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1
Schneider, William. Interviewing in Cross-Cultural Settings. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0004.
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The essence of this article is interviewing in cross-cultural settings. Cross-cultural interviews involve an interviewer and an interviewee who come from different backgrounds and have different experiences. They may not share common assumptions about meaning and both must work to establish understanding of what they mean by what they say. Usually, the person interviewing comes from a literate tradition and is conducting the interview to create a record that they or others will analyze and reference in their work. The person interviewed often is from a group whose primary reference is their oral tradition and narratives based on personal experience. In cross-cultural settings the interviewee or narrator is creating narrative from his or her oral tradition and personal experiences, while the interviewer is working to make a record for reference after the recording session. This article also discusses the ways of communicating in cross-cultural context. An analysis of cross-cultural interviews concludes this article.
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Armitage, Susan H. The Stages of Women's Oral History. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0012.
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The evolution and the various stages of women's history is the essence of this article. This article records women's history on a more personal way. Over the years, Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies has published four special issues on women's oral history, which serve as chronological markers for the development of women's oral history. The author of this article built up her own methodology in order to record the oral history of women. The early days of carrying out women's oral history were exhilarating. The focus was laid upon women who formed the marginalized of society. Miners' wives, farmers' wives who remembered the Dust Bowl, even a single woman homesteader were interviewed and it was their experiences which were accounted for in recording women's history. A common pattern was to use excerpts from completed interviews to create public programs. A search for women's culture, words, feminism, and the problem of representation concludes this article.
3
Seidman, Laurence. What Have Others Written about Stimulus without Debt? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462178.003.0011.
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In the past few years there have been many blogs, short articles, and comments through various media about stimulus without debt and helicopter money. This chapter reviews some of these writings and reacts to them. It begins with an article written decades ago by Milton Friedman presenting a helicopter money parable. Stimulus without debt is similar to helicopter money in some ways but differs in others. It’s similar because in both the helicopter money parable and the stimulus-without-debt plan the population receives newly created money as a transfer that can be kept, not a loan that must be repaid. Stimulus without debt differs from helicopter money because stimulus without debt creates checks and balances by assigning specific roles to specific institutions in its implementation; and because Friedman dropped helicopter money on a fully employed economy whereas stimulus without debt should only be applied to an economy in recession. These articles and blogs about stimulus without debt and helicopter money indicate that the proposal has made headway in receiving attention and some support.
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Smith, Paul J. Montaigne in the World. Edited by Philippe Desan. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215330.013.17.
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Montaigne’s informal and often provocative way of thinking and writing has had a longlasting influence in Europe. This article addresses the reception of Montaigne’s Essays from 1580 unto the present day, in France and beyond. The main topics are the French editions of the Essays, Montaigne’s French readers through the centuries – admirers as well as adversaries –, the numerous translations of the Essays in Europe and beyond, and their worldwide readership. Special attention is given to the country-specific imitations and interpretations, as exemplified by some famous Montaigne readers. Editors, translators, and other readers tend to create their own Montaigne according to their needs, norms, and values.
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Yearbook of Transnational History. Published by Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781683935063.
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The Yearbook of Transnational History is dedicated to disseminating pioneering research in the field of transnational history. This second volume provides readers with articles on topics such as transnational marriages, exile, soccer, and missionaries as well as on the campaigns in Communist countries for freeing the American civil-rights activist Angela Davis. These articles highlight the movement of ideas, people, policies, and practices across various cultures and societies and explore the relations, connections, and spaces created by these movements. The articles in this volume explore interconnected historical phenomena in Asia, North and South America, and Europe from the late seventeenth century to the late twentieth century. These articles make clear that historical phenomena such as soccer and exile cannot be contained and explained within just one national setting. This volume also offers a theoretical article that provides insights into the concept of intercultural transfer studies and its relationship to comparative and global history. and an article that surveys the state of research in the field of transnational crime.
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Krieger, Heike. Rights and Obligations of Third Parties in Armed Conflicts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0024.
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The chapter begins by noting that the prohibition of the use of force is the quintessential ius cogens rule of an erga omnes character. The same holds true for Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions. Both norms create third-party rights and obligations. However, structural deficits in the international legal order often hinder their effective enforcement. Moreover, recent state practice challenges certain obligations stemming in particular from the prohibition on the use of force. This chapter analyzes and compares the normative framework of both rules and examines recent contestations in state practice. It concludes by exploring the question as to what extent both rules reflect community interests or are still grounded on a reciprocal bilateral basis related to states’ self-interest.
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Ernst Kossek, Ellen, and Shaun Pichler. EEO and the Management of Diversity. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0013.
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Human resource management of equal employment opportunity (EEO) and workforce diversity involves the development and implementation of employer policies and practices that not only create a diverse workplace, but foster a supportive culture to enable individuals from different backgrounds to be able to work together productively to achieve organizational goals. Ensuring EEO, and the creation of a work environment that capitalizes on the benefits of a diverse workforce, are of growing importance for organizational effectiveness. Most employees around the globe work in organizations with a diversity and multicultural dimension to their business. This article aims to discuss the HRM perspective regarding EEO and diversity. Towards this end, it defines core concepts, and then examines labor force shifts and other rationales for managing EEO/diversity. It concludes by discussing ‘how’ firms are managing these issues. Future research implications are integrated at the end of relevant sections.
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Hui, Isaac. Jonson’s Comedy of Bastardy. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423472.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses how the comedy of bastardy can be seen in The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair, examining how Jonson plays on the tension between possession and dispossession, and the ambiguity between folly and madness. While Jonson makes fun of the city ‘professionals’, and to be possessed is to be melancholic; to be a fool, for him, is a liberation. The city helps to create and construct different identities. In his article ‘Jonson’s Metempsychosis’, Harry Levin suggests that ‘Possibly Mosca’s interlude was written before the rest of the play, like the puppet-show in Bartholomew Fair.’ The second part of this chapter develops from this suggestion, examining the similarities and differences between the two scenes and their importance in the two plays. It argues how the puppet embodies the characteristics of Volpone’s bastards.
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Mukerji, Chandra. The Landscape Garden as Material Culture: Lessons from France. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0024.
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Landscapes or built environments contain distinct lessons about material culture and human life. Land that shows the effects of human activity constitutes material culture, but is often less clearly bounded than other cultural objects and it is also more vividly intertwined with nature. This article explores the landscape garden as material culture. It exists everywhere that the earth and social communities meet: fields opened by deforestation, piles of sludge in the ruins of old manufacturing centres, empty lots in cities, windmills along a ridge, and others. These meeting places of nature and human labour are, like other forms of material culture, created for social purposes and designed to have value. In landscape history, there have been a number of schools of thought, touching on this issue. This article cites examples from gardens across the world especially Europe to elaborate on the importance of landscape gardens as material culture and also draws a similarity between the two which concludes this article.
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Polzer, Mark E. Early Shipbuilding in the Eastern Mediterranean. Edited by Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton, and Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0016.
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This article focuses on early shipbuilding in the Eastern Mediterranean provided by shipwreck and terrestrial excavations. The study of the construction of early watercraft is mainly in the form of artistic representation. Egypt is the largest depository of early watercraft. The details of Near Eastern ships are painted on the Theban tomb of Kenamun. Hull remains from Late Bronze Age shipwrecks excavated off the coast of Turkey provide archaeological evidence for Levantine ships. The only pre-classical Aegean shipwreck to be excavated and studied by nautical archaeologists is that of a trading vessel, that sank on the southwestern Turkish coast. Greek builders strengthened their hulls transversely with internal framing comprised of preassembled “made-frames” alternating with top-timbers. The ancient seafaring cultures of the eastern Mediterranean each developed their own unique set of solutions to create elegant, sturdy, and capable boats and ships well suited to their environments and intended purposes.
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Ivic, Sanja. Concept of European Values. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978729384.
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The Concept of European Values: Creating a New Narrative for Europe offers a philosophical analysis of the concept of European values from its origin to the present day. This book rethinks European values in light of the crises—economic, political, migration, identity, and pandemic—that the European Union (EU) has faced from 2008 until today and analyzes EU initiatives to create a new narrative for Europe. Sanja Ivic reexamines the concept of European values as well as the philosophical and political assumptions on which this concept is based. In times of crisis, the EU has shown a lack of solidarity. As evidenced by Brexit, the migration crisis, and the pandemic crisis, the EU is experiencing a clash of national and postnational norms and values. Ivic argues that the EU did not react in accordance with the supranational values and principles on which it is based, as stated in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union: respect for democracy, human dignity, freedom, equality, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. Its reaction to these crises shows a turn from postnational values (which the EU advocated as a supranational political community) to nationalist paradigms.
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Adam, Thomas, ed. Yearbook of Transnational History. Lexington Books, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781683934936.
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The Yearbook of Transnational History is dedicated to disseminating pioneering research in the field of transnational history. This third volume is dedicated to the transnational turn in urban history. It brings together articles that investigate the transnational and transatlantic exchanges of ideas and concepts for urban planning, architecture, and technology that served to modernize cities across East and Central Europe and the United States. This collection includes studies about regionals fairs as centers of knowledge transfer in Eastern Europe, about the transfer of city planning among developing urban centers within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, about the introduction of the Bauhaus into American society, and about the movement for constructing paved roads to connect cities on a global scale. The volume concludes with a historiographical article that discusses the potential of the transnational perspective to urban history. The articles in this volume highlight the movement of ideas and practices across various cultures and societies and explore the relations, connections, and spaces created by these movements. The articles show that modern cities across the European continent and North America emerged from intensive exchanges of ideas for almost every aspect of modern urban life.
13
Gamsa, Mark. Communism and the Artistic Intelligentsia. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.005.
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This article is an effort at comparative history: it treats the intelligentsia in the Soviet Union along with the zhishi fenzi (literally, ‘knowledgeable elements’) in the People’s Republic of China. Starting from a discussion of these terms and ways in which they differ from the Western notion of intellectuals, the article then focuses on the creative work of artists under the two communist regimes. Looking also at the daily conditions, in which writers, musicians, painters, and other members of the artistic intelligentsia in both countries lived and worked, and at their collective image within their societies, the article concludes with a consideration of the legacies and possible prospects of the intelligentsia following the demise of communism in Russia and the introduction of a capitalist market in China.
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Landis, Deborah Nadoolman, ed. The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Film and Television Costume Design. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207867.
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The first volume of The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Film and Television Costume Design examines the process of costume design from script to screen, by genre and region, encompassing the contributions of designers from the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America and beyond, from early cinema to the present day. With articles on the history of costume design, on international modes of production, on key genres and themes, and on costume’s contribution to global popular culture, international contributors, drawn from both practitioners and scholars from a range of disciplines, highlight the continuities and differences across costume design practice. This pioneering volume creates the foundation for the first-ever comprehensive analysis of the essential role of the costume designer to cinema storytelling, with later volumes examining the careers and creative collaborations of individual designers. Together with Volumes 2 and 3, this landmark work forms the ultimate authoritative reference on costume design for film and television.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 18. Free Movement of Goods:. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0018.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter deals with Member State action that creates barriers to trade. The most obvious form of protectionism occurs through customs duties or charges that have an equivalent effect, with the object of rendering foreign goods more expensive than their domestic counterparts. This is addressed by Articles 28-30 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). A state may also attempt to benefit domestic goods by taxes that discriminate against imports, which is covered by Articles 110-113 TFEU. These issues are considered within the chapter.
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Parker, Simon C. Entrepreneurship, Self-employment and the Labour Market. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0016.
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This article surveys the entrepreneurship literature as it relates to the labour market. The purpose of this article is to describe, from a mainly but not exclusively economic perspective, the principal theoretical methods and empirical findings in the field. Entrepreneurship intersects with labour markets in several other ways. For example, human capital theory can be used to help explain entrepreneurs' business performance; and labour supply models can be used to help understand their work effort patterns. Both topics attract policy interest, because policy-makers frequently express interest in promoting successful enterprises, and fostering an ‘enterprise culture’ in which hard work is encouraged and rewarded. Policy-makers also promote entrepreneurship because they believe it creates employment growth and reduces unemployment.
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Matthey-Prakash, Florian. The Right to Education in India. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199494286.001.0001.
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What does it mean for education to be a fundamental right, and how may children benefit from it? Surprisingly, even when the right to education was added to the Indian Constitution as Article 21A, this question received barely any attention. This book identifies justiciability (or, more broadly, enforceability) as the most important feature of Article 21A, meaning that children and their parents must be provided with means to effectively claim their right from the state. Otherwise, it would remain a ‘right’ only on paper. The book highlights how lack of access to the Indian judiciary means that the constitutional promise of justiciability is unfulfilled, particularly so because the poor, who cannot afford quality private education for their children, must be the main beneficiaries of the right. It then deals with possible alternative means the state may provide for the poor to claim the benefits under Article 21A, and identifies the grievance redress mechanism created by the Right to Education Act as a potential system of enforcement. Even though this system is found to be deficient, the book concludes with an optimistic outlook, hoping that rights advocates may, in the future, focus on improving such mechanisms for legal empowerment.
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Raimondi, Guido. Introductory Note. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0027.
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This article comments on four important judgments given by the European Court of Human Rights in 2016. Al-Dulimi v. Switzerland addresses the issue of how, in the context of sanctions regimes created by the UN Security Council, European states should reconcile their obligations under the UN Charter with their obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights to respect the fundamentals of European public order. Baka v. Hungary concerns the separation of powers and judicial independence, in particular the need for procedural safeguards to protect judges against unjustified removal from office and to protect their legitimate exercise of freedom of expression. Magyar Helsinki Bizottság v. Hungary is a judgment on the interpretation of the Convention, featuring a review of the “living instrument” approach. Avotiņš v. Latvia addresses the principle of mutual trust within the EU legal order and the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the Convention.
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Souza, Aparecida Carina Alves de, Mônica Alves de Matos Pereira, Célia Maria Adão de Oliveira Aguiar de Sousa, et al. Caminhos Possíveis para Incluir: Educação, cultura, esporte e lazer. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-390-9.
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This collection of articles aims to weave a critical reflection on education, sport, culture, and its inclusive principles while respecting social rights and presenting inclusion as the main point. It brings forth the perspective of education against barbarism in the search for human emancipation in counterpoint to a society that kills and trivializes exclusion. It also aims to examine a patchwork of the times in which we have been living, when the tendency of capitalist society is to equal everyone, making it impossible to legitimize social rights. From this perspective, our intention was to bring relevant issues from the educational, social and political areas to the debate, in order to produce knowledge that emancipate. Thinking about Inclusion in Education, these articles express, within a broad educational context and from the perspective of an education for everyone, the realization of this conscious collection to achieve educational goals and objectives that maximize participation and minimize the barriers to learning experienced by all subjects, regardless of their physical, social, cultural, and economic characteristics. In this environment, this compilation sought to aggregate contributions from researchers in the field of education, sports, and culture which create dialogue with educational strategies that foster the construction of a true awareness and unfold in actions with a positive impact on society.
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Kogut, Bruce. Methodological Contributions in International Business and the Direction of Academic Research Activity. Edited by Alan M. Rugman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234257.003.0025.
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The development of the field of international business has been strongly driven by innovations in research design and methodologies. This article emphasizes this role in order to suggest that progress is engaged when a community collectively is able to ride upon common methods, schemas, and templates. Research in international business has contributed its own methodological and design that served as a template for subsequent efforts. This article documents briefly three contributions: Raymond Vernon's multinational database, foreign direct investment studies, and the choice of foreign entry mode. It turns then to two current areas of research (i.e. organizational ecology and comparative national systems) that might benefit from agreement on design and method. In focusing on these contributions, it neglects other major contributions to international business research, especially that of business history that has indisputably created successful research programmes with defined methodologies.
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Gajewska, Magdalena Anna, Aitor Arruza Zuazo, and Ana Garrido González, eds. Fuera de lugar: Cuerpos (in)tangibles en las culturas minorizadas de la península Ibérica. Literatura, Cine y Arte. University of Warsaw Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323555902.
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This volume aims to research how Catalan, Galician, Basque and Mirandese literature, cinema and art conceptualize alterity with a focus on the corporeal. The articles explore how the Other is constructed from the perspective of minority culture and how their own identities are created in reference to this Other. Furthermore, the authors reflect on how the dominant cultures (Spanish and Portuguese, respectively) inscribe otherness in minority cultures. They also examine the values attributed to the Other and how they manifested themselves through the body from both perspectives, they look at areas of alterity framed in the Catalan, Galician, Basque and Mirandese identities, their possible variants and their multidimensional character.
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Foley, John Miles. Nodes in Alphabetical Order. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037184.003.0008.
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This chapter contains the core of the oral tradition/Internet technology discussions, listed in alphabetical order albeit the reader is free to create their own node-sequences as they please. The myriad topics here cover various areas of the three agoras and can range from anecdotal insights into verbal marketplaces to more comprehensive definitions of the terms and concepts used in the Pathways Project to discussions and divergences of networking among the three Agoras to reintroductions of familiar topics cast in a new light. Alongside these are further articles relating to the Pathways Project and its website proper. It must be noted, however, that, as a previous chapter has indicated, the nodes here are subject to the limitations of the tAgora, and that the website contains further and continually updated information for those who have exhausted the insights presented in this chapter.
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David, Bruno, and Ian J. McNiven, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190607357.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. Rock art is one of the most visible and geographically widespread of cultural expressions, and it spans much of the period of our species’ existence. Rock art also provides rare and often unique insights into the minds and visually creative capacities of our ancestors and how selected rock outcrops with distinctive images were used to construct symbolic landscapes and shape worldviews. Equally important, rock art is often central to the expression of and engagement with spiritual entities and forces, and in all these dimensions it signals the diversity of cultural practices, across place and through time. Over the past 150 years, archaeologists have studied ancient arts on rock surfaces, both out in the open and within caves and rock shelters, and social anthropologists have revealed how people today use art in their daily lives. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art showcases examples of such research from around the world and across a broad range of cultural contexts, giving a sense of the art’s regional variability, its antiquity, and how it is meaningful to people in the recent past and today – including how we have ourselves tended to make sense of the art of others, replete with our own preconceptions. It reviews past, present, and emerging theoretical approaches to rock art investigation and presents new, cutting edge methods of rock art analysis for the student and professional researcher alike.
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Weir, Alan. Indeterminacy of Translation. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0011.
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W.V. Quine's thesis of the indeterminacy of translation is the theory which launched a thousand doctorates. During the 1970s it sometimes seemed to be as firmly entrenched a dogma among North American philosophers as the existence of God was among medieval theologians. So what is the indeterminacy thesis? It is very tempting, of course, to apply a little reflexivity and deny that there is any determinate thesis of indeterminacy of translation; to charge Quine with championing a doctrine which has no clear meaning, or which is hopelessly ambiguous. Such a charge is, it is argued in this article, false. His meaning is fairly clear and there is widespread agreement on what the thesis amounts to. The second section of the article looks at Quine's ‘argument from below’ for indeterminacy, then the ‘argument from above’, with concluding remarks in the last section.
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Ramani, Geetha B., and Robert S. Siegler. How Informal Learning Activities Can Promote Children’s Numerical Knowledge. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.012.
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Before children begin school, there is a wide range of individual differences in children’s early numerical knowledge. Theoretical and empirical work from the sociocultural perspective suggests that children’s experiences in the early home environment and with informal number activities can contribute to these differences. This article draws from this work to hypothesize that differences in the home explain, in part, why the numerical knowledge of children from low-income backgrounds trails behind that of peers from middle-class backgrounds. By integrating sociocultural perspectives with a theoretical analysis of children’s mental number line, the authors created an informal learning activity to serve as an intervention to promote young children’s numerical knowledge. Our studies have shown that playing a simple number board game can promote the numerical knowledge of young children from low-income backgrounds. The authors discuss how informal learning activities can play a critical role in the development of children’s early maths skills.
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Arriaga, Eduard, and Andrés Villar, eds. Afro-Latinx Digital Connections. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402046.001.0001.
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This volume presents examples of how digital technologies are being used by people of African descent in South America and the Caribbean, a topic that has been overlooked within the field of digital humanities. These case studies show that in the last few decades, Black Latinx communities have been making themselves visible and asserting long-standing claims and rights through digital tools and platforms, which have been essential for enacting discussions and creating new connections between diverse groups. Afro-Latinx Digital Connections includes both research articles and interviews with practitioners who are working to create opportunities for marginalized communities. Projects discussed in this volume range from an Afrodescendant digital archive in Argentina, blog networks in Cuba, an NGO dedicated to democratizing technology in Brazilian favelas, and the recruitment of digital media to fight racism in Peru. Contributors demonstrate that these tools need not be state of the art to be effective and that they are often most useful when employed to sustain a resilience that is deep and historically grounded. Digital connections are shown here as a means to achieve social justice and to create complex self-representations that challenge racist images of Afrodescendant peoples and monolithic conceptions of humanity. This volume expands the scope of digital humanities and challenges views of the field as a predominantly white discipline.
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Croson, Rachel, and Gary E. Bolton, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730858.001.0001.
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Individuals, groups, and societies all experience conflict, and attempt to resolve it in numerous ways. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution brings together scholars from multiple disciplines to offer perspectives on the current state and future challenges in negotiation and conflict resolution. It aims to act as an aid in identifying new research topics. It hopes also to provide a guide to current debates and identify complementarities between approaches taken by different disciplines and the insights which those approaches generate. Leading researchers from the fields of economics, psychology, organizational behavior, policy, and other fields have contributed articles. The volume is organized to juxtapose purposefully contributions from different fields to enable cross-fertilization between the disciplines and to generate new and creative approaches to studying the topic. These articles provide a lens into current scholarship, and a window into the potential future of this field. The confluence of research perspectives represented here aims to identify further synergies and advances in the understanding of conflict resolution.
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Meredith, Dennis. Explaining Research. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571316.001.0001.
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Explaining Research is the most comprehensive guide to research communication. It offers practical tools and techniques to effectively reach professional and lay audiences important to researchers’ success. These audiences include colleagues, potential collaborators, officers in funding agencies and foundations, donors, institutional leaders, corporate partners, students, legislators, family and friends, journalists, and the public. The book also includes strategies to guide research communication, as well as insights from leading science journalists and research communicators. The book shows how to develop a communication “strategy of synergy”; give compelling talks; build a professional website; create quality posters, images, animations, graphs, charts, videos, e-newsletters, blogs, podcasts, and webinars; write popular articles and books; persuade funding decision makers; produce news releases and other content that attract media coverage; give effective media interviews; serve as a public educator in schools and science centers; and protect against communication traps.
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Brigard, Felipe De. Memory and the Intentional Stance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367511.003.0005.
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Despite Dennett’s vast scholarship, he seemed to only have directly addressed the topic of memory in a relatively unknown coauthored article published in a somewhat obscure volume. The current chapter attempts to reconstruct the ideas from this old article, and argues that it offers a viable and coherent view of episodic memory with substantial empirical support. Specifically, the chapter uncovers three empirically supported theses. A functional thesis, according to which our memory system not only processes information about past events but also uses this information to construct useful anticipations of possible future events. A computational thesis, according to which statistical regularities, along with individual limitations and goals, probabilistically constrain the search space examined during memory retrieval. And a metaphysical thesis, according to which memories do not exist as subpersonal-level brain structures encoding particular intentional contents but rather as personal-level psychological phenomena only accessible from the intentional stance.
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Bomberger, E. Douglas. Fallout. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872311.003.0012.
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In a 2 December article entitled “Rising Tide of Sentiment against German Music,” critic W. J. Henderson detailed the ways that musical attitudes in the United States had been altered in recent months. Fritz Kreisler and Karl Muck were restricted in their performances, while Schumann-Heink took a temporary break from public concerts. Walter Damrosch and Leopold Stokowski took pains to emphasize their loyalty, but Damrosch’s new arrangement of “The Star-Spangled Banner” was criticized for being too ornate. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band and the Original Creole Band continued to ride the wave of jazz popularity. After further delays, the Fifteenth New York National Guard Regiment finally crossed the Atlantic Ocean and prepared to join the war in France.
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French, Derek. 1. Overview. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815105.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the work’s contents. It introduces the basic ideas of company law. A company is an artificial legal person capable of owning property, being a party to contracts, and being a claimant or defendant in legal proceedings. A company is created by registration at Companies House under the Companies Act 2006. A company is both an association of members (shareholders) and a person separate from its members. Members are not liable for the company’s debts. Members are only liable to make an agreed capital contribution in return for their shares. Members appoint directors to manage the company’s business and represent the company. Every company must have articles of association which set out the company’s constitution.
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Hancock, David. Atlantic Trade and Commodities, 1402–1815. Edited by Nicholas Canny and Philip Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0019.
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This article reviews the transfer of goods and services between the continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It shows that the demands of long-distance trade, particularly but not solely across the Atlantic, encouraged innovation in technologies and methods, transformed commercial institutions, and required traders to develop novel ways of managing their businesses. After regaining independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal created a transatlantic trading system that was more vigorous than what had existed before 1580. The long eighteenth century witnessed a precipitate decline of France as an Atlantic commercial power and a steady rise of England. Paradoxically, France's Atlantic trading burgeoned, at least at first. While Britain and France struggled for Atlantic control, the Netherlands flourished, albeit in slightly different channels than before. The increase in the efficiency of shipping, the dematerialisation of finance, and the spread of information were substantial results of a burgeoning Atlantic trade. They also forced changes in traders' and governments' ideas about how commerce should be managed.
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Vile, John R. The United States Constitution. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216030492.
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An up-to-date, all-encompassing, and nonpartisan presentation of questions and answers about the U.S. Constitution and its amendments—an invaluable tool for readers regardless of their political orientation. Readers will easily grasp the foundations and purposes of the U.S. Constitution—and the critical importance and implications of its amendments—through a series of questions and answers about constitutional topics. The work proceeds logically, covering each article, section, and amendment, explaining how each constitutional change over history affects earlier parts of the document. Created as an approachable, introductory book for high school and college students as well as general readers, The United States Constitution: Questions and Answers, Second Edition is an effective learning tool when read from start to finish, or when used to focus on and research specific constitutional provisions of interest. Its extensively updated and revised coverage since the first edition includes many key cases and serves to direct paramount attention to the constitutional document itself.
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Damiens, Caroline, and Adrian Morfee. A Siberian History of Soviet Film. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350269910.
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This book delves into the representation of the indigenous "Peoples of the North" in Soviet cinema and TV from the 1920s to the 1980s. It traces their evolving depictions, which shifted between portraying them as backward and in harmony with nature, reflecting the Soviet Union's evolving perception of modernity. Caroline Damiens combines a detailed analysis of key works such asTymancha’s Friend(1969),The Most Beautiful Ships(1972),Tracking the Wolverine(1978) andWhen the Whales Leave(1981), with primary sources like press articles, archives, and interviews, to reveal how these cinematic portrayals were created and negotiated, providing insight into the concepts of progress and authenticity in the Soviet context. She emphasizes the role of indigenous individuals in shaping their cinematic image, both in front of and behind the camera, highlighting the works of lesser-known figures like Suntsai Geonka, Zinaida Pikounova, and Iurii Rytkheu. In doing so, Damiens emphasizes the multifaceted nature of film, where interpretations differ based on the perspectives of those involved. Using a de-colonial approach and drawing from extensive archival materials, Damiens prompts a re-evaluation of the Soviet cinematic past and present by centering indigenous voices in the narrative. In doing so, she provides a thorough exploration of the intricate relationship between culture, representation, and identity in Soviet cinema.
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O'Neill, Kevin Lewis. Anthropology and Genocide. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0010.
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This article explores the relationship between anthropology and genocide. Anthropology is the study of culture — the attitudes, behaviours, and practices that constitute a given community. The anthropology of genocide lends analytical clarity and empirical rigour to a range of issues, including truth, memory, and representation in post-genocidal spaces. Anthropology's growing interest in genocide has a number of roots, including a continued interest in both modernity and globalization as well as violence and terror; a shift from small village studies to research that examine the state-level dynamics in situations of upheaval, flux, and violence; and a greater commitment to reflexivity, historicity, and engaged anthropology. The formation of anthropological questions relating to genocide studies builds from several other intellectual developments such as critical assessments of ethnography, nationalism, violence, and refugees, but nonetheless continues to extend far beyond these issues in rather creative and thought-provoking ways.
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Finney, Martha I., ed. Building High-Performance People and Organizations. Praeger, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400622083.
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Business success depends on employee innovation, drive, skill, endurance, and dedication. Engaged employees, studies show, provide tangible advantages to the organization like greater customer satisfaction and improved profitability. In contrast, the Gallup Organization has discovered that disengaged workers cost U.S. business between $250 billion and $350 billion each year. How do you engage employees and, in turn, create the high-performance organization? That's what this set is all about. From the latest theories on motivation to innovations in HR to methods to increase employee retention, it provides the essential insights and tools managers, leaders, and HR people need to find new ways to succeed—while keeping employees happy, productive, and loyal. Employees know that cradle-to-grave—or even week-to-week—employment security is a thing of the past, and that they are at the helm of their own career ship. Discerning consumers in the employment marketplace, they therefore seek employment opportunities that speak not only to their wallets and life circumstances, but also to their desire to find work that provides purpose and passion. How can employers meet these needs and create a team of engaged employees? That's a large question, and one that spans a spectrum of issues that includes career development, human resource management, and the alignment between individual and organizational goals. In these three volumes, leaders and managers will find answers. They feature articles, interviews, and reports from academics, psychologists, managers in the practical corporate world, and experts in career management. Despite what Donald Trump might say, work is personal, and the ways in which individuals navigate the organizational environment—and businesses organize to seek, attract, and retain the best employees—is of primary concern. That goes double in these turbulent times, when job security is at stake, cynicism rampant, and loyalty at risk.Building High-Performance People and Organizationsconnects the dots so employers can maintain a loyal, satisfied, and productive workforce. Volume 1: The New Employer-Employee Relationshiplooks at trends in demographics and the general business environment leading to and driving the concept of employee engagement. Volume 2: The Engaged Workplace: Organizational Strategiesfocuses on real-world organizational strategies to find, develop, and retain the best employees, with an emphasis on innovative practices in both the U.S. and internationally. Volume 3: Case Studies and Conversationsfeatures interviews with thought leaders in the entire landscape of performance management and employee engagement. Their insights will provide readers with the absolute latest thinking in their fields of expertise. Volume 3 also contains short case studies of companies that are pioneering high-performance cultures.
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Lin, Patrick, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins, eds. Robot Ethics 2.0. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.001.0001.
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As a game-changing technology, robotics naturally will create ripple effects through society. Some of them may become tsunamis. So it’s no surprise that “robot ethics”—the study of these effects on ethics, law, and policy—has caught the attention of governments, industry, and the broader society, especially in the past several years. Since our first book on the subject in 2012, a groundswell of concern has emerged, from the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Campaign Against Sex Robots. Among other bizarre events, a robot car has killed its driver, and a kamikaze police robot bomb has killed a sniper. Given these new and evolving worries, we now enter the second generation of the debates—robot ethics 2.0. This edited volume is a one-stop authoritative resource for the latest research in the field, which is often scattered across academic journals, books, media articles, reports, and other channels. Without presuming much familiarity with either robotics or ethics, this book helps to make the discussion more accessible to policymakers and the broader public, as well as academic audiences. Besides featuring new use-cases for robots and their challenges—not just robot cars, but also space robots, AI, and the internet of things (as massively distributed robots)—we also feature one of the most diverse group of researchers on the subject for truly global perspectives.
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Bontemps, Arna. John Brown’s Friend. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037696.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at John Jones, a free man of color and an outstanding businessman who played an important role in the fight for freedom and equal rights for Negroes in Illinois. Chicago's reputation in the South as a “sink hole of abolitionism” may be credited to the activities of Jones, John Brown, and their abolitionist friends. Among the early abolitionists, Jones was friends with L. C. Paine Freer and Dr. C. V. Dyer. Together they created the Chicago atmosphere so abhorrent to slave-owners and their sympathizers. This chapter considers Jones's North Carolina background and how it may have contributed to the energetic action he took to secure his freedom. It also examines Jones's efforts in leading the Negro struggle against slavery, from making speeches and writing articles to lobbying and helping organize Negro and white groups in every part of the state. Jones lived to see the Negro raised to legal citizenship. He died on May 27, 1879, after a long illness.
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de Marchi, Scott, and Scott E. Page. Agent‐Based Modeling. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0004.
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This article provides a discussion on agent-based modeling. Two examples that show the ability of computational methods to extend game-theoretic results are presented. It then discusses modeling agents, modeling agent interactions, and system behaviour. In addition, it describes how agent-based models differ from and complement mathematical models and concludes with some suggestions for how one might best leverage the strengths of agent-based models to advance political science. Most mathematical analyses of game-theoretic models do not look into the stability and attainability of their equilibria and would be made richer by complementing them with agent-based models that explored those properties. The ability of computational models to test the robustness of formal results would be reason alone to add them to tool kits. As a methodology, agent-based modeling should be considered as in its infancy, its enormous potential limited only by the scientific and creative talents of its practitioners.
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Tabbaa, Yasser. The Production of Meaning in Islamic Architecture and Ornament. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474482189.001.0001.
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The book presents investigative and interpretive articles on some of the most significant monuments and innovative features of medieval Islamic architecture, ornament, and gardens in Syria and Iraq, with comparative expansions into Anatolia, Egypt, North Africa, and Spain. These monuments, many of which have vanished in recent years, are examined within the context of the political divisions and theological ruptures that characterized the Islamic world between the eleventh and mid thirteenth centuries. Although some of these forms—including muqarnas vaulting, proportioned Qur’anic scripts, and cursive public inscriptions—would become ubiquitous in all Islamic architecture, these papers argue that they were produced and systematized within highly contentious political and theological discourses that imbued them with fairly specific meanings. Furthermore, the monumental types that were created in this period—in particular, the madrasa, the hospital, the tribunal (dar al-‘adl), and the citadel palace—represent borrowings from Baghdad, the Abbasid capital and safeguard of Sunni Islam. As such, the reader will be presented with medieval Islamic architecture as a discursive formation that echoes, though on a reduced scale, Abbasid glory and signals future developments in later Islamic architecture.
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UUelcome Matte©: Déltos from Link Starbureiy: an exercise of imagination, creativity, and wonder. The Link Egglepple Starbureiy Museum, 2010.
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Bhattacharyya, Sambit. The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.13.
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This article explores the historical origins of poverty and the root causes of poverty in developing countries. It first considers the theories that explain the root causes (geography, disease, colonial history, slave trade, culture, and technology) of poverty before describing a novel, unified framework that unites these theories. The central thesis is that Western Europe benefited from favorable geography that led to highly productive agriculture, food surpluses, and institutions conducive to development. In contrast, Africa continues to suffer from unfavorable geography and disease. Institutional weaknesses in Latin America and Russia explain their relatively weak long-term economic performance. The article argues that these historical factors matter for contemporary patterns of development across the globe.
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Herrero, Montserrat. Political Discourse of Carl Schmitt. Rowman & Littlefield International, Ltd, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881817442.
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Carl Schmitt is a key figure in modern political thought, but discussion of his work often focuses upon specific elements or themes within his texts. This book provides a wide-ranging discussion of Carl Schmitt’s discourse and provides a new perspective on his contribution, presenting the idea of Nomos of the Earth as the key idea that organizes his political and legal discourse This book creates a ‘reverse genealogy’ of Schmitt’s theoretical system, starting from his legal and political concept of nomos so as to reconstruct his understanding of order. It connects the different topics the Carl Schmitt developed along his intellectual trajectory, which have generally been approached in separate ways by scholars: the legal theory, the concept of the political, the theory of international relations and political theology. The text considers the whole of Carl Schmitt’s work including writings that have been previously unknown to the English speaking academy; old journals with just three or four pages, newspaper articles, manuscripts of conferences, and Festschrifts.Itprovides a balanced examination of the whole complex of Carl Schmitt’s political discourse.
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Novenson, Matthew V. The Grammar of Messianism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255022.001.0001.
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Messianism is one of the great themes in intellectual history. But, precisely because it has done so much important ideological work for the people who have written about it, the historical roots of the discourse itself have been obscured from view. What did it mean to talk about “messiahs” in the ancient world, before the idea of messianism became a philosophical juggernaut? In fact, for the ancient Jews and Christians who used the term, a messiah was not an article of faith, but a manner of speaking. It was a scriptural figure of speech, one among numerous others, useful for thinking kinds of political order: present or future, real or ideal, monarchic or theocratic, dynastic or charismatic, and other variations beside. The early Christians famously seized upon the title “messiah” (in Greek, “Christ”) for their founding hero and thus molded the sense of the term in certain ways, but this is nothing other than what all ancient messiah texts do, each in its own way. If we hope to understand the ancient texts about messiahs, then we must learn to think in terms not of a world–historical idea, but of a language game, of so many creative reuses of an archaic Israelite idiom.
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Wren, Anne. Comparative Perspectives on the Role of the State in the Economy. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0035.
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This article has a comparative perspectives on the role of the state in the economy. It first describes the challenges that are posed to the thesis that state actors possess the instrumental capacity to engage in macroeconomic demand management. It also discusses the literature analyzing the capacity of state actors to effectively intervene on the supply side of the economy to create the conditions for growth, stability, and expansion. The article also presents an outline of how these debates eventually lead to important questions about the relative explanatory power of arguments.
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Silva, Maria Patrícia. Pesquisas sobre Currículos e Culturas: tensões, movimentos e criações. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-87836-56-0.
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The book Research on Curricula and Cultures: tensions, movements and creations, organized by Marlucy Alves Paraíso and Maria Patrícia Silva, it consists of 17 chapters, one of which is an interesting work by a Canadian scholar who investigates state anti-feminism. The other chapters bring results from 16 researches developed by researchers from the Study and Research Group on Curricula and Cultures (GECC), created and coordinated by Marlucy Alves Paraíso, which has researchers from several Brazilian universities and states. The articles in the book combine the post-critical perspectives used to investigate curricula and cultures in their different nuances, addressing silences, power relations, modes of subjectivation and the movements that prevent their fixity. The book brings research results that discuss the possibilities of creating possibilities at school and in other cultural spaces that also have curricula and develop pedagogies, such as: cyberspace, city, health care programs, teacher training programs, educational policies, etc. In addition, curricula are investigated with emphasis on different practices and aspects: childhood, art, music, dance, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, corporality, politics, with research that also innovates methodologically when operating with openings, experiments, do-it-yourself and compositions in different ways. to research curricula without rigidity, although with the necessary rigor in academic research. O livro reconhece de diferentes modos as possibilidades de conexões entre currículos e culturas, e mostra movimentos capazes de operar transgressões apostando em uma cultura porvir.
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Schneider, Jason, Vincent Silenzio, and Laura Erickson-Schroth, eds. The GLMA Handbook on LGBT Health. Praeger, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216969440.
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This comprehensive review is the first handbook on LGBT physical and mental health created by the world's oldest and largest association of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health care professionals. Recent years have seen a flood of high quality research related to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals and families.The GLMA Handbook on LGBT Healthis the first comprehensive resource to gather that knowledge in one place in the service of vital information needs. Both accurate and easy to understand, the two-volume handbook addresses physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as policy decisions affecting the LGBT community from youth through old age. Volume One is devoted to overall health of the population and preventive care, while Volume Two examines disease management. Entries discuss concerns as diverse as HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, domestic violence, depression, heart health, policy and advocacy, and research. The clear but detailed articles in this groundbreaking work will help readers cut through the noise and controversy surrounding scientific advances to make informed choices about their health and well-being.
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Schneider, Jason, Vincent Silenzio, and Laura Erickson-Schroth, eds. GLMA Handbook on LGBT Health. Praeger, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216969457.
Full textAbstract:
This comprehensive review is the first handbook on LGBT physical and mental health created by the world's oldest and largest association of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health care professionals. Recent years have seen a flood of high quality research related to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals and families.The GLMA Handbook on LGBT Healthis the first comprehensive resource to gather that knowledge in one place in the service of vital information needs. Both accurate and easy to understand, the two-volume handbook addresses physical, mental, and emotional health, as well as policy decisions affecting the LGBT community from youth through old age. Volume One is devoted to overall health of the population and preventive care, while Volume Two examines disease management. Entries discuss concerns as diverse as HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, domestic violence, depression, heart health, policy and advocacy, and research. The clear but detailed articles in this groundbreaking work will help readers cut through the noise and controversy surrounding scientific advances to make informed choices about their health and well-being.
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Newton, David E. GMO Food. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400658129.
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Providing an exhaustive background on the history of genetically modified organism (GMO) crops and foods as well as the controversies surrounding these products, this book allows readers to develop their own particular viewpoint on the production and use of GMO substances. Genetic engineering has long been used to impart desirable characteristics to food plants in order to improve crop yield, pest resistance, and herbicide tolerance. Genetic modification of foods, however, has created a storm of controversy everywhere in the world—including the United States. What are the benefits of and risks involved with genetically modified organisms (GMO) and crops? What powerful industry pressures have extended the sale and use of GMO foods and crops globally? And how should consumer food products that involve GM ingredients be labeled? GMO Food: A Reference Handbook addresses these questions and the complex issues involved, allowing readers to fully understand why genetically modified organisms represent one of the most important issues in the 21st century. The book provides clear, factual information and background on the history of genetically modified crops and foods, covering topics such as the historic methods of plant and animal modification (such as cross-breeding) and important discoveries in genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetic engineering, and related fields; the social, political, philosophical, and economic issues that have arisen with these scientific advances; and the laws and regulations that have resulted from the range of attitudes about GMO foods. The book also supplies additional resources for readers performing extensive research in an annotated bibliography of books, articles, reports, and web pages.
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Demopoulos, William, and Peter Clark. The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0005.
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This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.