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1
Ratna Sari, Ni Made Dwi, and I. Gusti Ayu Agung Omika Dewi. "PENGARUH CARBON CREDIT, FIRM SIZE, DAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jiab.v4i1.2144.
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The Influence of Carbon Credit, Firm Size, and Good Corporate Governance on Performance of Public Listed Manufacturing Companies. This study aims to examine the effect of carbon credit, firm size, board of commissioners and audit committee on company performance. The population used in this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method of sample selection is purposive sampling. Only 25 companies meet the criteria. The hypotheses in this study were tested using t test and f test. The data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression test. The results of the study indicate that carbon credit, firm size, board of commissioners and audit committee partially and simultaneously influence performance of public listed manufacturing companies.Keyword: Carbon credit, firm size, board of commisioners, audit committee
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Penikas, Henry. "The review of the open challenges in the IRB loan portfolio credit risk modeling." Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mas-200508.
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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision finalized the Basel III accord in the December 2017 and launched the set of its standards – the Basel Framework – in December 2019. Both documents allow bank to use mathematical models for the credit risk estimation. There are quantitative and qualitative requirements for models to be allowed for use in the prudential regulation of banks. The approach is called an Internal-Ratings-Based one (IRB). This paper aims at discussing a set of issues related to IRB credit risk modeling and such model estimates use. Those issues include data pooling in the credit registries, applying copula-discriminant analysis, validating the borrower concentration per grade, assigning the hybrid credit rating, use of model estimates when voting at the credit committee, estimate of the ultimate credit risk-taking by banks.
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Golemi, Ela. "Excessive Credit Growth – An Early Indicator of Financial Instability." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p174-179.
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This article discusses the issue of excessive credit growth, which is generally considered as an early indicator of financial and macroeconomic instability. It focuses methods that should be used in order to evaluate if the level of credit growth is excessively enough in order to start applying “countercyclical capital buffer”, a macro prudential tool proposed in the new regulatory framework of Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Analysis focused in Central and Eastern European countries experiences with credit growth approach before the global financial crisis, show that the HP filter calculation proposed by the Basel Committee is not a suitable indicator of excessive credit growth for converging countries. A broader set of indicators and methods based in economic fundamentals of each country should be employ to determine a country’s position in the credit cycle.
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Puspa, Rani, Leni Triana, Rina Nopianti, and Prastika Suwandi Tjeng. "Pengaruh tata kelola perusahaan, kualitas audit, dan konservatisme terhadap persyaratan agunan pinjaman." Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi 17, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jem.v17i2.5419.
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Debtors and creditors have equal access to information about default risks in competitive credit markets. Loan collateral is less important in credit decision-making in these circumstances. However, in emerging credit markets such as Indonesia, where debtors and creditors do not have equal information about a firm's prospects, the use of collateral to mitigate default risk has become common practice. Despite the strong theoretical framework for the use of collateral to secure creditors from credit risk, some Indonesian firms are exempt from providing collateral for bank debts. This study looks at how the independence of the Board of Commissioners, governance committees, audit quality, and conservatism affect the likelihood of using debt collateral. Around 785 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were collected using Slovin's formula, during the sample period of 2017-2020. According to logistic regression analysis, firms with a more independent Board of Commissioners, a separate governance committee, Big 4 auditors, and conservative accounting policies are less likely to provide loan collateral
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R. Bowrin, Anthony, and John Ramnanan. "Composition of supervisory committees in Trinidad and Tobago credit unions." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 2 (2008): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i2c1p4.
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This paper provides an assessment of the competence and independence of members of the supervisory committee (SC) of Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) Credit Unions (CUs), and examines factors that are associated with SC chairpersons’ competence and independence. Most of the information used in the paper was collected by conducting structured interviews with the immediate-past chairperson of the supervisory committees of 58 T&T CUs. The results of the analysis indicate that the overall level of financial literacy, financial expertise and independence among SC chairpersons was relatively low. The SC chairpersons of community-based CUs tended to be significantly more financially literate than their counterparts in organizationally-based CUs. Also, the results suggest that the independence of SC chairpersons varied negatively with CU Size.
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Saâda, Moufida Ben, and Yosra Gafsi. "Does disclosure of internal control system of credit risk improve banks’ performance? Evidence from Tunisian listed banks." International Journal of Financial Engineering 06, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786319500312.
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This paper proposes a measure of disclosure of internal control of credit risk and explores the extent to which this disclosure improves the performance of Tunisian listed banks. We use a self-constructed disclosure index from content analysis. From regressing panel data applied on a sample of 11 listed Tunisian banks during the period from 2007 to 2017, we find that disclosure of Internal Control System of Credit Risk (DICSCR) improves the performance of banks through the implementation of methods and procedures for controlling credit risk. Moreover, the results show that the interactions between DICSCR and the audit committee, the risk committee, and the internal auditor enhance the performance of the banks. Constructing a measure of disclosure inherent to the internal control system of credit risk allows investors and depositors to make relevant decisions, leads to better understanding the level of risk when controlling the bank by internal auditors and external auditors as well. It provides the Central Bank with a useful tool for evaluating the credit risk of the banks.
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Wahyudiono, Bambang. "MENELUSURI PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA ANALIS KREDIT MIKRO PADA LEMBAGA KREDIT MIKRO PERBANKAN MAUPUN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO." JIMFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi) 1, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34203/jimfe.v1i2.559.
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Abstract:Credit quality and Non performing loan emerged during credit periode depend on credit analyst workindicator. Other factors are any activities done after drawdown bank loan to small and micro entriprizesas well. This research will explore non performing loan based on credit analyst performance. Analystperformance will be depend variable and professional competence and motivation will be independentvariables. Based on regression and correlation analysis, the result of the analysis show that Sig on theAnova tabels show Sig = 0.033 or less than probability value 0,05. The consecuenties Ho is refused anHa accepted. This mean that professional competence and motivation significantly and simultaneouslyinfluences performance. The regression line equation is -122,685 0,122x1 + 0,749x2. Determinantcoefisien or R = 0.5322. That is mean 53,2% analyst performance contributed by professionalperformance and motivation. Proporsion 46,8% will be determined by other unidentified factors.Keywords: Professional competence, Motivation, Credit analyst performance, Regression, Correlation,Credit analyst, Credit committee, Marketing Staf, Salses, Micro Credit.
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Novriadi, Chasdy, and Didi Sundiman. "FACTORS AFFECTING DECISIONS ON LENDING (STUDIES ON BPRS IN BATAM CITY)." JURNAL TERAPAN MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS 7, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jtmb.v7i1.2293.
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<span>This study studies the factors that influence bank financing decisions with the principle 6 C method . Financial analysis helps the NPL from bank crediting the people no more than what is determined by the OJK. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, namely research that discusses describing the phenomena that occur in the location of research using qualitative data analysis. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, documentation . While the data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques. Data informants consisted of 5 prospective debtors, 1 credit analyst, and a credit committee consisting of 3 people. The results of this study state that 6 C Analysis with Relationship Marketing is only 5C (Character, Capital, Capacity, Collateral, Economic Condition) that affects credit lending decisions and 1 C (Constraints) are not opposed to credit purchase decisions.</span>
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Butar Butar, Sansaloni. "The effects of Corporate Governance, Audit Quality, and Conservatism on Loan Collateral Requirements." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 22, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jak.22.1.28-39.
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In competitive credit markets, borrowers and lenders have equal information on default risks. Under these circumstances, loan collateral are less important in credit decision-making. But in emerging credit market, like Indonesia, borrowers and lenders do not possess equal information on firms’ future prospect, making use of collateral in mitigating default risk have become common practice. Despite strong theoretical support for the use of collateral to protect lenders from default risk, excessive protection may have a negative effect on the debt markets. However, some Indonesian firms are not required to provide collateral for bank debts. This study examines the effect of Board of Commissioners independence, governance committees, audit quality, and conservatism on the likelihood of using loan collateral. Using slovin formula, as much as 785 firm listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange were collected during sample period of 2012-2015. Logistic regression analysis suggest that firms with higher Board of Commissioners independence, having separate governance committee, hire Big 4 auditors, apply conservative accounting policies are less likely to provide loan collateral.
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Mohiuddin, Yasmeen. "Credit Worthiness of Poor Women: A Comparison of Some Minimalist Credit Programmes in Asia: A Preliminary Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1199-1209.
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The recognition of credit as a powerful instrument for the alleviation of poverty in the developing countries has led to a multitude of programmes on agricultural credit, co-operatives, and integrated rural development in the past few decades. Agricultural or land development banks, commercial banks and cooperatives have sought "small borrowers" in theory but have, on the whole, failed to reach the poor, particularly women. The loan repayment rates in these programmes often have been very low which, together with below-market interest rates imposed by governments, has resulted in the stagnation of most third world credit institutions aimed at "small borrowers". On the other hand, innovative Credit Delivery Systems (CDSs) for the poor or "poverty lending" has been on the increase in many developing countries over the last two or three decades. In stark contrast to the conventional credit programmes, these innovative experiments show. extremely high repayment rates. More importantly, they reveal that the standard stereotypes are wildly inaccurate: that women are more creditworthy than men and the poor more creditworthy than the non-poor. These experiments include the Bedan Kredit Kecamatan (BKK), MBM and YIS programmes in Indonesia, Grameen Bank and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) in Bangladesh, Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) in Pakistan, Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and Working Women's Forum (WWF) in India, the Kababaihang Barangay of San Miguel, Bulacan (KBB) in the Philippines, Production Credit for Rural Women (pCRW) in Nepal, etc.
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Mastná, Miroslava. "Analysis of preparation process for Basel II implementation in Czech banks." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 3 (2005): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030095.
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In June 2004 the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the new capital adequacy framework commonly known as Basel II. Basel II contains international capital standards for banking organizations and will replace the relatively risk-invariant requirements in the current Basel I accord. The Committee intends Basel II to be available for implementation as of year-end 2006. The goal of this paper is to analyze the current situation in bank preparation for Basel II in the Czech Republic. For this reason a survey was done in the Czech banks in September and October 2004. Results of this survey are subject of this article. Results are separately discussed for four groups of banks (according to balance sum) – large, middle and small banks and building societies. The research is divided into three sections. The first section is concentrated on the current phase of preparation of Czech banks for Basel II. Results of this section showed that large banks are best prepared in comparison to other three groups of banks. The goal of the second section of the research was to find out how banks evaluate difficulty of activities connected with implementation of Basel II. Problems are mostly connected with changes in IT systems and lack of data. The goal of the third section was to find out which approach for calculating capital requirements on credit risk are banks most likely to adopt at the Basel implementation date. Majority of banks is most likely to adopt the Standardised approach.
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Sus, L. V., and Y. Y. Sus. "The NBU Economic Standards as an Instrument for Regulating the Banking Activities." Business Inform 3, no. 518 (2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-3-119-126.
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Researching the problems of banking supervision in the course of the policy of cleaning the banking system of Ukraine is of particular importance. The issues of efficiency of regulation of the activities of commercial banks with the help of economic standards of the NBU remain topical. The article is aimed at a theoretical-methodical substantiation of the NBU economic standards system and identifying the peculiarities of their application as instruments for regulating the banking activities. The state of compliance with capital, liquidity and credit risk standards by commercial banks of Ukraine is examined. A correlation and regression analysis of the impact of credit risk standards on the volumes of overdue credit arrears of banks is carried out. Ways to improve the system of regulation of the activities of commercial banks based on the principles developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision are proposed. A further proposal is made as to introducing an additional economic standard for the regulation of credit risks, which would assess the risks of repayment of loans. In addition, it will be expedient for Ukraine to build a conceptual banking supervision, which will ensure close interaction of components in order to improve the efficiency of banking institutions. A comprehensive system of banking supervision should diagnose the level of risks and implement systems of their management at the level of each separate banking institution.
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Buallay, Amina, and Jasim Al-Ajmi. "The role of audit committee attributes in corporate sustainability reporting." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2018-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which sustainability reporting by banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is affected by the attributes of audit committees. Design/methodology/approach The research is positivist and quantitative, based on a cross-sectional and time series analysis of 59 banks from 2013 to 2017. A multivariate model is used to investigate the impact of selected audit committee attributes (financial expertise, size, members’ independence and meeting frequency) on sustainability reporting. The model is built on agency, legitimacy, resources and stakeholders theories. Findings In contrast to the hypothesis, the authors report a negative association between financial expertise and sustainability reporting. Members’ independence and meeting frequency play a positive role in determining the extent of disclosure. The control variables (bank size, age and auditor type) are positively associated with corporate sustainability reporting. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this study are related to the chosen attributes of audit committee and do not consider the board’s attributes. However, the authors believe these limitations do not affect the findings. Future research that includes more attributes when they became available will offer more insights into the role of audit committees on sustainability disclosure of financial institutions. Overcoming these limitations may make the results more generalizable. Practical implications The results of this study have important implications for regulators, bank management, investors and creditors. For regulators, in the countries of the GCC and in countries like them, the findings reveal the importance of disclosure requirements. The development of disclosure requirements is likely to improve corporate sustainability reporting and reduce variations in the extent of disclosure among banks. Banks could use these results to improve their reporting to outsiders. For creditors and investors, the study improves their awareness of the importance of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and environmental information on credit and investment decisions and encourages banks to improve their disclosures of non-financial information. Originality/value This research makes a contribution to the scarce literature on sustainability reporting by banks, especially in an environment where capital markets lack active institutional investors, where regulators play the dominant role in determining the extent of disclosure and where banks are the main source of external finance for the corporate sector.
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Drljača-Kanazir, Svetlana. "Analysis of the systemic credit risk component in the banking sector of the Republic of Serbia." Ekonomika preduzeca 69, no. 3-4 (2021): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre2102065d.
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The subject of this research paper is quantification of the degree of systemic risk exposure of the Serbian banking sector's loan portfolio in the period from 2008Q4 to 2019Q3, including by main commercial segments (corporate and retail). The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, under its regulatory framework, makes a distinction between corporate and retail loans regarding the exposure to systemic risk. Based on the above, the following hypotheses are set: a) There is a significant difference in systemic risk exposure between corporate and retail loans in the Serbian banking sector and b) Forecasting the exposure to systemic risk of the entire Serbian banking sector can be performed on the basis of corporate loans due to the specificity of the economic system of the Republic of Serbia. The results of the research corroborated the truthfulness of both hypotheses, which has a multifold significance for commercial banks' management, macroeconomic and macroprudential policy makers. First, banking and accounting regulations require stress-testing of probability of default on the change in macroeconomic aggregates and its impact on the bank's capital. Second, a bank's sensitivity to changes in macroeconomic aggregates predominantly depends on the loan portfolio structure by commercial segments. Third, the conclusion of the academic elite that the development of the capital market would lead to an increase in the macroeconomic stability of the Republic of Serbia and reduce the procyclicality of credit risk was confirmed. We used the autoregressive distributed lags model (ARDL model) because there is a difference in order of integration in the observed time series (I(0) and I(1)), and because this method provides good results for relatively small sample data sizes.
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Sinha, Preeta, and Protik Basu. "Dynamics of Risk Factors Affecting the Capital Adequacy Ratio with Special Reference to UCO Bank." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.2.1559.
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To reinforce the stability of the financial system, policy makers and the Basel committee have proposed Basel accord to ensure that financial institutions maintain sufficient capital buffers. Basel III framework emphasizes on sustained increase in bank capital in order to absorb the potential credit, market and operational risks. The capital adequacy requirement under Basel III norms are directly linked to the PCA (Prompt Corrective action) framework which has disrupted the flow of credit in the economy. Market risk, Credit risk, Operational risk and deposits are some of the factors affecting the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) which influences the bank performances. This study aims at analysing the most important factor responsible for the shrinking liquidity due to adherence of stringent capital adequacy ratio imposed by RBI. Currently 11 public sector Banks out of 21 PSUs under PCA has sequentially shrunk their loan book including UCO Bank. The bank’s asset quality has worsened over the years. Using regression analysis, this paper seeks to study the major determinants of Capital Adequacy ratio using data sets for the period from 2009 to 2018 of UCO bank. The data was collected from the financial reports of the UCO bank for the aforesaid period. Among the parameters considered, it was found that deposits affect the CAR the most and market risk has the lowest impact on CAR.
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Özgür, Ersan. "Panel Data Analysis to Identify the Factors Affecting Capital Adequacy Ratio of Deposit Banks." Journal of Global Economy 17, no. 2 (July 11, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v17i2.622.
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Capital adequacy ratio serves as a basic indicator linking current equities of banks to the amount of risk that they can undertake. Therefore, it is taken into consideration while evaluating banks and expected to be at a normal level. According to the Basel I criteria published by the Basel Committee in 1988 for the international banking sector, capital adequacy ratio as “Total Capital / Credit Risk” should be at least 8%. Basel I Criteria began to be implemented in Turkey in 1992. In this process, it was decided that capital adequacy ratio would be implemented as 8% starting from 1998 in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the capital adequacy of state-owned, private and foreign deposit banks operating in Turkey between 2009-2019. The result obtained from the analysis has revealed that the established model is significant. The ratio of independent variables for explaining the dependent variable is 36%. The independent variable OME has a statistically significant and positive effect on the dependent variable at 1% significance level.
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Richardson, Justin, Deborah L. Cabaniss, Jane Halperin, Susan C. Vaughan, and Sabrina Cherry. "Beyond Progression: Devising a New Training Model for Candidate Assessment, Advancement, and Advising at Columbia." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 68, no. 2 (April 2020): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065120923040.
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Research over several decades has identified significant problems with the progression model—the traditional approach to assessment and advancement of psychoanalytic candidates—including candidates’ anxiety and uncertainty about the methods and fairness of their assessment, avoidance of conflictual issues with patients in order to keep cases, and reluctance to share their challenges with supervisors and advisors. In light of these findings, the Columbia Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research restructured its psychoanalytic training programs. The progression committee, the progression advisor role, candidate application to advance through the program, and routine committee discussion of candidates were eliminated and replaced by confidential mentorship and a clear and predictable system of trainee advancement. Analytic competency—a requirement for graduation—is now determined solely from detailed written feedback regarding the candidate’s achievement of the Center’s learning objectives. The number of months of supervised analysis required for graduation has been reduced, as has the required length of the candidate’s longest case; in addition, three-times-weekly analyses are now accepted for credit. These changes are meant to increase the transparency, objectivity, and predictability of the training experience and reduce the pressure on clinical decision making and communication between trainees and faculty. An extensive evaluation of the impact of these innovations is currently under way.
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Viljanen, Mika Veli-Pekka. "CVA: the first sign of BCBS strategic change?" Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 23, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 230–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-05-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to aid understanding of the changes in Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) regulatory strategies after the global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) charge reform as a test case for inquiring whether BCBS has departed from its pre-crisis facilitative regulatory strategy path. The regulatory strategy of the CVA charge is discussed. Findings – The charge exhibits a new regulatory strategy that BCBS has adopted. It seeks to manipulate market structures by imposing risk-insensitive capital charge methodologies. Originality/value – The paper offers a new heuristic to analyse regulatory initiatives and their significance. The CVA charge has not been subject to a regulatory theory-based analysis in prior literature.
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Adeyemi, Oluwole Jacob, Isiaq O. Oseni, and Sheriffdeen A. Tella. "Effects of Money Demand on Trade Balance in Nigeria." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, no. 351 (December 15, 2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.351.02.
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Previous studies appear to have concentrated on the effects of currency depreciation on trade balance and macroeconomic policy, while the relationship between money demand and trade balance is scantly documented in the literature. This paper therefore examines the effects of money demand on trade balance in Nigeria. For the analysis conducted, annual time series data covering the period ranging from 1986 to 2018 were used along with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The long‑run coefficient of money demand was positively signed and statistically significant at 5% level. The positive relationship exhibited by the coefficient of money demand in the long run had a significant influence on trade balance. Thus, this implied that a unit percent increase in money demand would lead to a 1.57% significant increase in trade balance. The implication of this finding was that money demand had significantly influenced trade balance, enhancing the production of goods and fostering investment, which had led to increased growth. The paper recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria through the Monetary Policy Committee should amend qualitative and quantitative credit control policies with the aim of improving lending to enhance the flow of credit to the real and exporting sector of the economy in order to bring about the desired effect on trade balance. However, the study is limited to an analysis of the existence of the relationship between money demand and trade balance using the Nigerian data set.
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Antônio, Rafael Moreira, Marcelo Augusto Ambrozini, Vinícius Medeiros Magnani, and Alex A. T. Rathke. "Does the use of hedge derivatives improve the credit ratings of Brazilian companies?" Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 31, no. 82 (April 2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201908740.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that may explain the attribution of credit ratings to firms, focusing especially on the impact of derivatives. The gap explored by this research lies in the novelty of analyzing how rating agencies perceive the effects caused by information related to derivatives use by Brazilian publicly-traded companies. In addition, this study shifts the previous findings from stock analysts to rating agencies, reinforcing the discussion about the complexity of derivatives in the credit risk assessment process. This research topic is currently of interest due to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 (Accounting Pronouncements Committee - CPC - 48), which came into effect in January of 2018. Based on these rules, the main novelty presented in this article was its verification of the effect of the derivatives used by companies in order to hedge their credit ratings, thus helping to fill the empirical gap that exists in the literature from the area. The results found challenge the theory that the use of hedge derivatives is viewed positively by investors. However, although no significant statistical impact was found on the ratings of companies that use derivatives, it was observed that the companies that use derivatives and have the highest notional values were those that received the best ratings from Moody’s. With this we broadened the debate about the complexity of the information linked to derivatives use. In the study, 2,090 ratings attributed to non-financial companies with stocks traded on the Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]³ exchange were examined between 2010 and 2016 by using panel data analysis, which lends robustness to the analysis and findings. Contrary to the central hypothesis of this research, the results presented here show that, in Brazil, companies that use derivative financial instruments for hedging do not receive the best credit ratings from rating agencies. One of the main contributions of this study is the evidence that Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s were unable to consistently incorporate information related to derivatives use, thus broadening the discussion about the complexity of these financial instruments.
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Abdel-Baki, Monal. "Phasing-in Basel III capital and liquidity requirements in post-revolution Egypt." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 3 (2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i3_p4.
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The Basel Committee has introduced a new set of capital and liquidity requirements to be introduced by the global banking system during 2013 till January 2019. Egypt possesses a well-capitalised banking sector, yet it has been exposed to the devastating shock imposed by its popular revolution. Using the GMM method, the impact of introducing the new capital and liquidity requirements on the macroeconomic performance of the Egyptian economy is examined. The results reveal that Egyptian banks are motivated to enhance capital and liquidity ratios in the case of realizing high profits and favourable conditions at the individual banking level. On the other hand, negative macroeconomic performance and a poor business environment substantially deter the preparedness of Egyptian banks to meet the Basel III requirements. The analysis is timely given the need for compliance with Basel III as one of the requirements to raise the credit rating of the devastated economy.
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Abdel-Baki, Monal A. "The Impact of Basel III on Emerging Economies." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 1850256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1798.
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This research constructs a two-stage model to gauge the impact of Basel III on GDP growth rates in 47 emerging market economies (EMEs). The first stage detects a strong relationship between compliance with Basel III capital, liquidity and leverage ratios on the one hand and credit performance on the other hand. The second stage uses multiple regression analysis to estimate the direct and the indirect transmission effects. The results reveal that implementing Basel III would hamper growth by more than 3 percentage points, and that the recovery period from the shock requires 3 years and 3 quarters. Advanced EMEs are the most adversely impacted in comparison to secondary and frontier emerging markets. The paper concludes by proposing a set of recommendations and reforms at various levels: the Basle Committee for Banking Supervision, domestic regulators, national and regional trade unions of banks, and individual banking institutions.
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I.Vasiliev, I., P. A. Smelov, N. V. Klimovskih, M. G. Shevashkevich, and E. N. Donskaya. "Operational Risk Management in A Commercial Bank." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24130.
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The existing financial and economic situation in the world and in Russia impacts the activities of all sectors of the economy, including posing challenges for banks. In the conditions of prolonged instability, the banking community has to pay great attention to the risks taken and to manage them. Among all the risks that the bank is exposed to, operational risks represent a separate group due to its specifics, a lack of a systematic approach to analysis and a lack of identification criteria requiring more detailed study. The operational risk is unique in that, although it affects virtually all areas of the credit institution, it is difficult to establish and separate it from other bank risks. It should be noted that every year there appear all new types of operational risk that have a strong impact on the activities of the credit institution due to the development of information and computer systems, the complication of the instruments of the stock market and the improvement of business methods. Therefore, regulators of all countries try to constantly improve the regulatory framework related to the management of the operational risk of a commercial bank, based on the recommendations given by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.The article is aimed at developing an effective system for managing the operational risk of a commercial bank.The empirical level research methods used in this article are a description of what operational risk is, its types, tools and methods of assessment; comparison of operational risk management systems in the studied banks; generalization, analysis and synthesis of the information received; the hypothetical-deductive method is used at the theoretical level.Modernization and improvement of the operational risk management system helps stabilize the bank, increase stability and increase profitability, reduce the provision of capital for operational risk, and increase the attractiveness of banking services for consumers, thus benefiting a credit institution among competitors. In today's financial environment, the effective operational risk management is inherent in the long-term development strategy.
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Meissner, Michael H. "Accountability of senior compliance management for compliance failures in a credit institution." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2016-0074.
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Purpose In most industries, legal entities of a certain size and complexity must have a compliance function. Such requirement is either set forth by regulatory law or the governance rules of the relevant organisation. In the highly regulated credit industry, the role and responsibilities of the compliance function are more precisely defined than in other industries. This paper aims to analyse the personal accountability of senior compliance officers in a bank’s compliance function when there is a failure of proper compliance. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a keynote addressed at Jesus College, University of Cambridge, 7 September 2016. The author approaches the issue of senior compliance management by analysing development of international financial regulation with respect to legal requirements for compliance function. Subsequently, the author determines what constitutes senior compliance management and applies the various legal regimes to situations of compliance failures. Findings While the accountability of the chief compliance officer and deputy for compliance failures is not set forth in regulatory law, courts and scholars have acknowledged such personal responsibility exists resorting to principles of civil law (contracts or torts), criminal law or employment law. Approaches and questions for this legal analysis are similar in a civil law as well as in common law jurisdiction. The most relevant breach of contract of the chief compliance officer will be an omission to act (forbearance), i.e. the failure to properly organize the compliance function and/or to immediately report a compliance risk to the board. Research limitations/implications Scholarly work in the law of compliance is still somewhat limited, thus the research also includes practitioners’ observations. The accountability of senior compliance management for compliance failures represents a growing trend in corporate governance to seek individual accountability for corporate misconduct; see, for example, US Department of Justice (DOJ) in its so-called Yates memorandum on “individual accountability for corporate wrongdoing”. Practical implications In incidents of non-compliance, banks and their compliance officers should be able to exculpate themselves if they can demonstrate proper organization of the compliance function. Originality/value The originality of this general review is to focus the analysis of accountability of senior compliance management on the credit industry and to consider latest developments in international financial regulation, such as the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP) by the European Central Bank (ECB) in the single supervisory mechanism (SSM) or the corporate governance principles for banks by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS).
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,, Wardoyo, and Rizki Muti Agustini. "DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI RGEC TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." KINERJA 19, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v19i2.539.
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This research aims to find and analyze influence risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings, and capital on the banking sector companies in Indonesia public company. Based on the completeness of data, there are only 14 banks to the period observation in 2009-2011 that able to be analyzed. The analysis used is multiple regression. The research results show that risk market and risks reputation impact on value of enterprise, while credit risk, risk liquidity, operational risk, risk law, and risks compliance have not been affecting the value of enterprise. Size of the board of commissioners, independence of the board of commissioners, size of the board of directors, and the number of audit committee have not been affecting the value of enterprise. While, ROE impacts on value of enterprise. In the other hands, ROA, BOPO, and CAR values have not been affecting the value of enterprise.Keywords: corporate value, tobin’s Q, risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings.
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Rohaya, Mat Rahim Siti, and Fauziah Mahat. "Risk governance: Experience of Islamic banks." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 2 (2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i2art4.
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Risk governance has evolved tremendously in the banking industry. Risk governance recommends the imperative roles of Chief Risk Officer (CRO) to oversee risk. This study explores risk governance influence over the Islamic banks performances. Multivariate analysis techniques measure simultaneously via Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study employed cross-sectional sample of 200 Islamic banks across 21 countries for the year 2014. To examine risk governance and Islamic banks performance, the study captures seventeen variables developed from risk management and corporate governance (ROA, ROE, Profit Margin, CRO, Shariah committee member, CEO, board size, remuneration meeting, credit rating, external audit, accounting standard, loan loss provision, capital adequacy ratio, total deposit ratio, GDP, central bank lending rate and inflation). The simulation result reveals, risk governance act as mediating variables towards Islamic banks performance. This study has practical and significance contribution for Islamic banks to understand risk governance, aligning with the fundamental risk management and corporate governance.
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Shevchenko, Pavel, and Gareth Peters. "Loss distribution approach for operational risk capital modelling under Basel II: Combining different data sources for risk estimation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 2, no. 3 (2013): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v2_i3_p5.
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The management of operational risk in the banking industry has undergone significant changes over the last decade due to substantial changes in operational risk environment. Globalization, deregulation, the use of complex financial products and changes in information technology have resulted in exposure to new risks very different from market and credit risks. In response, Basel Committee for banking Supervision has developed a regulatory framework, referred to as Basel II, that introduced operational risk category and corresponding capital requirements. Over the past five years, major banks in most parts of the world have received accreditation under the Basel II Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) by adopting the loss distribution approach (LDA) despite there being a number of unresolved methodological challenges in its implementation. Different approaches and methods are still under hot debate. In this paper, we review methods proposed in the literature for combining different data sources (internal data, external data and scenario analysis) which is one of the regulatory requirement for AMA.
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BATIUK, Larysa. "MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION IN BASEL III: GLOBAL TRENDS." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-5.
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Introduction. The article deals with the peculiarities of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the implementation conditions of the Basel Committee requirements on Banking Supervision "Basel III". The problem of the mechanism violation of the classical monetary multiplier, the imbalance of the monetary circulation system, the frequency increase of debt defaults and the amplitude of macroeconomic fluctuations in the global economic system are marked as a study result of the effects of the credit mitigation policy conducted by the US Federal Reserve amid the global financial crises of the last decade and changes in the nature of financial intermediation based on the synthesis of asset securitization and structured finance instruments. The purpose of this article is to investigate changes in monetary policy and financial intermediation in the implementation context of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel III as a source of imbalance in the global economy. Research methodology. The system method, method of scientific abstraction, methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical, comparison, generalization, scientific prediction were used. Results. The article deals with the implications of implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel I and Basel II in the area of monetary policy and financial intermediation; peculiarities of monetary multiplier mechanism operation in modern conditions are revealed; the possible consequences of implementing Basel III requirements for the mechanism of monetary supply formation in the world economy are analysed; the change in the role of gold as monetary metal in central bank foreign exchange reserves and the implications of these changes in terms of price dynamics and the distribution of real wealth in the global economy are examined. Conclusions. It is proposed to consider the requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision "Basel III" as such, which will exacerbate the volatility of global financial markets, increase the likelihood of increasing the frequency of debt defaults and, given the possibility of using gold as a means of redistribution of real wealth in the global economy, will cause an increase in the amplitude of macroeconomic fluctuations. Keywords: monetary policy; financial intermediation; the central bank; US Federal Reserve; Basel III; bank capital structure, monetary base; money multiplier, correspondent accounts; money supply; monetary gold; global economy.
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Sayed Abd Elghaffar, Emad, Ahmed Mohamed Abotalib, and Manal Abdel Azeem Mohamed Khalil. "Determining factors that affect risk disclosure level in Egyptian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(1).2019.14.
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This study aims to measure the risk disclosure level in Egyptian banks and to investigate its determinants. The sample consisted of 28 banks during the period from 2010 to 2017. An unweighted risk disclosure index including six categories was used: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, capital structure and adequacy risk, operational risk, and other non-financial risks. Also, a content analysis approach was used to measure the actual level of risk disclosure. The findings demonstrated that there was an average level of total risk disclosure of all sample banks. The results showed that banks with a higher percentage of independent board membership, large board size, large audit committee size, duality, higher institutional ownership, and banks audited by one of big four audit firms were more motivated to increase risk disclosure. Also, the results showed that leverage, bad news, and bank social responsibility have a negative relationship with the level of risk disclosure. Overall, the results indicated that leverage, board size, audit committee size, auditor types, independence, duality, institutional ownership, bank social responsibility, and bad news are the main factors affecting the level of risk disclosure in Egyptian banks. The findings of this paper have a number of important implications. The risk disclosure in the banking sector is important for stakeholders such as investors and depositors. Also, risk disclosure index helps the regulatory bodies to evaluate the risk disclosure practice in Egyptian banks. This paper contributes to analyzing factors affecting banks managers’ decision to disclose risk information in emerging countries such as Egypt.
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Tajani, Francesco, and Pierluigi Morano. "An empirical-deductive model for the assessment of the mortgage lending value of properties as securities for credit exposures." Journal of European Real Estate Research 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-01-2017-0007.
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Purpose This study aims to propose and test an innovative methodology for assessing mortgage lending value. The method tries to improve and rationalize, within the canonical and derivative approach that is generally used by the sector operators, the appraisal of the percentage reduction to be applied to the market value. Design/methodology/approach Considering that the European Mortgage Federation and the Basel Committee highlight the importance of information about the risks of properties to be loaned on, the value at risk approach has been developed so as to assess the mortgage lending value as a technique of risk analysis. With reference to the Italian context, the method elaborates the historical analysis of the property values in 93 major Italian cities for the residential and commercial intended uses in a significant period (1967-2015) and allows to determine the reduction coefficients of the market value as a function of the central, semi-central and peripheral locations of the property. Findings The results include the reduction coefficients of the market value for the derivative appraisal of the mortgage lending value. The coefficients obtained satisfy the need for a rational assessment of the property risk and the appropriate spatial contextualization of the risk components related to the local demand and supply, thus eliminating any inconsistency and danger of determining the mortgage lending value using a simple and lump-sum percentage deduction of the market value. Originality/value The global economic crisis in the past decade, triggered by the 2007 US Subprime mortgage crisis and consequent collapse of property values, has highlighted the need for high level professional skills in the appraisal of properties as securities for credit exposures. The method proposed for the assessment of the mortgage lending value allows to overcome the uncertainties underlying the determination of an independent value through indirect methods (income approach, cost approach) and rationalize the appraisal of the risk in the traditional derivative approach through a flexible procedure, with it being possible to adapt it to any territorial context, as well as any intended use.
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Dimov, S., and V. Smirnov. "Risk Management in Dual Banking Systems: Islamic Ethical and Conventional Banking." Review of Business and Economics Studies 7, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2019-7-4-6-12.
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The author makes comments on the state of the problem in part of the English-speaking scientific thought. The authors present a comparative analysis of risk management conducted in countries where the dual banking system is practised — Islamic (ethical) banking and conventional (western) banking. The study showed that a risk profile of an Islamic bank is not significantly different from the one of the conventional banks in practices. In the beginning, they point out the central thesis and prospects for the development of conventional and Islamic banking. The central part of the comments begins with the historical aspect of the comparison. According to him, despite the differences, they are based on the priority of financial and human values. Further, the authors carefully discuss the risk profile of Islamic banks and the unique risks facing Islamic banks. It was confronted with conventional risk management of banks based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). Today, the regulation applies to credit risk, market risk, operational risk and liquidity risk (Basel II and Basel III). After all, the author reaches two essential conclusions for his research.
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Et. al., Ayman Abu-Rumman,. "The Impact of Risk Management on Financial Performance of Banks: The Case of Jordan." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (April 11, 2021): 1332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.2024.
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Scholars, professionals, and regulators regard efficient risk management as a pillar of bank management. The Basel Committee on Banks Regulation has introduced the Basel I Agreements, accompanied by the Basel II Agreements and recently the Basel III Agreement, to deal with this issue in the awareness of this circumstance and the need for the holistic approach to managing bank risk. Risk reduction is one of the determinants of banks' returns. Moreover, risk reduction, if practical, avoids or mitigates unnecessary threats and effectively controls the payouts. The latest global financial crisis taught us that risk reduction and implementation are necessary to achieve continued success objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lebanese banks ' risk management policy and its effect on bank performance. This study investigates the impact of risk management practices on Lebanese banks' financial performance. Many banks had been facing risk management practices and default risks in loans because of the current financial and economic situations that Jordan is passing through. The research implemented the quantitative methodology by distributing the questionnaires to over 300 participants; however, only 123 respondents replied to them. The results were analyzed using regression analysis and proved a relationship between risk management and financial performance. The results showed a direct relationship between credit, liquidity, market risk, and financial performance. The findings showed that For every one unit increase in risk control, the risk financial performance is affected by 1%, while for every one unit increase in credit risk, the risk financial performance is affected by 1.6%, while for every one unit increase in market risk, the financial performance is affected by 1.5% and for every one-unit increase in liquidity risk the financial performance is affected by 4.7%.
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Kombo, Kevin, and Dr Amos Njuguna. "Effects of Basel III Framework on Capital Adequacy of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.33.
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Purpose:The purpose of the study was toassess the effects of Basel III framework on capital adequacy requirement in commercial banks in Kenya. The study sought to address the following research questions: why are capital adequacy regulations important in commercial banks in Kenya? What challenges are commercial banks facing in the implementation of capital adequacy requirement? What measures have commercial banks taken to ensure compliance with the capital adequacy requirement?Methodology:A descriptive survey design was applied to a population of 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya. The target population composed of the 159 management staff currently employed at the head offices of the various commercial banks in Kenya. The population was composed of Senior, Middle and Junior or Entry level Management staff. A sample of 30% was selected from within each group.Primary data was gathered using questionnaires which were dropped off at the bank’s head offices and picked up later when the respondents had filled the questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative data while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.Results:The findings show that capital adequacy requirement is important in commercial banks because it leads financial stability in the Kenyan economy, improves credit risk management techniques as poor credit risk management requires more capital and leads to reduced vulnerability to liquidity shocks due to the sound capitalization policies being implemented under the Basel III framework. Findings also revealed that capital adequacy affected the balance sheet structure of the commercial banks in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that banks should continue the pursuit of various strategies to ensure that they are in compliance with Basel III requirements and the Central Bank of Kenya’s Prudential Guidelines. The staff of this committee should be drawn from mainly the finance, legal, compliance and treasury departments. Compliance with the capital requirements will lead to a safety net for all commercial banks as the additional capital will act as a cushion that absorbs losses in case of distress in the commercial banking sector.
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Shapoval, T. V. "Legal nature of the ivsc international standards." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 63 (August 9, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.63.30.
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The article is focused on legal nature of International Valuation Standards Committee (renamed to International Valuation Standards Council in 2008) and implementation of its valuation standards by states and international organizations. The paper concentrates on legal gaps regarding the application aspects of property value calculations in international law. Treaties do not provide substantial determinacy, include no instruction or the appropriate methodology on numerous calculation issues and typically set forth only basic standard of valuation such as standard of fair market value of property for the calculation of compensation. It shows that lack of standards for determining awards of compensation creates a source of uncertainty for protection in international public law. The issue discusses a framework where international valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations are given legal weight and serve as guidelines for the calculation of awards. After establishing the legal basis for an award, tribunals use their impression of valuation best practices as well as discretion to conduct the analysis. The result depends on the assumptions and philosophy of the adjudicating tribunal. It is emphasized that international arbitration practice in measures of compensation should be based on principles of fairness and reasonableness.
Part of the issue is based on Directive of European Union with provisions that valuation standards of states should take into account internationally recognised valuation standards, in particular those developed by the International Valuation Standards Committee, the European Group of Valuers’ Associations or the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. Member states of European Union admitted valuation standards of international non-governmental organizations as reliable standards for the credit purposes after the financial crisis, which has shown that irresponsible behaviour by market participants can undermine the foundations of the financial system leading to potentially severe social and economic consequences.
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Lavrushin, Oleg, and Natalia Sokolinskaya. "Retraction: Confidence level and credit risk analysis in Russian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.04.
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Retracted on August 17, 2020 by the Journal’s owner and Publisher. Type of retraction – plagiarism.There wasn’t a request for this retraction, but the reason for investigation of plagiarism fact was the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s report “Predatory Journals at Scopus and WoS: Translation Plagiarism from Russian Sources”: https://kpfran.ru/wp-content/uploads/plagiarism-by-translation-2.pdf” dated August 12, 2020. The publishing house has familiarized itself with the report. The article by Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin (2019). Asset allocation in equity, fixed-income and cryptocurrency on the base of individual risk sentiment. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(2), 171-181. doi:10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.15 was mentioned in this report. It is noted that translation plagiarism was detected in this article - http://wiki.dissernet.org/wsave/IMFI_2019_2_1publ.html. Due to this the publishing house carried out an investigation on possible cases of plagiarism of all articles of these authors (Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin) published in “Business Perspectives” journals. When the manuscript "Confidence level and credit risk analysis in Russian banks" was submitted to the Journal for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. Then, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs. Plagiarism was not detected. On August 12, 2020 the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s presented the report. Editorial staff decided to re-test all articles of mentioned authors for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs – the programs didn’t show the plagiarism, then the articles were tested for translation plagiarism by the experts of “Business Perspectives” and plagiarism was detected (plagiarism and paraphrases from Russian-language sources). According to the results of the investigation, the Publisher and owner of the journal decided to retract this article because of plagiarism on August 17, 2020.The authors were notified of such a decision.
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Zelenkevich, Marina, and Natallia Bandarenka. "ASSESSMENT OF DIRECTION FOR COORDINATION OF MONETARY REGULATION OF INVESTMENT IN THE INTEGRATION UNIONS." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie, no. 53(126) (January 27, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/zn.2020.53.03.
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In the context of globalization and regionalization, central banks pursuing monetary policy in the country at the same time become subjects of monetary regulation within the framework of the integrational associations of which they are members. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of monetary policy on investment and economic growth in integration unions and determine the appropriateness of their coordination. To achieve the goal, a method of correlation-regression analysis is proposed, one which allows for the identifying and assessing of the degree of influence of certain directions of monetary policy of the countries of the integration association on the indicators of investment and economic growth. As a result of the analysis, the expediency of coordination and implementation of a coordinated policy of central banks to stimulate the deposit and credit policy of commercial banks was proved, which positively affects the characteristics of supply and demand in the integrated investment market. The assessment of the directions of the coordination of monetary investments regulation was carried out on the example of an integration association - the Union of Belarus and Russia and can be extended to other integration associations with the participation of Belarus, in particular, to the monetary interaction of countries within the Eurasian Economic Union. The analysis is based on the statistical data of the National Statistical Committee and the National Bank of the Republic Belarus, the EAEU Department of Statistics, as well as statistical information from the Central Bank of Russia and the Union of Russia and Belarus.
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Zeman, Zoltan, Peter Kalmar, and Csaba Lentner. "Evolution of post-crisis bank regulations and controlling tools: a systematic review from a historical aspect." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(2).2018.11.
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Amongst other causes, the excessive and uncontrolled credit growth, the high levels of leverage with insufficient high-quality capital funding, the high degree of systemic risk accompanied with the inadequate capital buffers and the insufficient liquidity buffers and excessive exposure to liquidity risk (Coen, 2016) in the early 2000’s led to first global financial crisis of the millennium in 2008–2009. Although there has been a global effort to consolidate the financial markets, different countries had different levels of regulatory response to the financial crisis, which resulted in different speed of recovery and impact on internal management control processes. This paper delivers a comprehensive review of the key global changes in the financial market and banking regulations since the 2007–2008 financial crisis by conducting a systematic review of the published papers, directives and regulations of the global, especially the new and existing American, European and Ukrainian financial regulatory bodies and International Organizations such as the Basel Committee, IMF, FSB, EU Parliament and Commission. Trend analysis provides some evidence for the stabilization effect of the new regulations, especially in case of countries with stricter supervisory frameworks (such as the Basel Standards). Finally, the impact of the regulatory environment’s changes on the existing internal controlling systems and functions of financial institutions is assessed by comparing the key pre- and post-crisis states of the different management control functions.
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Kuznichenko, Yana, Serhiy Frolov, Fedir Zhuravka, Mykola Yefimov, and Volodymyr Fedchenko. "Regulatory assessment of the bank market risk: international approaches and Ukrainian practice." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(4).2018.07.
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The implementation of international standards for the bank risk assessment and market risk, in particular, in Ukrainian banking practice is aimed at achieving common standards for regulating banking activities in different countries. This should help to increase the banking sector stability in Ukraine and, accordingly, increase the interest of foreign investors.The article deals with the methodological approaches to assessing the bank market risk (in particular, SA, IMA and R-SbM approaches) recommended by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in terms of standardization and unification of the normative framework of capital requirements for Ukrainian banks. Considering the analysis results, it was determined that the choice and implementation of an optimal approach in the context of Ukrainian banking practice can be carried out in one of two alternative scenarios: 1) a simplified version of a sensitivity based method (R-SbM); and 2) a recalibrated version of the Basel II standardized approach. In this case, the Basel II recalibrated version is more acceptable for use by banks, since it is most relevant to volume and complexity of transactions carried out by Ukrainian banks.The obtained results are aimed at improving the existing methodology for calculating the adequacy ratio of banks' regulatory capital (N2), which currently considers only the needs for credit risk coverage, and at refining the methodology in terms of considering banks' market-risk coverage needs.
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Wei, Huilan, and Shunfeng Guan. "Path and Mechanism of Blockchain Embedded in Innovation Management of Cultural and Creative Industrial Park." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9574223.
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As a new business form of Cultural and Creative Industrial Cluster, the management of Cultural and Creative Industrial Park is faced with many difficulties, such as imperfect credit mechanism, lagging efficiency of intellectual property management, difficulties in industrial chain integration and upgrading, and imperfect development evaluation system. The “decentralization” concept of blockchain 3.0 technology can provide guidance value for the management concept innovation of Cultural and Creative Industry Park, and the embedding of technologies such as “smart contract”, “distributed ledger”, and “digital currency” can promote the construction of “programmable management system of Cultural and Creative Industry Park”. According to the analysis path of architecture, function system, and application scenario of park management, this paper constructs the architecture from consensus layer, network layer, and data layer, constructs the function system from the public chain, alliance chain, and private chain, and locates the application scenario from the dimensions such as industrial chain management and government supervision and management; thus, the direction and focus of management innovation of blockchain 3.0 technology embedded in Cultural and Creative Industry Park are clarified. The research results of this paper have good theoretical guidance for the management subjects of Cultural and Creative Industry Park (local government, park management committee, industry organizations, etc.) to determine the path of implementing management innovation by using blockchain 3.0 and to build a scientific park management mechanism.
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Parra, Dora Inés, Isabel Trapero Gimeno, Javier Mauricio Sánchez Rodríguez, Lizeth Catherine Rodríguez Corredor, Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas, Luis Alberto López Romero, Fernando J. García López, et al. "Individual interventions to improve adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, diet and physical activity among adults with primary hypertension. A systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e037920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037920.
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IntroductionHypertension is a chronic disease with 31% worldwide prevalence in adults. It has been associated with non-adherence to therapeutic regime with a negative impact on the prognosis of the disease and healthcare-associated costs. So, it is necessary to identify effective interventions to improve adherence among the afflicted population. The objective of this protocol is to describe the methods for a systematic review that will evaluate the effect of individual interventions so as to improve adherence to the prescribed pharmacological treatment, as well as to prescribed diet and physical activity in adults with primary hypertension.Methods and analysisA systematic search of studies will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, BVS, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Randomised and non-randomised clinical studies conducted in human beings, published from 1 January 2009 to 13 December 2019, are to be included, in any language. Adherence to pharmacological treatment, diet and physical activity, measured by direct and indirect methods, will be the primary outcome. Two independent reviewers will select relevant studies and will extract the data following the Cochrane’s Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Approach and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the risk-of-bias (RoB) 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools. Risk of bias will also be evaluated, and if the criteria are met, a meta-analysis will be finally performed.Ethics and disseminationInformation to be analysed is of a grouped nature, and given that its sources are published studies, no ethics committee approval is required. Results will be published in scientific journals, and in conferences, seminars and symposiums. Copyrights will be addressed by giving due credit through bibliographic references.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020147655
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Kaupelytė, Dalia, Mantas Seilius, and Rūta Zinkevičiūtė. "RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE IN LITHUANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS." Science and Studies of Accounting and Finance: Problems and Perspectives 9, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2014.05.
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Financial institutions have to follow International regulatory requirements and national regulations for risk management disclosure. International regulations are developed by Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (known as Basel II and Basel III) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 7) introduced by International Accounting Standards Board. National requirements in Lithuanian are developed by Lithuanian central bank. Financial institutions, banks, are expected to provide timely and transparent information about risk exposures, correspondence to minimum regulatory requirements, risk computation methods etc. Still there are some questions raised how these de facto regulations are implemented in practice. The goal of empirical research was to investigate the extent of risk management disclosure in Lithuanian commercial banks financial statements. Data sample constituted of 7 commercial banks that are legally registered in Lithuania: AB “Swedbank”, AB “SEB”, AB “DNB”, AB “Citadele”, AB “Medicinos Bankas”, AB “Šiaulių bankas”, AB “Finasta”. The period of 2009 – 2013 was analysed. The content analysis as analytical tool was employed. Research criteria were divided into 5 major groups: general policy, capital adequacy, credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. In total 34 criterions were developed. Coding of text was performed by counting words for each criterion. Our evidence supports the conjecture that Lithuanian commercial banks provide more and more risk reporting. Also, we find that the extent of risk management disclosure is greater with the bigger size of reporting bank. Meanwhile, the extent for different risk management disclosure varies significantly: credit risk management is most reported risk. Further investigations on risk management disclosure in commercial banks should be focused on other reports first, such as annual reports or additional reports, which are provided by banks. Second, the sample of research is limited and in order to obtain more accurate results it is necessary to expand it. Moreover, authors did not examine liquidity risk, which could be relevant to the results, especially when Basel III accord is in the implementation stage. Third, counting unit can be changed from words to sentences, because sometimes separate words are meaningless and finally, future researches could be focused not only on extent of disclosed information, but also concentrate on the quality of provided information.
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Shamsi-Gooshki, Ehsan, Hasan Bagheri, and Mahmood Salesi. "Evaluation of Iranian Medical Journals from the Perspective of Publication Ethics." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.88.
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Background: Scientific journals will gain real credit when they meet publication ethics standards. This study seeks to evaluate the current status of medical journals’ adherence to some ethical standards. Methods: The 412 scientific journals approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were included in this study. The process of downloading articles and data extraction for seven general and specific indicators related to publication ethics was conducted by trained researchers. Different methods were implemented by the team of colleagues to prevent possible errors in data extraction. After data integration, data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Results: Overall, 408 journals and 3948 articles met the inclusion criteria. The distribution of journals according to the highest journal index was 5.4%, 13.7%, 8.3%, 8.1% and 64.5% for ISI, ESCI, PubMed, Scopus and Other indexes, respectively. In 27.7% of the articles, the review process took over 6 months. According to the results, 6.6% and 31.7% of the articles belonged to the journals’ editors and owner universities, respectively. Journal self-citation was seen in 19.2% of articles and in fewer than half of the articles (45.5%), the status of conflict of interest was declared. In 36.9% of the articles, the code of ethics or university ethics committee approval, and in 36.5% of clinical trial articles, the clinical trial registration code was reported. Conclusion: Modifying processes or introducing new rules for indicators of publication ethics by trustee organizations can improve the current status. These seven indicators can also be used to rank journals.
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Rahayu, Tri Puji, and Nanang Shonhadji. "Risk-based credit analysis using ethnomethodology approach." Indonesian Accounting Review 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v5i2.641.
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The economic activities in Mojokerto Regency are much related to the world of bank-ing. Therefore, banking industries in this regency have a very important role to pro-mote the economy of a country. This study is to determine the credit risk analysis and the causes of the possible occurrence of the risk, as well as the policies conducted to control of the credit risk. This research uses ethnomethodology, a method which focus-es on interview with informants based on their experiments. The data collection me-thod is observation, interview, documentation, and literature study. The result of this study shows the importance of the credit risk control policies, which are implemented by Bank Saudara Mojokerto Branch. Credit risk can be derived from both external and internal. Many researchers focus on the internal risk, such as human error or bad attitude of the bank staff. The implementation of credit risk control policies is intended to anticipate the fraud committed by internal bank staff.
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Rimbano, Dheo. "PENERAPAN SPI–COSO ATAS PEMBERIAN KREDIT DANA BERGULIR KOTAKU." Jurnal Manajemen Kompeten 1, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51877/mnjm.v1i2.47.
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“Kota Tanpa Kumuh” (KOTAKU) program is an advanced program of National Community Empowerment Program of Urban Mandiri that has accelerated program for handling urban slums and reducing poverty and so KOTAKU provides access to financial services for poor households by market – based micro loans with many activities which generate income that usually don’t have any access to other loan sources, to improve their economic conditions and activities those support economic growth and micro business , besides that teach them in managing loans and use it correctly.nevertheless, KOTAKU isn’t micro finance program, KOTAKU role only builds sustainable basic solutions for loan services and non – loan services at the “kelurahan” level. This research goal is to describe whether internal control system credit application applied to KOTAKU has been in accordance with the elements of internal control based on Committee Of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO). The method was used in this research is qualitative method, qualitative method is usually called as naturalistic research method because the research was conducted in the natural conditions, it’s also called as ethnography method, because in the beginning, this method is more widely used for research in cultural anthropology, it’s called as qualitative research because data have been collected and its analysis is more qualitative. The finding results is rolling loan lending system that is conducted by KOTAKU has completed internal controlling aspects based on COSO, except control activities components in the elements of separation of duties, namely lending isn’t separate from the loan inspection , and supervision component on the element of internal auditing that is internal which is not separate by LKM. And the recommendation can be given those are (1) giving and checking loans, and (2) internal auditing should be separated by LKM officer so that there is no collusion and irregulaties.
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Feridun, Mete, and Alper Özün. "Basel IV implementation: a review of the case of the European Union." Journal of Capital Markets Studies 4, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcms-04-2020-0006.
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PurposeIntroducing radical changes to the methodologies for the determination of capital requirements, the final stage of the Basel III standards, which is referred to as “Basel IV” by the industry, will be a significant challenge for the global banking sector. This article reviews the main components of the new framework, analyses its ongoing implementation in the European Union and discusses its potential impact on banks, putting forward policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses primary sources such as the publications by the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision and the European Commission. It also reviews the secondary sources, including both academic articles and analyses by various stakeholders. However, this article does not undertake any empirical analysis.FindingsThis article discusses that Basel IV will introduce strategic, operational and regulatory challenges for banks in scope. It also identifies a number of areas which are subject to further debate in the European Union such as the enhanced due diligence requirements under the new credit risk framework; governance, reporting and control rules under the operational risk framework; exemptions for certain derivative transactions under the credit valuation adjustment framework and the level of application of the capital floors within banking groups. This article concludes that the global implementation of the reforms by all jurisdictions and transposition into national banking laws concurrently with the European Union in line with the Basel Committee's implementation timeline is important from a financial stability standpoint.Originality/valueThe article presents an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the practical implications of Basel IV standards. It analyses the implementation of the standards in the case of the European Union, reviews the potential policy implications and presents recommendations for risk management practitioners.
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Gadzhiev, Nazirkhan Gadzhievich, Olga Vladimirovna Kiseleva, Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko, and Olga Viktorovna Skripkina. "Forensic and economic examination of fraud in finance and credit." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-89-99.
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The paper is focused on the problem of detecting crimes committed in the financial sphere. It is a multifaceted study including analysis of global economic crime, statistical laws
of crime development, as well as the international experience of identifying them. The crimes committed in the credit and financial sphere are of particular interest in the structure of economic crime, since they cause tremendous damage to the state, undermining the foundations of the country's national economic security. The economic crimes account for about 40% of the total amount of material damage inflicted. Among the most common types of crime in the financial sector is fraud. This category of crime has become widespread not only in Russia but also abroad. There has been given a conditional classification of fraud: fraud with credit and debit bank cards; intracorporate fraud of employees of a credit institution; fraud on the Internet and social networks; bank credit and loan fraud; other types of fraudulent activities with bank assets. Investigation of the criminal fraudulent acts in many ways cannot be carried out without using the special knowledge, methods and techniques of a forensic accountant. The right choice of the qualified experts with the necessary level of knowledge, professional skills and experience in the finance and credit by participants in legal proceedings is the basis for an objective, comprehensive and complete study, and the conclusion prepared by a competent expert is one of the evidence in a criminal case. The highly qualified accountant is primarily focused on collecting the documentary evidence of the illegal acts and establishing the exact amount of material damage from fraud. In international practice, there are used the specific methods of gathering evidence, application of which in Russian expert activities would allow revealing the facts of fraud more effectively. There has been stated the important and invaluable role of special accounting knowledge in conducting forensic and economic examination in the investigation of fraud in the finance and credit.
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Mkrtchian, Sona Martirosovna, Lyubov Valentinovna Lobanova, and Larisa Nikolaevna Larionova. "Atonement of harm as an indicator of changes in the legal consciousness of the person who committed a credit fraud." SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111803024.
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The idea of this study is based on the assumption that the reason for the unjustified application of the criminal law provisions on accounting by law enforcement agencies when punishing various variants of positive post-criminal behaviour, which are varieties of atonement of the harm caused by a crime, is a lack of attention to the nature of atonement as one of the indicators of positive changes in the legal consciousness of a person who has committed a crime, that is, an insufficiently thorough assessment of the characteristics of the personality of the perpetrators, the degree of rooting of antisocial attitudes in their minds, as well as the level of assimilation of legal values and ideals of law-abiding behaviour. The purpose of the study is to identify and study the aspects of the content of the term “atonement of harm” in the meaning provided for in clause “k” part 1 of Art. 61 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the interpretation of the corresponding varieties of positive post-criminal behavior as an indicator of a change in the legal consciousness of a person who has committed a credit fraud. The study is based on the widespread use of the formal legal research method in conjunction with the philological, systemic and logical methods of interpreting regulations. A comprehensive analysis of the content of various types of atonement of the harm caused by a crime as the indicators of positive changes in the legal consciousness of a person who committed credit fraud was carried out for the first time. The results of this study can be used to improve the practice of application of criminal-legal means of accounting for positive post-criminal behavior in the form of atonement when imposing punishment not only on credit fraudsters, but also on persons who have committed other crimes. The author’s concept of the criteria that form the content of the varieties of making amends is presented herein.
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Serwadda, Isah. "Impact of Credit Risk Management Systems on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Uganda." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 6 (2018): 1627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061627.
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The paper is set to analyse the impact of credit risk management on the financial performance of commercial banks in Uganda for a period of 2006–2015 using panel data for a sample of 20 commercial banks. The study employs return on assets as a dependent variable and non‑performing loans, growth in interest earnings and loan loss provisions to total loans as credit risk measures. Secondary data is sourced from the Bank scope database, African development bank and the central bank of Uganda. The study employs descriptive statistics, regressions and correlation analysis. Regression models are to estimate the magnitude of significance of credit risk management on the performance of commercial banks in Uganda. The study revealed that credit risk management impacts on the performance of Ugandan commercial banks. The results portrayed that banks’ performance was inversely influenced by non‑performing loans which may expose them to large magnitudes of illiquidity and financial crisis. Thus given such results, the researcher recommends that banks need to enhance their credit risk management techniques not only to earn more profits but also to maintain a qualitative asset portfolio and attention be given to non‑performing loans, loan loss provision to total loans and growth in interest earnings that were found to be significant. Banks need to design appropriate credit policies that must handle all necessary conditions before advancing credit to their customers and also develop strong credit administration committees and teams that must conduct appropriate and sound loan appraisal evaluations and which must also monitor the loans throughout the required processes right from extending a loan to a customer up to the completion of loan repayments so as to mitigate credit risks.
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Sereda, Irina, and Maria Kostyuchenko. "Criminological Indicators of Credit Fraud." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).441-452.
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The spread of such crimes as illegal obtaining of a loan and malicious evasion of settling accounts payable is one of the factors contributing to the growth of credit fraud that considerably worsens the current criminogenic situation and poses a real danger to the economic security of the state. Statistical data characterizing crime fraud have decreasing since 2009, which does not, however, mean that the sphere of lending has become criminologically free, as the above-mentioned crimes are long-term and are uncovered only two or three years after they were committed. This, in its turn, affects the latency level of credit fraud in general. A reduction in the number of registered credit frauds is also influenced by the fact that it is becoming more and more common that the banks turn down practically all types of retail loan applications. Main grounds for refusals are credit history of consumers and their debt burden. Another common ground for refusals is a discrepancy between the data declared by the applicant and the information possessed by the creditor. In a systemic connection with the generally known negative phenomena accompanying social development, these circumstances have a powerful criminogenic potential. An unfavorable trend is also observed for one of the key indicators of the work of law enforcement bodies - that of the share of solved crimes of this type. The analysis of criminotropic risks showed that the possibility of being sentenced to incarceration for credit fraud is, on average, 2,1 %. It testifies to the absence of a real possibility of being punished for such crimes.
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EMSHOFF, JAMES G., and WILLIAM S. DAVIDSON. "The Effect of “Good Time” Credit on Inmate Behavior." Criminal Justice and Behavior 14, no. 3 (September 1987): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854887014003005.
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The elimination of a state “good time” policy allowed an examination of the effects of this policy on inmate behavior. Only inmates convicted of certain offenses were affected and the change was not retroactive, creating control groups not affected by the policy change. Data sources included misconduct reports (for relatively minor incidents), critical incident reports, and lists of inmates who participated in riots. Analyses of variance indicated that inmates not covered by the good time policy committed more misconducts and were more likely to participate in riots, but that main effects for time and type of offense accounted for these results. Critical incident data indicated a similar effect for type (but not time) of offense. These findings are discussed in terms of factors affecting inmate behavior and its measurement, prison management, and behavior theory.