between number of lesions and extent of cranial damage (surface of cranium). Prevalence of infection did not differ

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Lee, Robert P., John F. Teichgraeber, James E. Baumgartner, et al. "Long-Term Treatment Effectiveness of Molding Helmet Therapy in the Correction of Posterior Deformational Plagiocephaly: A Five-Year Follow-Up." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 3 (2008): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-210.1.

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Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of helmet therapy in the correction of deformational plagiocephaly and to assess the early occlusal abnormalities seen in these patients. Design: A prospective study with blinded measurements. Patients: Twenty-eight patients with deformational plagiocephaly who were treated with molding helmet therapy with at least 5 years of follow-up. Interventions: The average length of molding helmet treatment was 6.2 months. At the time of this follow-up evaluation, the mean interval since completing the molding helmet therapy was 5.6 years. Main Outcome

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Chijioke Mmadueke Okeke and Ukoha Ukoha. "Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (2024): 035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.27.1.0111.

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Objective: To determine the cranial index, upper facial index and frontal index of dry human crania in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 150 dry adult male crania were studied in two geopolitical zones (Southeast and Southsouth) in Nigeria. Measurements were taken with spreading caliper and Vernier caliper. The following variables were measured: Maximum cranial length (MCL, g-op), Maximum cranial breadth (MCB, eu-eu), Minimum frontal breadth (MFB, ft–ft), Upper facial height (UFH, n-pr) and Bizygomatic breadth (BZB, zy-zy). From these variables, cranial index (CI), frontal index (FI) and upper faci

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Ramos, Joana, Inês Viegas, Hugo Pereira, and João Filipe Requicha. "Morphometrical Study of the European Shorthair Cat Skull Using Computed Tomography." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 8 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080161.

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This study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of the skull of the European shorthair cat by using computed tomographic images. Thirty-seven computed tomography (CT) studies of healthy cats’ heads were used for linear measurements and index calculations of the skull and cranium. The following values were determined: skull length = 8.94 ± 0.45 cm, cranial length = 8.21 ± 0.42 cm, nasal length = 0.73 ± 0.17 cm, cranial width = 4.28 ± 0.26 cm, cranial index = 52.18 ± 3.75%, internal height of cranium = 2.88 ± 0.29 cm, external height of cranium = 3.35 ± 0.12 cm, internal length of the craniu

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Pant, Bashu Dev, Anjana Rajbhandari, Resina Pradhan, Manju Bajracharya, and Surendra Maharjan. "Cranial Base Measurements in Skeletal Malocclusion among Orthodontic Patients." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 21, no. 3 (2024): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v21i3.4752.

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Background: Facial growth and development is necessary for proper orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Growth of cranial base is linked to the overall growth of facial bones, especially the maxilla and mandible. Any change in the amount and direction of growth of the cranial base can have direct or indirect effects on the developing maxilla and mandible. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the linear and angular cranial base measurements in different skeletal malocclusion in Nepalese population.Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 225 patients aged between 17-30 years

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Toneva, Diana, Silviya Nikolova, Gennady Agre, et al. "Enhancing Sex Estimation Accuracy with Cranial Angle Measurements and Machine Learning." Biology 13, no. 10 (2024): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13100780.

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The development of current sexing methods largely depends on the use of adequate sources of data and adjustable classification techniques. Most sex estimation methods have been based on linear measurements, while the angles have been largely ignored, potentially leading to the loss of valuable information for sex discrimination. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of cranial angles for sex estimation and to differentiate the most dimorphic ones by training machine learning algorithms. Computed tomography images of 154 males and 180 females were used to derive data of 36 cranial angles.

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Kumar, Pankaj, and Sadakat Ali. "Morphometric study of foramen magnum and its correlation with cranial morphometry in dry human skulls of north India." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 11, no. 3 (2024): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.038.

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This study examines the morphology of the foramen magnum, a critical opening at the skull base, in dry human skulls from North India. We explore its size, shape, and potential links to overall skull form (cranial morphometry). Fifty dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from North India were analyzed. Anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum were measured to calculate area and a specific index. Additionally, the foramen's shape was documented. Cranial measurements were also taken to assess cranial morphometry. The study establishes average size and prevalent shape of th

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Kumar, Abhimanu. "Investigating the relationship between foramen magnum dimensions and cranial morphology in central Indian skulls." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 11, no. 2 (2024): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.021.

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The foramen magnum is a critical anatomical landmark at the skull base, facilitating the passage of the brainstem, spinal cord, and associated blood vessels. Its dimensions and shape are known to vary across populations. Cranial morphology, encompassing the overall form and size of the skull, can also exhibit population-specific characteristics. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between foramen magnum size and shape with cranial morphology in a sample of dry human skulls from Central India. A defined sample size of dry 56 human skulls of known Central Indian origin will be o

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Viciano, Joan, and Ampuero Anabel Amores. "Sex estimation in a contemporary Spanish population: cranial and dental anthropometry." Homo. Journal of Comparative Human Biology 71, no. 3 (2020): 189–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14194749.

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Sex estimation of skeletal remains is an essential step in the reconstruction of the biological profile of unknown individuals in medico-legal death investigations and archaeological contexts. However, the skeletons are often incomplete. When the pelvis is absent, the skull is widely considered to be the second-best indicator of sex. However, debate persists, and there is evidence that postcranial bones have more discriminatory power than the cranium. The present study was undertaken to determine the accuracy and reliability of a combination of skull and dental measurements

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Ross, Ann H. "Caliber Estimation from Cranial Entrance Defect Measurements." Journal of Forensic Sciences 41, no. 4 (1996): 13966J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13966j.

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Frei, Sina, Hans Geyer, Seamus Hoey, Anton Fuerst, and Andrea Bischofberger. "Evaluation of the optimal plate position for the fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures in warmbloods." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, no. 02 (2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-08-0121.

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SummaryObjectives: To determine scapular cortex thickness, distal scapular bone density and describe the exact suprascapular nerve course to evaluate the best plate position for the fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures in horses.Methods: Twelve equine cadaveric shoulders were examined with computed tomography. Computed tomography morphometry and density measurements (Hounsfield units [HU]) of the scapula were recorded. Statistical comparisons were made between the cranial and caudal aspects of the scapula. Dissection of each shoulder was performed and the suprascapular nerve course was

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Lopez-Capp, Thais Torralbo, Christopher Rynn, Caroline Wilkinson, Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva, Edgard Michel-Crosato, and Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic. "Craniometric variation among Brazilian and Scottish populations: a physical anthropology approach." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 17 (April 3, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v17i0.8651900.

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Aim: The present investigation intended to compare the craniometric variations of two samples of different nationalities (Brazilian and Scottish). Materials and methods: The Brazilian sample consisted of 100 modern complete skulls, including 53 female skulls and 47 male skulls, and the Scottish sample consisted of 100 historical skulls (61 males, 39 females) and 36 mandibles (24 males, 12 females). The cranial measurement protocol was composed of 40 measurements, 11 bilateral and 29 unilateral, and the measurement protocol of the mandible was composed of 15 measurements, with six that were bil

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Lopez Capp, Thais Torralbo, Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva, Marcio Yara Buscatti, Edgard Michel Crosato, and Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic. "Sex estimation of Brazilian skulls using discriminant analysis of cranial measurements." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (2021): e266101018760. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18760.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cranial measurements for estimation of sex in the Brazilian population and develop discriminant formulas with a reference table to be used as a reference on Brazilian Forensic Anthropology studies. The total sample was comprised of 100 skulls from an osteological collection and 200 computed tomography. The measure’s protocol comprised 51 cranial measurements and it was based on 29 cranial landmarks. The results of the univariate comparison of cranial measurements showed a higher mean for male skulls, except for the following variables: zygoor

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Chijioke, Mmadueke Okeke, and Ukoha Ukoha. "Analysis of craniofacial indices of dry crania in Southeast and Southsouth Nigeria." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 27, no. 1 (2024): 035–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11955147.

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<strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the cranial index, upper facial index and frontal index of dry human crania in Nigeria. <strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 150 dry adult male crania were studied in two geopolitical zones (Southeast and Southsouth) in Nigeria. Measurements were taken with spreading caliper and Vernier caliper. The following variables were measured: Maximum cranial length (MCL, g-op), Maximum cranial breadth (MCB, eu-eu), Minimum frontal breadth (MFB, ft–ft), Upper facial height (UFH, n-pr) and Bizygomatic breadth (BZB, zy-zy). From these variables, cranial index

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Dutta, Kanta Sree, Md Ashrafuzzaman, Pratik Chowdhury, and Sharmista Bhattacharjee. "Comparative Study of Cranial Measurement between Bengali and Manipuri Adult Male." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 19, no. 2 (2021): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.3329/bja.v19i2.78338.

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Background: Present research work focuses to identify the differences of cranial measurements among two ethnic groups, Bengali and Manipuri male, based on different cranial parameters. This study can provide the basic framework for formulating standards of the cranial dimensions and indices for Bengali and Manipuri male. Materials and methods: The study was cross sectional in nature with some analytical component, carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, from July 2016 to June 2017. Two cranial variables were measured by physical procedure and one index

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Masserano, Benjamin, Albert S. Woo, Gary B. Skolnick, et al. "The Temporal Region in Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 3 (2017): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617739000.

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Objective: To compare postoperative temporal expansion in patients treated with fronto-orbital advancement or endoscopy-assisted craniectomy with cranial orthotic therapy. Design: This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of patients with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis (UCS). Setting: Computed tomographic (CT) scans were drawn from UCS patients treated at Boston Children’s Hospital or St Louis Children’s Hospital. Patients: The study included 56 patients with UCS after fronto-orbital advancement (n = 32) or endoscopic repair (n = 24) and 10 age-matched controls. Intervention: Fron

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González-Santos, Josefa, Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, Raquel De-la-Fuente Anuncibay, et al. "Infant Cranial Deformity: Cranial Helmet Therapy or Physiotherapy?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (2020): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072612.

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Objective: To compare cranial helmet therapy (CHT) and physiotherapy (PT) for the effective treatment of positional plagiocephaly in infants in terms of improving functional recovery. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving 48 infants between 5–10 months of age with cranial deformities. The Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) and the Brunet–Lezine scale were calculated at the initiation of the study and after 40 treatment sessions. Results: The infants’ first assessment showed a delay in overall development areas with a global developmental quotient (DQ) (posture, coordination,

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Hawley, Karen, Neil Vachhani, and Samantha Anne. "Can Lateral Nasopharyngeal Radiographs be used to Predict Eustachian Tube Dysfunction?" Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 96, no. 8 (2017): E1—E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131709600801.

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The objective of our case-control study was to determine whether craniofacial features on lateral nasopharyngeal radiographs (LNPRs) can predict eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). The study included patients seen in the otolaryngology clinic from 2005 to 2011. Patients 0 to 10 years old with pressure equalization tube (PET) placement and LNPR within 6 months were included. Measurements were compared with age-matched controls selected at random to identify craniofacial features associated with ETD. Using receiver operating curve methodology, selected measurements were used to correlate age, cra

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Hulsegge, B., G. Mateman, G. S. M. Merkus, and P. Walstra. "Choice of probing site for classification of live pigs using ultrasonic measurements." Animal Science 68, no. 4 (1999): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050670.

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AbstractBody length and ultrasonic fat thickness measurements were taken on 86 live pigs in order to find an optimal probing site for estimation of lean meat proportion. The next day pigs were slaughtered and measurements with the Hennessy Grading Probe (HGP) were made in order to estimate the lean meat proportion.Fat thickness, 6 cm off the dorsal mid line, increased from a value of 9·5 mm at a site 4 cm cranial to the last rib, progressively through intermediate sites to a value of 12·4 mm, 22 cm cranial to the last rib. Fat thickness measurements at different sites (live pigs) were highly c

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Margulies, Susan S., and Kirk L. Thibault. "Infant Skull and Suture Properties: Measurements and Implications for Mechanisms of Pediatric Brain Injury." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 122, no. 4 (2000): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287160.

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The mechanical properties of the adult human skull are well documented, but little information is available for the infant skull. To determine the age-dependent changes in skull properties, we tested human and porcine infant cranial bone in three-point bending. The measurement of elastic modulus in the human and porcine infant cranial bone agrees with and extends previous published data [McPherson, G. K., and Kriewall, T. J. (1980), J. Biomech., 13, pp. 9–16] for human infant cranial bone. After confirming that the porcine and human cranial bone properties were comparable, additional tensile a

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Gamboa, Alina Gabriela Monroy, Aseneth Ureña Ramón, and Leticia Adriana Espinoza Ávila. "Variación Morfométrica de Peromyscus maniculatus fulvus y Reithrodontomys megalotis saturatus de la ciudad de México, D.F." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 9, no. 1 (2005): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2005.9.1.167.

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Resumen: En este trabajo se analizó la variación morfométrica de 32 ejemplares de Peromyscus maniculatus fulvus y 70 de Reithrodontomys megalotis saturatus con respecto a la edad y la variación individual. Los individuos de cada especie se clasificaron en 5 categorías de edad mediante la revisión del desgaste de los molares. De cada ejemplar se tomaron cuatro medidas somáticas y 26 medidas craneales, las cuales fueron analizadas por medio de un ANOVA de una vía para determinar la variación intrapoblacional debida a la edad. En P. m. fulvus existen diferencias significativas entre tres clases d

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OKSÜZLER, Mahmut, Duygu VURALLI, Sema ÖZANDAÇ POLAT, and Pınar GÖKER. "Foramen magnum ve kranyumun uyumu: Anatomik ve radyolojik bir çalışma." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 2 (2022): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1102142.

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Purpose: The measurements’ reference points associated with foramen magnum (FM) and cranium were examined in this retrospective study. Also, the relation between FM and cranium harmony were calculated both on dry skull and in healthy subjects performed on computed tomography (CT).  Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 185 healthy adult subjects (90 females; 95 males) aged between 18–67 years and 15 dried skull of unknown gender of an Anatolian population. The shapes of the FM were classified as two semicircle, oval, round, egg, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal and

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Kumar, Pankaj, and Sadakat Ali. "A study on morphometry of cranium and its index in dry human skulls of north India." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 11, no. 2 (2024): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2024.020.

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Cranial indices, derived from skull measurements, are fundamental tools in cranial anthropometry. Establishing standard values for these indices is crucial for anatomists and craniofacial surgeons performing cranial reconstructions. This study aimed to establish baseline data on cranial morphology and calculate cranial indices. One hundred dry skulls of unknown sex were measured in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. Cranial length and breadth were measured, and the cranial index was calculated. Cranial types were also classified.

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Nieberle, Felix, Steffen Spoerl, Lisa-Marie Lottner, et al. "Direct Anthropometry Overestimates Cranial Asymmetry—3D Digital Photography Proves to Be a Reliable Alternative." Diagnostics 13, no. 10 (2023): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101707.

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This study compared manual and digital measurements of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly in infants and evaluated whether three-dimensional (3D) digital photography measurements can be used as a superior alternative in everyday clinical practice. A total of 111 infants (103 with plagiocephalus and 8 with brachycephalus) were included in this study. Head circumference, length and width, bilateral diagonal head length, and bilateral distance from the glabella to the tragus were assessed by manual assessment (tape measure and anthropometric head calipers) and 3D photographs. Subsequently, the crani

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Short, Alice. "The relationship between latitudinal light variation and orbit and cranial size in humans." Anthropological Review 79, no. 2 (2016): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2016-0011.

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Abstract Increased orbit size is suggested to be an adaptation for enhanced visual acuity and sensitivity in conditions of reduced light quality. Whilst light ambience has a well established correlation with eye size in birds and primates, evidence in humans is very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the anatomical compensations of the eye and visual cortex as a result of varying levels of light exposure. It was hypothesized that humans of higher latitudes will have an increased orbit size to improve visual sensitivity and acuity in conditions of decreased light, and thus greater cr

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Ramadhani, Nabila Almira, Rini Widyaningrum, Rellyca Sola Gracea, Aini Hasibah Ningtyas, and Munakhir Mudjosemedi. "Length of cranial base and total face height in cephalograms for sex estimation in Indonesia." Dental Journal 57, no. 2 (2024): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v57.i2.p97-101.

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Background: Sex estimation is the first step in identifying bodies following disasters or accidents. Craniometric analysis of lateral cephalograms can be used in the process. Among the measurements that can be used are the length of cranial base, determined by Basion–Nasion (Ba-N) length, and the total face height, determined by the Nasion–Menton (N-M) length, which can highlight significant differences between men and women. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in length of cranial base and total face height measurements between men and women and to demonstrate how these two

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Weaver, Timothy D., and Chris B. Stringer. "Unconstrained cranial evolution in Neandertals and modern humans compared to common chimpanzees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1817 (2015): 20151519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1519.

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A variety of lines of evidence support the idea that neutral evolutionary processes (genetic drift, mutation) have been important in generating cranial differences between Neandertals and modern humans. But how do Neandertals and modern humans compare with other species? And how do these comparisons illuminate the evolutionary processes underlying cranial diversification? To address these questions, we used 27 standard cranial measurements collected on 2524 recent modern humans, 20 Neandertals and 237 common chimpanzees to estimate split times between Neandertals and modern humans, and between

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van der Walt, Marna Suzanne, Willem Daffue, Jacqueline Goedhals, Sean van der Merwe, and Francois Deacon. "A Preliminary Study on the Siphon Mechanism in Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)." Animals 12, no. 23 (2022): 3348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233348.

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Adult giraffes reach heights of 4.5 m with a heart-to-head distance of over 2 m, making cranial blood supply challenging. Ultrasound confirmed that the giraffe jugular vein collapses during head movement from ground level to fully erect, negating the possibility of a siphon mechanism in the neck. We showed that a short-length siphon structure over a simulated head-to-heart distance for a giraffe significantly influences flow in a collapsible tube. The siphon structure is determined according to brain case measurements. The short-length siphon structure in a shorter-necked ostrich showed no sig

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Kizilgoz, Volkan, Sonay Aydin, Huseyin Aydemir, Papatya Keles, and Mecit Kantarci. "Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of skull base angles measured on magnetic resonance images." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 34 (2024): 6687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i34.6687.

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BACKGROUND Determination of platybasia and basilar kyphosis are significant parts of routine cranial magnetic resonance (MR) interpretations. These situations may explain a patient’s symptoms or may be associated with other anomalies. AIM To indicate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the skull base angles (SBA) (Koenigsberg standard) and modified SBA (mSBA) measurement techniques. METHODS In total, 391 patients who had undergone cranial MR imaging were re-assessed regarding the SBA measurements. The SBA and mSBA techniques were used on MR images. Two reviewers independently me

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Waitzman, Ariel A., Jeffrey C. Posnick, Derek C. Armstrong, and Gaylene E. Pron. "Craniofacial Skeletal Measurements Based on Computed Tomography: Part II. Normal Values and Growth Trends." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 29, no. 2 (1992): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0118_csmboc_2.3.co_2.

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Current diagnosis and surgical correction of craniofacial anomalies would benefit from accurate quantitative and standardized points of reference. A retrospective study was undertaken to define normal values for a series of craniofacial measurements and to evaluate the growth patterns of the craniofacial complex through axial computed tomography (CT). Fifteen measurements were taken from 542 CT scan series of skeletally normal subjects. The measurement values were then divided into 1 -year age categories from 1 to 17 years, and into four age groups for those under 1 year of age. The normal ran

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McManus, Beth, and Philip Capistran. "A Case Presentation of Early Intervention with Dolichocephaly in the NICU: Collaboration Between the Primary Nursing Team and the Developmental Care Specialist." Neonatal Network 27, no. 5 (2008): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.27.5.307.

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Dolichocephaly, narrow width and long anterior-posterior cranial distance, is more commonly seen in preterm than in term infants. It seems to persist after NICU discharge and may be a marker for adverse neurodevelopment. This article reports a case of cranial molding in one extremely low birth weight infant. He was placed on a viscoelastic mattress and a twice weekly developmental care program. Cranial molding was measured using the cranial index (CI), a ratio of width to length. Initially, the patient presented with dolichocephaly (CI = 72 percent). By week 2, CI measurements approached norma

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Jung, Jae-Hwan, Chang-Hyeon Cho, Sang-Yoon Shin, et al. "Surgical modeling of Chiari-like malformation in rats: Insights from canine morphology." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0310505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310505.

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Background Chiari-like malformation in dogs and Chiari malformation type 1 in humans are conditions characterized by a relatively small caudal cranial fossa, leading to cerebellar herniation. This study aimed to develop a rat model of Chiari-like malformation using surgical techniques based on morphological characteristics observed in dogs. Methods Endocranial magnetic resonance images of both normal dogs and dogs diagnosed with Chiari-like malformation were retrospectively analyzed. Measurements of the caudal cranial fossa volume, rostral and medial fossa volume, and volume index were taken.

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Muchlinski, Magdalena N., and Jonathan M. G. Perry. "Anatomical Correlates to Nectar Feeding among the Strepsirrhines of Madagascar: Implications for Interpreting the Fossil Record." Anatomy Research International 2011 (October 17, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/378431.

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One possible ecological scenario for the origin of primates is the archaic pollination and coevolution hypothesis. Its proponents contend that the consumption of nectar by some early primates and the resulting cross-pollination is an example of coevolution that drove adaptive radiations in some primates. This hypothesis is perhaps ecologically sound, but it lacks the morphology-behavior links that would allow us to test it using the fossil record. Here we attempt to identify cranial adaptations to nectar feeding among the strepsirrhines of Madagascar in order to provide such links. Many Malaga

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Boiagina, Olga, Oleksandr Stepanenko, and Anastasiia Lebedieva. "Correlation Between Corpus Callosum Shape and Craniometric Measurements According to Mri Data." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 12, no. 3 (2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.3/216.

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The correlation between the cranial height and the height of the corpus callosum trunk bulge, and the relationship between the corpus callosum shape and the cranial shape have not been studied. The purpose of the article was to determine the individual variability of the corpus callosum height and shape of adults, and their dependence on the cranial height and shape. The material was two samples from a series of MR scans of the head of men and women of the second period of adulthood (19 variations in each group) without the central nervous system pathology. Magnetic resonance tomographic scann

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Cheronet, Olivia, John A. Finarelli, and Ron Pinhasi. "Morphological change in cranial shape following the transition to agriculture across western Eurasia." Scientific Reports 6 (September 13, 2016): 33316. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33316.

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The Neolithic transition brought about fundamental social, dietary and behavioural changes in human populations, which, in turn, impacted skeletal morphology. Crania are shaped through diverse genetic, ontogenetic and environmental factors, reflecting various elements of an individual’s life. To determine the transition’s effect on cranial morphology, we investigated its potential impact on the face and vault, two elements potentially responding to different influences. Three datasets from geographically distant regions (Ukraine, Iberia, and the Levant plus Anatolia) were analysed. Craniometri

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Combes, Anaïs, Emmelie Stock, Elke Van der Vekens, Luc Duchateau, Bernadette Van Ryssen, and Jimmy H. Saunders. "Ultrasonographical examination of feline adrenal glands: intra- and inter-observer variability." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 12 (2014): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x14522049.

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Interpretation of ultrasonographical measurements requires an understanding of the source and the magnitude of variation. A substantial part of the variation can be attributed to the observer, the equipment or the animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate which adrenal gland measurement is the least variable within and between observers. Three experienced ultrasonographers examined six cats at three different times on the same day, more than 1 h apart, according to a strict scanning protocol. Seven ultrasonographical measurements were performed on each adrenal gland (maximal length on sagi

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Przeworski, Adam, Joanna Głodek, and Zbigniew Adamiak. "Tibial plateau angle: methods of measurement, value, applicability." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 9 (2017): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5775.

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The tibial plateau angle measurement and its applicability have been reviewed based on the literature. The measurement was made on radiographs of the stifle joint with superimposition of the femoral condyles (with maximum tolerance of 2.0-4.0mm). Due to great variation among dog populations (size, breed), mean tibial plateau angles were found to be between 16.9° and 34°, but an excessive angle was described as >35°. An appropriate measurement of the tibial plateau angle can be made at about 108 days of age. The influence on the magnitude of the measured tibial plateau angle were the limb po

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Pecsics, Tibor, Miklós Laczi, Gergely Nagy, and Tibor Csörgő. "The cranial morphometrics of the wildfowl (Anatidae)." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 1 (2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0004.

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Abstract Wildfowl (Anatidae) are a diverse group of birds and globally distributed. These birds feed by widely varying methods, there are generalist and specialist species. In a number of vertebrate taxa trophic specializations have led to distinct differences in the morphology of the skull, like in birds. Our knowledge and understanding of the relationship between cranial morphology and feeding mechanism of wildfowl are limited. The aim of this article is to increase our knowledge of the relationship between skull shape and foraging habits and find the identifiable attributes of the different

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Beijst, Casper, Jeroen Dudink, Rens Wientjes, et al. "Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements vs. magnetic resonance imaging-derived ventricular volume of preterm infants with germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage." Pediatric Radiology 50, no. 2 (2019): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04542-x.

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Abstract Background Post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation can be measured accurately by MRI. However, two-dimensional (2-D) cranial US can be used at the bedside on a daily basis. Objective To assess whether the ventricular volume can be determined accurately using US. Materials and methods We included 31 preterm infants with germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage. Two-dimensional cranial US images were acquired and the ventricular index, anterior horn width and thalamo-occipital distance were measured. In addition, cranial MRI was performed. The ventricular volume on MRI was determin

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Castillo, Jose C., Grace Gianneschi, Demyana Azer, et al. "The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 2 (2018): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/120317-825.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the relationship between traditional cephalometric measurements and corresponding nonradiographic three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 20 orthodontic patients (10 male and 10 female) who received lateral cephalometric radiographs and 3D dentofacial photogrammetric records with each subject serving as his or her own control for a total sample size of 40 images (20 per method). A 3D analysis that resembled a traditional cephalometric analysis was established using the eyes and natural head

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