Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crédit – Gestion du risque'
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Loulid, Hanane. "Analyse comportementale du risque de crédit : cas du Crédit Immobilier Général." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST3014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the assessment of credit risk with a behavioral approach in a context of asymmetric information and bounded rationality. We seek through this analysis, to reconcile the "business experts" and statisticians, incorporating human behavior into the design of tools for quantitative assessment of credit risk in order to optimize the management of this risk.The assessment of credit risk is based on models and statistical techniques more advanced. We cite as examples of models JP Morgan Credit Metrics, model and KMV's Portfolio Credit Model Mekinsey or scoring models introduced to assess the quality of the risk of borrowers. Several studies underline the importance of these quantitative models. Indeed, Scot FRAME and AL showed that the use of scoring models is effective in reducing the cost of information in large U.S. banks. The results of these models depend on the realization of the risk factors specific to each borrower and systemic risk factors. However, the current financial crisis has highlighted the failure of these models, both theoretical models that rating business models used by practitioners in assessing credit risk. All these constructions have not been able to integrate fully all the information and treat the complexity of interactions between variables determining the risk because they are based on purely statisti cal techniques who can represent the linear relationships between risk default and the variables that are at the origin without taking into account the behavior of credit risk manager, in optimizing its management.Given the limitations of the quantitative approach, we have converged on a behavioural approach that combines statistical techniques and human behaviour based on consideration and validation of collective decision rules emerging from the discussions and confrontations. This behavioural approach that takes into account the rationality of decision makers through an expert model we will firstly build a normative framework for analysis to identify and assess credit risk and also integrate these rules systems in operational decisions.Our research has a substantial multiple. It sheds light on the theoretical optimization of the decision of the banks in a context of uncertainty through a model bearing both on the quantitative assessment models of credit risk and human behavior. The assessment of credit risk through our approach will also determine the amount of capital necessary to cover credit risk. Thus, it will allow banks to establish an optimal allocation of capital and adequate pricing of loans based on an accurate assessment of credit risk. This brings great interest to banks and customers too
Jiao, Ying. "Risque de crédit : modélisation et simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002180.
Full textDiab, Maalouf Rubeiz Christiane. "Le risque du crédit au Liban : une évaluation empirique." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20003.
Full textThe Credit Risk which existed in all financial contracts constitutes the principal resource of loss for the banks and financial institutions in Lebanon. During the last years, the measure and the risk management have grown an importance in the banking industry, causing a development of new tools especially for the Corporate. The banking authorities, who are realizing this evolution, have decided to reform the regulation of the Capital Adequacy. Thus, the reform of Basle II proposes new allocation of assets based on better evaluation of risk. Basle II incites the banks to be provided by performing internal system of scoring of all their customers (Retail and Corporate).For this purpose, the Lebanese banking sector has shown, in matters of credit, an unprecedented evolution, consequence of three principal changes:a growing role of financial market in the international financial system; an emergence in the middle of banks of new quantitative techniques of Management of Credit Risk; a banking regulation in progress of change.This thesis have for objective to present all the different risk, take stock of their management in the midst of Lebanese banks and to provide a lighting on the new track of development viewed for these banks in order to come from the high risk
Nguyen, Ha Thu. "Credit Scoring et ses applications dans la gestion du risque du crédit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100057.
Full textWhile credit scoring has been broadly used for more than fifty years and continued to be a great support on decision-making in countless businesses around the world, the amount of literature, especially empirical studies, available on this subject is still limited. Our aim in this thesis is to fill this gap by providing a profound analysis on credit scoring and credit decision processes, with various applications using real and extensive sets of data coming from different countries. The thesis is organized in three chapters. Chapter 1 starts by presenting the credit scoring development process, and provides an application to real data from a France-based retail bank. Aiming at providing new insights regarding emerging countries, Chapter 2 analyzes the Chinese consumer lending market and investigates the use of credit scoring in such a promising market. Chapter 3 goes further than the previous methodological literature and focuses on reject inference techniques which can be a way to address the bias when developing a credit-scoring model based solely on accepted applicants. These chapters provide a round tour on credit scoring, after which major issues in credit scoring are treated
Wamba, Henri. "La gestion du risque bancaire en matiere d'accord de crédit aux entreprises." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN11008.
Full textThe banker lending money to firms runs a permanent risk of not having the loan repaid as scheduled, or of receiving only partial repayment. The multiplicity of quantitative factors and the nature of qualitative factors both internal and external to the firm show the difficulty banks are having in finding a simple method or rather a viable model of bank risk management. Thus, after review of the financial theory and an impirical study we made in banks on bank risk taking (part i) and the coverage of this risk (part 2), we have proposed in our work an explnatory model of the banker's behaviour when he is faced with the decision whether to give loan or not
Petey, Joël. "Mesure et contrôle du risque de crédit et performance de la gestion des risques dans les banques." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30019.
Full textThe dissertation deals with measure and control of credit risk and the risk management performance of banks. The first part of the dissertation presents the construction, the evaluation and applications of a Value at Risk model of SME credit risk. Chapter 1 presents the most commonly used credit risk models in the financial industry trom which are derived methodological conclusions for the modelling of SME credit risk. Chapter 2 studies the stability of transition matrices computed from ratings records. The observed instability of rating transitions leads to introduce a segmentation of the borrowers population and to account for the variance of default rates in the credit risk model. Chapter 3 presents the construction of the loss density functions trom which are derived Value at Risk leve!s for a large trench SME portfolio. Chapter 4 evaluates different specifications of the credit risk model grounding on a bootstrap procedure. Finally, chapter 5 outlines a capital allocation scheme applicated to credit pricing and regulatory capital allocation. The second part of the dissertation presents a risk management performance measure applied to a sample of french banks. The evaluation of the performance of risk management at the bank's level is operated by the construction of a risk retum frontier of the financial sector trom which are derived non parametric DEA efficiency scores. The scores are obtained by combining risk and retum indicators estimated trom a an expense function using the Almost Ideal Demand System (chapter 6). Chapter 7 gathers explanatory models of the efficiency scores. We in particular test the relationships between size and efficiency on the one hand, and between capitalization, risk and efficiency on the other hand
Venard, Nicolas. "Réglementation prudentielle et gestion des risques bancaires : application aux banques francaises." Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLE0502.
Full textThe economic function of banks is to transform illiquid assets into liquid deposits. This activity exposes them to panics and bank runs. In order to minimize financial instability, public authorities created deposit-insurance and tried to resolve the problem of moral hazard (due to the existence of alender of last ressort) by regulating bank's financial structure. However, standardised prudential ratios, when imposed to an heterogene ousgroup of intermediaries (with a wide range of activities) donot insure of the stability of the banking system, even though they have an impact on the cost of capital. We analyse french prudential ratios in order to calculate the economic impact of a particular of regulation
Dao, Thi Thanh Binh. "Approche structurelle du risque de crédit avec des processus mixtes diffusion-sauts." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090006.
Full textThis thesis proposes three essays in the modelling of the firm's asset value as a jump diffusion process within the structural approach of credit risk with endogenous default barrier. The first deals with the modelling of a perpetual coupon debt structure using two different jump diffusion processes: double exponential and uniform. The second essay models a debt structure of perpetual roll-over of coupon and principal, where the firm's asset value follows a double exponential jump diffusion process. The third essay develops a structural model with zero-coupon debt structure, and takes into account a stopping time marked by a significant downward jump following important bad news of the firm. In our three essays, we obtain a level of credit spreads closer to the market data and confirm the existence of an optimal capital structure, which takes into account the risk-free rate, the firm risk, the tax rate, the default costs and the jump sizes
Gauthier, Claire. "Trois essais empiriques sur le risque de crédit : Modèles intensité, modèle multifactoriel, valeurs extrêmes." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0061.
Full textCredit risk materializes by a firm default, and by the spread movements following a decrease of an issuer's credit quality. In the first chapter of this thesis, an intensity model considering default as an unpredictable event is implemented. The second chapter presents a multifactor models for credit spreads, based on a wide range of explanatory variables, and using panel data econometry to build theoretical credit spreads. This model is a good tool to analyse and forecast credit spreads. The third chapter underlines the non normality of credit spreads distributions, and characterize their distribution using extreme value theory
Boumediene, Aniss. "Gestion de risque de crédit, risque de solvabilité et excès de liquidité dans les banques islamiques : une solution." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010023.
Full textFakih, Houssam. "Développement et essais de modélisation du risque de crédit." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30002.
Full textIn recent years, enonnous strides have been made in the art and science of credit risk measurement and management. The main reason for this change has resulted in dissatisfaction with traditional approaches to credit risk measurement and with the current regulatory model. The new models of credit risk seek to offer alternative "internal model" approaches to measuring the credit risk of a loan or a portfolio of loans. The thesis provides the motivation for the recent growth of the new credit risk models. It briefly overviews traditional models of risky debt evaluation and examines tbe approaches of tbe new internal models. This thesis presents also two essays on credit risk. Ln the first essay, Networth-to-asset ratio is identified as a primary index for default process modeling. The default condition is defined when the ratio becomes negative the first time. A mean-reverting dynamic model for the default process is justified by using tbeory of optimal capital structure. A discrete time trinomial Markov chain model is developed. A matrix method is given to numerically approximate the default risk in a specific future period. The second essay develops a default risk model that matches the initial default risky term structure, allowing for state dependent default probability and stochastic recovery rate. The default time is modeled as the first jump of a Poisson type process, with time and default-free rate dependent jump intensity. It develops a forward induction algorithm for matching the initial credit yield spread
Maimoun, Ahmed. "L'impact des normes IAS/IFRS sur la perception du risque de crédit." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0026.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the impact of the standards IAS / IFRS on the perception of the risk of the credit. In the first party of this work, we are going to study the role of the accounting information in the perception of the credit risk. Then the impact of the standards IAS / IFRS on the accounting information, its advantages and its inconveniences and the results of the various empirical studies testing the informative contents of the accounting information in just value. In second party, this study analyzes if the transition of the French accounting standards, towards the reference table IAS/IFRS, impacts in a significant way the estimation of the risk of defect stemming from traditional accounting models (first chapter). In the second chapter of this party, we studied the impact of the standards IAS / IFRS on the ratios used by the financial analysts of the Bank of France. Finally, a quantitative study is realized with the financial analysts representing in the directory published by the French Company of the Analysts Financiers (SFAF). The obtained results show that the impact of the standards IAS / IFRS in a moderated effect on all these methods
Nieto-Bru, Gisèle. "L'appropriation des outils de gestion du risque dans les projets : le cas du Crédit Agricole." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0508/document.
Full textThe observation of the difficulties encountered by students in understanding the logic of risk monitoring in a project was at the origin of this thesis. Interviews conducted within banks of the Centre region revealed differences in the levels of maturity in project management and in the appropriation phases. The appropriation of tools by those instrumental in organisation is therefore not self-evident. The aim of this thesis was to consider the psycho-cognitive and social approach to the usage of the tools. Usage of a tool was measured by the intensity of the frequency of its use. A questionnaire was sent out to project managers, members of different services and/or the steering committee within the Crédit Agricole bank. The theorisation of management tools, the dissonance theory and the technology acceptance theory were applied to study the relationship between the tool and its user. The study made it possible to conclude that those who use the tools the most frequently do not feel more obliged to use them than those who use them less often. The former also consider the tools to be easier and more suitable than the less frequent users, but they do not privilege certain types of tool. The originality of the thesis was to introduce the concept of social representation. Hypotheses based on the theory of creation of knowledge, cultural theories and social representation theories are put forward to explain the different usage of the tools. The conclusion was that professional culture has a marked effect on the use of risk management tools in projects
Chouillou, Antoine. "Modélisation du risque de crédit en banque de détail avec application au calcul et à l'allocation de capital réglementaire et économique." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0007.
Full textThis thesis deals with regulatory and economic capital computation for retail banking credit risk. For regulatory capital computation, we put forward a loss-based approach at the one year horizon. Thus the model for portfolio aggregation is developped under two setups: Basel II and the so-called extended Basel II. Capital requirements are calculated with indicators from the loss distribution. We insist on the benefits of our more general correlation structure, core of the extended Basel II approach, to take into account the diversification effect. Next, we compute economic capital in an innovative value based framework. Capital is then defined as the expected value of the portfolio at the horizon, with a deduction for the Expected Shortfall of the distribution value
Nieto, Gisele. "L'appropriation des outils de gestion du risque dans les projets : le cas du Crédit Agricole." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476258.
Full textBru, Gisèle. "L'appropriation des outils de gestion du risque dans les projets : le cas du Crédit Agricole." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496795.
Full textArmenti, Yannick. "XVA analysis, risk measures and applications to centrally cleared trading." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE021/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with various issues related to collateral management in the context of centralized trading through central clearing houses. In the first place, we present the notions of cost of capital and funding cost for a bank, placing them in an elementary Black–Scholes framework where the payoff of a standard call is used as the exposure at default of a counterparty. It is assumed that the bank can’t perfectly hedge this call and must face with a funding cost higher than the risk free rate, hence pricing corrections of the FVA and KVA type appear in top of the Black–Scholes price. Then, we look at the different costs that a bank has to face when trading in the CCP context. To this end, we transpose the well-known XVA analysis framework from the bilateral trading world to the central clearing one. The total cost for a member trading through a CCP is thus decomposed into a CVA corresponding to the cost for the member to reimburse its contribution to the guarantee fund in the event of losses due to the defaults of other members, a MVA which is the cost of financing its initial margin and a KVA corresponding to the cost of capital put at risk by the member in the form of its contribution to the guarantee fund. Afterwards, we question the previously used regulatory assumptions, focusing on alternatives in which members would borrow their initial margin to a third party who would post the margin instead of the member himself, and this, in exchange for remuneration. We also consider a method of computing the guarantee fund and its allocation taking into account the risk of the CCP in the sense of fluctuations of its P&L over the following year, as it results from the market risk and the counterparty risk of the members. Finally, we propose the application of multivariate risk measure methodologies for the computation of margins and/or the CCP guarantee fund. We introduce a notion of systemic risk measures in the sense that they are sensitive not only to the marginal risks of the components of a financial system (for example, but not necessarily the positions of the members of a CCP) but also to the dependence of their components
Daoud, Barkat Daoud. "Réglementation du capital bancaire et risque du crédit : évaluation du nouvel accord de Bâle." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE0504.
Full textObégi, Riad. "Risque et crédit : le certificat hypothécaire, une solution pour les pays émergents." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/obegi_r.
Full textThis thesis expounds a way of boosting the economies of emerging countries by drawing on their real estate wealth through omnibus mortgages (cautionnements réels omnibus) called Mortgage Certificates (Certificats Hypothécaires) in favor of depositors at commercial banks. The underlying idea is that the state of an economy is determined by its riskiness and the manner in which it is managed by its economic agents. Credit is one of the primary means of exchanging risk between agents; its optimization therefore leads to both better risk levels and more exchanges. Thanks to Mortgage Certificates, banks will be able to lend more money, the private sector will, through loans, have access to more ample resources, and the owners of the real estate will earn a fee in exchange for the guarantees they are providing. The first two chapters delve into the premise behind this reasoning and the conditions in which the development of credit can be facilitated in emerging countries. More specifically with regards to the conditions, we propose a reform of bankruptcy laws and a full dollarization of the economy to hand back to these countries the autonomy over their monetary policy or more precisely their credit policy. In the last chapter, we examine the legal, administrative and accounting aspects of the Mortgages Certificates and analyze their impact on the banking and real estate sectors as well as on the State. Finally, we assess the macroeconomic consequences of the introduction of this innovative instrument. Applying the underlying assumptions to the template of the Lebanese economy leads to a GDP increase of over 9% per year in the five years following its implementation. The thesis also develops ancillary ideas such as a proposal to establish a real estate policy and the development of a new economic model based on the division of wealth between property rights (droits réels) and receivable rights (droits personnels)
Dan, Baky Agada. "Essai d'analyse théorique des problèmes d'asymétrie d'information sur le marché d'assurance emprunteurs." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE0504.
Full textDiane, Fatou. "Gestion des risques de crédit et stabilité financière dans les pays de l'UEMOA." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24021.
Full textThis thesis tries to measure the impact of the risk management of credit in the financial stability of the countries of the WAEMU. After a detailed this thesis focuses on measuring the impact of credit risk management on the financial stability of WAEMU countries. A detailed analysis of the financial sector leading to a better command of existing financing methods in the zone, a better understanding of financial institutions funding reveals the common point of these components : the credit. The WAEMU financial sector dominated by the banking sector is under the control and supervision of the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO). It is in charge of the financial stability management and as a result the risk attached to credits. Commercial banks also play their part in this risk management. The search for reasons behind the failure and high banking costs within the union lead to revisiting the WAEMU banking experience characterized by high transactions costs and rigidities and which tends to exclude low income people who represent a non negligible part of the population. Microfincance institutions therefore constitute an appropriate substitute to formal bank. Other financing sources add up to the financial system especially with the rise of migration leading to the financial sector expansion
Penalver, Adrian. "Essays on bank credit risk managment with long-term lending." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0104.
Full textDuring the course of a long-maturity loan, a borrower's ability to repay can change quite considerably. At any point in time, this repayment capacity is known by the borrower but if it is costly for the bank to become informed, it may only monitor individual loans infrequently. This thesis presents a static theoretical model in which a profit-maximizing bank chooses its monitoring frequency and a minimum level of profitability at which the loan is allowed to continue. The model is then used to argue that the relaxation in crédit standards and lower crédit spreads observed prior to the financial crisis is better explained by a rise in global savings rather than lax monetary policy. The static model is then extended to include aggregate shocks to explain the evolution of credit terms over the business cycle. This analysis suggests that many features of the credit cycle could be rational. A further extension considers the effects of fixed interest rates on the evolution of credit risk and the cross-sectional distribution of the profitability of firms
Sestier, Michael. "Analyse des sensibilités des modèles internes de crédit pour l'étude de la variabilité des RWA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E010.
Full textIn the aftermath of the 2007-2009 crisis, several studies led by the Base! Committee showed a large dispersion of risk-weighted assets (RWA) among banks, a significant part of which would come from the internal model's assumptions. Consequently, new regulations aiming at finding a balance between risk sensitivity, simplicity and comparability have then been developed. These ones notably include constraints on models / parameters for the internal assessment of the credit RWA for both the banking and the trading books. ln this context, the thesis work mainly consists in analyzing the relevance of such constraints to reduce the RWA variability. It makes extensive use of sensitivity analysis methods, particularly the ones based on the Hoeffding's decomposition. Regulatory treatments of the credit parameters (default correlations, default probabilities -DP -and loss given default -LGD) form the backbone of the developments. The findings suggest mixed results of the reforms. On the one hand, the constraints on the correlations for the trading book have a low impact on the RWA variability. On the other hand, the constraints on OP and LGD parameters, having a greater impact on the RWA variability, should be considered with more caution. The studies finally provide evidence that variability is amplified by the regulatory measurement of the risk and the multiple sources of calibration data.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Laurent, Jean-Paul. "Gestion de nouveaux produits et de risques financiers." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010053.
Full textBen, yahya Amina. "Credit risk determinants and connections in the euro zone." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131035/document.
Full textThe outbreak of the Subprime debt in 2007, followed by the European debt crisis in 2011, drew attention to credit risk, its causes and implications. Since then, the economic policy makers are seeking to and a way to regulate the movementson the bond and debt market. Thus, the Basel III appeared under the guidance of the Financial Stability Board. These are reforms aiming at strengthening the financial system in order to assert the financial soundness of banks by imposingloan conditions and requirements including a minimum level of Capital. Works studying the credit risk with its diferent fronts boomed. Credit risk modeling has expanded tremendously. This thesis fits into a macroeconomic branchon a European scale. We try to identify the determinants of credit risk on the sovereign and banking levels and to study the connections between both. In the first section, Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modeling (ARDL), weempirically investigate the link between the macroeconomic fundamentals and sovereign credit risk for particular countries in the Euro zone. The studied sample was affected by disadvantageous economic conditions. We did not retain the same macroeconomic factors to explain the risk of default for the selected countries. The results, indicate that the reditworthiness of the studied entities depends largely on macroeconomic fundamentals with various elasticities which require a different economic policy for each country. The assessment of the results shows that the unemployment rate is the most influential variable especially for countries with disadvantageous economic conditions. The estimated relationships are globally stable in the long run (for 7 out of 9 countries), while the short run links are rare (except the unemployment rate). In the second section, we investigate the long-run relationships between European Banks' Credit default swap spreads and contextual factors using Bounds testing approach to cointegration (ARDL-ECM). The results reveal that in the long run, an increase of the inflation and/or the home countries' credit risk rise the European banks' credit risk as measured by credit default swap spreads. The estimatessuggest that the devaluation of the Euro, makes Euro-denominated debt less costly which lowers the credit risk of the European entities. Yet, unlike what is expected, our analysis shows that the market value of an entity as well as the stock index in which the firm is registered are becoming insignificant in explaining its credit risk. In this last section, we investigate the evolution and the expansion of the CDS network among the studied entities over the 2008 - 2013 period by splitting it intothree sub-periods. We highlight the variation of the connectedness according to the financial and economic characteristics of each studied sub-period. We found that the resulting relationships are not symmetrical and that they vary considerablydepending on the state of the region economy. We also show that just before huge financial turmoil phases, the risk transfer is very important increasing contagion and the systemic risk, while it drops significantly during uncertainty times marked by mistrust spread. This is particularly important in the European Union as countries adopt the same monetary policies while being heterogeneous
Rakotovololona, Andry Lalaina. "Le risque de crédit dans la stratégie bancaire : déterminants quantitatifs et perspectives d'innovation sur les marchés émergents." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010035.
Full textBéal, Luc. "Contribution des systèmes d'information et de communication (S. I. C. ) à la performance de la gestion du risque de crédit." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0035.
Full textMbengue, Mohamed Lamine. "Le spread de crédit sur le marché obligataire de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090089.
Full textBacha, Sami. "Implantation et développement d'un système de gestion des risques bancaires dans une structure publique : le cas des Caisses de Crédit municipal." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0048.
Full textThis thesis concerns the accounting management of public organizations. Our interest bears on banking industry and specially on public state bank such as "Caisse de Crédit Municipal" (CCM). Based on a research realized within these organizational and cultural factors allowing an active risk management. Taking the place of a public banking decision-maker, we want to conceive an accounting management system that will be adapted to public organization specificity
Hachicha, Elleuch Salma. "Les décisions de crédit et la sélection adverse : une étude des stratégies des banques tunisiennes." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20001.
Full textThe theoretical developments relative to the asymmetric information hypothesis have allowed remodelling the analysis of relations between borrowers and lenders, in regard to customer relationships that can attenuate the adverse selection problems. The relational financing appears to be a two-fold winning game : the first, for firms which can benefit from favourable credit conditions then for banks which thus acquire more quality information. Equally, studying the behaviour of banks shows that the decentralization within the bank is-if not necessary-at least favourable to the development of such relationships. Our thesis encompasses these two main angles. A quantitative survey completed by a qualitative approach carried out on data of 122 Tunisian small and medium sized firms from 1996 to 2001 enables us to enhance the role that customer relationships play in reducing interest charges, collateral requirements and credit rationing. A questionnaire to 207 customer bank officers confirms the hypothesis according to which decentralization has a positive impact on inciting these executives to search qualitative information characterising the relational bank financing
Ramos-Tallada, Julio. "Les risques de bilan bancaires dans le canal étroit du crédit : micro-fondements de la transmission de la politique monétaire et illustration par le comportement des banques au Brésil." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090040.
Full textLa capacité de la politique monétaire à provoquer des déplacements de l’offre de prêts bancaires est la condition la plus controversée de la transmission via le canal étroit. Cette thèse analyse comment la gestion des principaux risques de bilan affecte les choix des banques confrontées à un choc monétaire. Le courant dominant avance une logique de précaution : la transmission est amplifiée par des contraintes de liquidité, résultant des frictions sur les marchés de capitaux. Or, nous montrons que certaines imperfections tendent à atténuer la réponse des banques à un choc aléatoire sur leur base de dépôts. Nous proposons ensuite une approche basée sur l’optimisation conjointe des risques de crédit, de marché et de taux d’intérêt. Ce motif de diversification gouverne la réponse des banques aux impulsions monétaires même lorsque leur risque de liquidité est faible. Le cas du Brésil en est une bonne illustration. Les crises monétaires passées ont façonné les structures financières : les banques émettent une ample gamme de substituts de la monnaie et détiennent une proportion élevée de titres/crédit. Dans ce cas de figure, nos résultats suggèrent qu’une réduction de la volatilité des taux courts et un allongement des maturités des titres peuvent améliorer l’efficacité de la transmission
Bon-Michel, Béatrice. "Identification du risque opérationnel et apprentissage organisationnel : étude d'un établissement de crédit, le groupe Société Générale." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0739/document.
Full textOur research has the ambition to study the impact of identifying operational risk within the framework of the evolution of the Basel II regulations.The absence of a theoretical reference relative to the object of our research, the identification of operational risk, the context of strong asymmetry which characterizes the banking organisation, brings us to use two theoretical routes: the contractual theory and more specifically the theory of the agency which better lets us understand the stakes in the implementation of identification. We will also base ourselves on the relative theories of organisational training in an integrative approach of cognitive and behavioural dimensions. Our methodology is based on a case study within a French finance company that has adopted the AMA approach, the approach that is the most developed in terms of operational risk management. Within this establishment, due to their representativeness, we have selected two professions, the “banquede detail” (retail bank) and investment bank. According to an analytical grid of interviews that are based on the components of the regulatory system of identifying operational risk, we present in the second part our results.These results have been analysed first for each profession and then with a vision of case comparison in order to permit a comparison between the cases and to allow the emergence of the invariables in the process of the training identified. The results of our research highlight the interest of the system of risk identification on the compartmental training in the process of response stimulus. However, it also shows the limits within an environment of constant change where the standardisation of processes stops the pertinent utilisation of specific competencies. On the other hand, the type of cognitive training that generates new methods of reasoning at an individual level, structured by the system and developed within the social interaction framework. The exchanges have come from the necessity to identify the risk and to formalize it, oblige the individual to justify him or herself and favorise the confrontation of points of view. These interactions could lead to developing new thinking tied to the needs of the need for argument and the socialisation of the individual thinking that tends to objectivise itself
Caja, Anisa. "Contribution à la mesure des engagements et du besoin en capital pour un assureur crédit." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10157.
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Vo, Thi Phuong Nga. "Impact de la nouvelle réglementation de Bâle sur la tarification du crédit : application à la banque de détail." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE0508.
Full textSeddik, Achraf. "Coporate Bond Valuation and Credit Spreads : Lessons from the Finacial Crisis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD081/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the valuation of corporate bonds, particularly by drawing some lessons from the recent economic and financial crisis. In order to achieve this goal, we propose an approach based on corporate bonds' credit spreads. We start, in the first chapter, by analyzing the main existing valuation models, which we reformulate from the standpoint of credit spreads and which we simulate numerically. We show that, despite the attractive features that the structural models have, the latter exert contain several shortcomings which may be misleading especially in a crisis context. In the second and third chapters, we focus on the empirical credit spreads, which we analyze during the subprime crisis and the Eurozone crisis periods. By the means of : (i) a descriptive analysis, (ii) principal component analyses, and(iii) statistical regression analyses, we manage to shed light on a number of factors which affect the movements of the spreads and have not been addressed by the existing models. Among these factors, we show that : (i) the wave of bailouts that occurred during the crisis has had an important effect on the spreads, and (ii) the size of a firm is connected with its spreads. Based on these empirical results, we propose in the fourth chapter a contribution to the modeling of corporate bonds which accounts for the possibility of firms to negotiate a rescue plan in case of distress. This model allows us, on the one hand, to reproduce the empirical observations of lower credit spreads for higher probabilities of receiving a bailout (as it is the case for large banks), and on the other hand, to tackle several drawbacks of the existing models, such as the simple bankruptcy mechanisms or the low credit spreads for short maturities
Coello, Cerino Luz Maricela. "La réglementation des risques des caisses populaires au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5312.
Full textBurietz, Aurore. "Bank and Sovereign Credit in Financial Turmoil." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0031/document.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to study both the causes that explain the collapse of Lehman Brothers leading to the subprime crisis and its consequences for two different agents, i.e. banks and sovereigns, using several original empirical approaches. We set forth that the subprime crisis found its origins in the combination of a real estate and a credit bubble associated with an increase in moral hazard behaviour, emphasized by the use of financial innovations such as securitization. Hence, in 2008, when financial markets collapsed, European banks in particular became reluctant to lend money which in turn provoked credit crunch and a flight-to-home effect associated to a sectoral bias. As such, national governments had to intervene to support their banking systems and to limit the propagation of the crisis in the real economy. However, we show evidence that these rescue packages raised concerns among investors about the capacity of European sovereigns to manage their own debt. The cost of servicing sovereign debt thus increased and the sovereign debt crisis in the Euro-zone burst. We set forth that this sovereign debt crisis was unique and could not be handled similarly to previous experiences due to significant spillover risks. Nevertheless, our results show that the debt reduction implemented in Greece to solve the crisis was optimal and succeeded in rendering the default option unattractive
Boussaada, Rim. "L'impact de la gouvernance bancaire et de la relation bancaire sur le risque de crédit : cas des banques tunisiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40030/document.
Full textThis research aims to analyse the internal determinants of Tunisian bank risk. We particularlyfocus on the role of bank governance and relationship banking. Based on a sample of 10Tunisian listed banks during 1998-2009, we examine the impact of ownership concentrationand board characteristics on credit risk. Our results demonstrate that the importance ofTunisian banks’credit risk is rooted in bank governance deficiency. This latter wascontributed to implement a reckless credit policy. From the analysis of credit files granted bya Tunisian bank to corporate customers, we attempt to detect the impact of soft and hardinformation on credit risk. Our results suggest a lax attitude of the bank towards someimportant clients, particularly long-standing ones. This attitude may be the root of the creditrisk increase in Tunisia
Toumi, Sirine. "L’impact des mécanismes de gouvernance dans la gestion des risques bancaires et la performance des banques. "Cas de la France , l’Allemagne et le Japon"." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0031/document.
Full textThe study of the internal mechanisms of governance in particular the board of directors and its relationship with the credit risk as well as the performance is the main subject of this thesis. From a sample of 13 French banks, 13 German and 20 Japanese rated during the period 2005 - 2012, we are trying to detect the impact of the characteristics of the Board of Directors and its committees on the credit risk, and on the banking performance. Our results show that the internal mechanisms of governance affect certainly, the level of appropriations non-performing assets and the financial performance of banks, but with mixed effects; they reflect this divergence between countries
Ben, Ayed Ghamgui Myriam. "Essais sur le risque de crédit des obligations : Analyse de la migration des notes et des effets de contagion." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925547.
Full textKouzez, Marc. "L'impact de la règlementation, de l'information et du risque de crédit sur la performance bancaire : le cas du marché Jordanien." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0050.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the performance of Jordanian banks during the recent global crisis that started in 2007-2008. Under this theme, we approach the banking system regulatory issues, the information asymmetry and the credit risk. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the regulations stemming from various Basel agreements, which served as a model for the regulation of the Jordanian banking system. Indeed, not only the philosophy for banking regulation has evolved since the first agreement in 1988, but more interactions have emerged between regulatory systems with information and credit risk management related problems. Following the analysis of these three factors, we will study their role in the evaluation of the banking sector performance. We focus our study on Jordan, a country in which the structure of the banking market has been deeply disturbed in recent years by opening the market to international investors, by changing the prudential standards and the economic consequences of the global financial crisis. Our approach is to conduct a quantitative assessment of credit risk and performance, through the use of statistical and econometric methods. The results show that the degradation in the performance of Jordanian banks starting from 2008 is not mainly the result of the strict regulations implemented by the Central Bank of Jordan, but rather an auto-regulation characterized by the banks excessively cautious attitude to their credit supply, especially after a period of intense competition
Gagnon-April, Jérôme. "Trois essais sur les banques et le pouvoir de marché." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26944.
Full textThis thesis looks at the role of power market in banking. Emphasis is put on risk taking, economies of scale, economic efficiency and shocks transmission. Chapter 1 presents a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with monopolistically competitive banks à la Salop (1979). Following Krugman (1979, 1980) hypothesis about the link between economies of scale and exports, banks have to support a transaction cost on foreign trades that decreases with the size of their local assets (loans). This lead the banks to increase their local loans by reducing their margin. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. Results show that two forces, economies of scale and market power, oppose to each other when the market concentrates. Concentration also leads foreign activities to increase, which makes banks more sensible to foreign shocks. Chapter 2 takes the same basic framework, but where banks face credit risk partially insured by collateral pledged by entrepreneurs and can limit this risk via costly effort. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. We find that higher market power reduces the size of the financial market and steady-state production, but leads to safer banks. In addition, economies with highly concentrated banking systems experience milder fluctuations following most types of shocks, because the higher margins associated with market power serve as a buffer to cushion the economy from adverse shocks, at least initially. This buffer effect is eliminated once we allow for free entry into the banking sector. An other extension with economies of scale shows that a moderately concentrated market can be optimal for the economy. Chapter 3 uses a Mean-Variance portfolio analysis to depict a bank with market power. Return on deposits and assets varies with the quantity traded, which change the bank’s portfolio. Market power on assets lead the bank to choose a more stable portfolio, even if it causes the return to decrease. Similar results occur in the case of deposits, but variance increase for higher degrees of market power. Results are robust for a variety of demand functions.
Ladouce, Florent. "Les entreprises industrielles et commerciales exerçant une activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude juridique des entreprises pluriactives." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0027.
Full textIn a legal system based on a strict division between traditional banks and companies, the existence of companies with banking activities is disturbing. The question is knowing if the law is able to regulate these economic players that shouldn't exist. In trying to find the legal status of these firms, this fear is confirmed. Whereas a formal analysis hides these banking activities, a comprehensive examination reveals that there is a new intermediate category which is not a bank, and not a pure commercial entity. The conflict between the different designations is worrying because regulating the risks created by these firms is at stake. When two different designations, one formal and the other one comprehensive, refer to the same situation, the clash often shows that there is a gap between the rules that are applicable and the rules that should be applied. The contested formal designation carries with it the application of a set of rules that are not adapted to the situation. Even though suprisingly this designation doesn't totally exclude these firms from banking law being applied to them, the difficulty is confirmed. The rules that are applicable to them are too limited, and the regulation of the risks is not perfect. The existence of these firms with many different activities calls for a modification in banking law
Wu, Dong Li. "Density models and applications to counterparty credit risk." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0035/document.
Full textThis thesis is about density models of default times and applications to credit and counterparty risk. The rest part is a theoretical contribution to the study of projections on different filtrations of the Radon-Nikodym density of a measure change. The main result is a characterization of the measure changes preserving immersion in a density setup, obtained by application of our projection formulas. The second part is about an informational dynamization of the Gaussian copula model of portfolio credit risk, resulting in a density model of default times suitable to del with dynamic issues such as hedging of CDO through CDS or counterparty risk on credit derivatives. Here the main contributions are the introduction of the dynamic perspective, which allows one to give a theoretical justification to the Gaussian copula bump sensitivities used by practioners, and the application to CVA computations on CDS
Smondel, Aymen. "Comment les banques octroient les crédits aux PME ?" Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/8003.
Full textThe recommendations of Basel II impose to banks the use of the "hard" information in the decision making process of SMEs loans. These banks must choose between replacing the "soft" information, already used, by the "hard" information and combining the two forms of information. This thesis explores the various elements that can influence this choice and tries to get the effect of this choice on the bank performance. Since, the cost of information is a fundamental element to adopt this choice; we tried to represent a measure to this cost of information. This cost is based on the time required for the collection and processing of the information. It turns out that the use of "hard" information decreases the flexibility of banks to grant loans to SMEs, for this purpose we tried to examine the different elements that influence the decision-making. We tried to integrate the nature of information among the elements studied. The results show a positive relationship between credit availability and the use of "soft" information. Information asymmetry is a major handicap for banks to distinguish between different types of borrower so the decision of rationing can penalize the good borrowers. Banks, which fear the loss of their customers, are looking to find a solution to this situation: they adopt new activities in search to make profits from riskier loans. The latest study of our thesis tries to show the effect of such services on the volume of loans granted and the net interest margin. Keywords: "soft" information, "hard" information, bank-SME relationship, information asymmetries, credit rationing, new services, non-interest income
Guibert, Quentin. "Sur l’utilisation des modèles multi-états pour la mesure et la gestion des risques d’un contrat d’assurance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10256/document.
Full textWith the implementation of the Solvency II framework, actuaries should examine the good adequacy between models and data. This thesis aims to study several statistical approaches, often ignored by practitioners, enabling the use of multi-state methods to model and manage individual risks in insurance. Chapter 1 presents the general context of this thesis and positions its main contributions. The basic tools to use multi-state models in insurance are introduced and classical inference techniques, adapted to insurance data with and without the Markov assumption, are presented. Finally, a development of these models for credit risk is outlined. Chapter 2 focuses on using nonparametric inference methods to build incidence tables for long term care insurance contracts. Since there are several entry-causes in disability states which are useful for actuaries, an inference method for competing risks data, seen as a Markov multi-state model in continuous time, is used. In a second step, I compare these estimators to those conventionally used by practitioners, based on survival analysis methods. This second approach may involve significant bias because the interaction between entry-causes cannot be appropriately captured. In particular, these approaches assume that latent failure times are independent, while this hypothesis cannot be tested for competing risks data. Our approach allows to measure the error done by practitioners when they build incidence tables. Finally, a numerical application is considered on a long term care insurance dataset
Gueye, Djibril. "Some contributions to financial risk management." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAD027.
Full textThis thesis deals with various issues related to quantitative management of financial risks. We are interested, in a first part, in the models of default time in credit risk within the framework of enlargement of filtrations theory. We propose models where the default time can coincide with some instants of economic shocks. We first extend the model of Jiao and Li (2018) in the case where the shocks are not predictable by studying the characteristics of the default time. Secondly, we present the generalized Cox model which is an extension of Lando's (see Lando, 1998). We offer a wide range of examples to ulistate our construction. The second part deals with the construction of volatility surfaces of financial assets under the condition of no arbitrage opportunity (AOA) using kriging methodologies (or Gaussian process regression). Our approach consists in learning kriging on European option prices by taking into account non-arbitrage conditions. These conditions are characterized by shape constraints on prices, namely monotonicity in the direction of maturities and convexity in the direction of strikes. Since these constraints correspond to a finite number of linear inequalities, we adopt a kriging technique under constraints of linear inequalities. For this, we use the method developed by Maatouk and Bay (2016) which is based on the finite-dimensional approximation of the Gaussian process. The Monte Carlo Hamiltonian algorithm of Pakman and Paninski (2014) will be used to simulate the Gaussian coefficients. We propose a method for calculating the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) of the Gaussian process. We compare our method with those of constrained neural networks and SSVIs
Ruiz, Aguilera Philip Frank. "Le financement de projet en droit privé colombien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020071.
Full textProject Finance is always presented as a financial technique which allows to carry out works of great scale. It is a suitable solution for projects which require considerable funds in order to be accomplished and which can be outsourced avoiding the weight of the debt weighing on the balance sheet of the sponsor of the project. It can be defined as an operation in which there is a provision of the required funds for the realization of a specific project by an intermediate entity, known as the “ad hoc project entity”. In such operation the lenders agree to limit, totally or partly, the reimbursement of their loans to the incomes generated by the exploitationof the project as well as to the other assets of such project. This kind offinancing reveals the existence of an adequate “contractual unit” which allows, at the same time, to control the risks of the project and which implies its own legal regime
Varnav, Mihaela. "La gestion des risques juridiques bancaires : étude appliquée aux obligations d'information, de mise en garde et de conseil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010281/document.
Full textBanks are exposed to a multitude of risks. In view of the increased focus on European supervision and on consumer protection in the current regulatory framework, it is appropriate to map, evaluate, monitor and control the banking legal risk, as part of the operational risk. For this purpose, the risk management offers the necessary tools to the credit institutions. Its general approach is completely applicable in the legal field and is adapted to the legal requirements on internal supervision, risk management and determination of a balanced and proper level of own funds. Moreover, it provides a new key for the reading of the duties to disclose information, to caution and to advise that the banks have towards their clients. As a genuine expression of the ordo-liberal paradigm, this triple duty demonstrates that the law cannot ignore the social and economic. These duties are useful for the proper functioning of the market and for the social progress, and they are also the sign of a trend towards resetting the balance in contracts, leaving behind the classic concept of theoretical equality between parties to a contract. There are many legal risks in relation to those three requirements of the bank towards its customers, which can have frequent occurrences and very serious consequences. The study of those risks is meant, inter alia, to identify the overregulation, the ambiguities or the lack of regulation in the current legal framework
Kouassi, Komlan Prosper. "Adaptation des techniques actuelles de scoring aux besoins d'une institution de crédit : le CFCAL-Banque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAB004.
Full textFinancial institutions face in their functions a variety of risks such as credit, market and operational risk. These risks are not only related to the nature of the activities they perform, but also depend on predictable external factors. The instability of these factors makes them vulnerable to financial risks that they must appropriately identify, analyze, quantify and manage. Among these risks, credit risk is the most prominent due to its ability to generate a systemic crisis. The probability for an individual to switch from a risked to a riskless state is thus a central point to many economic issues. In credit institution, this problem is reflected in the probability for a borrower to switch from a state of “good risk” to a state of “bad risk”. For this quantification, banks increasingly rely on credit-scoring models. This thesis focuses on the current credit-scoring techniques tailored to the needs of a credit institution: the CFCAL-banque specialized in mortgage credits. We particularly present two nonparametric models (SVM and GAM) and compare their performance in terms of classification to those of logit model traditionally used in banks. Our results show that SVM are more effective if we only focus on the global prediction performance of the models. However, SVM models give lower sensitivities than logit and GAM models. In other words the predictions of SVM models on defaulted borrowers are not satisfactory as those of logit or GAM models. In the present state of our research, even GAM models have lower global prediction capabilities, we recommend these models that give more balanced sensitivities, specificities and performance prediction. This thesis is not completely exhaustive about the scoring techniques for credit risk management. By trying to highlight targeted credit scoring models, adapt and apply them on real mortgage data, and compare their performance through classification, this thesis provides an empirical and methodological contribution to research on scoring models for credit risk management