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Journal articles on the topic 'CRC32'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Gueron, Shay. "Speeding up CRC32C computations with Intel CRC32 instruction." Information Processing Letters 112, no. 5 (February 2012): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2011.11.015.

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2

Maya, Widiarti Rista. "Penerapan Metode CRC32 Dalam Pembuatan AntiVirus." Jurnal SAINTIKOM (Jurnal Sains Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer) 17, no. 2 (August 8, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.53513/jis.v17i2.110.

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Virus komputer merupakan program komputer yang dapat menggandakan atau menyalin dirinya sendiri dan menyebar dengan cara menyisipkan salinan dirinya ke dalam program atau dokumen lain. Virus komputer sifatnya dapat merusak misalnya dengan merusak data pada dokumen, membuat pengguna komputer merasa terganggu dengan keberadaannya dalam sebuah sistem komputer, maupun tidak menimbulkan efek merusak sama sekali. Antivirus adalah sebuah jenis perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan menghapus virus komputer dari sistem komputer.Metode CRC32 sebagai metode pada proses scanning salah satunya adalah metode CRC32. Sesuai dengan fungsi utama dari fungsi hashing, CRC32 berfungsi untuk mengambil penanda dari sebuah file yang nantinya akan dipakai sebagai acuan untuk memeriksa apakah suatu file adalah file virus atau bukan. Kecil sekali kemungkinan bahwa dua buah file mempunyai nilai CRC32 yang sama. Hal ini disebabkan perbedaan 1 bit saja pada file akan mengubah nilai CRC32 file tersebut.Perhitungan indeks akan dikonversi kedalam bentuk decimal agar diketahui jelas nilai indeksnya dan dilakukan perhitungan terhadap file yang akan dikoreksi dengan menggunakann bahasa pemrograman visual basic studio 2010
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3

Hutomo, Bagus P. S., Hartanto Kusuma Wardana, and Banu Wirawan Yohanes. "Pendeteksi Error dengan CRC32 dan Cek Integritas dengan SHA256 pada Aplikasi Pengunduh dan Transfer File." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 17, no. 02 (November 1, 2018): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v17i02.178.

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Seiring file yang diunduh dari Internet, maka dibutuhkan pengunduh yang dapat melakukan deteksi error dan cek integritas data secara otomatis setelah proses unduh selesai. Selain file unduh, pengecekan integritas juga dilakukan setelah proses transfer file pada jaringan lokal. Hal ini diperlukan untuk memastikan keutuhan dan integritas file yang diunduh maupun ditransfer. Pengecekan keutuhan dan integritas dilakukan dengan mengecek CRC32 dan SHA256 dari file yang diunduh maupun ditransfer. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan file yang tidak diubah dan file yang diubah menghasilkan nilai CRC32 dan SHA256 yang berbeda, sehingga pengecekan CRC32 dan SHA256 dapat digunakan untuk memastikan keutuhan dan integritas file.
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4

Klimenko,, Sergey, Valentin Yakovlev, and Yekaterina Blagoveshchenskaya. "The study of implementations of CRC32 algorithms." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-470-477.

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Objective: To give comparative assessment of the basic ways of generating a checksum (CRC code) based on direct, table and matrix algorithms. Methods: Algorithms were compared by means of mathematical methods. In order to achieve the result Java Development Kit software version 1.8 and NetBeans IDE8.2 development environment were used. Results: The methods of generating checksums by means of algorithms were described in detail. For each method under consideration, the time characteristics of their work were given. The comparison of the analyzed methods was conducted. Practical importance: Based on the results of the experiment, it was concluded which method was optimal for the generation of checksums.
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5

Alamsyah, Reza, and Mhd Dicky Syahputra Lubis. "Penggunaan Metode Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 (CRC32) Sebagai Pendeteksian Kerusakan File Dokumen." JURNAL ARMADA INFORMATIKA 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36520/jai.v2i2.37.

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Dokumen-dokumen digital dihasilkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi pengolah kata seperti Microsoft Word atau Notepad menjadi sebuah file dengan ekstensi yang berbeda sesuai dengan aplikasi pengolah kata yang digunakan. Seperti halnya dokumen yang bersifat manual, dokumen-dokumen digital ini tidak terlepas dari bahaya kerusakan. Salah satu kerusakan yang sering terjadi pada dokumen digital adalah perubahan yang terjadi didalam dokumen tersebut akibat dari serangan virus atau pemadaman komputer dengan paksa. CRC32 (Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 Bit) merupakan suatu metode yang menggunakan fungsi hash dalam membaca sebuah struktur dalam sebuah file dalam transmisi atau penyimpanan sebuah data. CRC32 dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi error (kerusakan) pada sebuah data yang mungkin terjadi pada saat transmisi data atau pengiriman data. Perangkat lunak yang dirancang mampu mendeteksi apakah suatu file mengalami perubahan atau kerusakan berdasarkan nilai checksum dan nilai CRC dari file tersebut. Perangkat lunak ini memiliki kelemahan dalam hal proses pendeteksian kerusakan file, dimana perangkat lunak tidak dapat mendeteksi lebih dari satu file sekaligus dalam satu proses pendeteksian. Kata kunci: CRC32, File, Word
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6

Li, Chuanhong, Lei Song, and Xuewen Zeng. "An Adaptive Throughput-First Packet Scheduling Algorithm for DPDK-Based Packet Processing Systems." Future Internet 13, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13030078.

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The continuous increase in network traffic has sharply increased the demand for high-performance packet processing systems. For a high-performance packet processing system based on multi-core processors, the packet scheduling algorithm is critical because of the significant role it plays in load distribution, which is related to system throughput, attracting intensive research attention. However, it is not an easy task since the canonical flow-level packet scheduling algorithm is vulnerable to traffic locality, while the packet-level packet scheduling algorithm fails to maintain cache affinity. In this paper, we propose an adaptive throughput-first packet scheduling algorithm for DPDK-based packet processing systems. Combined with the feature of DPDK burst-oriented packet receiving and transmitting, we propose using Subflow as the scheduling unit and the adjustment unit making the proposed algorithm not only maintain the advantages of flow-level packet scheduling algorithms when the adjustment does not happen but also avoid packet loss as much as possible when the target core may be overloaded Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms Round-Robin, HRW (High Random Weight), and CRC32 on system throughput and packet loss rate.
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7

Moon, Hyung-In, and Okpyo Zee. "Sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium rosulatum with potential cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 8 (October 11, 2010): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110386818.

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In search for plant-derived cytotoxicity compound against human cancer cells (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, HCT15), it was found that the chloroform extracts obtained from the whole plant of Carpesium rosulatum MlQ. (Compositae) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. Four sesquiterpene lactone, CRC1 (2α, 5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6-angeloyl-oxy-9β-isobutyloxy-germacran-8α,12-olide), CRC2 (2α,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6α,9β-diangeloyloxy-germacran-8α,12-olide), CRC3 (2α,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6α-angeloyloxy-9β-(3-methyl-butanoyloxy)-gemacran-8α,12-olide), CRC4 (2β,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6α,9β-diangeloyloxy-germacran-8α,12-olide) were isolated from the whole parts of C. rosulatum. 2α,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6α,9β-diangeloyloxy-germacran-8α,12-olide (CRC2) showed the most potent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 6.01 μM against SK-MEL-2.
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8

Nino, Akihiro, Takashi Sekine, Kazuhisa Sugawara, Shigeaki Sugiyama, and Hitoshi Taimatsu. "Effect of Added Cr3C2 on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC–SiC Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.33.

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WC–20 mol% SiC ceramics with added Cr3C2 were sintered at 1600°C with a resistance-heated hot-pressing machine. Dense WC–SiC ceramics containing 0.1–0.9 mol% Cr3C2 were obtained. Above 1.2 mol% Cr3C2, the relative density decreased with increasing Cr3C2 content. A small amount of a Nowotny-phase type (Mo5Si3C-type) product was formed by the addition of Cr3C2, and no Cr3C2-based solid solution was found. The WC–20 mol% SiC–Cr3C2 ceramics had very fine equiaxed granular WC grains because of inhibited grain growth of WC. The Young’s modulus of the WC–20 mol% SiC–Cr3C2 ceramics decreased with increasing Cr3C2 content because Cr3C2 has a much lower Young’s modulus than WC. Cr3C2 addition below 0.9 mol% increased the Vickers hardness from 20.9 to 23.0 GPa, but a larger added amount reduced the Vickers hardness. The hardness of the WC–20 mol% SiC–Cr3C2 ceramics and the WC grain size obeyed a Hall–Petch-like relationship, suggesting that the hardness was strongly controlled by the WC grain size. A higher fracture toughness, 6.4 MPa m1/2, was obtained for the ceramics containing a small amount of Cr3C2 than for the binder-free WC. The addition of 0.1–0.3 mol% Cr3C2 improved the fracture toughness without reducing the hardness.
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9

Zhang, Qing, Jun Tan, Ling Dong Meng, Yan Zang, Hai Chao Zhao, and Yao Yao Xu. "Microstructure and Properties of Co-Ni-Cr3C2 Nanocomposite Coatings Produced by Jet-Electrodeposition." Key Engineering Materials 842 (May 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.842.55.

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Co-Ni-Cr3C2 nano-composite coatings at various concentrations of Cr3C2 particles were produced by Jet-eletrodeposition. Surface morphology and crystallographic structure of the coatings were investigated by means of SEM and XRD. Mechanical properties of the coatings were determined using Vickers microhardness and friction wear tester. It was found that adding nano-Cr3C2 concentration in electroplating bath weakens the abnormal co-deposition to a certain extent and decreases the deposition amount of co. The increase of the content of nano-Cr3C2 in the bath, the content of nano-Cr3C2 in the coating increases, when the content of nanoparticles is 80g/l, the content of nano-chromium carbide in the coating reaches the maximum value of 25.13 wt.%. With the addition of nano-Cr3C2 particles, the surface of nanocomposite coating is uneven and presents cauliflower head morphology. When the content of nano-Cr3C2 particles is 40g/l, the growth of the coating is the most uniform and compact. The phase structure of Co–Ni/nano-Cr3C2 coatings is not changed by the codeposition of nano-Cr3C2 particles, but it obviously influences the growth and orientation of crystal planes in composite coatings, especially at high nano-Cr3C2 particles content. Maximum microhardness was observed to be 595 Hv for Co-Ni-40g/L Cr3C2 coating and its wear resistance is the best at the same time.
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10

Zhao, Hailong, Lirong Luo, Fangwei Guo, Xiaofeng Zhao, and Ping Xiao. "High-temperature tribological behavior of Mo and BaF2 added Cr3C2-NiCr matrix composite." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2019-0075.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological performance of Cr3C2–NiCr–Mo–BaF2 composite sliding against a Si3N4 ball at high temperatures. Design/methodology/approach A Cr3C2–NiCr composite and a Cr3C2–NiCr–Mo–BaF2 composite were prepared using spark plasma sintering. Tribological properties of the composites were investigated using a ball-on-disk type tribotester. The relationships among the microstructure, wear mechanism and tribological performance were determined by analyzing the wear track morphologies and the glaze layer’s phase composition. Findings The wear rate of the Cr3C2–NiCr–Mo–BaF2 composite was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the Cr3C2–NiCr composite from 700°C to 900°C when sliding against a Si3N4 ball. The favorable tribological performance of the Cr3C2–NiCr–Mo–BaF2 composite at high temperatures results from the synergistic lubrication of MoOx, BaF2 and BaMoO4. Originality/value This paper reports a new Cr3C2–NiCr matrix self-lubricating composite with better tribological properties than Cr3C2–NiCr composite at temperatures up to 900°C through Mo and BaF2 addition.
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11

Wang, Hong Tao, Gang Chang Ji, Qing Yu Chen, Xue Fei Du, and Wei Fu. "The Microstructure and Erosion Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings with Different Feedstock Powder." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.809.

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In the present study, Cr3C2-NiCr coatings have been deposited using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) system from two commercially available powders with different NiCr contents (25 and 40 wt.%) and manufactured by different process (the blended and agglomerated-sintered). Coating microstructures were studied by scan electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness, erosive wear performance of the two coatings was measurement. The influence of powder characteristics on the microstructure and erosive performance of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was investigated. The erosion mechanism of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings was examined through the surface morphology of the eroded coatings. The results indicated that Cr3C2-NiCr coating hardness decreased from 822 to 702 Hv with increasing NiCr content from 25 wt.% to 40 wt.%, however, Cr3C2-40NiCr coating exhibits better erosive wear resistance in comparison to Cr3C2-25NiCr coating.
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12

Smolik, Jerzy, and Adam Mazurkiewicz. "The Deposition of Ni/Cr-Cr3C2 Composite Coatings by Arc-EB Hybrid Technology." Materials Science Forum 674 (February 2011): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.674.71.

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The new hybrid technology is a combination of electron beam evaporation and arcevaporation processes, enabling the creation of the anti-erosion multilayer composite coating Ni/Cr- Cr3C2 with different volume of Cr3C2 filling in soft Ni/Cr matrix. The soft matrix made of Ni/Cr alloy and hard filling of Cr3C2 are created at the same time and directly during the electron beam and arc-evaporation process. Changes of the parameters of the hybrid process, i.e. pressure, current of arc discharge and substrate bias voltage Ubias, make it possible to control the volume of Cr3C2 and are a factor in filling the soft Cr/Ni matrix with carbides Cr3C2. With the use of the developed surface treatment hybrid technology, the multilayer composite coating Ni/Cr-Cr3C2 were obtained. For all composite layers created, the material properties, such as morphology, phase and chemical compositions, hardness, and Young modulus were investigated. The paper presents the original technological equipment, methodology, and technological parameters for the creation of the composite coating Ni/Cr-Cr3C2.
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13

Lii, Ding-Fwu, Jow-Lay Huang, Jin-Jay Huang, and Horng-Hwa Lu. "The interfacial reaction in Cr3C2/Al2O3 composites." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0108.

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This study investigates the effects of sintering atmosphere and temperature on the interfacial properties of Cr3C2/Al2O3 composites. Thermodynamic considerations and calculations with computer-assisted methods for the equilibrium compositions in the Al–O–Cr–C system were used to simulate the interfacial reaction in Cr3C2/Al2O3 composite during sintering. The results were in good agreement with the experimental analysis. Cr3C2 is more stable during sintering in a system with carbon due to the lower equilibrium oxygen partial pressure. Controlling CO and O2 gas concentration, Cr3C2 first oxidized, decarbonized, and then transformed to Cr7C3 before reacting with Al2O3. An interfacial reaction between Cr3C2 and Al2O3 was not observed.
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14

PING, XUELONG, SHUTING SUN, FENG WANG, HANGUANG FU, JIAN LIN, YINGHUA LIN, and YONGPING LEI. "EFFECT OF Cr3C2 ADDITION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LASER CLADDING NiCrBSi COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 06 (July 2019): 1850207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18502074.

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In this paper, the enhancement of NiCrBSi coatings by adding Cr3C2 were investigated. The NiCrBSi coatings with different additions of Cr3C2 were produced by laser cladding. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and M-200 wear tester. It is found that the main phases in the coatings are [Formula: see text]-Ni, Cr[Formula: see text]C6 and Cr7C3, and they also contain a small amount of CrB, Ni4B3 and Ni3Si2. Moreover, with the increase of Cr3C2 addition, the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings are obviously improved. When the addition of Cr3C2 is 20%, the wear resistance of the coating is the best, and the wear resistance of the coating increased by 191.2% than that of the Cr3C2-free coating. The wear resistance of coating decreases when the addition of Cr3C2 reaches 30%.
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15

Yin, Chao, Jianming Ruan, Yong Du, Jianzhan Long, Yingbiao Peng, and Kai Li. "Effects of Cr3C2, VC, and TaC on Microstructure, WC Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine WC–10 wt. % Co Cemented Carbides." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091211.

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In this study, the effects of Cr3C2, VC, and TaC on microstructure, WC grain morphology and mechanical properties of WC–10 wt. % Co ultrafine cemented carbides were investigated. The experimental results showed that WC grains size decreased and size distribution became narrow by adding Cr3C2, VC, and TaC. The inhibition efficiency was in the order of VC > Cr3C2 > TaC. Cr3C2 addition would induce triangular prism grains and Co phase was strengthened by Cr3C2, resulting in the enhancement of transverse rupture strength (TRS) and impact toughness. WC morphologies in cemented carbides with VC addition were triangular prisms with multi-steps in basal and prismatic planes due to anisotropic growth. The multi-steps in basal and prismatic planes led to low TRS and fracture toughness. The inhibition mechanism of TaC is to reduce the surface energy of WC and slow down the solution/re-precipitation rate at the WC/Co interfaces by adsorbing on the surface of WC grains. The sample with 0.8 wt. % Cr3C2 had excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Its Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, TRS and impact toughness were 1620 kg/mm2, 9.94 MPa·m1/2, 3960 MPa and 50.4 J/m2, respectively. In summary, Cr3C2 is the first choice as the grain growth inhibitors (GGI) for the preparation of ultrafine cemented carbides.
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Matsushita, Junichi, Kenji Shimao, Yoshiyuki Machida, Takumi Takao, Kiyokata Iizumi, Yutaka Sawada, and Kwang Bo Shim. "Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Chromium Boride - Chromium Carbide Composites." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1077.

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Several boride sintered bodies such as TiB2, ZrB2, and SiB6 were previously reported. In the present study, the sinterability and physical properties of chromium boride (CrB2) containing chromium carbide (Cr3C2) sintered bodies were investigated in order to determine its new advanced material. The samples were sintered at desired temperature for 1 hour in vacuum under a pressure by hot pressing. The relative density of sintered bodies was measured by Archimedes’ method. The relative densities of CrB2 addition of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mass % Cr3C2 composites were 92 to 95 %. The Vickers hardness of the CrB2 with 10 and 15 mass % Cr3C2 composites were about 14 and 15 GPa at room temperature, respectively. The Vickers hardness at high temperature of the CrB2 addition of 10 mass % Cr3C2 composite decreased with increasing measurement temperature. The Vickers hardness at 1273 K of the sample was 6 GPa. The Vickers hardness of CrB2 addition of Cr3C2 composites was higher than monolithic CrB2 sintered body. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis detected CrB and B4C phases in CrB2 containing Cr3C2 composites.
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Yu, Hao, Xian Quan Jiang, Ai Min Jiang, Rong Yu, and Jin Wei Wang. "The Study of Co-Doped NbC / Cr3C2 on the Application of Ultrafine WC-10%Co Cemented Carbides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.320.

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In this paper, ultrafine WC-10%Co cemented carbides were prepared by vacuum sintering. For inhibition of growth of WC grains during sintering, NbC and Cr3C2 were used as inhibitors. With the transformation of co-doped inhibitors content, the grain growth is inhibited and the grain size achieves 490 nm at 0.4% Cr3C2 / 0.3% NbC. The mechanism that co-doped NbC / Cr3C2 on the effective reduction of ultrafine WC-10%Co cemented carbides was analyzed. The 0.4% Cr3C2 / 0.3% NbC addition equipped with the best integrated mechanical properties was obtained in this study. And sintered samples were investigated with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM).
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Yin, Chao, Yingbiao Peng, Jianming Ruan, Lin Zhao, Ren Zhang, and Yong Du. "Influence of Cr3C2 and VC Content on WC Grain Size, WC Shape and Mechanical Properties of WC–6.0 wt. % Co Cemented Carbides." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061551.

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In this paper, the influences of Cr3C2/VC content on WC grain size, WC grain shape and mechanical properties of WC–6 wt. % Co cemented carbides were investigated. The results showed that the grain size first rapidly decreased and then slightly decreased with the increasing Cr3C2/VC content, and VC led to finer grain size and narrower size distribution. HRTEM/EDS analysis of the WC/Co interface indicates that the segregation concentration of V is much larger than that of Cr, which may be a strong response to the higher inhibition efficiency of VC. The addition of Cr3C2 induced triangular prism shape WC grains while VC generated stepped triangular prism grains. Despite the grain growth inhibitor (GGI) mechanisms of Cr3C2/VC have been extensively studied in the literature, the doping amount, especially the doping limit, has not been systematically investigated. In this work, the saturated solubilities of Cr and V in cobalt binder phase along with carbon content hare been predicted based on thermodynamic calculations. Based on the theoretical calculations, the doping amount of Cr3C2/VC is designed to be gradually increasing until more or less over their maximum solubilities in the binder phase, thereby investigating the subsequent microstructure and mechanical properties. When the doping of Cr3C2/VC exceeds the maximum solubility in Co phase, Co-rich Cr-carbides and Co-deficient V-carbides would form respectively, which were detrimental to the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and impact toughness. The hardness increased with the increasing Cr3C2/VC content, while the fracture toughness decreased with the increasing Cr3C2/VC content. The TRS initially enhanced and then declined, but the stepped triangular prism shape grains and low fraction of WC/Co interface in WC–6Co–VC cemented carbide led to a more pronounced decline in the TRS. The sample with 0.6 wt. % Cr3C2 addition had good comprehensive mechanical properties, its hardness, fracture toughness and TRS were 1880 kg/mm2, 9.32 MPa·m1/2 and 3450 MPa, respectively.
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19

LOU, Deyuan, Shaokun YANG, Sheng MEI, Qing LIU, Jian CHENG, Qibiao YANG, Dun LIU, and Chunlin HE. "The Effect of Laser Scanning Speed on Microstructure and Performance of Cr3C2-NiCr Cermet Fabricated by in-situ Laser Cladding." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.23557.

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To explore the effect of laser scanning speed on the microstructure and performance of Cr3C2-NiCr cermet layers fabricated by in-situ laser cladding, Cr3C2-NiCr cermet layers were laser cladded from Ni/Cr/Graphite (25:65:10 wt.%) elemental powder mixtures. The microstructures of the laser cladded cermet layers and the formation mechanism were investigated. In addition, the effect of laser scanning speed on the microstructure, friction and corrosion performance of the Cr3C2-NiCr cermet layers was studied. The results indicated that the in-situ laser cladded Cr3C2-NiCr cermet layers were composed of NiCr binder and Cr3C2. The laser scanning speed had a significant influence on the carbide content, composition and size. Furthermore, it affected the in-situ laser cladded cermet layer’s hardness and wear resistance. The corrosion resistance of the in-situ laser cladded cermet layer was superior to that of laser cladded nickel-based alloy and was improved with decreasing laser scanning speed.
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20

Lu, Jin Bin, Pu Meng, Bin Zhao, and Jian Jun Liu. "Nucleation and Growth of Cr7C3 of Brazing Diamond with Ni-Cr Alloy in Protective Atmosphere Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.505.

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Mono-crystal diamond was brazed with Ni-Cr alloy in protective atmosphere furnace, SEM and XRD were used to analyze the carbides on the surface of diamond and the phases of diamond after brazing, respectively. The results show that the diamond brazed in protective atmosphere furnace can realize high strength connection; the diamond has clear edges and complete morphology after brazing. On the surface of diamond, the arrangement of Cr3C2 is regular, the growth direction of Cr3C2 has a certain orientation relationship with the (111) crystal plane of diamond, all the Cr7C3 nucleates and grows on the surface of Cr3C2, finally, the inner layer is regular arrangement Cr3C2 and the external layer is Cr7C3.
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21

Scendo, Mieczyslaw, Wojciech Zorawski, Katarzyna Staszewska-Samson, and Anna Goral. "Influence of Laser Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) Cermet Coating." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 4078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154078.

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The influence of the laser treatment on the corrosion resistance of the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) cermet coating on the Al7075 (EN, AW-7075) substrate (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)/Al7075) was investigated. The coating was produced by the cold sprayed (CS) method. The tested coatings were irradiated with a laser spot speed of 600 mm/min, 800 mm/min, and 1000 mm/min. The mechanical properties of the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)/Al7075 were characterized by microhardness (HV) measurements. The surface and microstructure of the specimens were observed by ascanning electron microscope (SEM) and other assistive techniques. The corrosion test of materials wascarried out by using the electrochemical method in the acidic chloride solution. Cermet coatings perfectly protect the Al7075 substrate against contact with an aggressive corrosion environment. The laser remelting process of the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) layer caused the homogenization of the structure cermet coatings. The irradiation with the laser beam eliminates microcracks and pores on the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) surface. However, the best effect of improving the anti-corrosion properties of cermet coating was obtained for the lowest laser spot speed (i.e., 600 mm/min). It was found that the corrosion rate of the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) cermet coating was reduced by more than two times compared to the highest speed of the laser spot.
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22

Sun, De Ming, Chong Hai Xu, Liu Bo Yang, and Jing Li. "Fabrication of the Composite Ceramic Material ACS." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.135.

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Based on the theory of thermodynamics, the chemical compatibility of the possible composition system of ceramic material Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC (for short ACS) was analyzed. The results show that no chemical reaction could take place under 1800°C through Cr3C2, SiC and Al2O3. And it was tested by the fabrication of the Al2O3/Cr3C2/SiC composite with the hot pressing sintering technique. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of ACS are super than the Al2O3 ceramic.
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23

Książek, Marzanna, Ilona H. Nejman, Paweł Pałka, and R. Grzelka. "The Influence of Thermal Sprayed Coats Chemical Composition on the Microstructure and Properties." Materials Science Forum 674 (February 2011): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.674.113.

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In the present work, the microstructure, phase composition and microhardness of Cr3C2-NiCr, WCCo, and powdered composite NiCrSiBCr10%,Fe2.5%,Si3.1%,Bi2.1%C; NiCrSiBFe5; NiCrSiBCr5; NiCrSiBFe2.5Cr2.5; HVOF coatings applied on the Al-Si substrate have been compared. The coating cross-sections were examined by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron transmission microscopy (TEM). For hard Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Co coatings, a total microhardness level of about 860 and 1240 HV, respectively, was obtained. The microhardness of composite coatings was essentially lower and comprised in the range of values between 420 and 540 HV. The lowest level of microhardness showed the NiCrSiBFe2.5Cr2.5 coating. The most refined microstructure was found in Cr3C2 and WC coatings. The mean size of splat granules obtained in Cr3C2-NiCr had the value of about 2.7 m and of 0.5 m in WC-Co. For comparison, the granules obtained in composite coatings had the dimensions of about 30 μm. An Xray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of Cr3C2 and WC carbides in Cr3C2-CrNi and WC-Co coatings. In composite coatings, the phases of Cr3Ni5Si2, Ni3Si, FeSi, Fe2B, Cr3Si, BCr as well as other phases were found. The existence of the analyzed phases was additionally confirmed by the selective etching of coating microstructure. The annealing of coatings at 823K resulted in pore disappearance and increased the coating microhardness.
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24

Sidik, Muhamad Harith Izdiyad, N. Amir, and Subhash Kamal. "Wear Mechanism of Wear Resistant HVOF Thermal Spray Coating: Chromium Carbide Nickel Chrome on 304 AISI Steel." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506017.

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One of the common ways to overcome wear is by surface modification which is a coating process. The application of cermet of chromium (Cr carbide) in Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) matrix is widely used as coating material since it provides high wear resistant. Besides, thermal spray process is widely known as the most suitable technique to produce cermet coating. In this study, chromium carbide-nickel chrome (Cr3C2- NiCr) powder is used as the feedstock. High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is used to deposit the coating on mild steel substrate to study the behaviour of wear of the coating. The wear test is conducted by using TABER Linear Abrasion Wear Test machine. The wear rate of both coated and uncoated pin is measured by measuring the weight loss of the samples. The Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins have shown less weight loss than the uncoated pins. The lifetime prediction of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins is higher than the uncoated pins at different time duration and applied loads. The results showed that the wear resistant properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins are higher than the uncoated pins. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) integrated with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to determine the microstructure of Cr3C2-NiCr coating. The microstructure of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pin after the wear testing showed no presence of crack and the wear track was homogenous.
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Glaser, Jochen, Ruth Schmitt, and H. Jürgen Meyer. "Neue Strukturverfeinerung und Eigenschaften von Cr3C2/Structure Refinement and Properties of Cr3C2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 58, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2003-0916.

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Cr3C2 was obtained from arc-melting of pellets made of carbon and chromium. The structure of Cr3C2 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Pnma, Z = 4, a = 553.99(6), b = 283.27(4), c = 1149.4(1) pm, R1 = 0.019 and wR2 = 0.037 for all collected reflections). The crystal structure contains isolated carbon atoms which reside inside of trigonal prismatic voids of metal atoms. The compound exhibits temperature independent paramagnetism. The electronic structure of Cr3C2 has been investigated using extended Hückel calculations.
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26

Sun, Bin, Pu Meng, Jin Bin Lu, Bin Zhao, and Jian Jun Liu. "Influence of Brazing Time on Microstructure of High Temperature Brazing Diamond with Ni-Cr Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.628.

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Samples of high temperature brazing diamond with Ni-Cr alloy are prepared in protective atmosphere furnace for brazing time is 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes. The microstructures were analyzed with Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that there are two layers of carbides on the surface of diamond, lamellar carbide Cr3C2 and columnar carbide Cr7C3, the growth direction of Cr3C2 has a certain orientation relationship with the crystallographic plane of diamond, and Cr7C3 nucleates on the surface of Cr3C2. With the increase of brazing time, the morphology of carbide Cr3C2 turns from linear to lamellar and carbide Cr7C3 turns from granule to columnar. After brazing, chemical metallurgical combination is achieved between diamonds and brazing alloy and carbides are the primary reason for the strong bond strength.
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27

Kakimzhanov, D. N., B. K. Rakhadilov, Yu N. Tyurin, O. V. Kolisnichenko, L. G. Zhurerova, and M. K. Dautbekov. "Influence of pulsed plasma treatment on phase composition and hardness of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings." Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/ejpfm.2021050106.

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In this study, the research results of the influence of pulsed plasma treatment on phase composition, hardness, and roughness of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings are presented. The Cr3C2-NiCr coating was applied to substrate 12Kh18N10T stainless steel by detonation spraying method. To change the physical and mechanical properties of sprayed coating’s surface layers, subsequent pulse-plasma treatment was used. The pulse-plasma treatment leads to changing the roughness of Cr3C2-NiCr coating. The results of mechanical tests showed that after pulsed plasma treatment, the hardness of Cr3C2-NiCr coating is increased. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that the hardness increasing of coating is associated with phase transformations on the surface layer, in particular, the formation of the oxide phase and an increase in the number of carbide particles.
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Fan, Hong Mei, Hai Qing Liu, Jia Ren, Xiang Jun Meng, and Xiu Bo Liu. "Microstructural Characteristics and Wear Properties of NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2 Self-Lubricant Wear-Resistant Composite Coating on Ti6Al4V by Laser Cladding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.814.

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The self-lubricant wear-resistant NiCr/Cr3C2-10%WS2 coating and wear-resistant NiCr/Cr3C2 coating were obtained on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Microstructure of the coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The wear properties were evaluated using a ball-on-disc wear tester under dry sliding condition. The results show that the laser cladding NiCr/Cr3C2-10%WS2 composite coating has good friction-reducing and anti-wear capabilities at ambient.
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Tkachivskyi, Dmytro, Kristjan Juhani, Andrei Surženkov, Priit Kulu, Tomáš Tesař, Radek Mušálek, František Lukáč, et al. "HVOF Sprayed Fe-Based Wear-Resistant Coatings with Carbide Reinforcement, Synthesized In Situ and by Mechanically Activated Synthesis." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111092.

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The aims of this study were: (1) to produce composite coatings by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spraying with steel matrix reinforced by cermets (a) Cr3C2–20%Ni and (b) TiC–20%NiMo, manufactured by mechanically activated synthesis (MAS); (2) to synthesize in situ a carbide reinforcement for iron matrix from a mixture of titanium and carbon during HVOF reactive thermal spraying (RTS); (3) to compare the wear resistance of produced coatings. As a reference, HVOF sprayed coatings from commercial Cr3C2–25%NiCr (Amperit 588.074) and AISI 316L were utilized. Study of microstructure revealed the inhomogeneity of the Cr-based MAS coating; the Ti-based MAS coating had typical carbide granular structure, and the Ti-based RTS coating possessed elongated structures of TiC. The X-ray diffraction revealed two main phases in the Cr-based MAS coating: Cr3C2 and austenite, and two phases in the Ti-based coatings: TiC and austenite. Among the studied coatings, the Cr-based MAS coating demonstrated the highest low-force hardness (490 HV0.3). During the abrasive rubber wheel test (ASTM G65), the Ti-based MAS coating showed the best wear resistance, followed by Cr3C2–25%NiCr and Ti-based RTS coating. In the abrasive–erosive test (GOST 23.201-78), the Ti-based MAS coating was 44% better than Cr3C2–25%NiCr coating. The Ti-based RTS coating was 11% more wear resistant than the reference Cr3C2–25%NiCr coating.
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30

Ksiazek, Marzanna, Lukasz Boron, and Adam Tchorz. "Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Wear Behavior of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) Sprayed (Cr3C2-NiCr+Al) Composite Coating on Ductile Cast Iron." Coatings 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120840.

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In the present work Cr3C2-NiCr powder containing Al particles was deposited on ductile cast iron with high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating technique. An investigation was conducted to determine the role of Al particles in the Cr3C2-NiCr coating produced with HVOF technique on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties in a system Cr2C3-NiCr coating/ductile cast iron. The microstructure of the HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr+Al coating was characterized by light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microstructure analysis reveals the formation of coating with low porosity, good adhesion to the substrate and dense structure with irregularly shaped particles of Al arranged in strips and finely fragmented Cr3C2 particles embedded in a nanocrystalline Ni-Cr alloy matrix. In addition, the results were discussed in reference to examination of bending strength considering cracking and delamination in the system of (Cr3C2-NiCr+Al)/ductile cast iron as well as microhardness and wear resistance of the coating. It was found that the addition of Al particles significantly increased resistance to cracking and wear behaviour in the studied system.
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31

Li, Liya, and Wei Xie. "Amorphization, Crystallization, and Magnetic Properties of Melt-Spun SmCo7−x(Cr3C2)x Alloys." Journal of Metallurgy 2011 (February 15, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/910268.

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Effects of Cr3C2 content and wheel surface speed on the amorphous formation ability and magnetic properties have been investigated for melt-spun SmCo7−x(Cr3C2)x (x=0.10-0.25) alloys. Ribbon melt-spun at lower wheel speed (30 m/s) has composite structure composed of mostly SmCo7, a small amount of Sm2Co17, and residual amorphous phases. The grain size of SmCo7 phase decreases with the increase of Cr3C2 content x. When melt spinning at 40 m/s, SmCo7−x(Cr3C2)x alloys can be obtained in the amorphous state for 0.15≤x≤0.25 with intrinsic coercive Hci of the order of 40–70 Oe. DSC analysis reveals that SmCo7 phase first precipitates from the amorphous matrix at 650∘C, followed by the crystallization of Sm2Co17 phase at 770∘C. Optimal coercivity Hci of 7.98 kOe and remanent magnetization Mr of 55.05 emu/g have been realized in SmCo6.8(Cr3C2)0.20 magnet subjected to melt spinning at 40 m/s and annealing at 650∘C for 5 min. The domain structure of the annealed ribbon is composed of interaction domains typically 100–400 nm in size, which indicates the presence of a strong exchange coupling between the grains.
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32

Cunha, C. A., A. G. F. Padial, Nelson Batista de Lima, J. R. Martinelli, Olandir Vercino Correa, and Lalgudi Venkataraman Ramanathan. "Effect of High Energy Milling Parameters on Nanostructured Cr3C2-Ni20Cr Powder Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.282.

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Cr3C2-NiCr coatings have been used for corrosion and wear resistant applications. In the last decade, thermal sprayed coatings using nanostructured feed stock of other materials has exhibited higher hardness, strength and corrosion resistance. Hence, it is anticipated that nanostructured Cr3C2-NiCr coatings will also exhibit these properties and therefore posses improved performance characteristics. Preparation of nanostructured feed stock powders is the first step in the synthesis of nanostructured coatings and mechanical milling is an effective process to obtain the powders. Preliminary studies in which commercial Cr3C2-NiCr powders were milled in hexane and gaseous nitrogen revealed that particle and crystallite size were significantly smaller in powders milled in nitrogen. This paper presents the effect of hexane content and milling parameters on Cr3C2-Ni20Cr powder characteristics. Use of just sufficient hexane as the milling media reduced significantly the particle and crystallite sizes.
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33

Hachisuka, Takeji. "Solution mechanism of Cr3C2 in TiC-Cr3C2 pseudo-binary system." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 37, no. 4 (1990): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.37.556.

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34

Daniel, Josef, Jan Grossman, Šárka Houdková, and Martin Bystrianský. "Impact Wear of the Protective Cr3C2-Based HVOF-Sprayed Coatings." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092132.

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High velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) prepared CrC-based hardmetal coatings are generally known for their superior wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistance. These properties make this coating attractive for application in industry. However, under some loading conditions and in aggressive environments, the most commonly used NiCr matrix is not sufficient. The study is focused on the evaluation of dynamic impact wear of the HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-25%NiCr and Cr3C2-50%NiCrMoNb coatings. Both coatings were tested by an impact tester with a wide range of impact loads. The Wohler-like dependence was determined for both coatings’ materials. It was shown that, due to the different microstructure and higher amount of tough matrix, the impact lifetime of the Cr3C2-50%NiCrMoNb coating was higher than the lifetime of the Cr3C2-25%NiCr coating. Differences in the behavior of the coatings were the most pronounced at high impact loads.
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35

Wei, Hai Long, Hai Yan Lei, Guo Xiong Zhong, Hai Zhou Yu, and Ping Feng. "Research on Effect of Cr3C2 Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-Based Cermets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.46.

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Four Ti (C,N)-based cermets with Cr3C2 content of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2 % in mass ratio were sintered in vacuum at 1430oC, 1450oC, 1465oC and 1480oC. The mechanical properties of the specimens were determinted and microstructures were observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the effect of Cr3C2 content on mechanical properties and microstructure. The results show that the four Ti (C,N)-based cermets sintered at 1465oC have the best overall mechanical properties; and among them, the cermet with 0.6% Cr3C2 has the best overall mechanical properties, i.e. transverse rupture strength (TRS) 1967MPa, hardness 1556HV and fracture toughness (KIC) 9.5MPa.m1/2. With the increase of Cr3C2 content, the black core volume fraction firstly increases and then decreases, the white core decreases in a progressive and continuous manner, the rim phase firstly increases and then decreases, the binder phase firstly decreases and then increases.
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36

Jiang, Bin Li, Zi Li Kou, De Jiang Ma, Yong Kun Wang, Chun Xia Li, Wen Rui Duan, and Xing Hui Yang. "Mechanical Behavior of the Cr3C2 Compound at High Pressure and High Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1187.

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In the present study, we present a novel method to sinter Cr3C2 powders under high pressure without any addittives. The sintering Cr3C2 samples were charaterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density measurements, Vicker’s hardness tests and Fracture toughness tests. The reasults show that Cr3C2 powders could be sintered to be bulk under the conditions of 3-5 GPa, 800-1200 °C and the heat preservation for 15 min. Moreover, the sintering body of Cr3C2 compound with the relative density of 99.84% by simultaneously tuning the pressure-temperature conditions exhibited excellent mechanical properties: a Vickers hardness of 20.3 GPa and a fracture toughness of ~8.9 MPam1/2. These properties were much higher than that by using the previous methods. The temperature condition obtained good mechanical properties in the experiment was about 1/3 lower than that using any other methods owing to the high pressure.
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37

Jin, Yong Zhong, Fa Ming Ye, Chun Hai Liu, and Rui Song Yang. "Synthesis of Ultrafine Cr3C2 Powders by Carbothermal Reduction of Precursors." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.310.

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Ultrafine Cr3C2 powders with globular-like particle of ~0.3-0.8 μm were synthesized by a new precursor method, namely carbothermal reduction of complex chromium oxide-carbon mixture, which was made initially from salt solution containing chromium and carbon elements by air drying and subsequent calcining at 400 °C for 1 h. Phase composition of reaction products was discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure of the calcined powders and final products was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the synthesizing temperature of Cr3C2 powders was reduced greatly by the new precursor method. Thus, the preparation of ultrafine Cr3C2 powders is at only 1000 °C for 2 h. The lowering of synthesizing temperature is mainly due to the homogeneous chemical composition of the complex oxide-carbon mixture. There is a coarsening tendency of Cr3C2 powders with the increase of reaction temperature and time.
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38

DU, JIN, JIANFENG ZHANG, JINKUN XIAO, and CHAO ZHANG. "SLURRY EROSION BEHAVIOR OF HVOF SPRAYED WC-12Co AND Cr3C2-25NiCr COATINGS DEPOSITED ON 16Cr5Ni STAINLESS STEEL." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 08 (February 4, 2020): 1950193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501932.

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Slurry erosion behaviors of HVOF WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings as well as 16Cr5Ni martensitic stainless steel were investigated in the present paper. Erosion experiments were carried out using slurry with different rotational speeds, particle size and concentration to evaluate their influences on the coatings. It was found that the rotational speed had the most significant influence on WC-12Co coating, whereas the erosion particle size was a more dominant factor for the Cr3C2-25NiCr coating. Nevertheless, the effect of concentration was most important in the case of 16Cr5Ni steel. It is demonstrated that cermet composite coatings could effectively enhance the resistance of slurry erosion, and the WC-12Co coating exhibits a minimum erosion rate compared with the steel and Cr3C2-25NiCr coating. 16Cr5Ni steel and WC-12Co coating showed ductile and brittle mechanisms, respectively, whereas Cr3C2-25NiCr exhibited multiple mechanisms of ductile and brittle, dominantly ductile.
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39

Chen, Shu Fa, Cheng Long Feng, Jin Yang, and Jin Song Chen. "A Study of Laser Cladding on the NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2 Coating." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.146.

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NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2 mixed powders were prepared on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel substrate to fabricate high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coating by laser cladding. The microstructure of the coating was examined by means of XRD, SEM and EDS. The high-temperature dry sliding friction and wear behavior of the composite coating were evaluated by using a ball-on-block wear tester at room temperature, 300 and 600 , respectively. The results showed that the composite coating had a unique microstructure consisting of γ-(Ni,Fe) solid solution matrix, Cr7C3/WC reinforcement and CrS/WS2 lubricant particles. The hardness of NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2 coating by laser cladding was lower than NiCr/Cr3C2 coating, but higher than stainless steel substrate significantly. It was because of the addition of solid lubricant. In the wear process, elevated temperature was helpful to form a lubricating transfer film. As a result, the NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2 coating exhibited a notable anti-friction and wear resistance at 300 and 600 .
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40

Kaur, Manpreet, Harpreet Singh, and Satya Prakash. "Some Observations Regarding Erosion-Corrosion Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co Coatings in Actual Boiler Environment." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.1345.

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Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co coatings were deposited on T22 boiler steel by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Technology. The coated as well as the uncoated steel samples were exposed to the actual boiler environments in a thermal power plant for 1500 hrs under cyclic conditions to evaluate their erosion-corrosion performance. Weight change measurements were taken for each sample after every 100 hrs. It has been observed that the weight change trends for coated steel with Cr3C2- NiCr and Cr3C2- NiCr-(25) WC-Co coatings followed a parabolic trend. The exposed samples were physically investigated for any macroscopic changes after each cycle of 100 hours. The uncoated steel showed blisters and spallation of its oxide scale, whereas the coated samples exhibited intact oxide scales, in general. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM/EDAX) was done to characterize morphology of the oxide scales. The protective nature of coatings has been explained based on the results of the study.
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41

Hosseinzadeh, Majid, Abdol Hamid Jafari, Rouhollah Mousavi, and Mojtaba Esmailzadeh. "Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni/Cr3C2-NiCr composite coating." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-02-2019-2079.

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Purpose In this study, electrochemical deposition method which have cheaper equipment than thermal spraying methods and is available for the production of composite coatings were used. Design/methodology/approach Composite coatings were electrodeposited from a Watts's bath solution in which the suspended Cr3C2-NiCr particles were dispersed in the bath solution during deposition. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques have been used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the composite coating in the 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution. Findings It was found that the submicron Cr3C2-NiCr particles distributed uniformly in the coating and depend on the current density of deposition, different amount of particles can be incorporated in the coating. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the Ni/ Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings is more comparable to the pure nickel coating. Originality/value Production of Ni-base composite coating from an electrolytic bath containing Cr3C2-NiCr particles is possible via electrodeposition.
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42

Lin, Hao-Tung, Jow-Lay Huang, Wen-Tse Lo, and Wen-Cheng J. Wei. "Investigation on Carbonizing Behaviors of Nanometer-sized Cr2O3 Particles Dispersed on Alumina Particles by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition in Fluidized Bed." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 2154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0268.

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Nanoscaled Cr2O3 powder with an average particle size of 20–40 nm, coated on alumina particles, has been produced by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a fluidized chamber, using the pyrolysis of Cr(CO)6 precursor. Amorphous and crystalline Cr2O3 particles were obtained when the temperatures of the pyrolysis were 300 and 400 °C, respectively. To prepare nanoscaled Cr3C2 powder from the nanometer-sized Cr2O3, carbonizing behavior of the Cr2O3 particles was investigated. It was found that, when amorphous Cr2O3 powders were carbonized in graphite furnace at 1150 °C for 2 h in vacuum (10−3 Torr), the powder was transformed into Cr3C2, while the crystalline Cr2O3 was transformed into a mixture of Cr7C3 and Cr3C2. The examinations by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the transformation of the nano-sized Cr3C2 powders. The results of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis indicated that the transformation temperature was ∼1089 °C for amorphous Cr2O3 and ∼1128 °C for crystalline Cr2O3.
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43

Yu, Hao, Wan Ni Li, Xian Quan Jiang, and Peng He Jiao. "Effect on the Microstructure and Properties of WC-10% Co Alloy Co-Doped with NbC and Cr3C2." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.58.

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In order to study the effect of co-doped with NbC /Cr3C2 on the properties of WC-10%Co alloy, the WC-10%Co alloys co-doped with different contents of NbC / Cr3C2 were produced with vacuum sintering furnace, and the microstructure and properties were also investigated by using different testing methods. The results showed that there existed a great improvement on the mechanical property of WC-10%Co alloy. With the co-doped 0.4% Cr3C2 / 0.3%NbC addition, the best strength properties that hardness was 1645 HV30 and transverse rupture strength was 1951 MPa were obtained when the sintering process was performed at 1400°C for 1.5 h.
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44

Huang, Chuan Bing, Ling Zhong Du, and Wei Gang Zhang. "Tribological Properties of Plasma Sprayed Self-Lubricating NiCr/Cr3C2-BN Composite Coatings." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.1245.

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In this study, two kinds of NiCr/Cr3C2-BN composite powders were prepared with individual cladding (FKBN) and low pressure spray granulation (YLBN) methods, and the derived NiCr/Cr3C2-BN coatings were fabricated by plasma spraying technology. The microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the two coatings were systematically investigated. Both NiCr/Cr3C2-BN coatings have relatively high adhesive strength and microhardness, but the porosity of YLBN coating is much lower than that of FKBN coating. With comparison to FKBN coating, YLBN coating showed lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance, which was attributed to the more compact microstructure and uniform distribution of BN in the coating.
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45

Shibe, Vineet, and Vikas Chawla. "Combating Wear of ASTM A36 Steel by Surface Modification Using Thermally Sprayed Cermet Coatings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3894145.

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Thermal spray coatings can be applied economically on machine parts to enhance their requisite surface properties like wear, corrosion, erosion resistance, and so forth. Detonation gun (D-Gun) thermal spray coatings can be applied on the surface of carbon steels to improve their wear resistance. In the present study, alloy powder cermet coatings WC-12% Co and Cr3C2-25% NiCr have been deposited on ASTM A36 steel with D-Gun thermal spray technique. Sliding wear behavior of uncoated ASTM A36 steel and D-Gun sprayed WC-12% Co and Cr3C2-25% NiCr coatings on base material is observed on a Pin-On-Disc Wear Tester. Sliding wear performance of WC-12% Co coating is found to be better than the Cr3C2-25% NiCr coating. Wear performance of both these cermet coatings is found to be better than uncoated ASTM A36 steel. Thermally sprayed WC-12% Co and Cr3C2-25% NiCr cermet coatings using D-Gun thermal spray technique is found to be very useful in improving the sliding wear resistance of ASTM A36 steel.
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46

Singh, Karanjit, Khushdeep Goyal, and Rakesh Goyal. "Hot corrosion behaviour of different Cr3C2–NiCr coatings on boiler tube steel at elevated temperature." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2019-0049.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate hot corrosion behaviour of different Cr3C2–NiCr coatings on boiler tube steel. Design/methodology/approach High velocity oxy fuel technique has been used to deposit different coatings on commercially available ASTM-SA213-T22 boiler tube steel. The hot corrosion studies have been performed in molten salt environment at 900°C temperature in silicon tube furnace in laboratory. Findings The results showed that uncoated superalloy suffered intense spalling and the weight change was massive during each cycle on studies of hot corrosion 900°C. The 100 per cent NiCr and 10 per cent (Cr3C2) – 90 per cent (NiCr) coatings provided better protection to T22 steel against the hot corrosion because of the formation of Ni and Cr3C2 layers. Originality/value In this research a variety of coatings have been used. This research work has been aimed to investigate the hot corrosion behavior of Boiler Steel b with different Cr3C2–NiCr coatings, under molten salt environment in Silicon tube furnace at 900°C, under cyclic conditions.
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47

Chandra Yadaw, Ramesh, Shailesh Kumar Singh, Somanth Chattopadhyaya, Sanjeev Kumar, and R. C. Singh. "Tribological behavior of thin film coating-a review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 4, 2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11788.

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An automotive industry sectors are facing major challenges to produce materials of high hardness, low wear rate and corrosive resistant due to international intrinsic norms. Scientist and researchers are developing new materials with different surface properties to come over the international intrinsic norms and hence, they are trying to enhance tribological behavior and increase the life of automotive parts, make the parts corrosive resistant. Therefore, it has become essential to explore the new combinations of coating materials. A tribome-chanical effect of hard metal (WC-12 % Co and Cr3C2-25 % NiCr) coating on the cast iron and steel substrate were compared. Micro hardness, porosity, microstructure, corrosion and economical factor were compared and concluded that the hardness of WC-12%Co & Cr3C2-25NiCr coated on mild steel substrate were comparatively superior but the Cr3C2-NiCr coated cast iron substrate was better over WC-12%Co because it was more economical and corrosive resistant and competitive wear characteristics and as the temperature and load are increased, the Cr3C2-NiCr shows excellent wear resistances.
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48

Van Vliet, A. H. M., Frans Jongejan, Mirinda Van Kleef, and B. A. M. Van Der Zeijst. "Clonage et caractérisation partielle du gène codant pour la protéine Cr32 de Cowdria ruminantium." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1993): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9354.

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Les Cowdria ont été purifiées par centrifugation en gradient de densité. L'ADN a été utilisé pour la construction de banques génomiques d'expression. La protéine immunodominante Cr32 a été purifiée et la séquence N-terminale d'acides aminés déterminée. Les banques génomiques d'expression ont été criblées avec des anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques de la protéine Cr32, mais aucun n'a réagi. Une partie du gène codant pour la Cr32 a ensuite été amplifiée utilisant des amorces provenant de la séquence N-terminale et d'une autre séquence d'acides aminés interne. La séquence amplifiée a servi de sonde pour détecter le fragment d'ADN génomique codant pour la protéine Cr32. Ce fragment, provenant du stock Sénégal de Cowdria ruminantium, a alors été cloné. Une partie du gène, représentant les deux tiers de la longueur totale, a été exprimée dans le vecteur pGEX2T. Le produit d'expression obtenu est reconnu par les anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques de la Cr32.
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49

Nguyen Van, Tuan, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Quy Le Thu, and Ha Pham Thi. "Influence of plasma spraying parameters on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Cr3C2-25NiCr cermet carbide coating." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2018-2003.

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Purpose In this work, Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings were deposited on 410 stainless steel substrate by using the atmospheric plasma spray technique, at varying spaying parameters. The porosity and microhardness, adhesion strength and corrosion behaviour of coatings were examined in relation to these spraying parameters. Design/methodology/approach The microstructure of prepared coatings was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. The coating compositional analysis was performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The corrosion resistance of coated steel was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. Results indicate that optimal factors for minimalizing the porosity were as follows: 10 g/min feed rate, 600 A plasma current and 100 mm spraying distance. The spraying factors influencing corrosion resistance of coating were also evaluated. Findings Under this optimal condition, the porosity of coating reached its minimal value of 3.1 per cent. The microhardness and adhesion of coatings also reached their maximum values of 64.8 Rockwell Hardness scale C and 60 MPa, respectively. XRD results indicated the transformation of Cr3C2 originating from Cr3C2-25NiCr source powder into Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 crystalline phases, due to the high temperature during spraying process. The undetectable Cr3C2 peaks indicating that this phase was remained in coating at very low concentrations. The potentiodynamic polarization and salt spray tests confirmed the highest corrosion resistance for the coating prepared by optimal spraying parameters. Originality/value The application of Cr3C2-NiCr cermet carbit coating for protection of steel from corrosion-erosion is very promising.
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50

Zhang, Chong Cai, Quan Wang, Qun Qun Yuan, and Long Wang. "Effect of VC/Cr3C2 Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-16TiC-XTaC-10Co Ultrafine Cemented Carbides." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1214.

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In this paper, the WC-16TiC-xTaC-10Co mixture mixed by WC 0.52μm, (W, Ti, Ta)C 2.9μm and Co1.36μm and prepared by high-energy ball milling, changed the VC and Cr3C2 adding amount. After ball milling for 60 hours, an average particle size of 220nm powder was prepared and it was cold isostatic pressed at 300MPa and vacuum sintered at 1410°C. The physical properties and the micrographs of samples were detected. The main conclusions are as follow: the coercivity and hardness increase and Cobalt magnetic decreases with the content of Cr3C2 increasing, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) does not vary. The VC and Cr3C2 inhibit the growth of WC grain, but can’t inhibite the (W, Ti, Ta)C grain growth effectively.
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