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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Creative labour'
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Oakley, Kate. "Creative industries and the politics of New Labour." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11884/.
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This thesis examines the development of policy towards the creative industries in the UK in the period 1997-2008. It argues that this can be seen in the light of New Labour's understanding of the knowledge economy, an understanding that influenced its development of education and social policy, as well as economic policy. It thus provides a unique insight into New Labour politics in general. The thesis asserts that New Labour's account of the knowledge economy was a deterministic one, which took its cue from what it believed to be long-term social and economic trends. In this, it is consistent with other critiques of New Labour politics, which argue that it can be seen as a development of prevailing neoliberal ideas (Hay 1999; Thompson 2002; Finlayson 2003; Clarke 2004); but in this case, I argue, it is a variety of neoliberalism that is heavily influenced by institutionalism (Bevir 2005). The importance of institutionalist ideas can be seen in the emphasis in creative industries policy on networks, characterised by social and ethical norms, as opposed to a neoliberal focus purely on marketisation. New Labour produced an essentially benign account of the knowledge economy; the creative industries were capable of producing 'good work', which offered opportunities for highly skilled labour. In addition, because of its links to popular culture, they could offer inclusion through work, for those deemed socially excluded. I argue that this account continued throughout the period under examination, despite mounting evidence, discussed in several of the publications below, that the creative industries produce labour markets that are highly unequal in terms of race and class. It is in attitudes to the labour market that the failures of New Labour's creative industries policy can be seen most sharply. The roots of that failure, and what it tells us about New Labour's creative industries policy, is the subject of the thesis.
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Clare, K. "'Creative' careers : gender, social networks and labour market inequality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597698.
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This thesis examines gender inequality in the ‘new economy’, and specifically looks at gendered patterns of work in the advertising industry through a micro-level social network perspective. This study focuses on the advertising industry because it is an exemplar of a project-based creative industry in the knowledge-based ‘new economy’ where project work is becoming more common and careers are constructed as portfolios of previous experiences rather than life-time employment by one employer. In these creative industries, despite the rhetoric of flexibility, egalitarianism and non-hierarchical structures, I show how categorical inequalities (in particular gender) shape labour market outcomes, demonstrating how gender is often more important than performance in facilitating career trajectories of workers. In contrast to the all-encompassing and simplistic notions of ‘social networks’ commonly employed in much of economic geography, I unpack the concept of social networks and specify how social networks confer advantages, and document what those advantages are so we know why it matters who you know. First, I show that personal ties are important because they direct the flow of power, information, and help workers acquire legitimacy, skills, and jobs. Second, I demonstrate there are important differences in men’s and women’s social networks, which drive differences in the opportunity structures available to men and women. Third, I show how men and women have different ‘creative biographies’ and different experiences of project-based work. Fourth, my thesis develops a specifically geographical understanding of workers’ careers, showing how an appreciation of place-based cultures of working and socialising are crucial to an understanding of employment patterns. Finally, I provide policy implications. Overall, I demonstrate that micro-level processes contribute to macro-level patterns of gender inequality. Crucially, these findings assert the importance of micro-level social networks in determining labour market outcomes.
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Codsi, Stephanie. "Self-annihilation and creative labour in the poetry of William Blake." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682690.
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This thesis explores the implications of creative labour in Blake's use of the term 'self-annihilation'. It finds that the critical consensus of self-annihilation as forgiveness is insufficient, and argues that the figure of Los, through his continual building of Golgonooza, is central to the annihilation of selfhood. In Blake, creative labour is effected through the interdependence of inspiration and composition, and is evoked in Los's presence in the scenes of self-annihilation. Although inspiration is largely conceived of as a passive experience, foregrounded in Blake's statement in a,letter to Thomas Butts that the 'Authors' of Jerusalem 'are in Eternity', it operates as a necessary counterpart to the act of composition. Focusing mainly on The Four Zoas, Milton and Jerusalem, the thesis foregrounds the activity of creative labour through a contrast with various analogues of the passive self. Whilst the thrust of this thesis is upon creative labour, I also show how far the annihilation of selfhood occurs in Blake through prophecy, sex, and - to some extent - motherhood. These states or experiences are found to share similar imagery and concerns with creative self-annihilation: inspiration, rapture, possession and sacrifice all figure in analogous, albeit problematic ways.
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Conor, Bridget Elizabeth. "Screenwriting as creative labour : pedagogies, practices and livelihoods in the new cultural economy." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/2642/.
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This thesis analyses screenwriting as an exemplary and idiosyncratic form of creative labour in the ‘new cultural economy’ and specifically, in the contemporary UK screen production industry. Using a critical sociological framework combined with a neo-Foucauldian understanding of work and subjectivity, a series of explicit analytical connections are made in this project, between screenwriting, creative labour and the new cultural economy. I contend that screenwriting, as a form of creative labour which in many ways eschews the term ‘creative’, is an instructive, timely case study precisely because it agitates traditional dichotomies - between creativity and craft, art and commerce, individual and collaborative work - in pedagogy and practice. After tracing the dynamics of this form of creative work in theoretical, discursive and historical terms, I then analyse how screenwriting is constructed, taught and practiced as labour in three areas: ‘How-to’ screenwriting manuals, pedagogical locations for screenwriting in the UK and British screenwriters’ working lives. At each site, I focus on how craft and creativity are defined and experienced, how individual and collective forms of work are enacted at different locations and what implications these shifting designations have. Screenwriting within the mainstream Hollywood and British film industries in the contemporary moment demands particular and complex forms of worker subjectivity in order to distinguish it from other forms of filmmaking and writing, and to make the work knowable and do-able. I follow the voices of screenwriters and those who teach and instruct about screenwriting across the fieldwork sites and analyse the ways in which they calculate, navigate and make sense of the screen production labour market in which they are immersed. The theatrical, mythic and practical navigations of screenwriters in pedagogy and practice that are the centre of this thesis offer an antidote to impoverished, economistic readings of creativity, craft and creative labour in contemporary worlds of work.
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Rowan, Jaron. "The creative industries and the cultural commons : transformations in labour, value and production." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8022/.
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The following work constitutes an inquiry into the economic, social and political composition of what are commonly known as the cultural or creative industries. My aim is to provide a critique of the discursive origins, political dimensions, economic models and subjective constructions that shape the complex set of practices and discourses that comprise the creative industries. To do so, this work looks into the production of a set of schemes, policies, plans, economic models, modes of labour, regulations and discourses that have been designed in order to transform cultural practices into economic activities. I will contextualize these transformations within a general framework of what has been branded ‘cognitive capitalism’, acknowledging that this process needs to be understood with reference to the neoliberalization of the wider economy through focusing on a set of changes in the nature of labour, value and creativity. I then attempt to understand the ecosystem in which the creative industries are enmeshed. In order to do so, I will discuss the notion of the cultural commons: the pools of collective ideas and knowledge from which these enterprises capture their raw material. Not only will this give an understanding of the nature of the sources of knowledge and ideas that feed the creative industries but will also to provide a good opportunity to understand the communities, objects and relations that shape them. Finally there is a discussion on the tensions, bifurcations and alternatives that escape the hegemonic economic models promoted by policy. This will open up possibilities in which to think of forms of self-organization and commons-based cultural enterprises that might provide new spaces in which the economy and culture can meet.
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Ozimek, Anna Maria. "Videogame work in Poland investigating creative labour in a post-socialist cultural industry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22074/.
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The Polish videogame industry has come a long way from its origins on the grey markets in the Polish People’s Republic to its recognition as a national speciality. However, in this atmosphere of celebration, and in the promise of securing its bright future from the government, there is one element rarely present in these discussions – the industry’s workforce. While video games that are developed, localised and tested in Poland are played by people all over the world, the working lives of the people who contribute to these games’ development are under- explored. This research investigates Polish videogame practitioners’ interpretations and negotiations of the risk associated with working in the Eastern European videogame industry. An investigation of working in the Polish videogame industry is not only a matter of discussing working practices and the unstable nature of being employed in videogame production but also about discussing the changes in approaches to work and cultural production in the context of a post-socialist country. This research is inspired by autonomist Marxism and neo-Foucauldian theoretical frameworks widely used in studies about creative labour (Gill and Pratt, 2008; McRobbie, 2016; Gill, 2011a; 2002; Scharff, 2018; Dyer-Witheford and de Peuter, 2009). Videogame practitioners’ approach to the risk associated with working in videogame production is conceptualised through a discussion of the construction and negotiation of entrepreneurial subjectivities. However, in this research, I acknowledge the limitations of these theoretical frameworks by addressing their deterministic stances in discussing creative workers’ subjectivities (e.g. Scharff, 2018). This study overcomes this limitation by drawing on alternative approaches in discussing workers’ subjective experiences of work (Hesmondhalgh and Baker, 2011; Banks et al. 2013; Taylor and Littleton, 2012).
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Taylor, Madeline. "Technical skill, emotional intelligence, and creative labour: The collaborative work of costume realisation." Thesis, University of Melbourne, 2021. https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/295015.
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Over the last few decades, the creative practice of costume designers, primarily responsible for conceptualising the costume design, has increasingly received welcome and deserved recognition. However, the creative practice of costume technicians responsible for planning, sourcing, and constructing the costumes are less recognised and valued. This position is predominantly due to historically determined prejudices around creativity and craft work, and the hierarchical structures of theatre-making. In response to this longstanding devaluing, this thesis asks, what does a close study of costume technicians’ work reveal about the costume workshop's creative practices and social dynamics?The thesis hypothesises that costume technicians’ work in design realisation has three main domains: technical, emotional, and creative. In this thesis, I argue the importance and contribution of technicians’ emotional intelligence and creative labour, alongside their technical skills, in their collaboration with designers. I evidence this through exploring these two domains’ deployment in the collaborative mechanisms of costume design development.
Linguistic ethnography is used to investigate this topic. As a methodology, linguistic ethnography marries ethnographic fieldwork with linguistic analysis, which I supplement with interviews with industry practitioners and extensive design theory. Comprehensive ethnographic studies of three sizeable Australian theatre costume workshops enable a detailed examination of costume design realisation and the collaborative partnership of costume technicians and designers. This generative methodology is novel to the costume field and establishing its value for costume research is one of the new knowledge contributions this thesis makes.
This thesis contributes to costume practice and research through its explication of costume realisation’s collaborative processes. Three key findings emerged from the study. Firstly, the importance of the costume community of practice in learning the values, behaviours and boundaries of creative decision making, secondly the creative contributions costume technicians make to the design development during the costume realisation process due to their interpretive role, and thirdly how the strict hierarchies of costume labour are negotiated by the people working within them. It further identifies several collaborative mechanisms consistently used in costume realisation to simultaneously align collaborator’s various interpretations of the intended design and the trust between them. Overall, this thesis enables an expanded understanding of the design realisation process, and the emotional intelligence and creative judgement required by costume work.
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McRobbie, Angela. "Art world, rag trade or image industry? : a cultural sociology of British fashion design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7359.
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This thesis argues that the distinctiveness of contemporary British fashion design can be attributed to the history of education in fashion design in the art schools, while the recent prominence and visibility is the result of the expansion of the fashion media. Fashion design had to struggle to achieve disciplinary status in the art schools. Tarnished by its associations with the gendered and low status practice of the dressmaking tradition, and then in the post war years, with the growth of mass culture and popular culture, fashion educators have emphasised the conceptual basis of fashion design. Young fashion designers graduating from art school and entering the world of work develop an occupational identity closer to that of fine artists. This is a not unrealistic strategy given the limited nature of employment opportunities in the commercial fashion sector. But as small scale cultural entrepreneurs relying on a selfemployed and freelance existence, the designers are thwarted in their ability to maintain a steady income by their lack of knowledge of production, sewing and the dressmaking tradition. The current network of urban `micro-economies' of fashion design are also the outcome of the enterprise culture of the 1980s. Trained to think of themselves primarily as creative individuals the designers are ill-equipped to develop a strategy of collaboration and association through which their activities might become more sustainable. While the fashion media has also played a key role in promoting fashion design since the early 1980s, they are overwhelmingly concerned with circulation figures. They produce fashion images which act as luxurious environments for attracting advertising revenue. Consequently they carry little or no coverage on issues relating to employment or livelihoods in fashion. But their workforce is also creative, casualised and freelance. In each case, these young workers are the product of the shift in the UK to an emergent form of cultural capitalism comprising of low pay and the intensification of labour in exchange for the reward of personal creativity. This current sociological investigation aims to open the debate on the potential for the future socialisation of creative labour.
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Enaholo, Patrick Emakhu Enaholo. "Cultural context of creative labour : an empirical study of new media work in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12129/.
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My study had two aims: first, to find out the extent to which claims about new media work that result from research in the West apply in the Nigerian context; and second, to investigate how new media workers in Nigeria negotiate the specificities of their cultural context. Its purpose was therefore to examine the experiences of new media workers in Nigeria, how these diverge from claims made around such work in Western-based literature and what these experiences suggest about new media and creative labour in Nigeria. To fulfill these aims, I conducted field research in Lagos, Nigeria through two focus group sessions with eight managers and owners of new media companies, interviews with thirty-five new media workers, and participant observation at a Lagos-based new media company. The study came up with two main findings. First, that the specific features of new media work in Nigeria are manifestations of broader themes which define the cultural context or ̳way of life‘ of people in Nigeria. Therefore, adverse conditions like software piracy, infrastructural breakdown and ethnic differentiation in new media work can be understood as manifestations of broader features of the Nigerian cultural context, namely, precariousness, entrepreneurialism and social networking. Second, that new media workers‘ negotiation of these conditions produce outcomes that have positive, instrumental and emancipatory dimensions. Specifically, I showed how software piracy contributes to the sustenance of a moral economy, how the negotiation of infrastructural breakdown manifests an entrepreneurialism of improvisation and how the mobilization of ethnicity leads to the formation of associative ties. Overall, my study foregrounds the relevance of cultural context in discourses about new media and, more generally, creative work in the cultural industries and, in so doing, offers a different perspective to analyses about such work in developing contexts of the Global South.
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Ahmad, Rohail. "'Pure Mafia', a novel about child labour, plus thesis and commentary." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7666.
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This PhD in Creative Writing consists of three parts. The first part is a full-length novel, approximately 80K words, entitled Pure Mafia. It is a drama about child labour and the Pakistani “carpet mafia”. This is intertwined with the story of an unhappily married man undergoing a midlife crisis who has an affair with a younger woman; the latter is instrumental to the main plot about child labour. The book’s second main theme is British Pakistanis. An overarching theme is abuse and exploitation, both personal and global, but ultimately of redemption and renewal. The story is set in 2010/2011, mainly in London, England, with a middle section in Lahore, Pakistan. The second part is an academic thesis, approximately 20K words, entitled Cheap Labour = Child Labour, on the main theme of the novel, child labour. It attempts to show that child labour is an inevitable consequence of cheap labour generally, and that the only way to tackle child labour is to address cheap labour. The thesis has been consciously and deliberately written as an objective, third person, standalone document and for this reason does not mention the novel. It is partly designed to fulfil the general PhD criterion of demonstrating scholarship and research. The third part is a subjective, first person critical commentary, approximately 15K words, on the writing of the novel and the thesis, the connection between them, and the research context; it is entitled Pure Mafia: A critical commentary. It explains why the main thesis is on child labour, rather than on the creative process or an English Literature thesis; however, the commentary does include in some detail an insight into the creative process, as well as a discussion of influences and tradition of writing. The final section of the commentary summarises this entire PhD’s original contribution to knowledge.
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Crawford, Bryan D. "Understanding the 'blended creative': Examining a new role in screen media production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180894/1/Bryan_Crawford_Thesis.pdf.
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This project identifies an emergent creative profession that leverages the benefits of affordable production technologies and digital distribution platforms to service small- to medium-sized advertising clients. It employs a practice-led research approach that aligns reflective practice theory and a critical review of existing literature with four industry-based case studies from my own professional practice. It argues that this emergent profession—called the 'blended creative'— services clients who previously lacked the resources to produce high-quality advertising content, and calls for a process of ongoing learning and openness to change in order to navigate the precarity of a creative career.
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Brydges, Taylor. "Made in Canada : The strategies, spaces and working lives of independent designers in the Canadian fashion system." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325176.
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Drawing on 87 interviews with independent fashion designers and key informants, this thesis is a collection of papers which aim to explore the strategies, spatial dynamics and working lives of independent fashion designers in the Canadian fashion industry. The majority of fashion design firms in Canada are small independent businesses, typically run by an individual or pair of designers, with few employees. Independent fashion designers create unique small businesses, produce high quality garments defined by the label ‘made in Canada,’ strategically mobilize physical and virtual spaces within the national system, and yet, the long-term viability of these businesses is far from certain. The Canadian fashion industry is facing a number of systemic challenges relating to wider institutional and policy weaknesses that make it difficult to grow a long-term domestic or international fashion business. However, the findings also suggest that a key strength of the Canadian fashion system is that it offers a variety of spaces for designers of different sizes, scales, and motivations. Throughout this thesis lies the tension between the quest for independence and creative freedom, which often comes at the cost of highly precarious entrepreneurial and labouring conditions. This thesis contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of ‘second tier’ fashion cities and regional systems, the entrepreneurial motivations and working lives of independent fashion designers, the locational choice decisions and the mobility of patterns of creative workers in the digital age, and the evolving nature of intermediation and value creation within the fashion industry.
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Watson, Allan. "Sound practice : a relational economic geography of music production in and beyond the recording studio." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10432.
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This thesis develops a relational geography perspective on creative work and practice, with a specific focus on the recording studio sector. Drawing on an extensive social network analysis, a questionnaire survey, and nineteen semi-structured interviews with recording studio engineers and producers in London (UK), the thesis reveals how recording studios are constituted by a number of types of relations. Firstly, studios are spaces that involve a material and technological relationality between studio workers and varied means of production. Studios are material and technological spaces that influence and shape human actions and social inter-actions. Secondly, studios are sites of relationality between social actors, including engineers, musicians and artists. The thesis reveals how the ability to construct and maintain social relations, and perform emotional labour , is of particular importance to the management of the creative process of producing and recording music, and to building the individual social capital of studio workers. Finally, the thesis argues that studios are sites of changing employment relations between studio workers and studio as employer. In the recording studio sector, a complex and changing set of employment practices have re-defined the relationship between employee and employer and resulted in a set of employment relations characterised by constant employment uncertainty for freelance studio workers. It is argued that the three types of relations revealed in this thesis, manifest at a multiplicity of geographical scales, construct recording studios as distinctive social and economic creative spaces. In conclusion, it is argued that a relational perspective is central to progressing geographical accounts of creative work and of project-based industries in general.
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Allen, Kimberly. "Young Women and the Performing Arts: Creative Eduacation, New Labour And The Remaking of the Young Female Self." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498190.
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Geyer, Sunelle. "Determining originality in creative literary works." Thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06142006-122413.
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Simon, Godwin Iretomiwa. "Digital Nollywood: Implications of digital distribution for the Nigerian video industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235388/1/Godwin%2BIretomiwa%2BSimon%2BThesis.pdf.
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This thesis analyses the implications of digital distribution for the Nigerian video industry (Nollywood). Following a media industry studies research framework and drawing from interviews with more than 50 industry stakeholders, this project argues the advent of digital distribution has opened formal pathways to transnational capital and audiences hitherto unseen in Nollywood. Yet rather than a rational and linear transition away from the industry’s historical informal dynamics, the emergence of streaming services in Nollywood has been marked by complexity, contradiction, and ambivalence through what I suggest are ‘pluriformalising’ market mechanisms.
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Sánchez, Serra Daniel. "Determinants of the concentration of creative industries in Europe: a comparison between Spain, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377431.
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La tesis analiza los determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas utilizando microdatos de empresas. Se utiliza un modelo adaptado para distinguir el efecto de las fuerzas económicas generales y de las fuerzas específicas creativas sobre la localización de las industrias creativas. El modelo se aplica a los sistemas locales de trabajo de cinco países europeos: Francia, Italia, Portugal, España y Reino Unido. Los resultados revelan que las economías externas tradicionales (economías de localización y de urbanización) afectan a la localización de las industrias creativas y se complementan con fuerzas específicas creativas. Además, se observan diferencias a nivel nacional y supra-nacional con relación a los principales determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas. El estudio constituye así pues una base empírica para el diseño de políticas destinadas a estimular la capacidad de los territorios para atraer la creatividad y la innovación, según los objetivos definidos por la Comisión Europea.This thesis examines the determinants of localisation of creative industries by using plant-level microdata. The thesis proposes a model tailored to differentiate the effect of general-economic and specific-creative forces on the localisation of creative industries. The model is applied to the local labour systems of five European countries, namely, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. On the one hand, the results show that traditional external economies (localisation and urbanisation externalities) affect the location of creative industries, complemented by the effect of specific creative forces. On the other hand, differences are observed at the national level and at the supra-national level with regard to the main drivers fostering the localisation of creative industries. The results offer a novel insight into the determinants of location of creative industries. The work provides thus some empirical basis for the design of policies that may boost the capacity of territories for creativity and innovation, in line with the objectives set out by the European Commission.
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Gee, Narelle. "Maintaining our rage: Inside Australia's longest-running music video program." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/85665/10/Narelle_Gee_Thesis.pdf.
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This research presents an insider's account of rage, Australia's longest-running music video program. The research's significance is that there has been scarce scholarly analysis of this idiosyncratic ABC program, despite its longevity and uniqueness. The thesis takes a reflective and reflexive narrative journey across rage's decades, presenting the accounts of the program makers, aided by the perspective of an embedded researcher, the program's former Series Producer. This work addresses the rage research gap and contributes to the scholarly discussion on music video and its contexts, the ABC, public service broadcasting, creative labour, and the cultural sense-making of television producers.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional labour councils and local employment generation the South Coast Labour Council, 1981-1996 /." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed 16 April 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2001. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Wilton, Jessica E. "Bohemian Enterprises: Modernism, Creative Labor, and Cultural Production, 1913-1962." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/930.
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Contrary to popular images of elite and isolated bohemian coteries of early twentiethcentury Paris, New York, and London, the group of writers and artists known as modernists were surprisingly involved in the popular creative industries of their moment. From the 1910s through the 1950s, modernist writers and artists founded presses, design studios, magazines, theater companies, and architectural schools. They also worked directly with corporate media entities, in order to subsidize independent projects and contribute to the artistic character of the medium. My dissertation asks how modernists positioned their creative enterprises in relation to mass cultural industries, and how their literary and cinematic works characterized creative labor in its relation to dominant modes of mass production at the time. My core argument is that the strategies, tactics, and experiments modernists devised as entrepreneurs and freelancers were consistent with their formal and thematic critique of mass culture, as they explored, critiqued, offered alternatives to, and cautiously collaborated with cultural industries. Wyndham Lewis’s interior design and magazine projects asserted autonomy from culture industries through satire, whereas Gertrude Stein claimed to have devised more advanced self-promotional techniques than Hollywood’s. While Lewis and Stein maintained distance from culture industries, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Nathanael West, and Ben Hecht worked directly for Hollywood studios. They were hardly Hollywood boosters, however, and sought to maintain boundaries between their literary and Hollywood careers by publishing critical fiction about the film industry. Orson Welles, a cinematic modernist worked sporadically in Hollywood, but also pursued independent production solutions through which he allegorized the plight of postwar political and economic exiles from the film community. Taken together, I ask how these efforts may have begun to lay out principles for the kind of flexible, contingent modes of labor that under the banner of creativity have now become pervasive.
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Reynolds, Nicholas. "Sense and Creative Labor in Rainer Maria Rilke's Prose Works." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18350.
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Although Rainer Maria Rilke is one of the most widely-read poets in the world and there are mountains of secondary literature on his poetry, his prose works are not given nearly so much attention. The present study is a reading of several of those works, with particular attention given to the role that the senses and creative labor play there. I begin with his "Ur-geräusch" essay (1919), in which Rilke reveals a fascination with the phonograph and a certain jealousy of its abilities. The phonograph provides a model for creative labor, as well as clues about Rilke's thinking on the relationship between this process of creation and the senses. There is an original synesthetic moment when, as a child in his science classroom, Rilke sees the phonograph translating the vibrations received by the horn and carving them into the wax and in turn hears his and the voices of his classmates played back through that horn. This moment in which the senses are blurred together perplexes him and he is left to make sense of this experience for years afterward.
With the Geschichten vom lieben Gott (1900), the question turns to the relationship between creative labor and creation as such. The primordiality that was revealed in the sound produced by the phonograph is the subconscious for Rilke, which is our connection to the divine. Although we have been severed from that divine source, we are able to produce it through certain circumstances, viz. through our intersubjective interactions, especially storytelling. We also cultivate it through labor, if we are able to do it: we are stuck in the "Seventh Day," unable to work for the most part, which is the particular plight of Malte Laurids Brigge (1910). He undergoes the necessary transformation to do labor, a certain deconstruction of the self, but is unable to complete the circuit by expressing this change through his works. Auguste Rodin (1903), Rilke's monograph on the sculptor, shows us the ideal artist: able to dig up the tremendous energies of the subconscious and to channel them into great works.
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Kallas, Johnnie. "Traversing the Desolate Terrain: Creative Experimentation within Union Strategy." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1401622170.
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Gambles, Richenda. "Creating hard-working, responsible parents : a new labour structure of feeling." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548068.
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This thesis uses and extends Raymond Williams' (1961; 1977) structure of feeling approach to locate a mood about parenting during the New Labour years, and to consider what this approach can reveal about the presence, power and position of policy in parents' lives. It adapts the structure of feeling approach in two particular ways: by including interviews alongside policy and popular cultural sources; and by extending the notion of feeling to include personal feelings and their interaction with the wider public mood. These aclaptions were particularly relevant for a subject as personal as parenting, and for a cultural context which placed so much attention on the personal and personal responsibilities for monitoring and supervising the self (Giddens, 1991; Rose, 1999). In locating and analysing the structure of feeling, the thesis draws on the concepts of ideological dilemmas and interpretative repertoires which have been described as a range of competing ideologies that make up beliefs, values, practices and wisdoms of particular cultures, and a range of different rhetorical resources people have available to them to discuss and make sense of the dilemmas (Billig, 2001; Edley, 2001). In identifying three particular dilemmas - about the genclered nature of parenting, expertise about parenting, and work in the context of parenting - the thesis locates dominant and alternative ideas about parenting which point to a structure of feeling that is full of contestation which is managed through discourses of 'choice' and 'what works'. The thesis explores the personal responsibilities placed on parents for managing these dilemmas and the strategies they deploy to do this, and reveals that these strategies can vary according to parents' personal dispositions but also their social positionings. This thesis demonstrates the usefulness and significance of the structure of feeling approach for locating and understanding social inequalities and their (lack of) transformation in a cultural era emphasising the personal and personal responsibility.
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Brackney, Scott S. "Caravanserai: An architectural solution for 21st century labor mobility." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337289001.
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Li, Jianmei, and Jianmei Li. "Judged Creative: A Study of A Paradox." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624107.
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Inspired by Michael Foucault’s "technologies of the self" and Jacques Rancière's idea of the politics of aesthetics, specifically, his concept of "the distribution of the sensible", this thesis examines two groups of people who actively pursue creativity in China today: first, a group of Chinese youth who seek their identity as creative writers through their participation in the Xin Gainian Zuowen Dasai, or the New Concept Writing Competition, held by Mengya magazine since 1998; second, a group of men and women who are grouped together under the name of "Dafen painters", who pursue their creative identities as oil painters either for their own artistic dreams or for better lives. Through these two cases, this thesis explores the relationship between creative practices and individuals’ identity formation, and attempts to achieve a better understanding of how the formation of these identities relate to broader desires for creative identity in China’s society today.
This paper argues that an individual's own desire for creative expression and recognition in fact acts to diminish their ability to engage in truly creative expression, and that the attempts at recognition reconfigure groups to block individuals from finding opportunities to express their creative identities.
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Van, Der Merwe Christine. "Creating a new underclass : labour flexibility and the temporary employment services industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003079.
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The core of the research focuses on the Temporary Employment Services (TES) Industry and its ability to provide labour flexibility for a number of client firms. The underlying notion that work is changing and becoming more flexible creates an exploratory realm for the concept of non-standard employment. The thesis draws on the conceptual model of the „flexible firm‟ and argues that the rise in non-standard forms of employment, particularly temporary employment within the TES industry, is primarily a result of the demand for labour flexibility. The TES industry that offers „labour on demand‟ is found to be an extremely secretive industry that is diverse in both its structure and services. The thesis reveals that the clients within the triangular employment relationship (TER) are reaping the most benefits especially with regard to escaping their obligations as the employer. The thesis explores human resource practices, unfair labour practices and the extensive loopholes exploited by the TES industry because of poor regulation. Consequently, the industry creates an „underclass‟ that is unprotected, insecure and easily exploitable. Qualitative research techniques were used in the form of semi-structured interviews. The thesis provides insights into the demand and supply of temporary workers in Port Elizabeth and addresses the problems associated with a TER and the TES industry as a whole.
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Roy, Vishalakshi. "Navigating multiple identities : identity work of creative entrepreneurs in the founding stage." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/83168/.
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The contemporary view of identity in entrepreneurship accepts its dynamic nature and its multidimensional structure. Some scholars have illustrated how identity tensions may stimulate identity work in different settings, but they do not offer a satisfactory understanding of how multiple identities of an entrepreneur interact to promote identity work. One setting where identity work is prolific is in the initial stages of the venture when individuals have recently transitioned into entrepreneurship. However, detailed accounts of the identity struggles of the entrepreneur in this stage has not found favour in the entrepreneurship literature. More specifically, studies investigating identity conflict and coherence of entrepreneurs do not provide a satisfactory understanding of identity work derived from the complexity of the existence of multiple identities. The question therefore arises - How do entrepreneurs engage in identity work in response to identity demands caused by multiple identities? To address this research gap I study entrepreneurs that have recently started a venture in the creative industries. The founding stage is chosen to facilitate the observation of intense identity work, while the creative industries as an extreme setting facilitates our observation of multiple sub-identities of the entrepreneur. Though a two-year qualitative longitudinal study of 15 creative entrepreneurs, I provide new insight into identity work of entrepreneurs in light of multiple identities. Drawing on my analysis of the data, I present three articles. In the first, I examine the process of identity work through a staged model, and propose identity routes and tactics of entrepreneurs as they journey through identity disruption and equilibrium. Here, I recognise the impact of the entrepreneurs’ affects in this process. In the second article, I analyse how conflicts between specific identities of the entrepreneur are normalised by investigating dirty work in the context of entrepreneurship. And finally in article three I offer a more rounded discussion to types of trigger for identity work by examining the impact of self-defined critical incidents on identity work of entrepreneurs. Here I discuss the role of sensemaking in internalising the impacts from these critical incidents and find that a single incident can have multiple impacts. The examination of identity work in light of multiple identities is concluded with a discussion of the contributions of the thesis towards the current gaps in identity work literature as identified by scholars.
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Galanakis, Kostas. "The 'creative factory' : an innovation systems model using a systems thinking approach." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1269/.
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The author has designed, developed and applied, employing a system dynamics approach, a new innovation system concept - the Creative Factory - in order to communicate innovation theory to the different actors in the system using a common perspective and to reveal the complexity of innovation systems. Furthermore, the model aims to create a dynamic framework that can be used to analyse and assess the innovation activity of a firm against best practice and to illustrate, through simulation, the short and long-term influences of managers' decisions or external factors on innovation outcomes and between the different factors in the system. The concept has at its centre the firm's knowledge creation, the new product design and development process and the competencies that separate successes from failures. These core elements are affected by other business activities of the firm such as the corporate strategy, the risk taking policy and the organisational structure. Additionally, it is influenced by the National Innovation Environment within which the firm operates. The creative factory model has been used in this project as an assessment tool in three different firms. Then, action-scenarios are simulated, which demonstrate how to improve and control the innovation activity of these three firms. Additionally, the author designed scenarios in order to demonstrate the effects of external influences on the innovation activity of the firms. Studying the results of the creative factory's simulation, the interconnection between the elements of an innovation system is illustrated. The need for capital investment in research in parallel with organisational improvements is shown to be a key factor for the success of the innovation process. The importance of the early stages of the new product design and development process in the overall performance of a firm is demonstrated. Finally, the influence of the national innovation environment on the innovation process and on the related business activities is identified.
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Chayya, Sabieha. "Towards the creation a fair ride-hailing industry: Should South African labour law regulate the Uber relationship?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29756.
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“Before the Internet, it would be really difficult to find someone, sit them down for ten minutes and get them to work for you, and then fire them after those ten minutes. But with technology, you can actually find them, pay them the tiny amount of money, and then get rid of them when you don’t need them anymore.”1 (Quoted by Marvit, 2014) In the present world of work, technology is a preferred and integral platform for many persons. The rise of the so called ‘gig economy’, has created a precarious livelihood for those dependent on work performed on various internet-based platforms. Recently the ‘Uber work on demand’ application was introduced into the South African market. With any new invention, there comes with it many advantages as well as disadvantages. The introduction of the gig economy in South Africa has resulted in a great deal of job creation. However the Uber app has been introduced in such a manner that it conveniently bypasses labour law by appointing drivers as ‘independent contractors’. This dissertation aims to discuss the manner in which Uber drivers conduct work and, furthermore, argues that if such work results in an employment relationship, the drivers should fall under the protection of South Africa’s labour law. This dissertation will discuss the relationships that exists in the Uber context. It will, moreover discuss the potential individual and collective employment rights that could be afforded to Uber driver should they be regulated. The introduction of Uber in South Africa is relatively new and legal proceedings are only recently making their way to court. This dissertation will therefore draw on international law and the law of the United Kingdom to inform the position to be taken to the Uber arrangement in South Africa
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Hodge, Bryan C. "The labor of the gods ancient Near Eastern creation accounts and the purpose of Genesis 1 /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Muszynski, Alicja. "The creation and organisation of cheap wage labour in the British Columbia fishing industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27467.
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This thesis is concerned with the manner in which labour has been employed in the British Columbia fishing industry, and with the more general historical development of a labour force which provides labour power at wages below full subsistence costs. The phrase "cheap labour" refers to this labour force.
The thesis briefly traces the emergence of capitalism in feudal England and argues that labour power was priced in two ways. Organised male craft workers fought for the "family wage"; that is, for wages that would cover not only their own costs of production and reproduction, but also those of their dependents. This meant, however, that when women and children worked for wages, these were not designed to cover their subsistence requirements. They were employed as "cheap labour." With European colonisation, gender criteria were extended to incorporate racial criteria. It is argued that cheap labourers came to be distinguished by race and ethnicity, in addition to gender and age.
The differentiation of labour based on biological criteria was adopted elsewhere, and the main body of the thesis is concerned with how this process occurred within British Columbia's fishing industry. The B.C. industry began with canners who had to recruit a new labour force in regions without large supplies of European workers. The thesis traces how canners employed native peoples and Chinese male labourers. The argument is advanced that these groups were paid wages below the costs of subsistence, and that the groups survived because they were embedded in pre-capitalist social relations. They subsisted through a combination of wage labour and unpaid work.
The thesis examines Marx's labour theory of value for its utility in explaining the development of a "cheap labour force." Although the theory must be re-worked to incorporate two forms of labour power, it provides a more appropriate model than that of the dual labour market theories. The method of historical materialism, which Marx employed, can be used to re-work the labour theory of value. In particular, the method allows for an analysis of resistance by labourers (for example, through trade union organization, such as the United Fishermen and Allied Workers' Union). These theoretical applications are discussed in the thesis.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Erasmus, Johannes Cornelius. "Effective training for job creation in the South African education system / Johannes Cornelius Erasmus." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8604.
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It is generally accepted that the quality of a country's labour force is a crucial factor in successful competition in the global economy. South Africa's richness in human resources unfortunately does not in itself make us a winning nation. Because of the low educational attainment of our labour force, we have to compete in the global economy at a disadvantage.
The global labour market is characterised by constant change (benefiting skilled workers) and the progressive destruction of jobs (affecting in particular semiskilled and unskilled workers).
The purpose of the study is to investigate the structural changes taking place in the workplace,
the effects thereof on the demand for human resources, and how education and training in
South Africa can respond to these changes to the benefit of individuals, organisations and the
country as a whole.
An intensive literature survey cast light on the development of economies, how such
development influences the demand for worker skills and how different nations have attempted
to meet the requirements of their productive systems through appropriate education and
training. South Africa's economy, labour problems and strategies to enhance human capital
and create jobs were also examined. Consistent with trends observed in the advanced
economies of the world, the pattern of activity in the South African economy has shifted from
the primary and secondary sectors to the tertiary and service sectors, shedding jobs requiring
lower levels of skills and creating jobs for highly qualified workers.
A historical overview of the provision of education and training in South Africa highlights how
apartheid policies contributed to vast disparities in the skills levels of the different population
groups in South Africa. Many innovative measures to enhance skills levels and job creation
have been introduced since 1994 by the democratically elected government. These measures
were evidently informed by the experience of other countries. The formidable task of
implementing these measures or strategies successfully is exacerbated by the fact that the
different provinces in South Africa are in different stages of economic development and have
different educational outputs, leading to differences in the skills levels of their respective labour
forces.
Research on how unemployed people participate in the labour market served as the basis for
the empirical input to the study. The data collected in Gauteng and the Eastern Cape were
interpreted to ascertain how such people interact with the labour market in these provinces.
The survey results revealed that the effects of low educational levels, people's interaction with
the labour market, their job interest and the way job creation strategies are implemented may
influence the efficacy of strategies to enhance people's skill levels and to create jobs.
Factors influencing the demand for labour and factors that may impact on the success of
education and training interventions were considered in the construction of a model to prioritise
skills formation strategies. The model should be a versatile planning tool for identifying target
groups, and for prioritising and implementing skills development strategies in the context of
local socio-economic structures, as well as in the context of the national socio-economic
structure and the global economy.
As proposals for job creation by experts throughout the world have not been able to arrest
increasing unemployment rates, it would be presumptuous to claim that this study provides a
solution to the problem. Nevertheless, ways need to be found to optimise the impact of skills
formation and job creation efforts. The following recommendations are made on the basis of
the findings of the present study: • The structural and attitudinal changes taking place in the workplace should be investigated and workplace demands should be matched with the skills needed by workers. • Efficient, modern systems of administration staffed by technically competent officials should be established to manage the implementation of skills formation and job creation strategies. • A close relationship should be established between government, business and labour. • All persons over the age of 15 years who enter the labour market (and those who are already in the labour market) without the prospect of becoming employed should be registered as job seekers. • All young people should have a minimum of 12 years general education and enhanced forms of technical education. • Educational and training institutions should disabuse learners of the idea that they have to be dependent on someone else to give them a job. • The general and further education and training system should provide learners with the basic skills in mathematics, language, science and technology required by industry. • Qualified mathematics and science teachers should receive recognition through higher salaries. • Appropriate assistance should be provided to education leavers and to the unemployed. • The basic skills of those already in jobs should be improved. • Employers should be assisted on how to organise and implement workplace training. • Organisations should double their investment in training to at least 2% of their payrolls.Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002
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Champion, Katherine M. "The difference that place makes : a case study of selected creative industry sectors in Greater Manchester." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1840/.
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Broader transformations in the economy are linked to a changing spatial organisation for economic activity, particularly in industries imbued with a high creative content, although there are competing explanations regarding the nature of this logic. This thesis explores the ways in which space and place matter to the creative industries sector. In particular, it examines the logic guiding concentration in the centre as opposed to decentralisation to more peripheral sites within a transforming regional city negotiating its place in the knowledge economy. There has been a significant policy thrust from formerly industrial cities to build a share in this sector, often touted as a panacea for urban decline, but critical evidence regarding the possibilities for this is hard to find. The research employs a mixed methods approach, which is applied to the case study of Greater Manchester. The study firstly probes the spatial pattern of creative industry activity there and selected two sectors with a somewhat different distribution: advertising, and film and television. Contextual information is gathered from a range of documentary evidence. Semi-structured interviews with 28 firms and 18 policymakers and other stakeholders are used to probe the determinants affecting the decisions regarding firm location. Three dominant determinants of location were identified by the research: the availability and cost of space, place reputation and transport connectivity. The empirical findings further suggested that there were a set of firm characteristics guiding location choices relating to the size, profile, age and activities of the firms. It was found that the city centre still provided a considerable pull related to traditional agglomeration advantages, including access to skilled labour and strong transport connectivity, as well as a sense of place brand. Location outside the city centre was chiefly prompted by the cost and size of business premises or was made possible by the place reputation advantages not holding for more routine, less growth-orientated or locally-focused firms. The study also identified evidence of displacement and industrial gentrification and the recent regeneration of the city centre had exacerbated these processes. There was some divergence from the existing literature regarding the importance of proximity for knowledge sharing and spillovers, for which little evidence was found by the interviews.
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Sacchetti, Silvia. "The division of labour across firms and localities : inter-firm relationships and knowledge creation within networks." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409278.
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Robinson, Robert Steven. "Creating foreign policy locally migratory labor and the Texas border, 1943-1952 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185814949.
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Curtis, Wayne R. "Social Entrepreneurship and Wealth-Building Plans: Creative Strategies for Working Class Americans." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1368636173.
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Amayo, Burgos Julio Favio. "La labor creativa del juez como fundamento esencial de una efectiva jurisprudencia en el Perú." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118983.
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Morley, Lorraine. "Testing for the effects of organisational and individual cognitive-distance in small business and creative industries innovation partnerships." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/74203/.
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This thesis is concerned with understanding how the similarities, or differences, between small businesses working on transactional open-innovation projects might affect the dyadic performance. Specifically it explores whether varying degrees of difference, both at the organisational-level and at the individual personal-level, affects innovation performance and whether there is a ‘trade-off’ in innovation outcomes somewhere between high levels of similarity and difference. Empirical studies of similarity and difference have conflicting findings and most research into the particular condition of similarity and difference have taken place between multi-national businesses or in industries that have more formal innovation agendas, such as bio-technology or ICT. Additionally prior research has tended to evaluate a potential linear relationship between similarity variables and innovation performance. The study here draws on the Cognitive Theory of the Firm (Nooteboom, 2003) and its conceptual model of ‘cognitive distance’ which proposes that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the degree of difference in an innovation partnership and the innovation performance. It suggests a tipping point where performance improves up to a threshold and then begins to decline. The sample group is drawn from a cohort of small businesses based in the North-West of England taking part in an innovation voucher scheme designed to encourage linkages between small businesses and creative services suppliers. An analytical framework based on different measures and types of similarity is developed by reviewing a broad range of literature on innovation, open-innovation and small business innovation and these measures are used to assess innovation success against a range of six performance indicators. A major contribution of the research is the extension of the empirical domain for cognitive distance to the small and micro-business sector and further, the creation of a methodology which allows cognitive-distance to be directly measured, and performance assessed, at the level of the individuals within the innovation partnership. The relativity small sample group and the quite specific context requires the findings to be further corroborated but if results found here prove valid with other sample groups and within other contexts too, there may be implications in the future for how small firms might go about selecting their innovation partners.
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Arie, Motlogelwa Harold. "The role of an effective grievance procedure in creating tolerable employment in the South African Police Services." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19786.
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In many instances, the South African Constitution is been seen as the most advanced constitutions in the world. Section 196(4)(f)(ii) of the Constitution has made provision for the Public Service Commission(PSC) to investigate grievances of employees in the Public Services and furthermore to recommend appropriate remedies. However, there is a contradiction when implementing these procedures, as the PSC tends to follow their own set of guidelines with regard to the relevant procedures to be followed when dealing with grievances. Due to this, the public servant [s] rights are been under minded and they seem to lose all confidence and faith with the system. The individual have the potential of resolving the differences that exist amongst them, if it is based on the honest and transparent manner. As mentioned above, even though it is the duty of the PSC to implement the proper grievance procedure at work, its fairness and objectivity will be tested and discuss further in detail in this research. However, in the South African Police Services, due to the nature of their protocol which emphasised on the seniority dominated by rank structure, creates an environment of inequality. Meaning that junior officers are not encourage to challenge their superior on the hostile treatment as it will be viewed as a lack of discipline on the part of the junior officer. The grievance procedure therefore, serves as the formal vehicle which the union will encourage the employee to follow in seeking for justice against unfair treatment. In most case the employee are sceptical to file a grievance against their seniors, for fear of victimization, however, this might worsen the situation if it was not brought to the attention of the management. On many occasions the employees have rather taken a decision to resign due to pressure from the management. In terms of section 186(1)(e) of the Labour Relations Act, continued employment are made intolerable if the discontent experience by the employees becomes more and more imminent in the work environment. In a situation where the continued employment has become intolerable, the employee can claim constructive dismissal. This research looks at the different ways which the courts arrive at, when deciding on cases from the South African legal system, in order to determine which tests to apply when dealing with constructive dismissal.
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Hendriks, Jeremy Francisco. "Critical evaluation of possible policy options to reduce unemployment in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4926.
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Magister Commercii - MComSince the advent of democracy, one of the most serious economic problems facing the South African economy is the persistently high unemployment. Although employment has been increasing in general since the economic transition, the extent of such increase is not rapid enough to absorb the expanding labour force entrants, thereby causing both the level and rate of unemployment to increase. This is indicated by the fact that, despite the increase of employment number from 9.5 million in 1995 to 15.2 million in 2014, the number of unemployed increased from 2.0 million to 5.2 million during the same period, thereby causing the unemployment rate to rise from 17.6% to 25.4%. In fact, the labour market objective of the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa (ASGISA) to reduce the unemployment rate to 15% by the end of 2014 is not achieved. The government has been trying to solve the unemployment problem by means of various policies, ranging from the “big” policies like the Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP), Growth, Employment and Redistribution Policy (GEAR), the aforementioned ASGISA, and the recently launched National Development Plan (NDP), to the more specific labour market policies such as the Expanded Public Works Program (EPWP), promotion of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to the implementation of the Employment Tax Incentives Bill (also known as the Youth Wage Subsidy) since 1 January 2014. This study first provides a theoretical framework on various models of unemployment, before the main causes of unemployment in South Africa are discussed. A critical evaluation of the pros and cons of various policy options to alleviate unemployment would be looked at. Some of the policy options have already been implemented in South Africa for years and hence the possible success of these policies would be investigated in detail. Few policies have only been recently implemented (e.g. the Employment Tax Incentives Bill), while other possible policy options have not yet been implemented in South Africa (e.g. job-seeking transport subsidy) but have been adopted in other countries. Hence, the feasibility of these options for South Africa would be investigated, by examining the outcome of these policies in the other countries.
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Guglielminetti, Elisa. "Empirical and theoretical implications of frictional labor markets." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0034.
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J’utilise des modèle de search comme point de départ de mon analyse, en examinant l'impact des frictions d'un point de vue soit théorique soit empirique. Dans le Chapitre 1 j’analyse les effets de l’incertitude sur la macroéconomie. Les estimes empiriques montrent que l’incertitude a un impact négatif sur l’économie et que le marché du travail est un important canal de transmission. Un modèle d’équilibre général avec frictions DMP est capable de reproduire les faits observés. Dans le Chapitre 2 j’utilise un Time Varying Parameter SVAR avec volatilité stochastique pour investiguer les propriétés de la création d’emploi aux Etats Unis et leur variation dans le temps. Les estimes indiquent que la volatilité dépend largement des chocs de demande et de prix. Les postes de travail réagissaient négativement aux chocs technologiques jusqu’au début des années 90. Le Chapitre 3 intègre la dimension spatiale dans un modèle de search. Cela permet d'expliquer quelques régularités observées dans des données Autrichiens: i) l’existence d’une frontière de réserve entre salaire est distance; ii) le changement de stratégie de recherche d’emploi; iii) l'effet décourageant des d’allocations chômage. Dans le Chapitre 4 je présente un modèle qui explique la sélection des nouvelles embauches entre contrats à court et à long terme. En exploitant une base de données italienne, on trouve que la probabilité d’obtenir un contrat permanent dépend négativement du degré de mismatch entre l'éducation du travailleur et l'occupation. En outre, les réformes qui libéralisent le contrats à durée déterminée encouragent leur utilisation mais ils ont effets non-linéaires sur le taux de chômageIn this thesis I take the search and matching framework as the starting point of my analysis to investigate several aspects of the labor market. In Chapter 1, I explore the consequences of uncertainty on the macroeconomy . The empirical analysis shows that uncertainty has a detrimental effect on the aggregate economy and that job creation is an important channel of transmission. The empirical findings are then rationalized through a DSGE model incorporating the DMP setup and featuring stochastic volatility. In Chapter 2, I study the time-varying characteristics of job creation in the US. The econometric setup is a Time-Varying Parameter SVAR (TVP-SVAR) with stochastic volatility. The identification strategy is based on a DSGE model with a frictional labor marketIn Chapter 3, I extend the standard framework to take into account the spatial dimension of job search. Austrian data show the existence of a trade- off between wage and commute time. They also uncover complex patterns in the dynamics of exits from unemployment. Cox-regressions further show that the level of unemployment benefits has a strong discouraging effect on job search. In Chapter 4, I use a random search model to study the sorting of new hires into open-ended and fixed-term contracts. The co-existence of these two types of contracts is explained by match heterogeneity. The match productivity is interpreted as the fit of worker's skills to task requirements. This hypothesis is supported by matched employer-employee data from a large Italian region
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Liao, Pei-Ling. "The adaptation of the cultural and creative industries cluster policy in Eastern Asian cities : the case studies in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5229/.
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Cultural and creative industries (CCIs) clusters have been a privileged policy approach to expand urban and economic development in Eastern Asian cities, such as Singapore, Hong-Kong, Shang-Hai and Taipei. Most CCIs clusters examples in Eastern Asian cities, combine both urban planning and economic rationales and take the form of mega-projects and various initiatives. These restricted economic and planning approaches generate debates on the effects of cluster policy on the development of CCIs in Eastern Asian cities because policy-makers emphasize the economic effect of CCIs, but neglect the local contexts in terms of existing and potential markets and consumption levels. The thesis presents a more holistic approach including cultural, economic and planning components to assess the effectiveness of a bottom-up initiative Hua-Shan Cultural Park and a top-down initiative NanKang Software Industrial Park in Taipei. The research is based on a longitudinal approach and discusses the perspectives of the various actors involved in this initiative over time: the cluster operators, the policy makers and the CCIs representatives (including individual workers, companies and NGOs). By contrasting these different perspectives, this article demonstrates the types of issues, conflicts and compromises that can happen during the implementation process of cluster policies as well as potential emerging collaboration and impacts on CCIs actors. This thesis concludes by exploring the implications of taking into account the local contexts when implementing such policies and further suggests ways for policy makers to better do so in Eastern Asian cities.
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Fung, K. K. "Job creation and destruction in Hong Kong manufacturing industries some empirical evidence /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954650.
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Hong, Jiachun. "DOCUMENTARY PRODUCTION AS A SITE OF STRUGGLE: STATE, CAPITAL, AND PRECARITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY CHINESE DOCUMENTARY." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1627.
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Documentary filmmakers have been considered artists, authors, or intellectuals, but rarely as labor. This study investigates how the nature of work as well as life is changing for those who work in the expanding area of TV documentary in China, in the midst of China’s shift towards a market-based economy. How do documentary makers reconcile their passion for documentary making with the increasingly precarious conditions of work? And, how do they cope with and resist the pressures of neoliberalism to survive in increasingly competitive local and global markets? Based on data gathered through the interviews with 40 practitioners from January 2014 to August 2017 and my own experience as a director and worker in the Chinese documentary for a decade, I outline the particularity and complexity of the creative work in China. My research indicates that short-time contracts, moonlighting, low payments and long working hours, freelancing, internship, and obligatory networking have become normal working conditions for cultural workers. Without copyright over their intellectual creations, cultural workers are constrained to make a living as waged labor, compelled to sell their physical and mental labor in hours or in pieces. Self-responsibility and entrepreneurism have become the symbols of the neoliberal individual. Following the career trajectories of my interviewees, I elaborate on the mechanisms by which cultural workers are selected, socialized and eliminated. When they decide to escape from the production line, they use four types of strategies: going international, surviving in the market, switching to new media career, and sticking to journalistic ideals. This dissertation also reveals that global production has intensified exploitation by increasing working hours through a 24/7 production line that works across national borders and time zones, amplifies competition by introducing global talent, and alienates local workers by imposing the so-called “universal” aesthetics of global production. The crisis of cultural work is the outcome of the incapacity of the neoliberal imagination to imagine plausible and feasible futures for sustained creative work. It is through my research into the history of documentary production in China and conversations with cultural workers that I found explanations for the increasing precarity of work and possible forms of resistance to it in post-socialist China.
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Lin, Jeffrey. "Agglomeration and labor-market activities evidence from U.S. cities /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3310079.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 6, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Thomsen, Stephan Lothar. "Evaluating the employment effects of job creation schemes in Germany." Heidelberg : [Mannheim] : Physica-Verlag ; ZEW, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1950-2.
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Goksen, Ugurer Secil. "The Unemployment Problem And Employment Creation Strategies In Turkey: A Comparative Perspective." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614356/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the Turkish unemployment problem in the 2000-2011 period, in a broad and comparative perspective with unemployment problem in the Netherlands, Ireland and Argentina. However, periods of concern for these three countries and Turkey differ, because each country experienced severe unemployment problem in different time periods. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate current policies dealing with unemployment problem in Turkey and suggest more effective policy alternatives, with reference to successful policies of other countries.
It is found that current approach towards unemployment problem in Turkey is inadequate in many aspectsspecifically there is no emphasis on job creating policies. Moreover, our discussions on the measurement of labour market indicators in Turkey and general characteristics of Turkish labour market showed that underemployment and marginally attached workers are neglected problems that have to be addressed in policymaking.
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Tu, Wenjun. "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions of Chinese firms : an investigation of value creation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42994/.
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The surge of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&As) from China, the largest of the emerging economies, has attracted considerable scholarly attention recently. The unique institutional context in China, i.e., heavy government involvement in business activities and imbalanced development of subnational institutions among Chinese regions, raises two interesting questions: whether, or not, CBM&As of Chinese firms create value for acquirers in the short and the long term; and what special sources of value creation exist in Chinese firms’ CBM&A? The main focus of this thesis is to investigate the impact of multi-level institutional variables on short- and long-term value creation in Chinese firms’ CBM&A in the unique Chinese context. Using a sample of 279/192 CBM&A events collected from the CSMAR database over the period 1999-2013, we find that the market reacts positively to CBM&A announcements, but the accounting performance of acquirers fails to improve after CBM&A in the long term. Based on the selected sample, we employ Ordinary Least Squares to analyse the data and find the following results. First, the study reveals government is an important source of value creation, but its effects on the short- and long-term value creation in Chinese firms’ CBM&A are reflected by government ownership and political connections. We find Chinese market investors reward acquirers with political connections at the time of CBM&A announcements, but explicit government ownership contributes more to long-term performance improvement of acquirers after CBM&A. Second, in the long term, we find there is U-shaped relationship between R&D intensity and the long-term post-CBM&A performance of acquirers, which suggests acquirers with moderate-level R&D intensity suffer from more integration problems resulting from the dilemma of compatibility. Third, at the macro level, we find that higher-quality institutions among the Chinese regions and higher-quality host country institutions provoke more positive market reactions, while less cultural distance and greater formal institutional distance contribute to performance improvement of acquirers after CBM&A in the long term. Furthermore, the effects of micro-level institutional factors, i.e., government ownership and political connections, on the value creation in Chinese firms’ CBM&A are dependent on the macro-level institutional environments. In the short term, the market responds more positively to acquirers with higher government ownership, but less positively to acquirers with political connections with an increase in subnational institutional quality. With the increase in host country institutional quality, the market responds less positively to both the larger government ownership and the presence of political connections. In the long term, we find that the influence of government ownership on value creation is enhanced with the increase of cultural distance, but declines with the increase of formal institutional distance.
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Smith, Christopher S. "Divisional strategy : value creation and relatedness within the multidivisional firm." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4287/.
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From an economic perspective the value of a group of related businesses under one management is derived from the potential for synergy, based on the exploitation of underlying economies of scope. To realise this inherent economic value, organisational theorists have argued that a purposively cooperative pattern of structures, systems and processes must be put in place. Divisions of modem multidivisional companies are internal, quasi-corporations of related businesses and, as such, theoretical economic/organisational rationales would posit divisions as cooperative enterprises. Using a sample of divisions purposively chosen to comprise businesses that were highly related, this thesis set out to explore the extent to which divisional managing directors expressed views and initiated organisational dynamics consistent with a cooperative perspective. Semi-structured interviews with senior divisional personnel in 12 divisions and with business and functional level staff in 2 of these provided the prime source of data which served as a basis from which a case study was written for each division. The cases were analysed in terms of the membership benefits (value) the divisional managing director was attempting to optimise for the component businesses and the extent to which he expressed a cooperative orientation and was overseeing cooperative structures, processes and systems. Two categories of division are identified. The 'cooperative' grouping is consistent with the theoretical view of economies of scope and cooperative structures but a larger number of divisions are categorised as 'non-cooperative' with perspectives, systems etc. consistent with a traditional M-form orientation of autonomous, non-interacting businesses. Reasons for this mismatch of theory and practice are discussed with the existence of non-cooperative divisions being explained as the consequence of a variety of organisational contingencies. Implications for divisional management and practice in multidivisional firms are suggested.
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Al, Ghalli Samir. "Exploring the creation of a destination brand identity for Libya." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2014. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/1988/.
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This thesis aims to explore the concept of developing a brand identity for Libya as a tourism destination. The author adopts a model proposed by Iliachenko (2005) to do this. The model is based upon a destination’s culture, history and nature in creating a destination brand identity. The author recognises that this model was proposed as an exploratory tool so he seeks to further explore its usefulness in the destination brand identity development process. Data collection for this thesis adopted a qualitative approach. This involved conducting semi-structured interviews with internal stakeholders in the Libyan tourism sector (Tourism Authority, tourism companies, academic staff, hotel company, Committee for the Preparation of Tourism Master Plan); this was complemented with document analysis. The results of the empirical study identify that the Iliachenko model was reviewed with great satisfaction by the respondents and they identified how Libya might be defined as a destination brand. They also saw a lot of merit in urgently adopting the model in developing a destination brand identity for Libya. The author, however, in analysing the findings, considers the Iliachenko model to be incomplete as a tool to enable a destination brand identity to be developed. To cover these deficiencies the author argues there is a need to add two new elements to the Iliachenko model to represent Libyan tourist destination brand identity, these are: people; and safety and security. In addition, for the model to be useful it must be applied within a political context, defined by processes of governance, economic structure the process of applying the model. In so doing a new model is thus proposed: The Alghalli destination brand identity pentagon (see figure 9.2). This thesis concludes that a tourist destination brand identity for Libya must include a ‘vision’ that promotes ‘Libya as a tourist destination that is safe, secure and also hospitable’. From this a destination brand identity can emerge that captures the personality elements of the destination of Libya as being ‘beautiful, quiet, safe and honest, welcoming and culturally diverse and of great age’. The contribution of this thesis is both practical and theoretical, and it finishes with the identification of areas of further research while the application of the new model in Libya and in different destination contexts.