Relevant bibliographies by topics / Crash Barrier

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Crash Barrier'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Crash Barrier"

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Rezapour, Mahdi, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Application of Multinomial Regression Model to Identify Parameters Impacting Traffic Barrier Crash Severity." Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010057.

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Background: Run Off The Road (ROTR) crashes are some of the most severe crashes that could occur on roadways. The main countermeasure that can be taken to address this type of crashe is traffic barrier installation. Although ROTR crashes can be mitigated significantly by traffic barriers, still traffic barrier crashes resulted in considerable amount of severe crashes. Besides, the types of traffic barriers, driver actions and performance play an important role in the severity of these crashes. Methods: This study was conducted by incorporating only traffic barrier crashes in Wyoming. Based on the literature review there are unique contributory factors in different crash types. Therefore, in addition to focusing on traffic barrier crashes, crashes were divided into two different highway classes: interstate and non-interstate highways. Results: The result of proportional odds assumption was an indication that multinomial logistic regression model is appropriate for both non-interstate and interstates crashes involved with traffic barriers. The results indicated that road surface conditions, age, driver restraint and negotiating a curve were some of the factors that impact the severity of traffic barrier crashes on non-interstate highways. On the other hand, the results of interstate barrier crashes indicated that besides types of barriers, driver condition, citation record, speed limit compliance were some of the factors that impacted the interstate traffic barrier crash severity. Conclusion: The results of this study would provide the policymakers with the directions to take appropriate countermeasures to alleviate the severity of traffic barrier crashes.
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Lee, Jaehyuk, Soyeon Koo, Jiseop Yun, Byeongchan Kang, and Sungtae Kim. "Improving the Reliability of Safety Barrier Crash Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 5 (2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.5.9.

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Recent changes in the traffic environment, particularly about vehicle weight and size, have coincided with improvements in vehicle driving performance. and cases of overspeed driving due to time constraints. Consequently, the importance of the safety barriers installed to mitigate damage when a vehicle departs from the road has grown. The reliability of crash analysis used in the safety barrier design and development remains uncertain due to the absence of an established verification and validation process. This study aims to enhance the reliability of crash analysis for safety barriers by investigating the standards of developed foreign countries and previous research results. This investigation was used to propose a verification and validation process for crash analysis of safety barriers. The proposed process aims to improve the reliability of crash analysis and broaden its application range.
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Raut, Mr Abhijit. "Automotive Safety Rolling Barrier." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 1684–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36250.

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The government is always looking at the latest technology that can ensure safety of road users, as outlined in the construction industry transformation plan. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, (The Rolling Barrier) which had continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Rolling Barrier” and to understand the Rolling Barrier’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicles running direction and the required strength of barriers. They convert that impact energy into rotational energy to propel the vehicle forward rather than potentially breaking through an immovable barrier. When a car hits the barrier, the rotating barrel converts shock from the vehicle to rotational energy. Upper and lower frames adjust tires of large and small vehicles to prevent the steering system from a functional loss. The Rolling Barrier can be effectively used in curved roads sections, ramps, medians and entrance or exit ramps in parking garages. In this paper, the description and studies of Rolling Barriers are elaborated. In 2015, there were 63,805 traffic accidents over on the Maharashtra, India, with 54.2 % composed of vehicles that crashed into longitudinal barriers. Such accidents can be drastically reduced if more safe barriers are installed for traffic safety. A small Korean manufacturing company invented a new concept longitudinal barrier, the Rolling Barrier (RB), which has continuous pipes covered with urethane rings. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the RB & to understand the RB’s characteristics of crash cushioning, how to correct the vehicle’s running direction & the required strength of barriers. Experiments with barriers performance & crashing vehicle behavior at curved sections using a 1.3-ton passenger car & a 3.5-ton truck showed satisfactory vehicle behavior as they ran parallel with the RB after crashing. The structural problem of the RB wasn’t found during the time of the crash. In the strength performance test using the 8-ton truck & in the passenger protection test using the 1.3-ton passenger car, the RB satisfied the Ministry of Construction & Transportation’s “ Guidelines for Installation & Management of Road Safety Facilities.” The differences between the RB & conventional barriers where crash cushioning & required strength of barriers were involved were verified by mathematical equations. The RB can be effectively used in curved road sections, ramps, medians & entrance/exit ramps in parking garages. Keywords: -accidents, longitudinal barrier, rolling barrier, traffic barrier, vehicle, collision
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Sennah, K., and H. R. Khederzadeh. "Development of cost-effective PL-3 concrete bridge barrier reinforced with sand-coated glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars: vehicle crash test." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 4 (2014): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0393.

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Corrosion of steel reinforcement due to environmental effects is a major cause of deterioration problems in bridge barriers. Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, as a suitable alternative, addresses the corrosion-related problems of steel reinforcing bars. Recent research work conducted at Ryerson University on PL-3 bridge barrier proposed a cost-effective barrier configuration incorporating high-modulus GFRP bars with headed ends. To qualify the developed barrier configuration for use in bridge construction, a full-scale PL-3 barrier wall of 27.6 m length was constructed to perform vehicle crash testing. The crash test was performed in accordance with MASH Test Level 5 (TL-5). Evaluation criteria for full-scale vehicle crash testing were based on three appraisal areas namely: (i) structural adequacy; (ii) occupant risk; and (iii) vehicle trajectory after collision. Crash test results showed that the barrier contained and redirected the vehicle. The vehicle did not penetrate or override the parapet. No detached elements, fragments, or other debris from the barrier were present to penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, or to present undue hazard to others in the area. No occupant compartment deformation occurred. The test vehicle remained upright during and after the collision event. Estimates of the equivalent impact force and associated energy absorbed by the barrier wall due to vehicle impact were deduced.
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Yücel, Ayhan Öner. "IMPACT OF ELECTRIC CARS ON THE CRASH PERFORMANCE OF LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 27, no. 2 (2024): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1467106.

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The use of battery electric vehicles (EVs) is spreading around the world due to their advantages. The presence of large batteries makes electric cars heavier, and due to their position, the vehicle’s center of gravity is lowered compared to conventional internal combustion engine cars. The weight of an impacting vehicle is one of the critical parameters for the acceptable performance of longitudinal barriers. It is anticipated that EVs could pose failure risks for conventional safety hardware, yet there is still no revision regarding the use of EVs in existing full-scale crash test standards. In this study, the effect of electric cars on the crash performance of the H1 containment level longitudinal steel safety barrier was investigated through computer simulations. Three different vehicle models, each weighing 900 kg and currently used for TB11 finite element analyses, were modified according to the features of the selected reference EVs. Barrier crash performance was evaluated in terms of occupant safety and structural adequacy. Analysis results showed that with increasing vehicle weights in EV tests, injury severity indices become smaller, while the damage to the barrier gets larger. Further investigation of the crash performance of existing barriers with EVs is highly recommended.
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Jung, Woo Young, Myung Hyun Noh, and Sang Youl Lee. "Estimation of THIV for Car Crash against Attachable Roadside Barriers Made of the High Strength Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 751 (April 2015): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.751.222.

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A finite element simulation study was performed to gain the theoretical head impact velocity about the crash test details. Accuracy of the simulation was verified using qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Based on in-depth examination of crash simulation recordings, energy distributions occurred in the barrier against the car are determined. In this paper, the existing finite element crash analysis of barriers using the LS-DYNA program is further extended to study the dynamic response of the barrier with module structures connected by anchor bolt inserted through concrete bridge decks. The numerical results for various parameters are verified by comparing different models with or without the high strength steel such as HS800.
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Moomen, Milhan, Amirarsalan Mehrara Molan, and Khaled Ksaibati. "A Random Parameters Multinomial Logit Model Analysis of Median Barrier Crash Injury Severity on Wyoming Interstates." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 10856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410856.

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This paper investigated factors influencing injury severity of crashes involving median traffic barriers, including the impact of barrier characteristics and their geometric features in Wyoming. Combining field data of inventoried median barriers with crash data on Wyoming interstates highways, a random parameters multinomial logit (mixed logit) model of injury severity was estimated. This methodological approach allowed for the possibility of estimated model parameters to vary randomly across crash observations to account for heterogeneity with respect to driver characteristics, roadway attributes, and vehicle characteristics. The estimation results indicated concrete barriers installed on front side-slopes and box beam barriers were associated with severe injury crashes. It was also found that median barrier crashes involving sports utility vehicles, pickups, and improperly restraint vehicle occupants are complex and vary significantly across observations. Other statistically significant variables found to increase the likelihood of severe injury crashes were rural interstate roads, concrete barriers installed on a front side-slope, box beam barriers with lateral offset less than 2 feet, and rollover crashes. These parameters were fixed across observations. The findings of this research point to the need to further investigate the impacts of sport utility vehicles, pickups, and rollover crashes on median barrier crash injury severity.
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Patil, Prof Rajvardhan, Devesh Pawar, Abhishek Walke, Vaibhav Tenkale, and Sohan Patil. "Survey Paper on Rolling Barrier System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 2085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42735.

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Abstract: India is emerging country in all sector India’s transport sector is large and diverse. The latest emerging technologies for road safety working on waysto avoid orreduced road accidentsto road userswith special concern by minimizing the causes of road accidents. So in this paper study is carried out to minimize or reduce adverse effects of road accidents with the help of rolling barrier system. The roller barriers are extremely effective and it’s implementation has given manifested results in minimizing the road accidents. Rolling barriers provides cushioning effect during crash and reducesthe high speed effect constitutes material resilience with stiffness and have other performance characteristics that reduces injury to individuals and damage to their vehicles. Keywords: Accidents, Rolling Barrier, Stiffness, Resilience,Crash Cushioning
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Rezapour, Mahdi, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Trivariate Copula for Modeling Barriers Crash Severity, Accounting for Policy Endogeneity." Future Transportation 1, no. 3 (2021): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1030032.

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Studies have been implemented in the literature to enhance the safety of traffic barriers by identification of the contributory factors to those crashes. However, almost all those past studies are subject to potential pitfalls of just answering the cause-and-effect question by traditional statistical methods, which fail to account for possible endogeneity. Modeling traffic barrier crash severity with traditional statistical methods might be biased as many parameters such as barrier’s types is endogenous to unseen factors including policy makers’ decisions in allocating those barriers. Not accounting for the possible endogeneity in the dataset and ignoring correlation between regressors’ error terms might result in biased or erroneous coefficients’ estimates. That is especially true in the presence of strong correlations across models’ error terms. Thus, this study was conducted to model barriers’ crash severity by taking into consideration the endogeneity and correlations across the models’ error terms. Here, the trivariate copula-based method was implemented to simultaneously model traffic barrier crash severity, shoulder width and barrier’s types, while accounting for interrelationships across the models’ error terms. The results provide strong evidence of correlations between the unseen factors to the selections of barrier’s types, shoulder width installation, and crash injury levels. For instance, we found in the presence of accounting for endogeneity and correlation between unseen factors, concrete traffic barrier type and higher shoulder width installation are negatively correlated with unseen factors contributing to severe barriers’ crashes That is despite the fact that the observed factors of those predictors were found to have a reverse impact on the severity of barriers’ crashes.
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Bielenberg, Bob W., Ronald K. Faller, John D. Reid, John R. Rohde, and Dean L. Sicking. "Design and Testing of Tie-Down Systems for Temporary Barriers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1851, no. 1 (2003): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1851-09.

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Two tie-down temporary barrier systems were developed and crash tested according to the safety performance criteria provided in NCHRP Report 350: Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. Both tie-down systems were designed to reduce barrier displacements and to retain deflected barriers on the bridge deck edge. The first system consisted of a steel tie-down strap concept for use with the Iowa F-shape temporary concrete barrier. At each barrier joint, the trapezoidal-shaped strap retained the vertical pin and was attached to the concrete bridge deck using two drop-in anchors. An acceptable fullscale vehicle crash test of the tie-down strap concept was conducted according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) impact safety standards in NCHRP Report 350. The second tie-down system was developed for use with Iowa’s steel H-section temporary barrier. A new barrier connection was developed to simplify barrier attachment and to accommodate deviations in horizontal and vertical alignment. It consisted of two steel shear plates positioned within an opening on the adjacent barrier section and held in place with two steel drop pins. Four steel angle brackets were welded to the barrier’s base to allow for rigid attachment to the concrete bridge deck with drop-in anchors. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were conducted on the steel H-barrier system according to TL-3 impact safety standards found in NCHRP Report 350. After an unacceptable first test, the system was successfully tested with minor design modifications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crash Barrier"

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Leikkonen, R. (Rainer). "Crash test simulation and optimization of road side barrier." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201902281254.

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Abstract. The performance requirements for roadside barriers are partly contradictory. The barrier should be stiff enough to contain the car during crash. At the same time the barrier should be flexible enough that the accelerations experienced by the passengers are not dangerously high. To achieve balance between the stiffness and flexibility might require several iterations of the barrier geometry. Performing a full-scale crash test for each iteration is not desirable. Also, to reduce the man hours required for the development of a new barrier the process of iterating different barrier geometries should be automatized. The goal of this thesis is to develop a finite element model that can present the physical events of a car crashing into a roadside barrier with reasonable accuracy and can therefore be used in the development of new barriers. Once the model is accurate enough it can be coupled with a optimization routine to search for the optimal dimensions of the barrier geometry. A reasonably accurate simulation model was successfully developed and paired with an optimization routine. With the optimization routine optimal dimensions for the geometry of the posts profile were successfully iterated. The model can be used for the development of new barriers and the optimization routine could be implemented to other similarly challenging simulations.Maantiekaiteen törmäyssimulointi ja rakenteen optimointi. Tiivistelmä. Maanteiden suojakaiteilta vaadittavat ominaisuudet ovat ristiriitaisia. Kaiteen tulee olla riittävän jäykkä estääkseen törmäyksessä ajoneuvoa ajautumasta kauas ulos ajoradalta. Samalla kaiteen on myös joustettava, jotta törmäyksessä ajoneuvon matkustajiin kohdistuvat kiihtyvyydet eivät nouse vaarallisen suuriksi. Tasapainon löytämiseksi näiden kahden ominaisuuden välille voi vaatia monta iteraatiota kaiteen rakenteesta, eikä törmäyskokeen järjestäminen jokaista iteraatiota varten ole mielekästä. Suunnittelijan työtuntien vähentämiseksi eri kaidegeometrioiden vertailu olisi edullista automatisoida. Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on luoda simulaatiomalli, joka kuvaa riittävän tarkasti törmäyksen fyysiset tapahtumat ja jota voidaan jatkossa käyttää avuksi uusien kaiteiden suunnittelussa. Kun mallin katsotaan olevan riittävän tarkka, se voidaan liittää optimointirutiiniin, joka hakee kaiteen rakenteelle parhaat mahdolliset mitat annettujen rajoitteiden puitteissa. Törmäyskokeesta onnistuttiin luomaan tyydyttävän tarkka simulaatiomalli, joka voitiin liittää optimointirutiiniin. Optimointirutiinin avulla pystyttiin automaattisesti selvittämään uuden kaidekokoonpanon tolppien profiilin mitat mallin tarkkuuden puitteissa mahdollisimman hyväksi. Mallia voidaan käyttää uudenlaisten kaidegeometrioiden arvioimiseen ja käytettyä optimointirutiinia voitaisiin soveltaa myös muunlaisiin monimutkaisiin simulaatioihin.
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Wang, Qian. "Finite Element Modeling of Occupant Injury Risk and Crash Performance of W-Beam Guardrail Barriers in Roadside Crashes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42299.

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This thesis presents the results of a research effort aimed at investigating the crash performance of w-beam guardrail barriers in vehicle-roadside crashes using the finite element method. The developed roadside barrier models can be used to assess the occupant injury risk, vehicle performance, and damage to guardrail barriers during a roadside accident. The finite element models of w-beam guardrail barriers may also help evaluate the crash performance of the w-beam barriers with minor damage in vehicle-barrier crashes. Thus, the results can be used to develop repair guidelines to assist highway personnel in identifying levels of minor barrier damage and deterioration. Finite element models of the weak post w-beam guardrail barriers were developed and simulated using LS-DYNA. The simulation results were validated against full scale crash tests of pickup trucks and passenger cars impacting w-beam guardrail barriers. The maximum dynamic deflection of the guardrail, exit velocity and angle of the vehicle, and occupant injury risk were calculated and compared to the tests. Kinematics of the vehicle and guardrail were assessed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The analysis showed that simulation results were in good agreement with test data. Additionally, the models were validated against pendulum tests conducted the Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory (FOIL). Simulation results of pendulum tests showed that the test section taken from the current full scale models performed very similarly to that in the real pendulum tests. The developed finite element models were subsequently used to examine the crash performance of weak post w-beam guardrail barriers with minor damage under vehicle impacts. Only rail/post deflection based minor damage to weak post w-beam guardrail barriers was considered in this study. Simulations were completed to obtain the damaged profiles of the guardrail systems; the damaged weak post guardrail barriers were impacted by the pickup model at mid-span for the second time. The impacting vehicle remained stable in all of these simulations. No conclusions could be drawn however whether these second impacts could have resulted in rail tearing or rupture.<br>Master of Science
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Sanaei, Maryam. "Finite element analysis and optimisation of egg-box energy absorbing structures." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/333203/.

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This study investigates the mechanical and geometrical attributes of egg–box energy absorbing structures as crash safety barriers in the automotive industry. The research herein was originated from the earlier work of Prof. Shirvani, patented and further investigated by Cellbond Composites Ltd. who has invested in further research, for developing an analytical tool for geometric optimisation as an enhanced resolution to various shapes and materials. Energy absorption in egg-box occurs through plastic deformation of cell walls, examined through non–linear finite element simulations using ANSYS® and ANSYS/LS–DYNA® FE packages. Experimental dynamic crash tests have been designed to verify the validity of the FE simulations. Geometrical models are defined as 3D graphical representations, outlined in detail. Further, the impact behaviour of commercially pure aluminium egg-box energy absorbers is studied to identify the optimum design parameters describing the geometry of the structure. A simulation-based multi-objective optimisation strategy is employed to find a set of Pareto-optimal solutions where each solution represents a trade-off point with respect to the two conflicting objectives: the maximum impact force and the energy absorption capacity of the structure. The aim is to simultaneously minimise the former and maximise the latter, in the attempt to find purpose–specific optimal egg–box geometries. In light of the associated outcomes, it is shown that egg–box geometries with < ω ), thin walls (t < 1mm), short inter–peak distances and small peak diameters. M – < ω ), thin walls (t < 1mm), lengthy inter–peak distances and smaller peak diameters. It is concluded that, egg–box structures combined in the form of sandwich panels can be designed per application to act as optimised energy absorbers. Results of the proposed optimised sandwich structure are verified using analytical techniques.
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Winters, Katherine Elaine. "Median Crossover Crashes in the Vicinity of Interchanges on Utah Interstates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1582.

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While not accounting for a significant proportion of overall crashes, median crossover crashes in the state of Utah do account for a significant proportion of interstate fatalities. Due to the seriousness of median crossover crashes in the state of Utah, the need exists to evaluate the impact of median crossover crashes in the state, to identify locations where median crossover crashes may be occurring at particularly high rates, and to identify methods to help mitigate these crashes. Previous research has noted that median crossover crash rates appear to increase in the vicinity of interchanges. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to develop a strategy to mitigate median crossover crashes statewide and determine the role that the interchanges play in contributing to median crossover crashes. Fourteen years of crash data spanning the years 1992 through 2005 on Interstates 15, 70, 80, 84, and 215 were used to determine overall characteristics of median crossover crashes in Utah and determine the relationship between median crossover crashes and other types of crashes. Using a chi-square goodness of fit test, the distributions of median crossover crashes and all types of interstate crashes in the vicinity of interchanges were compared. Three-year median crossover crash rates spanning the years 2003 through 2005 for rural and urban areas were then used to identify which sections of Utah interstates are most prone to median crossover crashes. Finally, recommendations were made concerning appropriate median barrier installation for the 37 critical sections as identified by the three-year analysis.
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Koudelka, Ivan. "Rozvoj metodiky posuzování svodidel z hlediska dynamických účinků." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234564.

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The presented work analyses the methodology and approach of the legislation. It presents in the press presented results of numerical modelling of the impact of vehicles crashed into barriers that are being solved in the Czech Republic and worldwide. It presents a recommendation of a methodology for assessing crash barriers. The methodology follows the basic principles used in the TP 101 and EN 1991-1-1. The kinetic energy of the vehicle at the moment of impact is replaced with substitute static force, whose effects are comparable with those of a vehicle collision. The supporting structure of crash barriers is implemented in compliance with means of statics. The calculation includes the vehicle deformation, which represents the real distribution of the energy absorbed by the deformation of the vehicle and the energy that crash barriers need to absorb. The proposed methods allow to take into account non-linear behaviour of the structure both in terms of geometry and in terms of material nonlinearity. The work also deals with the interpretation of various types of support structures in the computational model. A specific case is used for a demonstration of a way of modelling the elastic supporting column of crash barriers in the soil, or modelling the friction of a loose concrete block over the surface. To ensure the proper position of interconnected loose blocks corresponding to the reality, a method of modelling the place of a possible contact of the breakthrough is drafted. A significant contribution to the more accurate calculation is achieved by sequential increase of the load on the construction by using load increment and measurement of energy increases absorbed by the deformation in each step. The presented methodology is an effective tool to assess crash barriers. For the application of this tool, using common resources and facilities available to almost every designer dealing with statics of structures is sufficient. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained fr
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Mikulášková, Lucie. "Analýza naměřených dat z nárazových zkoušek - čelní střety." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318563.

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In this thesis are solved the problematics of crash tests. It is focused primarily on front impacts with full or part overlap. In the introduction are described the best known methods used in forensic - engineering practice for determination of energy equivalent speed (EES). Exactly specified impact tests, which are part of passive safety, are being addressed by several organizations around the world. In the practical part of this diploma thesis are solved four frontal impact tests, which were documented with the participation of the Institute of Forensic Ingeneering BUT in Brno.. These impact tests were performed to capture and analyze the data, resulting in the deformation energy used for permanent damage to the vehicle. Subsequently, the EES parameters were set for each vehicle.
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Hošek, Štěpán. "Návrh konstrukčních úprav pro zmírnění následků předního nárazu automobilu do nedeformovatelné bariéry." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400464.

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There are many collisions on the roads every day. Automotive companies do number of different types of crash-tests to reduce the consequences of these collisions. Crash-tests are supposed to uncover problems of tested vehicles. Then it is possible to propose constructional changes to reduce the consequences of different types of collisions. Indipendent organisations then test productional vehicles according to their standarts and evaluate safety of these vehicles. One of these crash-tests is the small overlap test which is being done by Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The small overlap test will be the subject of this thesis. Computational modelling of small overlap test is realised for basic variant and for variants with changes. There is also comparison of basic variant and variants with changes.
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Landos, Ivan, and Olofsson Dali Bitsadze. "Brain waste in Gävle? : Culture crash in an industrial region." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17226.

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Aim and research question: The aim of this study is to investigate how high skilled foreign intellectual individuals are integrated in the job market in Gävle city. The research questions are: How does the job situation for foreign born graduates look like in Gävle city today? What factors and barriers affect the integration of high skilled foreign born graduates on the job market in Gävle city? Method: In our study the data was collected by open questionnaires and interviews as well as from different databases. The respondents consisted of foreign born graduates, politicians, representatives from the private and public sector. Although the data collection was mostly of qualitative nature some quantitative tools are used in this study such as charts and pie charts to give a more common view of the sampled group’s responses. The way we choose to work on the study was in an deductive manner as we started out in observations and later try to explain them with theory. When trying to find these theories we used textbooks and scientific articles to gather explanations by different authors.Results and conclusions: Our main findings where that the main barrier for the employers towards foreign born graduates is failure to communicate with them because of culture crash. The second most common barrier named by employers is the language. The third most common problem is related to contact networks. From the graduate point of view the first thing they name is lack of information as their biggest problem. The second most common problem for graduates is the language and the third most common problem they name discrimination which according to us is an effect of culture crash. Our conclusion and recommendation is that to help employers seeking qualified personal, and to help foreign born graduates to look for the right jobs, i.e. encourage these two streams to meet. There is work needed to be done in two directions the employers need to be informed with more relevant information about cultural background of foreign born graduates and for the public sector to provide better orientation to the foreign born graduates in the Swedish system. We have through our respondents learned that there indeed exists a level of brain waste. The theoretical implication from this study is that the research adds to strengthen existing theories. When talking about culture, according to the respondents it is important that an employer has a knowledge of diversity. Culture and language has been confirmed as barriers towards the job market by all respondents. The study also confirmed factors which hinders integration of foreign born graduates to the job market. These factors are: Hazards, disadvantages and integration containing lack of information, lack of guidance, proper job seeking tools, stereotypes and discrimination. The study shows a low priority of social integration among the foreign born respondents, versus learning the Swedish language and looking for jobs in Gävle city.   Key words: integration, job market, barriers, culture, language, foreign, Sweden
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Ness, Jacob Raymond. "Development of guidelines for the aesthetic surface treatment of safety-shaped median barriers." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1297.

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Safety-shaped median barriers have long been employed to keep misguided vehicles on the roadway. In recent years there has been a growing national desire for more aesthetically pleasing roadside safety systems. Adding surface texture is one of the most popular ways to make a more aesthetically pleasing barrier. This practice of adding surface texture can potentially reduce the safety performance of the barrier. The purpose of this research was to develop guidelines for the aesthetic surface treatment of safety-shaped median barriers. Numerical simulation was utilized to develop these guidelines. This was done by first validating the vehicle model that was used in this research, which was the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC) 2000P Detailed Pickup Truck model. The validity of the vehicle model could be determined by comparing the vehicle dynamics of the simulation to the actual crash test data for the smooth surfaced Single Slope and New Jersey Safety-Shaped barriers. Crash tests involving concrete median barriers most commonly fail crash testing criteria given by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 by excessive Occupant Compartment Deformation (OCD). OCD is excessive deformation of the occupant compartment that would cause severe harm to the occupant. Current simulation vehicle models do not give reliable direct measurement of OCD. To take the place of direct measurement, several parameters were measured to find the best surrogate measure of OCD. The internal energy of the floorboard in the NCAC 2000P Detailed Pickup Truck model gave the best correlation to OCD. By simulating several different past crash tests with passing and failing OCD, limits of internal energy in the floorboard could determine if a simulation had passing, marginal, or failing amounts of OCD. Using the surrogate measure of OCD a parametric study was then evaluated by NCHRP Report 350 standards. The parametric study of 29 simulations varied width and depth of recess between asperities for two different angles of asperities. Guidelines were determined for the 45? and 90? angles of asperities as a curve on depth vs. width of recess between asperities from the results of this parametric study.
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Aleotti, Alessandro. "Sistemi di ritenuta stradale: evoluzione normativa nazionale ed europea." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2006/.

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Books on the topic "Crash Barrier"

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MacDonald, Daniel J. Precast concrete barrier crash testing. Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 2001.

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Hiss, J. G. Fred. Traffic barrier performance. Available through the National Technical Information Service, 1992.

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Brooks, Eric W. Adiem II end terminal for concrete barrier: Final report. Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 2001.

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Brooks, Eric W. Adiem II end terminal for concrete barrier: OR-EF-98-11 : construction report. Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Unit, 1998.

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Bryden, James E. Development of an economic model to compare median barrier costs. Engineering Research and Development Bureau, New York State Dept. of Transportation, 1987.

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Sankey, J. Vehicle barrier impact testing on a 1987 Toyota Camry 4-door sedan with Hybrid III dummies. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1987.

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Sankey, J. Vehicle barrier impact testing on a 1987 Subaru XT 2-door coupe with Hybrid III dummies. U.S. Dept. of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1987.

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Sankey, J. Vehicle barrier impact testing with Hybrid III dummies in a 1987 Ford Escort 5-door hatchback. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1988.

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Sankey, J. Vehicle barrier impact testing with Hybrid III dummies in a Chrysler Lebaron 2-door coupe. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1987.

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Wade, B. L. Air bag demonstration test: 1982 Chevrolet Caprice into a fixed barrier at 30.0 mph. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Crash Barrier"

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Wang, Zhi, Bi-na Dai, and Hui Zhao. "Study of the Sled Test Simulation for 40 % Offset Deformable Barrier Crash Test." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33805-2_16.

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Stigson, Helena, Anders Kullgren, and Lars-Erik Andersson. "Rural Road Design According to the Safe System Approach." In The Vision Zero Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_36.

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AbstractThis chapter covers design of rural roads according to the model for safe traffic used in the Vision Zero approach. Based on expected levels of the safety of vehicles and road users, the roads and the road side furniture should be designed to avoid fatalities and serious injuries. An introduction is presented covering the safe system approach and how speed limits of roads should be set to reflect the safety standard of the road in relation human injury tolerance and the capacity to protect the road users. One section will cover countermeasures to protect vulnerable road users, including speed calming road infrastructure, bicycle and pedestrian paths, bus stops. Another section will cover road infrastructure countermeasures addressing vehicle occupants. It is shown how change of velocity, vehicle mean acceleration, and crash duration are correlated and how they influence occupant injury risk. Design of different types of roads on rural roads is described, such as the two-plus-one lane road design with median barrier, and various ways of separating traffic or preventing run-off road crashes including road barrier design and rumble strips. Safe intersection design is an important part on rural roads that is explained. The last part covers design of the roadside area from a safe system approach.
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Stigson, Helena, Anders Kullgren, and Lars-Erik Andersson. "Rural Road Design According to the Safe System Approach." In The Vision Zero Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_36-1.

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AbstractThis chapter covers design of rural roads according to the model for safe traffic used in the Vision Zero approach. Based on expected levels of the safety of vehicles and road users, the roads and the road side furniture should be designed to avoid fatalities and serious injuries. An introduction is presented covering the safe system approach and how speed limits of roads should be set to reflect the safety standard of the road in relation human injury tolerance and the capacity to protect the road users. One section will cover countermeasures to protect vulnerable road users, including speed calming road infrastructure, bicycle and pedestrian paths, bus stops. Another section will cover road infrastructure countermeasures addressing vehicle occupants. It is shown how change of velocity, vehicle mean acceleration, and crash duration are correlated and how they influence occupant injury risk. Design of different types of roads on rural roads is described, such as the two-plus-one lane road design with median barrier, and various ways of separating traffic or preventing run-off road crashes including road barrier design and rumble strips. Safe intersection design is an important part on rural roads that is explained. The last part covers design of the roadside area from a safe system approach.
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Wach, W., and K. Kwieciński. "On the linearity of the relationship between Equivalent Barrier Speed and residual crush in automobile collisions." In Automotive Safety 2024. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003465959-14.

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"crash barrier (Brit.)." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_35263.

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"crash barrier post." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_35264.

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"crash barrier [n] [UK]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_2752.

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Elkady, Mustafa, Muhammad Sheikh, and Kevin Burn. "Numerical Analysis for Vehicle Collision Mitigation and Safety Using Dynamics Control Systems." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch014.

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The aim of this chapter is to investigate the effect of vehicle dynamics control systems (VDCS) on both the collision of the vehicle body and the kinematic behaviour of the vehicle's occupant in case of offset frontal vehicle-to-vehicle collision. The study also investigates the full-frontal vehicle-to-barrier crash scenario. A unique 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vehicle dynamics/crash mathematical model and a simplified lumped mass occupant model are developed. The first model is used to define the vehicle body crash parameters and it integrates a vehicle dynamics model with a vehicle front-end structure model. The second model aims to predict the effect of VDCS on the kinematics of the occupant. It is shown from the numerical simulations that the vehicle dynamics/crash response and occupant behaviour can be captured and analysed quickly and accurately. Furthermore, it is shown that the VDCS can affect the crash characteristics positively and the occupant behaviour is improved in the full and offset crash scenarios.
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Wu, Xiangguo, Jinkai Qiu, Sha Liu, and Ruofei Zou. "The current situation of concrete crash barrier walls on the city bridges of Harbin and the design concept of new fabricated protective plates." In Concrete Solutions 2014. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17394-115.

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Leblanc, Nadine L. "Women in Leadership." In Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1049-9.ch049.

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Women are generally viewed favorably as a group, except when they assume roles that were previously dominated by men. We see examples in industries that demonstrate that the complex issue of a woman's qualifications is judged more harshly than those of their similarly situated male counterparts. Women face barriers to leadership positions because of the limitations placed upon gender roles in as society. This chapter discusses the barriers that have historically limited the social mobility of women, while examining the current trend where women in academia are currently obtaining advanced degrees than men which positions them to potentially challenge the glass ceiling. Historical literature will be reviewed to highlight the persistent issues resulting in a very low number of women in leadership positions in the United States. Additionally, contemporary literature will be analyzed the impact of a greater number of women in the workforce with the skills and abilities and yet lacking opportunities to crash the proverbial ‘glass ceiling.'
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Conference papers on the topic "Crash Barrier"

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Littell, Justin, Michael Seal, Edwin Fasanella, Karen Jackson, and Martin Annett. "The Development of Two Composite Energy Absorbers for Use in a Transport Rotorcraft Airframe Crash Testbed (TRACT 2) Full-Scale Crash Test." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10141.

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Two composite energy absorbers were developed and evaluated at NASA Langley Research Center through multi-level testing and simulation performed under the Transport Rotorcraft Airframe Crash Testbed (TRACT) research program. A conical-shaped energy absorber, designated the conusoid, was evaluated that consisted of four layers of hybrid carbon-Kevlar® plain weave fabric oriented at [+45°°/-45°/-45°/+45°] with respect to the vertical direction. A sinusoidal-shaped energy absorber, designated the sinusoid, was developed that consisted of hybrid carbon-Kevlar® plain weave fabric face sheets, two layers for each face sheet oriented at ±45° with respect to the vertical direction, and a closed-cell ELFOAM® P200 polyisocyanurate (2.0-lb/ft3) foam core. The design goal for the energy absorbers was to achieve average floor-level accelerations of between 25- and 40-g during the full-scale crash test of a retrofitted CH-46E helicopter airframe, designated TRACT 2. Variations in both designs were assessed through dynamic crush testing of component specimens. Once the designs were finalized, subfloor beams of each configuration were fabricated and retrofitted into a barrel section of a CH-46E helicopter. A vertical drop test of the barrel section was conducted onto concrete to evaluate the performance of the energy absorbers prior to retrofit into TRACT 2. The retrofitted airframe was crash tested under combined forward and vertical velocity conditions onto soft soil. Finite element models were developed of all test articles and simulations were performed using LS-DYNA®, a commercial nonlinear explicit transient dynamic finite element code. Test-analysis results are presented for each energy absorber as comparisons of time-history responses, as well as predicted and experimental structural deformations and progressive damage under impact loading for each evaluation level.
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Bendre, Sagar, Alakendu Das, and Manish Jaiswal. "Crash Simulation of Steel-Wood Hybrid Road Safety Barrier with Perforated Post Design: TB 11 Evaluation." In 11th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference (SIIMC 2024). SAE International, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0162.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Research areas in Road furniture have become critical due to the rising incidence of road accidents and fatalities. Enhancing road attributes such as crash barriers, crash cushions, crash poles, and emergency communication systems can significantly reduce these fatalities. Among these, crash barriers promise particular attention as they serve as immediate safety mechanisms. When a vehicle loses control, crash barriers can effectively mitigate the severity of accidents by restraining the vehicle and preventing more severe outcomes. This paper focuses on the performance of a novel steel-wood hybrid crash barrier with perforated post parallel to vehicles direction, designed to enhance road safety in hilly areas. Utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) in LS-DYNA software, renowned for simulating structural deformation under loading, we evaluated the structural response and crashworthiness of the hybrid barrier under various impact scenarios. Our simulations assessed the barrier's effectiveness in dissipating kinetic energy and reducing vehicle deceleration during collisions, considering material properties, geometry, and impact conditions. The results provide valuable insights into the mechanical behavior and performance characteristics of the steel-wood hybrid crash barrier, informing the optimization of design parameters and the development of advanced safety features for transportation infrastructure. By combining steel and wood, this hybrid barrier aims to reduce the required working width while maintaining high safety standards, particularly in challenging terrains, thereby contributing to safer roads for all users.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Ma, C. Y., Y. Li, J. Y. Richard Liew, and K. K. Vu. "A Novel Deployable Vehicle Crash Barrier." In 10th International Conference on Advances in Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-2615-7_r004.

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Reid, John D., Ronald K. Faller, and Dean L. Sicking. "High Speed Crash Barrier Investigation Using Simulation." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2473.

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Abstract Auto racing has become one of the most popular sporting venues in the United States. For these events, vehicles typically travel around oval tracks at extremely high speeds, in some cases in excess of 365 km/h. At these higher speeds, these vehicles may be involved in multi-car collisions or impacts with the exterior rigid walls, potentially resulting in serious driver injuries or fatalities. Although infrequent, serious harm has also occurred to spectators as flying vehicle debris has passed over protective fencing. As a result of these accidents, researchers at the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, in cooperation with the Indy Racing League, Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and Kestrel Advisors, Inc., have been investigating and developing several energy-absorbing barrier concepts that would provide increased track safety. Two concepts — one using HDPE plates and one using crushable foam — are described herein. Preliminary results from the computer simulation effort show great potential for increasing the safety of race track barriers.
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Crosby, Charles L., Charles Y. Warner, Mark H. Warner, and Richard Galati. "Derivation of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Frontal Crash Pulse Estimates from Barrier Crash Data." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0174.

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Shreiber, David I., Allison C. Bain, and David F. Meaney. "In Vivo Thresholds for Mechanical Injury to the Blood-Brain Barrier." In 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/973335.

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Prasad, Priya, Dainius Dalmotas, and Alan German. "The Field Relevance of NHTSA's Oblique Research Moving Deformable Barrier Tests." In 58th Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-22-0007.

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Fileta, B., and X. Liu. "Predicting Vehicle Crash Performance in Offset Barrier Impact." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1011.

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Abstract This paper describes experimental and analytical techniques developed to alter a full barrier, one-dimension. lumped mass-spring model to a model which can be used to calculate the vehicle response in an offset rigid barrier impact. The changes to the full barrier model were based on significant findings from the comparative experimental investigation of the vehicle behavior in offset and full rigid barrier crashes. The techniques used to analyze the data in this experimental investigation are discussed. These techniques proved to be very effective in developing correlation factors between the two test types. Furthermore, methods of applying the experimental factors to generate new spring, mass, and contact data for modeling and crash simulation of the offset impact are presented. Finally, the paper discusses the correlation between the analytical results of the modified model and the crash test results.
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Hassan, Joseph, Guy Nusholtz, and Ke Ding. "Rails Deformation Pattern in Frontal Impact." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39082.

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During a vehicle crash stress waves can be generated at the impact point and propagate through the vehicle structure. The generation of these waves is dependent, in general, on the crash type and, in particular, on the impact contact characteristics. This has consequences with respect to different crash barrier interfaces for vehicle evaluation. The two barriers most commonly used to evaluate the response of a vehicle in a frontal impact are the rigid barrier and the offset deformable barrier. They constitute different crash modes, full frontal and offset. Consequently it would be expected that there are different deformation patterns between the two. However, an additional possible contributor to the difference is that an impact into a rigid barrier generates waves of significantly greater stress than impacts with the deformable one. If stress waves are a significant component of real world final deformation patterns then, the choice of barrier interface and its effective stiffness is critical. To evaluate this conjecture, models of two types of rails each undergoing two different types of impacts, are analyzed using an explicit dynamic finite element code. Results show that the energy perturbation along the rail depends on the barrier type and that the early phase of wave propagation has very little effect on the final deformation pattern. This implies that in the real world conditions, the stress wave propagation along the rail has very little effect on the final deformed shape of the rail.
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Steiner, John C., John Olsen, Tom Walli, et al. "Medium Duty North American Delivery Van Frontal Barrier Crash Test Data for Crash Reconstruction." In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1420.

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Reports on the topic "Crash Barrier"

1

Pineda-Mendez, Raul A., Qiming Guo, Mario A. Romero, and Andrew P. Tarko. In-Service Safety Evaluation of Indiana Impact Attenuators and Barrier End Treatments. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317765.

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Crashes related to barrier end treatments and impact attenuators generally have higher severity levels than those colliding with barrier faces. To select the most effective end treatments, the in-service safety evaluation of such end treatments under various operational conditions was needed. This study linked 7 years of crash records with the corresponding end treatments using inventory from the Indiana Road Network Dataset. Factors affecting crash severity, including speed, weather, roadway features, and vehicle types, were extracted and integrated with crashes in the modeling sample. Both random parameter and fixed effect ordered logit models were used to estimate the effects of various end treatments on crash severity under studied conditions. The probabilities of severity levels outcomes were estimated for barrier end treatments and impact attenuators. These probability distributions were converted into economic costs with proper adjustments for the estimated underreporting rates. The corresponding crash and cost reduction factors were also estimated. The expected average crash costs under various operational conditions should help select a roadside safety device that performs best for the road and traffic conditions.
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Murakami, Ryota, Koji Mizuno, Kunio Yamazaki, and Yuji Arai. The Evaluation of Barrier Load at Full-Width Crash Test. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0521.

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Maintenance electrician dies from crush injuries when caught between nip barrier and upper frame of paper rewinder - Virginia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface9717.

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