Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Création d'emplois'
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Hamadama, Nana. "Les obstacles à la création d'emplois dans les petites et moyennes industries des pays en voie de développement : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STETT090.
Full textThe study of the development of the South's countries really took its development after the Second World W ar in a context characterized by the reconstruction of the savings of the European countries destroyed by the conflict, the entry of numerous "underdeveloped" countries in the independence and the distribution of the Ford Mode! in the North's countries. In the prospect of the development of these underdeveloped said countries, sorne theories are elaborated. These are going to take into account the structure of the world eco nom y, in particular of that of the countries of the North, to propose in emerging co un tries a theoretical and ideological frame susceptible to be convenient for them. And so, on the basis of thehypothesis that the underdevelopment is a consequence of the sub-industrialization, the development of the productive sector through the bulks of production was proposed to them. According to main! y three strategies, this approach of industrialization is the abject of a wide use in these countries. But after sorne decades of experience, the results of this mode! of industrialization remain variable according to countries or even continents. If in Asia and in Latin America, we note a substantial progress in the industrial development, in Africa, on the other hand, the productive sector remained quasi-stagnant with a marginal contribution in particular in terms of job creation in spite of the means granted on its transformation. From the middle of the seventies, the branch of industry begins a phase of transformation. We attend the emergence and the development of the small and average structures of production. This category of companies arouses many interests in consideration its characteristics and its capacities to bring answers in particular to the problem ofunemployment. According to sorne approaches and strategies, these structures of production develop as well in the industrial nations as in the developing countries and contribute significantly to the creation of jobs and the wealth, to the distribution of the homes of production and to the local development. But in spite of the importance of small and mediumsized industries (SMSI) in an economy, in particular in terms of job creation, remain sorne obstacles which try to slow down their efforts. The strategy of management of the organized company, the mode of organization of the system in which belongs the company and factors resulting from the environment outside the company are considered as main factors of obstacle to the job creation in SMSI. Considering that the small and medium-sized industries of the Cameroonian economy, in consideration of their bad performance in terms of job creation, put in front of obstacles, we opted for the exogenous approach (that is the obstacles result from the outside environment), which suits to the context of developing countries, to identify and quantify these elements of obstacle. The results of the data analysis obtained from an investigation led to the national leve! with 68 SMSI shows that the obstacles which slow down the job creation in the EC-SMSI result as well from institutions of financing as from public authorities. It is about the absence of the support of public authorities, about the high leve! of the tax system, about the high leve! of the interest rate of the Jo ans and about the conditions of the informal financing. In the prospect of the elaboration of the po licy of job creation by the EC-SMSI atthe national and regionallevels, sorne recommendations are formulated
Karamé, Frédéric. "Créations, suppressions et réalllocations agrégées des emplois en France et aux États-Unis : modélisations et validations économétriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010069.
Full textVollet, Dominique. "Les phénomènes d'induction d'emploi par les fonctions résidentielles et récréatives des espaces ruraux : contribution à une analyse économique du développement rural." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE006.
Full textTthe purpose of this work is to assess to what extent the residential and recreational functions of rural areas (leisure and tourism, retired people and commuters) may, at least in part, replace the more traditional functions (agriculture, industry) in decline as factors of sustainment or even growth of rural areas. Induction phenomena were evaluated by using a version of the economic base theory that was somewhat extended in its concept and method. The concept of economic base was broadened to all activities meeting external demand, wherever that demand was consumed. As for the method, the direct effects (basic jobs) of residential and recreational functions and their induction capacities (multiplier effects) were estimated specifically by time-series regression. Induction phenomena were quantified for six areas in the burgundy and rhone-alpes administrative regions. The results show that in the study regions, the multiplier effects of residential and recreational functions are greater than those of traditional functions. The nature of induction is different in both cases: essentially inter-sector induction (therefore external to the area because of the limited complexity of regional economies) for traditional functions as opposed to mainly wage induction (paid locally in the main) for residential and recreational functions. Nevertheless, even taking induction effects into consideration, the development of residential and recreational functions can only offset the decline in traditional functions in the most attractive areas, i. E those benefiting from the massive influx of tourists or retired people from outside. Altough residential and recreational functions produce substantial induced effects on local employment, their direct effects are too limited in the less endowed areas to substitute fully for the basic agricultural and industrial activities
Tonolo, Philippe. "La S.A.R.S. (Société à responsabilité sociale) comme innovation organisationnelle nécessaire à la réactivation du processus de création d'emplois : ou déterminisme et nécessité en économie." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0106/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of unemployment and of the debt in the economic context—problem that could be regarded as a major issue in our Western contemporary societies. However, it is not with the goal of making some more assessments and additional findings that this research was hired, but in order to try to resolve in a proper manner this problem, fact that, in practice, no single economic theory has been able to obtain so far. These studies focus in particular on the conjecture of full employment and the thesis is based on a threefold ambition: showing how to access to a comprehensive and lasting full employment, proving how to get out of capitalism from an economic point of view, stimulating a scientific revolution in the economic field, as these three subject areas are intrinsically linked. The research aims to explain the reasons that lead to the creation of a new business model — called SARS: Society with a social responsibility. This conceptualization is characterized by three fundamental innovations aimed at giving to the SARS unstoppable competitive benefits, if these companies can compete with existing models (EURL, SARL, SA, SCOP, SNC, SAS, SCIC, SOSE, etc.). The central idea assumes that this model endowed with beneficial emergent properties thanks to powerful competitive benefits, would eventually become dominant in the long term and make disappear the older models that became outdated with regard to this novelty seen as being economically and socially performative. Then, inserted into the economy and set to develop, this innovative entrepreneurial form would contribute to lay the foundations for a new economic system different from capitalism and collectivism. This future economic regime, allowing a change in the distribution of wealth in a small-scale and afterwards in a large-scale, would lead (unlike capitalism) to a comprehensive and lasting full employment. Across the prediction, essential property of the scientific theory, this study intends to provide access keys in order to institute an experimental testing, experimental testing of a reality in the state of becoming, to which each theory has to be submitted to establish its validity. Building on the prospective field, it is trying to provide the description of a possible future to the extent that this thesis got some credits and that the experimental operating would become a success
Enjolras, Bernard. "Services de proximité : politiques sociales et création d'emploi, le cas de l'aide aux personnes agées et de l'accueil de la petite enfance." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010076.
Full textIn order to increase the job creation it is possible to develop activities oriented to the satisfaction of social needs. Four questions are treated : - the dynamic of development of these services - the specificities of the non profit supply - the note of the state - the potentialities of job creation
Kenaan, Mohamad. "La croissance des PME : une étude dans le Nord Pas-de-Calais." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0262.
Full textThis thesis will explore the concept of business growth. It is structured in four chapters sometimes theoretical, sometimes anecdotal. The first one is introductory. It summarizes the work of researchers who question the neoclassical theory of firm growth. Leaving the world of abstraction of this theory, explores the approach, then, models of development stages of the business in their scope and limitations. The second chapter is back on the state of the art research highlighting the most recent contributions on the growth of the company. In the same movement, they are connected to different schools of thought (deterministic vs. Proactive). Finally after this review of the literature, the process moves towards a operationality exposing four models of performance and growth of firms. Capitalizing on their limits, the third chapter proposes new hypotheses and the construction of a causal model. In this alternative, four dimensions that influence growth are identified. They are inherent in the behavior of the leader, the specifics of the company, the strategy and the global environment. Finally, in a first step, the fourth chapter outlines the methodological approach and justifies the appropriateness of the use of two measures of growth in turnover and employment. In a second step (section 2), it returns the results of the empirical study to rectify the causal model proposed. In this self correction, two separate models are developed to predict the growth of revenue and increased employment
Archias, Philippe. "Peut-on réviser les cadres conventionnels du marché du travail pour réduire le chômage en France ? : l'expérience de pactes territoriaux pour l'emploi." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0035.
Full textBiotteau, Alexandre. "Vers une ethnicisation de l'action publique ? : des emplois de médiateurs urbains pour une "nouvelle régulation sociale"." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0044.
Full textUrban mediation jobs are hired by different kinds of institutions and officially aspire to reduce crime and enhance social cohesion. They often work with inhabitants of disadvantaged areas and people of foreign descent while many employees themselves are members of these groups. Urban mediation seemingly implements a communal social control, particularly entrusted to members of the very group it targets, and ethnic groups appear to become new criteria for French public policy. Basing our study on the cognitive analysis of public policy, we examine the social construction of identities in the context of fifteen urban mediation projects. This work introduces the main theories of ethnicity and defines a rigorous methodology to study ethnic groups in the context of a colour-blind Republic. The development of mediators’ jobs is also considered in the light of the history of urban policies implemented in low-income areas to confront three main issues: economic exclusion, the integration of immigrants, and the fight against urban violence. The sociological overview of mediators can be explained by the willingness of recruiters to ensure social proximity between mediators and their audience. Many organizations use these jobs as a cheap auxiliary labour force but other professionals worry their prerogatives are threatened. Then urban mediators inherited a heterogeneous breadth of activities that reveals a certain retreat of the administration from social regulation and the Nation State’s loss of influence in modern societies
Mamadou, Camara. "Atouts et limites de la filière coton au Mali." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2006.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the different aspects of the cotton sector in Mali based on its strengths and limitations through a theoretical approach, applied and field. This sector is the result of a long process that began in the early 20th century. Successive governments after the country’s sovereignty in 1960 reserved a special place in the development of activities directly or indirectly related to cotton. The goal was and is to ensure the country’s participation in international trade through a product for which the economy has positive externalities in terms of foreign exchange earnings and job creation.Our research has allowed us to identify the strengths of the country that actors must improve and endogenous challenges they face, in order to sustain the development of this sector called "space maker" in the heart of an economy still largely dominated by agriculture. The relevance of specialization in cotton production has proven through an econometric model "panel data", which allows to take into account the temporal and spatial structures of cotton production in the country by returning in the regional context of West African countries. The results of the various estimates classify Mali in good position (leader, co-leader or second).This result should reinforce the actors of cotton (states, Malian Textile Development Com¬pany, Producers) and technical and financial partners to do more to improve the competitiveness of the sector, despite the country is experiencing "price taker" in an environment where some major economies (USA, China, Spain) produce the same product, using sometimes questionable means, that penalize the situation of producers in non-developed countries.The crisis that hit the industry in the 2000s has replaced cotton by gold as the first export earnings (INSTAT - Mali 2012, Mainguy et al., 2013). Is this a sufficient argument for abandoning the cotton industry? We do not believe it after seeing during our three field surveys its dynamism and its impact on other sectors. In addition, the impact of cotton production on improving socio¬economic conditions of the population remains essential so that, despite its challenges, it remains a major driver of the country’s economic growth
Guglielminetti, Elisa. "Empirical and theoretical implications of frictional labor markets." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0034.
Full textIn this thesis I take the search and matching framework as the starting point of my analysis to investigate several aspects of the labor market. In Chapter 1, I explore the consequences of uncertainty on the macroeconomy . The empirical analysis shows that uncertainty has a detrimental effect on the aggregate economy and that job creation is an important channel of transmission. The empirical findings are then rationalized through a DSGE model incorporating the DMP setup and featuring stochastic volatility. In Chapter 2, I study the time-varying characteristics of job creation in the US. The econometric setup is a Time-Varying Parameter SVAR (TVP-SVAR) with stochastic volatility. The identification strategy is based on a DSGE model with a frictional labor marketIn Chapter 3, I extend the standard framework to take into account the spatial dimension of job search. Austrian data show the existence of a trade- off between wage and commute time. They also uncover complex patterns in the dynamics of exits from unemployment. Cox-regressions further show that the level of unemployment benefits has a strong discouraging effect on job search. In Chapter 4, I use a random search model to study the sorting of new hires into open-ended and fixed-term contracts. The co-existence of these two types of contracts is explained by match heterogeneity. The match productivity is interpreted as the fit of worker's skills to task requirements. This hypothesis is supported by matched employer-employee data from a large Italian region
Monteiro, Samuel. "L'emploi dans les PME en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD002.
Full textOf the two billion people expected to join the world population by 2050, over half are expected to come from sub-Saharan Africa. With an employed, educated and skilled population, the region could experience rapid and sustained economic growth, but this can only be achieved if countries in sub-Saharan Africa succeed in offering sufficient economic opportunities that can absorb their burgeoning workforce. As such, this research work focuses on the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in addressing sub-Saharan Africa’s significant employment needs and the issues surrounding the formalization of these jobs. Chapter 1 looks at quantitative job creation to determine whether African SMEs have a greater potential for job creation than large firms do. Using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, we test Gibrat's law, which states that size does not influence firm growth. We find that this law does not hold in Sub-Saharan Africa, i.e. small companies create more jobs than large companies. We show that the usual explanations (diminishing returns, the learning effect, optimal size) do not explain this rejection. We present a new hypothesis based on access to capital and argue that small firms have a lower capital-to-labor ratio because they overuse labor input due to financial constraints.Chapter 2 introduces the existing literature on informality in order to better understand the issues surrounding this phenomenon and the determinants that give rise to its widespread presence across sub-Saharan Africa. Chapter 3 explores employees' willingness to join a health insurance system by analyzing their individual preferences. We show that despite the preference for the present and the low aversion to risk that would predispose an individual not to obtain health insurance, employees expressed a significant increase in their willingness to enroll in a health insurance system after receiving information on the role and benefits thereof.Chapter 4 documents the impact of formalization on credit access. Through a probit model, we show that having a formal employment contract increases an employee’s probability of obtaining a bank loan by 23%. We argue that this effect is mainly due to the fact that a greater share of formal workers has a bank account than do informal workers. We find that other factors, such as gender, wage or level of education, do not have a significant impact on credit access
Giry, Yannick. "Capacité entrepreneuriale et intégration territoriale dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais : quel rôle pour les structures d'aides à la création d'entreprises ?" Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010614.
Full textVerley, Élise. "Un nouveau mode de transition professionnelle ? : L'emploi-jeune dans les parcours d'insertion." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-45.pdf.
Full textGeslin, Joe͏̈lle. "Les créations d'employé." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10040.
Full textMamadou, Camara. "Atouts et limites de la filière coton au Mali." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2006/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the different aspects of the cotton sector in Mali based on its strengths and limitations through a theoretical approach, applied and field. This sector is the result of a long process that began in the early 20th century. Successive governments after the country’s sovereignty in 1960 reserved a special place in the development of activities directly or indirectly related to cotton. The goal was and is to ensure the country’s participation in international trade through a product for which the economy has positive externalities in terms of foreign exchange earnings and job creation.Our research has allowed us to identify the strengths of the country that actors must improve and endogenous challenges they face, in order to sustain the development of this sector called "space maker" in the heart of an economy still largely dominated by agriculture. The relevance of specialization in cotton production has proven through an econometric model "panel data", which allows to take into account the temporal and spatial structures of cotton production in the country by returning in the regional context of West African countries. The results of the various estimates classify Mali in good position (leader, co-leader or second).This result should reinforce the actors of cotton (states, Malian Textile Development Com¬pany, Producers) and technical and financial partners to do more to improve the competitiveness of the sector, despite the country is experiencing "price taker" in an environment where some major economies (USA, China, Spain) produce the same product, using sometimes questionable means, that penalize the situation of producers in non-developed countries.The crisis that hit the industry in the 2000s has replaced cotton by gold as the first export earnings (INSTAT - Mali 2012, Mainguy et al., 2013). Is this a sufficient argument for abandoning the cotton industry? We do not believe it after seeing during our three field surveys its dynamism and its impact on other sectors. In addition, the impact of cotton production on improving socio¬economic conditions of the population remains essential so that, despite its challenges, it remains a major driver of the country’s economic growth
Choulet, Céline. "Créations d'emplois publics et performances du marché du travail." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010056.
Full textEl, Hattab Abdelkhaleq. "Les P.M.E. en tant que stratégie de développement économique et de création d'emploi." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8632.
Full textDi, Malta Pierre-Yves. "L'appropriation des créations de salarié." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10022.
Full textThe appropriation of the intellectual creations of a wage-earner has never been the subject of any general legislation. Only the achievements, software programmes and inventions realized by a wageearner benefit from a specific regulation of appropriation. The production of a wage-earner is generally attributed to the latter through the lith of march 1957 act, only exceptionally to the employer in case of a collective achievement. Such unbalance may be levelled off by having recourse to the voluntary transfer of the achieved work. Imposed transfer, by way of signing a labour contract, remains impossible, such contract, neutral by nature, being neither attributable, nor transferable since it is resulting from the employee's labour duties to his employer. The inventions and software productions of employees are attributed to the employer when they are directly relevant to the duties of the employee, but to the employee himself when they are not directly relevant to them. A supplementary remuneration is due in the eventuality of invention pertaining to duty. Some inventions, alien to duty, are optionally attributable to the employer. The system must be improved thanks to a generalization of the extra-remuneration, to a re-definition of the categories of creation, as a result of a correct interpretation of the loyalty obligation of the wage-earner. Such system is based on some legislative fiction. Moreover, it must be reformed if one has to take into account the logic of neutrality of the labour contract regarding the achievement resulting from the labour of the wage-earner. The improved system must be generalized in contractual forms followed by legislative measures to any employee's industrial creations devoid of a specific appropriation regulation. The re-formed system ought to be generalized to all and any creation of an employee. It would ensure the balance between the different protagonists and the unification of solu
Aucouturier, Anne-Lise. "Evaluation des politiques d'emploi et action publique : l'exemple de l'aide aux chômeurs créateurs d'entreprise." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100109.
Full textDuchesne, Guillaume. "Les déterminants des disparités spatiales en matière de création d'entreprises : approche théorique et application aux zones d'emploi françaises." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-19.pdf.
Full textBouzoungoula, Joseph. "Micro-entreprises, commerçants et socialités dans un quartier urbain de Brazzaville." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-17-18.pdf.
Full textWilemme, Guillaume. "Searching on the labor market : theoretical implications and empirical evidence." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0055.
Full textThis PhD dissertation explores the consequences of search activities on three dimensions of the economy: the quality of jobs through the matching between workers and firms, the geographical disparities in unemployment, and the wage growth over the life cycle through job mobility
Metivier, Jean-Philippe. "Relaxation de contraintes globales : Mise en oeuvre et Application." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016976.
Full textLuomaranta, Henri. "Essays in Firm Dynamics, Ownership and Aggregate Effects." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10021/document.
Full textAdministrative registers maintained by statistical offices on vastly heterogeneous firms have much untapped potential to reveal details on sources of productivity of firms and economies alike. It has been proposed that firm-level shocks can go a long way in explaining aggregate fluctuations. Based on novel monthly frequency data, idiosyncratic shocks are able to explain a sizable share of the Finnish economic fluctuations, providing support to the granular hypothesis. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 has challenged the field of economic forecasting, and nowcasting has become an active field. This thesis shows that the information content of firm-level sales and truck traffic can be used for nowcasting GDP figures, by using a specific mixture of machine learning algorithms. The agency problem lies at the heart of much of economic theory. Based on a unique dataset linking owners, CEOs and firms, and exploiting plausibly exogenous variations in the separation of ownership and control, agency costs seem to be an important determinant of firm productivity. Furthermore, the effect appear strongest in medium-sized firms. Enterprise group structures might have important implications on the voluminous literature on firm size, as large share of SME employment can be attributed to affiliates of large business groups. Within firm variation suggests that enterprise group affiliation has heterogeneous impacts depending on size, having strong positive impact on productivity of small firms, and negative impact on their growth. In terms of aggregate job creation, it is found that the independent small firms have contributed the most. The results in this thesis underline the benefits of paying attention to samples encompassing the total population of firms. Researchers should continue to explore the potential of rich administrative data sources at statistical offices and strive to strengthen the ties with data producers
Coutherut, Margaux. "Les textes procéduraux en anglais : création d'une échelle de prototypicalité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC226/document.
Full textProcedural texts play an important part in daily life and yet, studies in this domain are lacking. It is posited that a better knowledge of how they work would help people to write them better. Work on procedural texts is generally done at the crossroads of several disciplines: English for Specific Purposes, Corpus Linguistics, Applied Linguistics and Genre Analysis.Starting with the state of the art on procedural texts, a study of the organizational and linguistic levels of texts compiled in several corpora composed of cooking recipes (considered as the reference), gaine mies, science lab protocols user's guides and safety instructions is carried out. These are then compared with one another in the third part. The aim o: this research is to determine which procedural microgenres are the most prototypical and to establish if the specialised or the non-specialised nature of the text has an influence on its degree of prototypicality. This entails the creation of a scale of prototypicality which takes into account the presence, or absence, of protypical features such as a preponderance of imperative verb forms, the frequency of ellipsis, the length of the texts and of their sentences, the adherence to chronological order, the presence of explanations, a two-part structure (elements used and procedural part) and how the mind processes this sort of text
Osotimehin, Sophie. "Aggregate fluctuations and market frictions:The role of firm and job flows." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705813.
Full textSonko, Seedou Mukthar. "Le tourisme rural et la réduction de la pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965268.
Full textLancesseur, Nicolas. "Macroeconomic scenarios for employment in the socio-ecological transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010043.
Full textThe general objective of this dissertation is the ex ante assessment of the economic policy response needed in the European Union to take up the climate change issue. Moreover, we tried to maximise the employment results of these policies. The results of the scenarios designed in this framework, lead us to the following beliefs: (i) to respect the recommendations of the IPCC, which is an absolute necessity, the political reaction needs to be rapid and strong from now. (ii) Despite the intensity of the policy response, the scale of the endeavours is not so exceptional in a historical perspective, while global warming is definitely a historical challenge. (iii) The economic instruments aiming at reducing GHG emissions will result, if they are well calibrated, in a significant better situation of the European labour market. (iv) However it would be very dangerous to wait for climate mitigation policies that could selve also completely the labour market issue, because such policies are unlikely to exist. Indeed, the European labour market currently faces serious difficulties and will face important structural risks in the next decades. It is a good thing if the mitigation policies participate to the solution, but the structural disequilibrium of labour market requires a much larger response from policy makers. One of the policy response scenarios led us to make an empirical investigation to verify the credibility of one modelling choice we made. Then, we developed an original econometric mode! aiming to capture the effect of the preferences change on consumption. We used therefore the Kalman fil ter to estimate this bias of preference changes in a consumption demand system in the framework of a panel data model. Severa! structural changes independent of prices or income motions, such as the rise in environmental, health, and well-being concems, are captured by our estimations. Moreover, the empirical results provided by the mode! confirm that the consumers behaviour changes simulated in the scenario built in the first part, are in a reasonable order of magnitude
Lopez, Rizzo Humberto Cesar. "La place des PME dans les exportations, la croissance, l'emploi et l'innovation : une approche empirique et comparative." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010083.
Full textBen, el Maati Abdelkader. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) : facteurs de développement humain : cas de la Région Méknès-Tafilalet au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100109/document.
Full textThis study tries to answer the question: the information technology and communication (ICT) to help they create jobs in Morocco and which jobs they generate income sufficient enough to allow the ICT actors some, take responsibility for their basic needs (food, clothing, housing, health care) and for others to live a better life (getting married, having its own housing, social security, means of transport, access to leisure, to save). Taking into account the one hand, the standard of living of the majority and secondly the social and religious culture of Morocco, the concept of human development is reduced mainly to improve material conditions of life. To test the hypothesis, a survey was carried out in the Départment of Meknes-Tafilalet in Morocco. This study, based on data from 239 respondents throught questionnaire practicing in 113 companies (phone shops, cafes, call centers, operators, public administration) and on interviews and testimonies from 24 users) showed that the economic, ICT activities struggle against unemployment by providing employment even those who have no training in the field and provide access to various indices of the hierarchy of human development and in proportion to the level of qualification. On the social services provided by ICT (Internet, telephony, and nearby transmission of sports events and political, social networks, ATM services, e-government and e-governance ...) have made a great user satisfaction. However, the study revealed that ICT also have negative impacts on society (cybercrime, job loss, reduction in income..) and on the environment
Yassin, Shaimaa. "Labor market search frictions in developing countries : evidence from the MENA region : Egypt and Jordan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010004/document.
Full textPolicy prescriptions for poor developing countries struggle to expand employment opportunities toraise their income levels. Among these are the MENA Arab countries that have recently experiencedan unprecedented tide of popular uprisings following the rising poverty, inequality and exclusion, muchof which is related to the labor market. Since the flow approach to labor markets has become the basic toolbox to modern labor economics, this thesis has at its central insight explaining the functioning ofthose specific labor markets, particularly the Egyptian and Jordanian, using the search equilibrium theory. It looks at analyzing job accession, separations and mobility trends. Overall, evidence of highlevels of rigidity is revealed. The impact of introducing flexible employment protection regulations in these rigid markets is then discussed both empirically and theoretically. Findings show that lowering firing costs in Egypt increased significantly the job separations, but had no impact on job creations.This partial failure of the liberalization reform is interpreted theoretically by a crowding out effect due to increased corruption set up costs or increased public sector wages. A novel theoretical matching model a la Mortensen Pissarides is developped allowing for the existence of public, formal private and informal private sectors, reflecting the particular nature of developing countries. Workers’ movements up the job ladder is then explored through a structural estimation of the frictional parameters in a job search model a la Burdett Mortensen. These markets are found to have very high levels of search frictions especially among the young workers. Given the non-availability of panel data to study labor market flows, longitudinal retrospective panel datasets are extracted from the Egypt and Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys. These panels are then compared to available contemporaneous crosssectional information, showing that they suffer from recall and design measurement erros. An original methodology is therefore proposed and developped to correct the biased labor market transitionsboth on the aggregate macro-level, using a Simulated Method of Moments (SMM), as well as on themicro-individual transaction level, using constructed micro-data weights
Abdelnour, Sarah. "L'auto-entrepreneur aux marges du salariat : de la genèse aux usages d'un régime dérogatoire de travail indépendant." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0083.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the French autoentrepreneur regime that results in a taxation and social security exemption system for the self-employed workers. It came into force in 2009 as a public program wich institutionalises the plurality of incomes while offering to scale-up access to business creation. Based on a multi-sited public action ethnography, at the crossroads between political sociology and labour sociology, the inquiry study apprehends the device starting from its inception down to its re-appropriation via its dissemination through implementing agents and communication campaigns. The archives and the interviews allow to seize the progression of the autoentrepreneur political device up to the diverse stages of negociation. The field survey among the users and the political actors enables a subtle approach of both their tracks and the way they justify their commitment. The inquiry shows how the autoentrepreneur apparatus - wich was initiated by a neoliberal Junior Minister - has been able to overcome the political game (first by narrowing the sphere of public consultation, second by presenting it a social policy tool) and has managed to stir up one million registrations within three years (with job insecurity explaining this "success"). The autoentrepreneur regime turns out to function as a mechanism that enables both an adjustment of precariousness and an overlapping in income, therefore reinforcing the labour market dualization. As such, the organization of cumulative payments and the injunction to autonomy combined with the invisibilization of domination relations, participate to the dismantling of the wage-earners model both materially and symbolically