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Sousa, Valter Balegas de. "Key-CRDT stores." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7802.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Informática<br>The Internet has opened opportunities to create world scale services. These systems require highavailability and fault tolerance, while preserving low latency. Replication is a widely adopted technique to provide these properties. Different replication techniques have been proposed through the years, but to support these properties for world scale services it is necessary to trade consistency for availability, fault-tolerance and low latency. In weak consistency models, it is necessary to deal with possible conflicts arising from concurrent updates. We propose the use of conflict free replicated data types (CRDTs) to address this issue.
Cloud computing systems support world scale services, often relying on Key-Value stores for storing data. These systems partition and replicate data over multiple nodes, that can be geographically disperse over the network. For handling conflict, these systems either rely on solutions that lose updates (e.g. last-write-wins) or require application to handle concurrent updates. Additionally, these systems provide little support for transactions, a widely used abstraction for data access.
In this dissertation, we present the design and implementation of SwiftCloud, a Key-CRDT
store that extends a Key-Value store by incorporating CRDTs in the system’s data-model. The system provides automatic conflict resolution relying on properties of CRDTs. We also present a version of SwiftCloud that supports transactions. Unlike traditional transactional systems, transactions never abort due to write/write conflicts, as the system leverages CRDT properties to merge concurrent transactions. For implementing SwiftCloud, we have introduced a set of new techniques, including versioned CRDTs, composition of CRDTs and alternative serialization methods.
The evaluation of the system, with both micro-benchmarks and the TPC-W benchmark, shows that SwiftCloud imposes little overhead over a key-value store. Allowing clients to access a datacenter close to them with SwiftCloud, can reduce latency without requiring any complex reconciliation
mechanism. The experience of using SwiftCloud has shown that adapting an existing application to use SwiftCloud requires low effort.<br>Project PTDC/EIA-EIA/108963/2008
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Morgen, Scott Alexander. "Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA275268.
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Blömacher, Margit [Verfasser]. "Characterization of mammalian CRN5 and CRN2 / Margit Blömacher." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1052418589/34.
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Li, Di Kirby John R. "CrdA regulates endogenous beta-lactamase activity in Myxococcus xanthus." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/398.
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Li, Di. "CrdA regulates endogenous beta-lactamase activity in Myxococcus xanthus." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/398.
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Wada, Ryuichi. "A high-sensitivity CRDS instrument for detection of atmospheric radicals." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435461.
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Nakaema, Walter Morinobu. "Espectroscopia de cavidade ressonante tipo Ring-DOWN supercontinuum resolvida no tempo para detecção de multicomponentes gasosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-03112010-164529/.
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Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma variação da técnica de espectroscopia por cavidade ressonante tipo ring-down CRDS (do acrônimo em inglês Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy) para a obtenção simultânea do espectro de absorção de multicomponentes numa faixa espectral larga do visível. Esta nova técnica se resume no uso do espectro supercontinuum (resultante da irradiação de meios não lineares através de lasers de femtossegundo, ou simplesmente gerada por fontes compactas) como fonte de luz para iluminar a cavidade. Neste contexto são descritas as características dos módulos para a montagem de um MC-SC-CRDS (Multicomponent Supercontinuum Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy): os pares de espelhos altamente refletivos, a cavidade ressonante e o sistema de detecção. Alguns problemas relacionados à excitação de multimodos, à luz difusa, ao uso efetivo do intervalo dinâmico de detecção, à baixa resolução do instrumento em resolver linhas estreitas de absorção são situados. Apresentamos os espectros de absorção de H2O (políades 4nu, 4nu + delta ) e O2 (transições proibidas de spin b-X) simultaneamente medidos por essa técnica na faixa do visível, e uma comparação com as linhas de absorção baseadas do banco de dados HITRAN é feita para demonstrar a funcionalidade deste método.<br>In this work, we present a variation of the technique CRDS (Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy) to obtain simultaneously a multicomponent absorption spectrum in a broad visible range. This new approach uses the Supercontinuum (SC) spectrum (resulting from irradiation of nonlinear media by femtosecond lasers, or simply generated by compact sources) as a light source to illuminate the cavity. In this context it is described the features of the modules assembling a MC-SC-CRDS (Multicomponent Supercontinuum Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy): a set of high refletivity mirrors, the resonant cavity and the detection system. Some problems related to the multimode excitation, stray light, effective use of the dynamic range of the detector, the poor resolution of the instrument to resolve narrow absorption lines are issued. We present the absorption spectra of H2O (polyads 4nu, 4nu + delta ) and O2 (spin-forbidden b-X branch) measured simultaneously by this technique in the visible range and a comparison with the absorption lines based on HITRAN database is made to demonstrate the functionality of this method.
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Abdul, Wahab Aliaa. "Characterization of purified extracellular lipase fractions from Pseudomonas fragi CRDA 037." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0032/MQ50703.pdf.
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Fournier, Julie. "Évaluation formative de l'implantation du processus clinique au CRDI de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26745/26745.pdf.
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Lwiza, Daudi Rutatinisibwa. "Market-orientation of Tanzanian banking institutions : a case of CRDB Bank." Thesis, University of East London, 2002. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1239/.
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The thrust of this research is the "MARKET-ORIENTATION OF TANZANIAN BANKING INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF CRDB BANK". Being the first of its kind within the context of the study, it is largely an exploratory study on the marketorientation (MO) with twin purposes of: (a) examining the extent of MO in CRDB Bank as perceived by employees and (b) exploring the development and implementation of MO culture in the bank, with a special focus on the facilitating and hindering factors. Emanating from these purposes are four main objectives of the research that underpinned the research namely (1) to explore the existing marketing philosophies in the bank, (2) to measure the employees perceived level of MO and its constituent dimensions, including the development of the MO scale that is suitable to a banking institution, (3) to explore whether the perception of the level of MO differs according to the following attributes (a) hierarchical levels of the organisation (top, middle and lower management and between head office and branches offices of the bank), (b) employee-specific(personal) attributes(c) size of branches ( large, medium and small), (d) location of branches ( between those in competitive areas and in least competitive areas) and (e) profitability performance ( between above-median and below-median performing branches), and (4) to explore the facilitating and hindering factors for the development and implementation of MO in CRDB Bank and Tanzanian financial sector in general. The main methodology used in this research is a case study. This enabled us to use method triangulation, whereby both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Principally, we applied the following research tools/techniques in data gathering: interviews, documentary analysis, survey questionnaire and personal observation. The field research involved two phases. The first was a pilot study that entailed conducting discovery-oriented interviews with 9 bankers in six banks. The second phase was conducting the substantive research in CRDB Bank. The findings of the study are fascinating and may have far- reaching implications both in terms of theory and practice. From a themantic dimension, we successfully reconceptualised MO, by developing a scale for measuring the extended MO. We clarified this as the Simultaneous Market orientation, SMO, which composes five key dimensions: external customer-orientation, competitor-orientation, interfunctional orientation, internal 111 customer-orientation and profit-orientation. The scale was tested and validated for its psychometric properties. In other words, the SMO scale was found, reliable and valid, implying that the five components fully represented the SMO. External customerorientation and profit-orientation were ranked as first and second most important dimension of SMO in the bank. Competitor-orientation, interfunctional co-ordination and internal customer-orientation were ranked third, fourth and fifth, respectively. From the practice perspective, our findings indicates that marketing-orientation and salesorientation are the dominant marketing philosophies, while production-orientation and societal marketing-orientation are the less marketing philosophies. This in practice indicates a co-existence of different marketing philosophies in the organisation contrary to the main stream literature exhortations. Also, the research revealed an integration perspective of employees on SMO culture. Essentially, this has established the importance of internal customer-orientation in influencing or leading to employees' participation, morale, training, job satisfaction and retention as a critical determinants of successful SMO implementation. Furthermore, we have identified the main facilitative and hindering factors for the development and implementation of MO in the specific context of CRDB bank and the Tanzanian financial sector in general. These antecedent factors have a profound effect on MO implementation. In general, our findings have set a solid base and raised issues that are likely to chart the future direction of MO situation not only in Tanzania, but also in other African countries that are undergoing market-driven transformation of their economies. The main public policy implication of this study is that there is a need to strengthen the macroenvironment and to mount public education in order to foster MO behaviour and practice. Similarly, at the management level, there is a need for effective and adequate management leadership and support for adoption and implementation of MO culture and the need for sustained or continuous changes given the emergent internal and external environment. The essential role of informed "change agents" in fostering MO could not be discounted.
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Shenolikar, Justin [Verfasser]. "Nighttime Radical NOx Chemistry by CRD / Justin Shenolikar." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225795990/34.
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Köhler, Markus. "Systematische Brennstoffuntersuchungen mittels quasi-simultaner CRD- und LIF-Spektroskopie." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992684692/04.
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Reichert, Lars. "CRDS-Messungen zur Charakterisierung einer Standard-Parametrisierung von schwachen Wasserdampflinien für atmosphärische Fernerkundungsmethoden." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982457448.
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Renon, Felipe Joffre Romano. "CRD : um co-processador reconfiguravel dinamicamente para a melhoria de desempenho." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276443.
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Orientador : Paulo Cesar Centoducatte<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Renon_FelipeJoffreRomano_M.pdf: 5459463 bytes, checksum: a8a3d684c4df661c894269952c6c26a6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: O desempenho de sistemas computacionais tem sido um requisito recorrente para um grande número de aplicações. Porém, nem sempre as soluções tradicionais para se melhorar o desempenho como por exemplo: o aumento na freqüência de operação dos processadores, a utilização de processamento paralelo etc, podem ser viáveis técnica ou economicamente, principalmente em se tratando de um sistema dedicado. Uma alternativa para a melhoria de desempenho em tais sistemas é a identificação dos trechos da aplicação que são executados de forma pouco eficientes por software e implementá-los diretamente em hardware. Os candidatos naturais para esta abordagem são os laços interiores, que normalmente são pequenos e responsáveis por grande parte do tempo de execução e, que quando implementados em hardware, não fazem uso de uma grande área de silício. Neste trabalho propomos um co-processador reconfigurável, mapeado em memória, denominado Co-processador Reconfigurável Dinamicamente (CRD), capaz de executar trechos de códigos pouco eficientes em software, tais como laços internos (kernels), diretamente em hardware. Com o intuito de reduzir a área ocupada pelo co-processador, diminuindo desta forma o custo do sistema, o CRD é dotado de uma unidade de reprogramação, que permite reutilizar os recursos disponíveis para implementar diferentes trechos de programa em hardware em uma mesma instância de execução.
Os trechos de programas escolhidos para serem executados diretamente em hardware (no CRD) são aqueles responsáveis pela maior parte do tempo de execução do programa como um todo. O uso desta técnica mostrou um ganho total, no tempo de execução dos programas do benchmark DSPStone de até 20 vezes<br>Abstract: Performance has beem a current requirement for a great number of applications. However, in some cases, the traditional solutions to improve performance, like: increase frequency of processor's operation, parallel processing etc, can be applied, or to be viable economically, when the improvement object is a embedded system. An alternative solution that can be adopted is to identify the blocks in source code inefficient when implemented in software and to implement them in the hardware directly. Natural candidates are the inner loops, thats normally are small and responsible for great parte of the execution time and that implemented in the hardware doesn't use great silicon area. In this work we propose a reconfigurable coprocessor system mapped in memory called CRD, capable to execute inefficient codes in software, such as internal loops (kernels), directly in the hardware. With intention to reduce the filled area for the ASIC, reducing by this way the price of the system, it has a reprogrammable unit inside of this, destined to fill the lack of memory that is not being more used for a hardware instruction, for other that it will be used in the future.
The parts of chosen programs to be executed in the hardware are those responsible ones mostly of the time of program execution. The use of this technique shows a total speedup of up to 20 times, in the execution time of the DSPstone benchmark programs<br>Mestrado<br>Engenharia de Computação<br>Mestre em Computação
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Pennelegion, Christopher. "The use of CRD-Fc fusion protein to enhance pathogen killing." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669196.
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Irvin, William D. "Evaluating interdisciplinary extension CRD programming: a case study of commercial vegetable cooperatives." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77802.
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Extension programming for commercial vegetable cooperatives should be designed to utilize community resource development (CRD) group problem-solving, interdisciplinary educational programming, and an Agricultural Cooperative Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture model for establishing a cooperative. Case study data from three commercial vegetable cooperatives suggest that such programming will increase a cooperative's ability to maximize driving forces and to minimize restraining forces associated with personality and environmental factors operating within the organizational outcome categories of membership commitment, production, administration, management, marketing, and net worth. Both qualitative and quantitative data are used to support the results of the study.<br>Ed. D.
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Frigerio, Mark. "Synthetic studies on novel bryostatin analogues and their interaction with the CRD2 of protein kinase C." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446848/.
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A fully stereocontrolled asymmetric synthesis of the Southern Hemisphere intermediate 426 for the bryostatin family of antitumour agents is described in this thesis. It details how the strategy evolved from (E)-1,4-hexadiene 450 including a Roush-Masamune coupling between 462 and 507, cyclisation to glycal 505, selective epoxidation and in-situ Fischer glycosidation to 503 and an aldol / dehydration sequence to establish the (E)-exocyclic olefin. We also document a rare example of slow bond rotation in the C(18)- C(19)-bond of 426 and provide an explanation of this phenomenon. In addition, the synthesis of two truncated bryostatin analogs 525 and 526 is described, and the interaction of 525 with the CRD2 of human PKC-α discussed.
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Leshchishina, Olga. "Etude expérimentale et théorique su spectre d'absorption de la vapeur d'eau vers 800nm et de la bande a¹ÎgøX³Ôgñ de l'oxygène vers 1.27 micron par spectroscopie d'absorption à très haute sensibilité." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY029/document.
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The present thesis is devoted to two major atmospheric species – water and oxygen. The absorption spectrum of the 1Delta band of six oxygen isotopologues near was recorded by very high sensitivity CW-CRDS at room temperature and at 80 K. The magnetic dipole-allowed (0-0) band is observed for 16O2, 16O18O, 16O17O, 17O18O, 18O2 and 17O2. The first laboratory detection of extremely weak quadrupole transitions in the (0-0) band of 18O2, 16O17O, 17O2 is reported together with the (1-1) hot band of 16O2, 18O2, 16O17O and 17O2. The partly resolved hyperfine structure of the 16O17O, 17O18O, 17O2 transitions is analysed. These measurements combined with microwave and Raman data available in the literature led to the determination of the best to date spectroscopic constants for the six oxygen isotopologues, including the 17O hyperfine coupling parameters for the 1Delta state. The high resolution absorption spectra of water isotopologues (D216O, HD16O and H218O) were recorded by ICLAS and FTS in the 8800–14100 cm-1 region. The spectrum analysis based on high accuracy variational calculations provided a considerable amount of new energy levels for each of the isotopologues under consideration. The experimental energy levels derived in this study and available in the literature allowed calculating the line positions at the level of experimental accuracy in the 6100–15200 cm-1 region that extends much further the range of the present recordings<br>Cette thèse est consacrée à deux espèces atmosphériques majeures: la vapeur d'eau et l'oxygène. Le spectre d'absorption de la bande 1Delta des six isotopologues de l'oxygène vers 1.27 micron a été enregistré à température ambiante et à 80 K par la technique CW-CRDS de très haute sensibilité. La bande (0-0) permise par le dipôle magnétique est observée pour les espèces 16O2, 16O18O, 16O17O, 17O18O, 18O2 et 17O2. La sensibilité expérimentale atteinte a permis de détecter pour la première fois au laboratoire (i) des transitions quadrupolaires électriques extrêmement faibles dans la bande (0-0) de 18O2, 16O17O et 17O2, (ii) la bande chaude (1-1) de 16O2, 18O2, 16O17O et 17O2 (iii) la structure hyperfine des transitions de 16O17O, 17O18O et 17O2. Ces mesures combinées avec des données micro-ondes et Raman disponibles dans la littérature ont permis de déterminer les meilleures constantes spectroscopiques à ce jour, y compris les paramètres de couplage hyperfin de 17O pour l'état 1Delta des six isotopologues de l'oxygène. Les spectres d'absorption à très haute résolution des isotopologues D216O, HD16O et H218O de la vapeur d'eau ont été enregistrés par ICLAS et FTS entre 8800 et 14100 cm-1. L'analyse du spectre basée sur les calculs variationnels de haute précision a fourni une quantité importante de nouveaux niveaux d'énergie pour chacun des isotopologues considérés. Les niveaux d'énergie expérimentaux obtenus dans cette étude et disponibles dans la littérature ont permis de calculer des positions de raies au niveau de la précision expérimentale dans la gamme 6100-15200 cm-1 qui s'étend bien au-delà de la gamme des enregistrements présents
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Ibrahim, Nofal. "Spectroscopie infrarouge à haute résolution par lasers accordables : applications à l'étude de composés d'intérêt atmosphérique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112259.
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La spectroscopie infrarouge à haute résolution est un outil très puissant pour mesurer les concentrations d’un grand nombre de gaz traces atmosphériques et pour caractériser les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces espèces. L’utilisation de lasers accordables permet de balayer de petits intervalles spectraux avec une très haute résolution spectrale et un rapport signal/bruit très élevé. Ainsi, la détermination expérimentale des paramètres de raies par spectroscopie laser complète les informations obtenues par la spectroscopie à transformée de Fourier. Nous avons travaillé dans cette thèse sur la conception et la réalisation de plusieurs spectromètres basés sur des diodes-laser accordables et les applications de ces instruments pour la spectroscopie quantitative d’espèces d’intérêt atmosphérique. Nous avons réalisé quatre études différentes : Une étude pour mesurer les paramètres spectroscopiques (intensités, coefficients d’élargissement) de H2O dans l’infrarouge proche (au voisinage de 820 nm) en utilisant une diode laser à cavité externe (ECDL) et la technique de spectroscopie directe. Une étude d’intercomparaison des coefficients d’absorption de l’ozone entre deux régions spectrales : l’ultraviolet (270-290 nm) et l’infrarouge moyen (à 10 micron). Étude des paramètres spectroscopiques (positions, intensités, et coefficients d’élargissement) et limite de détection de NH3 simultanément par deux techniques différentes (spectroscopie d’absorption directe et spectroscopie photoacoustique) au voisinage de 1550 nm. La première mesure des coefficients d’élargissement par l’air de HO2 par la technique CRDS au voisinage de 1550 nm<br>High resolution infrared laser spectroscopy is a powerful technique for measuring a wide variety of atmospheric trace gases and for characterizing and quantifying of their physico-chemical properties. The use of tunable lasers provides the opportunity to scan over small spectral intervals with a very high spectral resolution and very high signal to noise ratio. The experimental determination of spectroscopic parameters using laser spectroscopy completes other techniques like Fourier transform spectroscopy. This work describes the development of three diode-laser spectrometers and the use of another two laser spectrometers tunable in the near- and mid-infrared regions for the measurement of atmospheric species. We have carried out four different studies: Measurements of H2O lines strengths, self- and air-broadenings coefficients in the 820 nm spectral region using an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) and a long-path absorption cell. Intercomparaison of the ozone absorption coefficients in the mid-infrared (10 micron) and ultraviolet (270-290 nm) spectral regions. Study of direct absorption and photoacoustic spectroscopy of NH3 in the 1550 nm region. The first measurement of the air-broadening coefficients of the HO2 radical using CRDS in the region around 1550 nm
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Chartier, Gabriel. "L'approche du CRDI touchant la dimension culturelle du développement, le cas de deux projets réalisés en Équateur." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ43798.pdf.
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Clasp, Trocia. "The theoretical study of torsion-vibrational dynamics in methanol and the improvement of CW-CRDS experimental apparatus." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1195512567.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007.<br>"December, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 03/19/2008). Advisor, David S. Perry; Committee members, Edward C. Lim, David Modarelli, Jutta Luettmer-Strathmann, Steven S. Chuang; Department Chair, Kim C. Calvo; Dean of the College, Ronald Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Zimbardi, Ana Lucia Ribeiro Latorre. "Clonagem, expressão, purificação e estudos estruturais dos domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRDs) da galectina-4 humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60136/tde-30092010-141304/.
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A família das galectinas compreende um grupo de lectinas cujos domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRDs) possuem afinidade específica para ß-galactosídeos. Estas se encontram amplamente distribuídas em células normais e neoplásicas de diferentes organismos e estão envolvidas em uma grande diversidade de mecanismos celulares. As galectinas têm sido foco de estudos recentes, principalmente pelo seu envolvimento em processos inflamatórios e neoplásicos, entretanto, muitas perguntas sobre as interações com diferentes carboidratos, a especificidade destas interações e o papel específico das galectinas em inflamação, adesão celular, progressão tumoral e metástase permanecem ainda sem resposta. O presente projeto focou os estudos estruturais dos domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRDs) da galectina-4 humana (HGal-4). Nosso trabalho envolveu a clonagem, expressão, purificação dos domínios de reconhecimento de carboidratos (CRD-I e CRD-II) de forma independente. O domínio CRD-I da HGal-4 foi cristalizado e sua estrutura determinada por técnicas de cristalografia de raios-X a 2 Å de resolução. A estrutura cristalográfica do domínio CRD-I da galectina-4 humana possue duas folhas- compostas de seis fitas (S1- S6) e cinco fitas (F1-F6) enoveladas na forma de um -sanduiche. Uma comparação estrutural entre membros da classe das galectinas mostra que este enovelamento global dos CRDs é conservado e que e a diferença em especificidade pelos carboidratos observado pelas diferentes galectinas é consequência de mutações pontuais de aminoácidos. Os resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento do presente projeto serão utilizados como uma ferramenta importante para o entendimento de processos celulares que envolvem a galectina-4 humana, como inflamação, progressão celular e metástase, e conseqüentemente, contribuir para o planejamento de novas estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento de neoplasias.<br>The galectin family comprises a group of lectins where the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) display specific affinity for ß-galactosides. They are widely distributed in normal and neoplasic cells of different organisms and are involved in a great diversity of cellular mechanisms. The galectins have been focus of recent studies, mainly for their involvement in inflammatory and neoplasic processes, however, many questions about the interactions with different carbohydrates, the specificity of these interactions and the specific role of the galectins in inflammation, cell adhesion, tumor progression and metastasis remain unanswered.The present project focused the strctural studies of human galectin-4 (HGal-4) carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Our work involved the independent cloning, heterologous expression and purification of both carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD-I and CRD-II). The HGal-4 CRD-I domain has been successfully crystallized and its structure solved by X-ray crystallography techniques at 2 Å resolution. The crystallographic structure of HGal-4 CRD-I domain comprises two -sheets containing six (S1- S6) and five strands (F1-F6) each packed as a -sandwich domain. A structural comparison among members of galectin class of proteins shows that this folding is highly conserved and that the difference in specificity for carbohydrate molecules is consequence of punctual aminoacid mutations. Our results will be used as an important tool towards a better understanding of cellular processes such as inflammation, cell progression and metastasis, and consequently, contribute for the development of new strategies for diagnosis and treatment of neoplasies.
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Clasp, Trocia N. "THE THEORETICAL STUDY OF TORSION –VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS IN METHANOL AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF CW-CRDS EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1195512567.
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Marknell, DeWitt Åsa. "Use of Recombinant Allergens for Component-Resolved Diagnostics (CRD) in IgE-Mediated Allergy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7813.
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<p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy occurs when our immune system causes a reaction to otherwise harmless substances (allergens). Allergens are predominantly proteins present in biological materials such as pollens, mites, animal epithelia, moulds and foods. </p><p><i>In vitro</i> tests for specific IgE antibodies usually employ an allergen source extract as an antibody capturing reagent. The proportion of allergenic molecules in these biochemically complex extracts may vary.</p><p>Recombinant allergens may be obtained in large quantities with biotechnological techniques. These proteins can be characterized biochemically and immunologically, resulting in tests with minimal batch-to-batch variation. This thesis describes different uses of recombinant allergens in component-resolved diagnostics (CRD).</p><p>In CRD, single allergenic proteins are used to establish a sensitization profile of the patient. Two timothy grass (<i>Phleum pratense</i>) pollen allergens, Phl p 11 and Phl p 4, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. They were subsequently characterized and can, for example, be used in a panel for grass pollen CRD.</p><p>Single allergens may be useful as diagnostic markers for allergic sensitization. This phenomenon was studied using tropomyosin, a major allergen from the shrimp <i>Penaeus aztecus</i> (Pen a 1). The characteristics of the recombinant and natural proteins were compared. The recombinant tropomyosin was then extensively tested using specific competition for IgE binding against extracts of other crustacean species, house dust mite and cockroach.</p><p>In cases when an important allergen is missing or underrepresented in a natural extract, the corresponding recombinant allergen may be added to the extract as a spiking reagent. Previous studies have shown that latex extracts for diagnostic testing may lack the allergen Hev b 5. Recombinant Hev b 5 was expressed from a synthetic gene construct, incorporating several adaptations to enable efficient large scale production of the recombinant protein, to be used as a spiking reagent.</p>
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Marknell, DeWitt Åsa. "Use of recombinant allergens for component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in IgE-mediated allergy /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7813.
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Rasool, Aina. "Corporate Governance enligt CRD IV : Reglering av styrelsens allmänna duglighet, sammansättning och mångfald." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228668.
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Burkart, Johannes. "Optical feedback frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy - Highly coherent near-infrared laser sources and metrological applications in molecular absorption spectroscopy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY045/document.
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La spectroscopie d'absorption moléculaire est un outil incontournable non seulement pour la physique fondamentale et la métrolgie mais aussi pour des domaines aussi divers que les sciences environnementales, la planétologie ou l'astrophysique. Ces dernières années, des techniques spectroscopiques qui exploitent l'amplification résonnante d'interaction entre lumière laser et molécules dans une cavité optique ont fourni des détectivités exceptionnelles sur l'axe d'absorption, tandis que l'axe de fréquence des spectromètres n'atteignait généralement pas le même niveau de précision.Dans cette thèse, nous avons répondu à ce défi en développant la spectroscopie en cavité par temps de déclin stabilisée en fréquence par rétroaction optique (OFFS-CRDS en anglais). Cette nouvelle technique présente une combinaison unique de stabilité et résolution fréquentielles sub-kHz, d'un niveau d'intensité lumineuse intra-cavité de l'ordre du kW/cm^2, d'une detectivite de 2 x 10^(−13) cm^(−1)Hz^(-1/2) limitée par le bruit de photons, et d'une limite de détection de 8.4 x 10^(−14) cm^(−1) sur une plage spectrale étroite. Ces performances inédites sont dues à l'asservissement de la cavité spectroscopique à un laser balayé en fréquence par modulation à bande latérale unique et stabilisé par rétroaction optique avec une cavité en V de réference ultrastable. Pour transférer la cohérence de ce laser sub-kHz à des lasers plus bruiteux dans d'autres gammes spectrales à travers un peigne de fréquence optique, nous avons exploré une nouvelle méthode de clonage de phase par une correction anticipative à large bande passante et démontré une erreur résiduelle de phase de 113 mrad. En appliquant l'OFFS-CRDS à la spectroscopie du CO2 à 1.6 μm, nous avons obtenu un spectre large bande avec une dynamique de 8 x 10^5, et nous avons déterminé douze fréquences de transition absolues avec une exactitude de l'ordre du kHz en mesurant des Lamb dips sub-Doppler en absorption saturée avec un dispositif équipé d'un peigne de fréquence. Par ailleurs, nous avons procédé à une analyse détaillée des sources d'erreurs systematiques en CRDS et nous avons déduit une formule analytique pour le déclin de cavité non-exponentiel dans un régime faiblement saturé qui est susceptible de contribuer à de futures mesures de moments de transition dipolaire indépendantes de la concentration. Nos résultats ouvrent des perspectives prometteuses pour des applications métrologiques de l'OFFS-CRDS, comme par exemple l'étude de profils de raie poussés, la mesures de rapports isotopiques et la spectroscopie d'absorption saturée extensive dans le proche infrarouge<br>High-precision molecular absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool for fundamental physics and metrology, as well as for a broad range of applications in fields such as environmental sciences, planetology and astrophysics. In recent years, spectroscopic techniques based on the enhanced interaction of laser light with molecular samples in high-finesse optical cavities have provided outstanding detection sensitivities on the absorption axis, while the spectrometer frequency axis rarely met as high precision standards.In this thesis, we addressed this challenge by the development of Optical Feedback Frequency-Stabilized Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (OFFS-CRDS). This novel technique features a unique combination of sub-kHz frequency resolution and stability, kW/cm^2-level intracavity light intensity, a shot-noise limited absorption detectivity down to 2 x 10^(−13) cm^(−1)Hz^(-1/2), as well as a detection limit of 8.4 x 10^(−14) cm^(−1) on a narrow spectral interval. This unprecedented performance is based on the tight Pound-Drever-Hall lock of the ring-down cavity to a single-sideband-tuned distributed-feedback diode laser which is optical-feedback-stabilized to a highly stable V-shaped reference cavity. To transfer the coherence of this sub-kHz laser source to noisier lasers in other spectral regions through an optical frequency comb, we have explored a novel high-bandwidth feed-forward phase cloning scheme and demonstrated a residual phase error as low as 113 mrad. Applying OFFS-CRDS to the spectroscopy of CO_2 near 1.6 μm, we obtained a broadband spectrum with a dynamic range of 8 x 10^5 and retrieved twelve absolute transition frequencies with kHz-accuracy by measuring sub-Doppler saturated absorption Lamb dips with a comb-assisted setup. Furthermore, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of systematic error sources in CRDS and derived an analytic formula for the non-exponential ring-down signal in a weakly saturated regime, which may contribute towards future concentration-independent transition dipole moment measurements. Our results open up promising perspectives for metrological applications of OFFS-CRDS, such as advanced absorption lineshape studies, isotopic ratio measurements and extensive saturated absorption spectroscopy in the near infrared
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Walker, Nicholas David Leyland. "The role of the nano-environmental interface in ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticle ecotoxicology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3734.
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An increase in nanotechnology has seen an associated rise in nanoparticles released into the environment. Their potential toxicity and exposure to humans and the environment, the field of nanoecotoxicology, is not yet well understood. The interactions at the nanoparticle surface will play a fundamental role in the nanoparticle behaviour once released into the environment. This study aims to characterise the particle surface interaction, determining key parameters influential in the nanoparticle fate. Evanescent Wave Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy techniques have been applied to study molecular interactions at the silica-water charged interface. The adsorption of the electronic spectrum of Crystal Violet has demonstrated the formation of a monolayer with different binding site orientation at the interface. The binding affinity for the chromophore was calculated as 29.15 ± 0.02 kJmol-1 at pH 9 and this was compared with other interface structures involving both inorganic and organic components. The study of the model interface was extended to the properties of CeO2 nanoparticles, where the surface charge density was determined to be 1.6 ± 0.3 e- nm-2.The nanoparticle surface charge controls the suspension stability which was measured for CeO2 nanoparticles giving a stability half-life of 330 ± 60 hours in pure water, and 3.6 ± 0.6 hours in ISOFish water. Studies were extended to the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. An assay was developed to quantify the photo-electron production for nanoparticles exposed to UV light both in deionised water and soil suspensions with a photo-radical production yield of 19 ± 2 % and an electron production of 709 e-s-1np-1 for a 100 mgL-1 suspension. The species-specific photo-radical assay was subsequently used to determine the rate of ZnO nanoparticle dissolution in water and soil suspensions. Comparable dissolution rates in complex cell growth media were also measured, detecting total zinc by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, with comparable dissolution rates derived.
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Buckland, Gemma Lavinia. "The characterisation of DHHC-CRD family members as protein S-acyltransferases (PATs) for Lck." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498005.
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Crunaire, Sabine Fittschen Christa. "Développement d'un spectromètre cw-CRDS et son application à l'étude de mécanismes de réaction en chambre de simulation atmosphérique." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/237.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Structure et dynamique des systèmes réactifs : Lille 1 : 2005.<br>N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3718. Publications en anglais reproduites en annexe. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 187-205.
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Mercier, Xavier. "Mesure de concentrations absolues d'espèces réactives minoritaires dans les flammes par la technique d'absorption Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS)." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10154.
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Les processus de combustion, qui representent aujourd'hui notre principal source d'energie, suscitent encore de nombreuses interrogations. Cela tient essentiellement a la complexite des mecanismes chimiques mis en jeu ainsi qu'a la difficulte inherente a l'etude d'un milieu qui est le sein de plusieurs milliers de reactions simultanees. Or, meme si des modeles performants permettent la simulation de systemes chimiques complexes, ils ne peuvent predire n'importe quels processus de combustion et l'approche experimentale de ceux-ci reste essentielle pour l'amelioration des modeles existant. En particulier, la mesure quantitative d'especes minoritaires dans les flammes constitue une etape fondamentale dans la validation des mecanismes chimiques a haute temperature. C'est dans cette optique que nous avons developpe une nouvelle technique pour l'etude de flamme, le cavity ring-down spectroscopy (crds). Cette technique, qui s'apparente a une methode d'absorption de tres haute sensibilite et dont le principe est base sur la mesure du temps de vie d'une impulsion laser injectee dans une cavite optique dans laquelle se trouve un echantillon absorbant, est apparue a la fin des annees 80 (o'keefe et deacon 1988) dans le cadre d'une etude spectroscopique<br>Dans ce memoire, nous montrons l'interet et les potentialites du crds pour l'etude de flammes homogenes. Pour ce faire, nous explicitons dans le detail le principe du crds et les precautions a prendre pour la mesure de concentrations absolues. Par ailleurs, une comparaison des profils de concentration absolue obtenus par crds (de cn et ch notamment) dans une flamme de ch 4/o 2 dopee en no, avec ceux issus de la modelisation au moyen du logiciel premix est egalement presentee. Le tres bon accord de cette comparaison montre que le crds, de part sa haute sensibilite et son caractere quantitatif direct, se revele etre une methode des plus efficaces pour la mesure de concentrations absolues d'especes dans des flammes homogenes
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Crunaire, Sabine. "Développement d'un spectromètre cw-CRDS et son application à l'étude de mécanismes de réaction en chambre de simulation atmosphérique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Crunaire.pdf.
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Les Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) émis dans l'atmosphère par des sources anthropiques ou naturelles, peuvent subir des transformations photochimiques qui conduisent à la formation d'ozone ou d'autres composés photo-oxydants. Pour évaluer de façon précise l'impact sanitaire et environnemental de ces composés primaires et secondaires, il est nécessaire de déterminer leurs mécanismes d'oxydation par les principaux oxydants de la troposphère (radicaux hydroxyles, nitrates ou ozone). Pour établir les mécanismes de dégradation et évaluer les rendements des produits de réaction impliquant certains COV et les radicaux hydroxyles (OH), une chambre de simulation atmosphérique souple a été construite à l'Ecole des Mines de Douai. Les techniques de détection couplées à ce réacteur photochimique afin de caractériser et de quantifier les réactifs et les produits en phase gazeuse, sont : - la Chromatographie en Phase Gazeuse (CPG) couplée à un spectromètre InfraRouge à Transformée de Fourier (IRTF) ; - la spectroscopie par mesure du temps de déclin d'une cavité optique ou encore spectroscopie cw-CRDS (continuous-wave - Cavity RingDown Spectroscopy) fonctionnant dans le domaine du proche infrarouge (autour de 1500 nm) au moyen d'une diode laser fibrée (type "diode télécom"). Cette dernière technique a été mise en place au cours de ce travail au laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules de l'Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille (USTL)<br>Les tests de validation et de caractérisation efféctués ont démontré une grande sensibilité, une vitesse d'acquisition élevée et des limites de détection basses pour des composés tels que l'acétylène ou le dioxyde de carbone, ou encore des composés isotopiques (RDO, H2180, etc. ). Les premières expériences menées en chambre de simulation atmosphérique au moyen de ce couplage analytique innovant, ont été dédiées à la détermination de la distribution des produits de la réaction entre les radicaux OH et l'acide acétique, CH3C(O)OH. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, la détermination du rapport de branchement de la voie d'arrachement de l'atome d'hydrogène du groupement carboxylique a fait l'objet d'une première détermination à température ambiante et à pression atmosphérique, en détectant le CO2 formé au cours de la réaction. De plus, la caractérisation des produits stables formés par le second chemin réactionnel a fait l'objet d'une investigation par analyse en chromatographie ionique. Enfin, pour une meilleure compréhension de ce mécanisme d'oxydation, des expériences complémentaires utilisant un isotopomère de l'acide acétique: CH3C(O)OD ont été menées
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Aarnio, Klaus. "Rules and discretion in CRD IV, BRRD and MiFID 2 : a challenge to competent authorities?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-124453.
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Bradsher, John N. "Interaction in T lymphocytes between the cytokine inducible CR5 protein and elongin B and C /." Access full-text from WCMC, 1999. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=733095111&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jain, Chaithanya D. "Laser photolysis coupled to detection by LIF and cw-CRDS : application to spectroscopic and kinetic studies of OH, HO2 and HONO." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10033/document.
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Les radicaux OH et HO2 jouent un rôle essentiel dans beaucoup de processus d'oxydation dans l'atmosphère. La dégradation d’espèces chimiques dans les conditions troposphériques est généralement initiée par la réaction avec les radicaux OH, suivie par la réaction avec l'oxygène. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, deux techniques optiques de détection d’OH et HO2 ont été appliquée à des études cinétiques et spectroscopiques. Pour cela, nous utilisons un système expérimental de photolyse laser couplée à des techniques de détection par continuous wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS, pour HO2) et Fluorescence Induite par Laser (FIL, pour OH). Ce couplage permet de mesurer les cinétiques des radicaux OH et HO2 simultanément, résolues dans le temps pour l’étude des mécanismes réactionnels. Différents systèmes chimiques ont été étudiés en utilisant ce dispositif expérimental: 1) les cinétiques de la réaction d'OH avec CH3OH et CD3OD, 2) le rendement de HO2 dans l’oxydation de SO2 initiée par OH et 3) la formation des radicaux HO2 par photoexcitation (à 248 nm) de différents hydrocarbures aromatiques (benzène, toluène, xylene et triméthyl benzène) en présence d’oxygène. Des applications spectroscopiques de la cw-CRDS pour mesurer les sections efficaces de H2O2, HONO, HO2 et DO2 dans le proche Infrarouge ont également été réalisées<br>OH and HO2 radicals play a vital role in many oxidation processes in the atmosphere. The degradation of volatile organic compounds under tropospheric conditions is generally induced by the reaction with hydroxyl radicals, followed by reaction with oxygen. This thesis involved the study of the mechanisms and reaction pathways of some of these reactions using an experimental system of laser photolysis coupled to Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF, for OH) and continuous wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS, for HO2) detection techniques. The coupling of these detection techniques allowed studying the simultaneous, time resolved kinetics of OH and HO2 radicals and spectroscopic measurements for different species by the cw-CRDS technique. Different chemical systems studied using the above experimental technique include: 1) kinetics of the reaction of OH radicals with CH3OH and CD3OD, 2) HO2 yield in the OH-initiated oxidation of SO2, 3) an energy dependence study on the direct formation of HO2 radicals from the photoexcitation (at 248 nm) of various aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene or mesitylene) in the presence of oxygen. In addition the spectroscopic applications of the cw-CRDS technique have been used to measure the absorption cross-sections of selected absorption lines of H2O2, HONO, HO2 and DO2 in the near infrared region
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Djehiche, Mokhtar. "Développement d’un couplage cw-CRDS – chambre de simulation pour la mesure in situ du radical HO2 et d’espèces d’intérêt atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10045/document.
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La spectroscopie cw-CRDS (continuous wave-Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy) est une technique d’absorption très sensible utilisée pour identifier et quantifier des espèces en phase gazeuse à des concentrations faibles et avec un temps de réponse très court. Nous avons développé une chambre de simulation atmosphérique (110 L) équipée d’un spectromètre cw-CRDS dans le proche IR (~ 1,5 µm), permettant la détection in situ du radical hydroperoxyle HO2, et d’autres espèces d’intérêt atmosphérique. Nous avons démontré les performances de ce dispositif original en étudiant deux systèmes réactionnels. Le premier système étudié est la photolyse du méthyle nitrite (CH3ONO), qui génère des radicaux OH. Le HONO issu de la réaction OH + CH3ONO a été identifié et quantifié pour la première fois, ce qui constitue une avancée importante dans la connaissance de cette réaction. La formation du HONO et du CH2O, produit majoritaire de la photolyse, a été étudiée dans différentes conditions expérimentales. Dans un deuxième temps, l’oxydation du méthanol dans l’air par les atomes de chlore Cl a été étudiée. Le radical HO2 a été observé pour la première fois par cw-CRDS in situ dans une chambre de simulation atmosphérique. La cinétique de disparition de HO2 a été étudiée, confirmant la valeur de la constante de vitesse de la réaction mutuelle ; une perte significative sur les parois de réacteur a été observée à très basse pression. La mesure des taux de photolyse du NO2, du CH3ONO et du Cl2 par différentes méthodes a permis de caractériser le dispositif expérimental développé dans ce travail<br>The continuous wave-Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is a very sensitive absorption technique used to selectively identify and quantify gaseous species at low concentrations and with a short acquisition time. We have developed an environmental chamber (110L) coupled with a near-IR cw-CRDS spectrometer for the detection of HO2 and other gaseous species. In order to demonstrate the performance of this setup, we have investigated two reaction systems. The first study concerns the methyl nitrite (CH3ONO) photolysis, which is known to generate OH radicals. The HONO product in the OH + CH3ONO reaction has been identified and quantified for the first time, which represents a very important step in the comprehension of this reaction. The formation of HONO and CH2O (a major product in the CH3ONO photolysis) has been studied under different experimental conditions. Secondly, the oxidation of methanol in air by chlorine atoms has been investigated. The HO2 radical has been observed for the first time by in-situ cw-CRDS in an environmental chamber. The kinetics of HO2 disappearance has been studied and the results confirm the rate constant value of the HO2 self reaction. A rather significant loss of HO2 on the walls of reactor has been observed at low pressure. Finally, the measurement of the photolysis frequencies of NO2, CH3ONO and Cl2 by various methods has allowed characterizing the experimental device developed in this work
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Meira, Denise Sayuri Maruo. "Analise das praticas de humanização do SUS = acompanhamento multidisciplinar em ambulatorio de follow up de bebes de risco - CRDI Fenix." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311692.
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Orientador: Regina Yu Shon Chun<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Introdução: O predomínio do componente neonatal sobre o pós-natal na mortalidade infantil, nas décadas de 1980 e 90 no Brasil, trouxe em evidência a elevada proporção de óbitos evitáveis e a importância da qualidade assistencial mãe-bebê. A especialização, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, a valorização e capacitação de recursos humanos além do estabelecimento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à Atenção Materno-Infantil contribuíram para maior sobrevida de bebês com graves intercorrências perinatais. Tais fatos contribuíram para a criação de Ambulatórios de Follow Up, proporcionado por programas longitudinais como o Centro de Referência em Desenvolvimento Infantil Fênix - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brasil). O serviço segue as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Humanização, buscando superar a fragmentação da rede e do processo de trabalho e recebeu reconhecimento do Ministério da Saúde em 2006, tendo sido inserido no Banco de Projetos do Humanizasus. O Programa Nacional Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde alerta sobre a importância de mecanismos de avaliação e de controle da qualidade assistencial bem como da opinião daqueles aos quais os serviços se destinam. Assim, este estudo volta-se à avaliação desse Programa por meio da análise de indicadores de avaliação do serviço e da perspectiva do cuidador. Objetivo: Avaliar a assistência do CRDI-FÊNIX por meio de (i) indicadores de oferta (capacidade de oferta do serviço), da demanda de encaminhamento e de chegada, de cobertura (proporção da população-alvo atingida pelo programa/intervenção), e de utilização (proporção de uso do serviço da população alvo) e (ii) entrada, acompanhamento multidisciplinar, qualidade e resolutividade da assistência e vínculo entre usuário/cuidador/equipe na opinião do cuidador. Sujeitos e métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa retrospectiva aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Foi feito levantamento dos sujeitos que receberam alta de junho de 2005 a julho de 2006 para constituição do corpus e caracterização do perfil da população atendida. Resultados: Os prontuários caracterizaram os bebês quanto a: local de moradia, tempo médio de seguimento e profissionais envolvidos na assistência. A adesão foi de 53% dos sujeitos e demanda de encaminhamento da maternidade de referência de 28,77%. A demanda de chegada ao serviço foi de 83,22% e a capacidade de oferta estimada em 140 bebês/ano. Verifica-se que do total de nascimentos, 10,74% dos bebês foram encaminhados para cuidados intensivos e intermediários, sendo que 6,09% pertenciam ao Sistema Único de Saúde. Desses, chegaram ao serviço 1,60% por apresentarem risco para alteração no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. A utilização integral do serviço foi de 52,78% e a parcial, 47,22%. Os cuidadores indicam satisfação quanto a qualidade, resolutividade da assistência e a importância do acompanhamento multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Os achados mostram a eficácia dos indicadores estudados e reiteram a importância da escuta e do acolhimento ao usuário em uma perspectiva humanizada e integral, mostrando-se como ferramentas fundamentais para conhecimento e avaliação do serviço. A responsabilização dos diferentes sujeitos implicados no processo dessa rede de cuidados contribui para desburocratização da assistência e para maior autonomia dos atores envolvidos, exercendo-se a humanização, como proposta pelas políticas vigentes<br>Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of the neonatal component over the post-neonatal in infant mortality, in the decades of 1980 and 1990 in Brazil, showed the high proportion of avoidable deaths and the importance of the care quality mother-baby. The specialization, the development of technologies, the valuing and capacity of human resources in addition to the establishment of public health policies aiming the Mother-Child attention, contributed for a highest survival of babies with severe perinatal interferences. These facts contributed to the creation of High-risk Infant Follow-up Program , provided by longitudinal programs such as the Fenix Reference Center in Children Development - CRDI (Campinas, SP, Brazil). The service follows the guidelines from the National Policy of Humanization, aiming to overcome the system and work process fragmentation and was recognized by the Ministry of Health in 2006, being inserted in Humanizasus projects database. The National Program of Health Services Assessment warns about the importance of assessment tools and of assistential quality control such as the opinion of those at whom the service is aimed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate this program through the analysis of the service assessment indicators and the caregiver perspective. Objective: To evaluate the assistance of CRDI-FENIX through (i) provision indicators (capacity of service provision), incoming and referral demand, coverage (proportion of target population that is assisted by the program/intervention) and use (proportion of the service use by target population) and (ii) incoming, multidisciplinary assistance, quality assistence, solving assistance and attachment between the user/caregiver/staff according to the caregiver opinion. Subjects and methods: This is a retrospective research approved by Research Ethics Committee. A survey was done on subjects that received medical discharge during the period of June 2005 to July 2006, composing the corpus and the population characterization. For the analysis of the target population that was assisted by the program, it were used data from July 2007 to June 2008, since the reference maternity did not have the data from 2005 and 2006. Results: The subject records categorized the babies according to: the place of their residences, average period of assistance, and professional involved in assistance. The adherence was of 53% and referral demand from the reference maternity was 28.77%. The incoming demand to the service was 83.22% and the offer capacity estimated of 140 babies per year. The results showed that from the total of the new bourns, 10,74% need intensive care, from that 6,09% are dependent from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and 1.6% arrived at the service. The integral use of the service was 52.78% and parcial 47.22%. The caregivers showed satisfaction regarding the quality and solving of the assistance, and the importance of the multidisciplinary assistance. Conclusion: The findings revealed the efficiency of the indicators studied and reiterate the importance of the user's listening and embracement according to a humanized and integral perspective, considered as important tools to know and evaluate the service. The responsibility of the different subjects involved in the process of this care network contributes for the disbureaucracy of the assistance and for a greater independence of the people involved, considering the humanization as a proposal from the current politics<br>Mestrado<br>Saude, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação<br>Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
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Fonchy, Evelyne. "Etude de la synthèse d'esters d'acides gras à courte chaîne par "Pseudomonas fragi CRDA 037" par bioconversion en milieu aqueux." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20061.
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Les esters sont des composes d'arome recherches pour leurs notes fruitees et qui peuvent etre synthetises par des microorganismes. Ainsi, p. Fragi, bacterie psychrotrophe qui contamine les produits laitiers en aval de leur sterilisation, forme, en se developpant une off-flavor rappelant l'arome de fraise constituee principalement d'esters d'acides gras a courte chaine. Nous avons montre, dans une premiere partie, que la temperature de culture influence l'aptitude des cellules de p. Fragi a synthetiser du valerate d'ethyle par bioconversion en milieu aqueux. Le maximum d'ester a ete obtenu a partir de cellules ayant ete cultivees pendant 50h a 15\c. Dans ces conditions, la presence d'une faible activite hydrolytique a aussi ete decelee. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons observe que l'utilisation d'un extrait brut de p. Fragi comme catalyseur des reactions d'esterification ne permet d'obtenir que de tres faibles quantites de valerate d'ethyle. La presence d'une lipase membranaire et d'une esterase intracellulaire a ete mise en evidence ; ces enzymes pourraient etre responsables de l'hydrolyse de l'ester au fur et a mesure de sa formation quand les cellules sont soniquees. Dans une troisieme partie, nous avons mis au point un milieu de culture chimiquement defini grace a des plans d'experiences, qui a permis de remplacer le lactoserum, utilise jusqu'a present et d'augmenter d'un facteur 5 les rendements d'esterification. Une derniere partie a permis de determiner les divers esters que p. Fragi est capable de synthetiser par bioconversion mais aussi de mettre en evidence l'importance de metabolisme des acides amines et des acides gras, plus particulierement la voie de la -oxydation, dans la synthese d'esters d'acides gras a courte chaine. Nos resultats nous laissent penser que les acyltransferases joueraient un role important dans la synthese d'esters fruites chez p. Fragi. L'existence de cette voie est signalee pour la premiere fois chez une bacterie.
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Biennier, Ludovic. "Spectroscopie ICLAS et CRDS des transitions harmoniques de l'acétylène et du propyne et des transitions rovibroniques du dimère de l'oxygène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10249.
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Ce travail est consacre a l'etude des etats de vibration tres excites de petites molecules polyatomiques et a l'etude d'une molecule d'interet atmospherique, (o 2) 2, par des techniques laser ultrasensibles. Les spectres de molecules prototypes, que sont l'acetylene et le propyne, ont ete etudies par spectroscopie d'absorption intracavite laser. Une exploration systematique des transitions rovibrationnelles de l'acetylene dans le domaine visible est realisee, et debouche sur une validation du modele de polyade a haute energie, l'amelioration des parametres, et surtout la confirmation des resonances anharmoniques anterieurement introduites. Les transitions harmoniques de l'elongation ch du propyne ont egalement ete etudiees. L'analyse detaillee du spectre donne un eclairage sur les couplages entre ces modes et les autres etats et sur la redistribution intramoleculaire de l'energie vibrationnelle. En parallele a titre d'application, le premier spectre d'absorption d'un compose hydrocarbone aromatique polycyclique ionise en phase gazeuse, produit par un jet supersonique continu couple avec une decharge a ete detecte par spectroscopie par temps de declin d'une cavite optique (crds). Ces deux techniques complementaires ont ete applique a la detection du premier spectre haute resolution du dimere d'oxygene. La haute sensibilite et resolution de la technique cw-crds ont permis la premiere analyse rotationnelle d'une transition d'un complexe a couche electronique ouverte. A partir de l'analyse rotationnelle est calculee la distance intermonomere pour les structures lineaire, croisee x, planaire h et en forme de t de (o 2) 2. Une attribution vibrationnelle est egalement proposee. Les constantes spectroscopiques determinees corroborent la geometrie h comme la plus probable pour l'etat singulet fondamental de (o 2) 2. Comme prevu (o 2) 2 est un systeme de van der waals typique intermediaire entre une molecule rigide et deux monomeres en rotation libre.
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Sadiek, Ibrahim [Verfasser]. "New mid-IR-CRD spectrometer for organohalogen detection and innovative applications of saturation spectroscopy / Ibrahim Sadiek." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1144269741/34.
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Rodriguez, Anne. "Étude de la combustion de composés organiques grâce au couplage d'un réacteur parfaitement agité avec des méthodes analytiques spectroscopiques et spectrométriques : application à la détection des hydroperoxydes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0246/document.
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Depuis ces dernières années, le monde doit faire face à une problématique énergétique importante due à la demande croissante en énergie primaire, sans mentionner les émissions de polluants nocives pour notre environnement. Pour cela les chercheurs étudient des voies alternatives à l’utilisation massive de carburants fossiles, telles que l’incorporation de biocarburants dans les essences conventionnelles, ou le développement de technologies modernes. De nouveaux types de moteur utilisant une combustion à plus basse température sont actuellement à l’étude. Ces derniers auraient l’avantage d’allier à la fois un bon rendement ainsi qu’une diminution des émissions de polluants (NOx et particules de suies). De fortes incertitudes existent pourtant encore, tant sur la caractérisation de la réactivité et des émissions des biocarburants, que sur la chimie d’oxydation en phase gazeuse à basse température. Les principaux objectifs de cette thèse sont donc : - d’établir une base de données expérimentales en identifiant les produits et intermédiaires réactionnels, et plus particulièrement à basse température d’oxydation (de 500 à 1100K), - de développer et valider de nouveaux modèles cinétiques détaillés afin de reproduire les résultats expérimentaux ainsi que la combustion du carburant étudié sur une large gamme de conditions. Les expériences d’oxydation ont été réalisées à partir d’un réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. Grâce à son homogénéité à la fois en température et en concentration, il est considéré comme un réacteur idéal, parfaitement adapté aux études cinétiques. Les produits formés en sortie du réacteur, sont analysés via trois méthodes complémentaires : la chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC), la cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) et la spectrométrie de masse (SM). La GC est une technique efficace dans la séparation des composés (incluant les isomères) et nous permet d’identifier une large gamme de composés. La CRDS est une technique d’absorption spectroscopique qui a l’avantage d’analyser des espèces plus spécifiques telles que HCHO, H2O et H2O2. Enfin la spectrométrie de masse couplée à une source d’ionisation douce permet l’analyse de composés de type hydroperoxyde et de formule R-OOH. Que ce soit H2O2 ou les hydroperoxydes, ces derniers constituent d’importants intermédiaires réactionnels en combustion et il existe malheureusement très peu de données expérimentales les concernant. Due à la fragilité de la liaison O-O, ces espèces sont thermolabiles et difficiles à analyser de manière quantitative (indétectables via la GC). Cette thèse a permis l'étude de l'oxydation de différents carburants, en passant par les hydrocarbures (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-hexènes, n-heptane, iso-octane, n-décane), jusqu'aux molécules oxygénées (diméthyl-éther, 1-hexanol, hexanal, méthyl-esters lourds)<br>In recent years, the world is facing a major energetic issue due to the growing primary energy demand and not to mention the emissions of harmful pollutants for the environment. Researchers have been studying alternative pathways to the massive use of fossil fuels, such as the incorporation of biofuels into conventional gasoline or the development of modern technology. New types of engines using a low-temperature combustion are currently under study. They have the advantage of combining both a good performance and a reduction in pollutant emissions (like NOx and soot particles). Significant gaps of knowledge are still remaining, both on the characterization of the reactivity, the emissions and on the low-temperature gas phase oxidation chemistry of biofuels. Main objectives of this thesis are to: ? - Establish an experimental database by identifying reaction products and intermediates and more particularly during the low-temperature oxidation (from 500 to 1100K), ? - Develop and validate detailed kinetic models in order to reproduce the combustion of the fuel. Oxidation experiments were performed using a jet-stirred reactor. Thanks to its homogeneity in both temperature and concentration, it can be considered as an ideal reactor for kinetic studies. The products obtained at the outlet of the reactor have been analyzed using three complementary methods: gas chromatography (GC) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and mass spectrometry (MS). The GC method is efficient in separating compounds (including isomers) and allows us to analyze a wide range of products. The CRDS method is an absorption spectroscopic technique which allows us to analyze specific species such as HCHO, H2O and H2O2. Finally MS coupled with a soft ionization technique allows us to analyze hydroperoxides products of formula R-OOH. Both H2O2 and hydroperoxides are important reaction intermediates in combustion, but there is very little experimental data available on those species. Due to their weak O-O bond, those compounds are thermolabile and difficult to analyze (undectable using GC). This thesis allowed the study of different fuels oxidation, from hydrocarbons (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-hexenes, n-heptane, iso-octane, n?decane) to oxygenated compounds (dimethyl-ether, 1-hexanol, hexanal, large methyl-esters)
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Morajkar, Pranay P. "Application of laser photolysis coupled to time resolved optical detection methods to study the kinetics and spectroscopy of atmospherically relevant species." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10063/document.
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Les radicaux OH et HO2 jouent un rôle essentiel dans beaucoup de processus d’oxydationdans l’atmosphère. La dégradation des composés organiques volatils dans les conditionstroposphériques est généralement initiée par la réaction avec les radicaux OH, suivie par la réactiondes produits d’oxydation avec l’oxygène. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des études ont été menéesafin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’oxydation d’espèces d’intérêt atmosphérique. Pour cela,un système expérimental de photolyse laser couplée à des techniques spectroscopiques de détectionrésolues dans le temps : Continuous Wave Cavity ring-down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) pour HO2,Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) pour OH et spectroscopy UV pour l’adduit Hexamethylbenzene-OH(HMB-OH) ont été utilisés. Différents systèmes chimiques ont été étudiés en utilisant ce dispositif expérimental : 1) laréaction d’HO2 avec CH2O, 2) la photolyse à 248 nm de l’acétaldéhyde et 3) la dégradation de HMBinitiée par OH. Les techniques de cw-CRDS et d’absorption UV ont été utilisées respectivement pourmesurer les sections efficaces de CH2O et de l’adduit HMB-OH<br>OH and HO2 radicals play a vital role in many oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Thedegradation of volatile organic compounds under tropospheric conditions is induced by reaction withhydroxyl radicals followed by the subsequent chemistry of the initial OH oxidation products with O2.This thesis deals with the kinetic study of some of these atmospherically relevant reactions to betterunderstand their oxidation mechanisms using experimental techniques such as laser photolysiscoupled to detection by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF, for OH), continuous wave- Cavity RingdownSpectroscopy (cw-CRDS, for HO2) and time resolved UV spectroscopy (UV, forHexamethylbenzene-OH adduct). Different chemical systems have been studied using the above techniques: 1) the reaction ofHO2 radicals with formaldehyde, 2) the 248 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde and 3) the OH initiatedoxidation of Hexamethyl benzene. In addition to this, the spectroscopic application of cw-CRDStechnique and UV spectroscopy has been used for the measurement of absorption cross section ofselected absorption lines of formaldehyde in the near infrared region and Hexamethylbenzene-OHadduct in the UV region respectively
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Le, Tan Ngoc Linh. "Mesure d’intermédiaires réactionnels (HO2, H2O2, CH2O) par CRDS lors de la combustion du n-butane et de l’éther di-méthylique et simulations cinétiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2027.
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La mesure de la formation de HO2 et H2O2 lors de l’oxydation de carburant est très difficile. Par contre, elle est extrêmement importante pour déterminer l’importance relative des voies de terminaison de chaînes de R + O2 et de ramification des chaînes menant à la production des radicaux OH. Par ailleurs, ces informations sont essentielles pour améliorer les modèles cinétiques. Afin de répondre à cette demande, un nouveau dispositif expérimental a été développé dans notre laboratoire : un réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux couplé à un détecteur cw-CRDS qui permet d’analyser en ligne des produits de combustion. Grâce à ce nouveau système, pour la première fois, HO2 a été mesuré directement lors de l’oxydation du n-butane et de l’éther di-méthylique dans un réacteur auto-agité par jets gazeux. L’échantillonnage est toujours à basse pression et les produits sont détectés dans le proche infrarouge. Toutes nos expériences ont été réalisées à pression atmosphérique dans le domaine de température 500-900 K. Les produits de combustion mesurés sont CH2O, H2O2, HO2, C2H4 et H2O. Nos résultats expérimentaux ont été utilisés pour tester des modèles cinétiques issus de la littérature que nous avons analysés en menant des analyses de sensibilité et de voies réactionnelles<br>Measuring the formation of HO2 and H2O2 from the oxidation of fuels is challenging but extremely important for determining their tendency to follow chain-termination pathways from R+O2 compared to chain-branching leading to the production of OH radicals. Furthermore, such data are vital for improving existing detailed chemical kinetics models. In order to meet these requirements, a new experimental setup has been developed in our laboratory: a jet-stirred reactor coupled with the cw-CRDS, which allows analyzing online combustion products. Thanks to this new system, for the first time, HO2 was measured directly during the oxidation of n-butane and dimethylether in a jet-stirred reactor. The sampling is always in vacuum and the species were detected at near infrared. All of our experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in the range of temperature between 500 K to 900 K. The combustion products measured were CH2O, H2O2, HO2, C2H4, and H2O. Our experimental results were used to test published kinetic models that were analyzed by performing sensitivity and reaction paths analyzes
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Phung, Viet Tiep. "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of astrophysically relevant molecular species, toward quantitative and high resolution studies using spectro-temporal properties of high finesse cavities." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS188/document.
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Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer de nouvelles techniques de spectroscopie moléculaire afin obtenir de nouvelles données spectroscopiques dans le visible et le proche infrarouge pour des molécules, radicaux ou ions d’intérêt astrophysiques. La première partie de ce travail a consisté en l’étude d’harmoniques élevés, très faibles en intensité, de bandes vibrationnelles de la molécule HC₃N (cyanoacetylène), par la technique de spectroscopie CRDS. La deuxième partie a consisté en l’étude spectroscopique d’espèces instables radicalaires. Pour cela, une décharge inductive Radio Fréquence a été couplée au montage CRDS. Le plasma ainsi créé a été caractérisé et sa capacité à produire des anions a été démontrée via notamment la mesure quantitative du rapport C₂ / C₂⁻pour une grande variété de conditions expérimentales. De même, une analyse spectroscopique quantitative a été menée sur les radicaux isotopomères ¹⁴NH₂ et ¹⁵NH₂. Cette étude valide certaines hypothèses faites dans de précédents travaux ayant permis de mesurer le rapport isotopique ¹⁵N/¹⁴N dans les comètes, pour la première fois à partir de raies d’émission de ces 2 isotopomères portant un groupe amino. La troisième et dernière partie de ce travail a consisté en le développement d’une nouvelle technique expérimentale appelée Broad-Band Dual Etalon Frequency COMb. Cette technique expérimentale basée sur l’utilisation de 2 cavités optiques de haute finesse devrait permettre d’obtenir une spectroscopie avec une résolution spectrale ultime non limitée par la source laser nanoseconde large bande mais par l’intervalle spectral libre des cavités de haute finesse utilisées<br>The main objective of this PhD was to develop spectroscopic techniques using high finesse optical cavities. These were applied to the measurement of quantitative spectroscopic data for neutral, radical and ionic molecular species of astrophysical interest in the near infrared and visible spectral range. The first part was devoted to the measurement of the oscillator strength of high vibrational overtone bands of the cyanoacetylene (HC₃N) molecule with the Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The second part was devoted to the study of the spectroscopy of transient neutral and ionic species. For that, an inductively radio frequency (RF) discharged has been coupled to the CRDS set up. The pertinence of this plasma to efficiently produce anions was demonstrated via the quantitative measurement of the C₂ / C₂⁻ ratio in a wide variety of conditions. A quantitative spectral analysis of the radical isotopomers ¹⁴NH₂ and ¹⁵NH₂ was also performed for the first time. This study provides experimental data that will allow to better constraint the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N isotopic ratio in comets through the emission lines of these two amino bearing isotopomers. The third and last part of the work was devoted to the development of a CRDS scheme called Broad Band Dual Etalon Frequency Comb Ring Down Spectroscopy. This new heterodyne technique, based on the use of the microsecond frequency combs generated by two high finesse optical cavities, should allow performing molecular spectroscopy with ultrahigh spectral resolution. First proof experiments were performed and perspective’s for improvement of the method is provided
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Johansson, Anna Karin. "Linking structure and function of the asialoglycoprotein receptor H1-CRD using site-directed mutagenesis and isotope labeling /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8736.
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Wright, Monica Elizabeth. "An Investigation of Urban Mobile Source Aerosol Using Optical Properties Measured by CRDT/N: Diesel Particulate Matter and the Impact of Biodiesel." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/673.
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Mobile source emissions are a major contributor to global and local air pollution. Governments and regulatory agencies have been increasing the stringency of regulations in the transportation sector for the last ten years to help curb transportation sector air pollution. The need for regulations has been emphasized by scientific research on the impacts from ambient pollution, especially research on the effect of particulate matter on human health. The particulate emissions from diesel vehicles, diesel particulate matter (DPM) is considered a known or probable carcinogen in various countries and increased exposure to DPM is linked to increased cardiovascular health problems in humans. The toxicity of vehicle emissions and diesel particulate emissions in particular, in conjunction with an increased awareness of potential petroleum fuel shortages, international conflict over petroleum fuel sources and climate change science, have all contributed to the increase of biodiesel use as an additive to or replacement for petroleum fuel. The goal of this research is to determine how this increased use of biodiesel in the particular emission testing setup impacts urban air quality. To determine if biodiesel use contributes to a health or climate benefit, both the size range and general composition were investigated using a comprehensive comparison of the particulate component of the emissions in real time. The emissions from various biodiesel and diesel mixtures from a common diesel passenger vehicle were measured with a cavity ring-down transmissometer (CRDT) coupled with a condensation particle counter, a SMPS, a nephelometer, NOx, CO, CO2, and O3 measurements. From these data, key emission factors for several biodiesel and diesel fuel mixtures were developed. This approach reduces sampling artifacts and allows for the determination of optical properties, particle number concentration, and size distributions, along with several important gas phase species' concentrations. Findings indicate that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel do not necessarily have an air quality benefit for particulate emissions in this emission testing scenario. The often cited linear decrease in particulate emissions with increasing biodiesel content was not observed. Mixtures with half diesel and half biodiesel tended to have the highest particulate emissions in all size ranges. Mixtures with more than 50% biodiesel had slightly lower calculated mass for light absorbing carbon, but this reduction in mass is most likely a result of a shift in the size of the emission particles to a smaller size range, not a reduction in the total number of particles. Evaluation of the extensive optical properties from this experimental set-up indicates that biodiesel additions to diesel fuel has an impact on emission particle extinction in both visible and near-IR wavelengths. The B99 mixture had the smallest emission factor for extinction at 532 nm and at 1064 nm. For the extinction at 532 nm, the trend was not linear and the emission factor peaked at the B50 mixture. Results from intensive properties indicate that emissions from B5 and B25 mixtures have Ångström exponents close to 1, typical for black carbon emissions. The mixtures with a larger fraction of biodiesel have Ångström exponent values closer to 2, indicating more absorbing organic matter and/or smaller particle size in the emissions. Additional experimental testing should be completed to determine the application of these results and emission factors to other diesel vehicles or types of diesel and biodiesel fuel mixtures.
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Mincioni, Giorgio. "Risk appetite e risk tolerance: strumenti di supporto agli istituti di credito per l'assunzione di rischi in tempi di crisi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6356/.
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Negli ultimi anni l’attenzione di legislatori e degli Organi di Vigilanza, in base alle riforme regolamentari attivate in risposta alla crisi economica, si sono focalizzate sulle pratiche di risk management delle Banche, sottolineando l’importanza dei sistemi di controllo e gestione dei rischi.
Il presente lavoro nasce con l’intento di analizzare e valutare le caratteristiche salienti del processo di assunzione e gestione dei rischi nel sistema economico finanziario attuale. Numerosi e autorevoli esperti, come gli operatori del Financial Stability Board , Institute of International Finance e Senior Supervisory Group, si sono espressi sulle cause della crisi finanziaria ed hanno sollevato dubbi circa la qualità delle azioni intraprese da alcuni manager, sulle loro politiche gestionali e sulla comprensione delle reali condizioni in cui versavano le loro Banche (in termini di esposizione ai rischi, report da aggregazione dati su performance aziendali e qualità dei dati aggregati) , si è ritenuto giusto dal punto di vista teorico approfondire in particolare i temi del Risk Appetite e Risk Tolerance, novità introdotte nelle diverse direttive e normative in risposta alle citate ed ambigue politiche di gestione ed assunzione rischi.
I concetti, qui introdotti, di appetito e tolleranza al rischio conducono ad una ampia sfera di riferimento che guarda alla necessità di fissare degli obiettivi di rischio e loro limiti per poter meglio controllare e valutare la stabilità economica/finanziaria e stimare gli effetti di condizioni peggiorative (reali o soltanto teoriche, come gli stress test) sulla solvibilità e profittabilità delle Banche nazionali ed internazionali.
Inoltre, ad integrazione di quanto precedentemente esposto sarà illustrata una survey sulla disclosure delle principali Banche europee in relazione alle informazioni sul Risk Appetite e sul Risk Tolerance.
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Morville, Jérôme. "Injection des cavités optiques de haute finesse par laser à diode : application à la CW-CRDS et à la détection de traces atmosphériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10092.
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Stucke, Diana [Verfasser]. "Überprüfung der Anwendbarkeit der „Chronopsychobiologischen Regulationsdiagnostik“ (CRD) zur Beurteilung von Belastungssituationen und Bestimmung von Stressreaktionstypen bei Pferden / Diana Stucke." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024539237/34.
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Craft, Lauren A. "A Study of Implementation Methodologies for Distributed Real Time Collaboration." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2314.
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Collaboration drives our world and is almost unavoidable in the programming industry. From higher education to the top technological companies, people are working together to drive discovery and innovation. Software engineers must work with their peers to accomplish goals daily in their workplace. When working with others there are a variety of tools to choose from such as Google Docs, Google Colab and Overleaf. Each of the aforementioned collaborative tools utilizes the Operational Transform (OT) technique in order to implement their real time collaboration functionality. Operational transform is the technique seen amongst most if not all major collaborative tools in our industry today. However, there is another way of implementing real time collaboration through a data structure called Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) which has made claims of superiority over OT. Previous studies have taken place with the focus on comparing the theory behind OT and CRDT's, but as far as we know, there have not been studies which compare real time collaboration performance using an OT implementation versus a CRDT implementation in a popularly used product such as Google Docs or Overleaf.
Our work will focus on comparing OT and CRDT's real time collaborative performance in Overleaf, an academic authorship tool, which allows for easy collaboration on academic and professional papers. Overleaf's current published version implements real time collaboration using operational transform. This thesis will contribute an analysis of the current real time collaboration performance of operational transform in Overleaf, an implementation of CRDT's for real time collaboration in Overleaf and an analysis of the performance of real time collaboration through the CRDT implementation in Overleaf. This thesis describes the main advantages and disadvantages of OT vs CRDTs, as well as, to our knowledge, the first results of a non-theoretical attempt at implementing CRDTs for handling document edits in a collaborative environment which was originally operating using an OT implementation.