Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crédit – Gestion – Modèles mathématiques'
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Fakih, Houssam. "Développement et essais de modélisation du risque de crédit." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30002.
Full textIn recent years, enonnous strides have been made in the art and science of credit risk measurement and management. The main reason for this change has resulted in dissatisfaction with traditional approaches to credit risk measurement and with the current regulatory model. The new models of credit risk seek to offer alternative "internal model" approaches to measuring the credit risk of a loan or a portfolio of loans. The thesis provides the motivation for the recent growth of the new credit risk models. It briefly overviews traditional models of risky debt evaluation and examines tbe approaches of tbe new internal models. This thesis presents also two essays on credit risk. Ln the first essay, Networth-to-asset ratio is identified as a primary index for default process modeling. The default condition is defined when the ratio becomes negative the first time. A mean-reverting dynamic model for the default process is justified by using tbeory of optimal capital structure. A discrete time trinomial Markov chain model is developed. A matrix method is given to numerically approximate the default risk in a specific future period. The second essay develops a default risk model that matches the initial default risky term structure, allowing for state dependent default probability and stochastic recovery rate. The default time is modeled as the first jump of a Poisson type process, with time and default-free rate dependent jump intensity. It develops a forward induction algorithm for matching the initial credit yield spread
Gagnon-April, Jérôme. "Trois essais sur les banques et le pouvoir de marché." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26944.
Full textThis thesis looks at the role of power market in banking. Emphasis is put on risk taking, economies of scale, economic efficiency and shocks transmission. Chapter 1 presents a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with monopolistically competitive banks à la Salop (1979). Following Krugman (1979, 1980) hypothesis about the link between economies of scale and exports, banks have to support a transaction cost on foreign trades that decreases with the size of their local assets (loans). This lead the banks to increase their local loans by reducing their margin. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. Results show that two forces, economies of scale and market power, oppose to each other when the market concentrates. Concentration also leads foreign activities to increase, which makes banks more sensible to foreign shocks. Chapter 2 takes the same basic framework, but where banks face credit risk partially insured by collateral pledged by entrepreneurs and can limit this risk via costly effort. The model is solved and simulated under various degrees of market power in the banking system. We find that higher market power reduces the size of the financial market and steady-state production, but leads to safer banks. In addition, economies with highly concentrated banking systems experience milder fluctuations following most types of shocks, because the higher margins associated with market power serve as a buffer to cushion the economy from adverse shocks, at least initially. This buffer effect is eliminated once we allow for free entry into the banking sector. An other extension with economies of scale shows that a moderately concentrated market can be optimal for the economy. Chapter 3 uses a Mean-Variance portfolio analysis to depict a bank with market power. Return on deposits and assets varies with the quantity traded, which change the bank’s portfolio. Market power on assets lead the bank to choose a more stable portfolio, even if it causes the return to decrease. Similar results occur in the case of deposits, but variance increase for higher degrees of market power. Results are robust for a variety of demand functions.
Saurin, Sébastien. "Advanced credit risk analytics : Fairness, interpretability, homogeneity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1092.
Full textThis thesis proposes innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in credit scoring. AI is revolutionizing the world at an unprecedented pace, redefining entire industries and exerting a profound influence on employees, managers, customers, suppliers, and regulators. In finance, and particularly in the credit market, ML models directly influence crucial decisions such as credit granting and the determination of regulatory capital. Although ML algorithms exhibit better predictive performance than traditional models, their use raises significant concerns regarding fairness, transparency, and regulatory compliance. To address the challenges posed by these rapidly expanding technologies, this thesis is structured around three main dimensions that tackle issues of fairness, interpretability, and homogeneity in credit scoring models. The first chapter introduces a theoretical framework to test for the fairness of credit scoring models, identify the variables that generate the lack of fairness, if any, and mitigate it, all while maintaining the model’s predictive performance. The second chapter proposes an innovative methodology called XPER, which decomposes model performance into specific contributions from each variable, thereby enhancing the interpretability of credit scoring models. Finally, the third chapter introduces the Risk Homogeneity Coefficient (RHC), a tool that quantifies the degree of homogeneity within risk grades, or risk classes, in the Internal Ratings-Based approach for credit risk, as required by the Basel accords. These approaches, while technical, are also very practical and provide innovative tools enabling financial institutions and their regulators to validate credit scoring models while considering issues of fairness, interpretability, and homogeneity
Gueye, Djibril. "Some contributions to financial risk management." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAD027.
Full textThis thesis deals with various issues related to quantitative management of financial risks. We are interested, in a first part, in the models of default time in credit risk within the framework of enlargement of filtrations theory. We propose models where the default time can coincide with some instants of economic shocks. We first extend the model of Jiao and Li (2018) in the case where the shocks are not predictable by studying the characteristics of the default time. Secondly, we present the generalized Cox model which is an extension of Lando's (see Lando, 1998). We offer a wide range of examples to ulistate our construction. The second part deals with the construction of volatility surfaces of financial assets under the condition of no arbitrage opportunity (AOA) using kriging methodologies (or Gaussian process regression). Our approach consists in learning kriging on European option prices by taking into account non-arbitrage conditions. These conditions are characterized by shape constraints on prices, namely monotonicity in the direction of maturities and convexity in the direction of strikes. Since these constraints correspond to a finite number of linear inequalities, we adopt a kriging technique under constraints of linear inequalities. For this, we use the method developed by Maatouk and Bay (2016) which is based on the finite-dimensional approximation of the Gaussian process. The Monte Carlo Hamiltonian algorithm of Pakman and Paninski (2014) will be used to simulate the Gaussian coefficients. We propose a method for calculating the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) of the Gaussian process. We compare our method with those of constrained neural networks and SSVIs
Guo, Liang. "Facteurs macroéconomiques et risque de crédit." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100024.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of macroeconomic factors on credit risk. In this thesis, we use two types of models which allow us to exploit a great number of series. The first model refers to the Global VAR model (GVAR), developed by Pesaran and al. (2004). With the GVAR model, we consider a fictitious portfolio of 83 firms which cover 16 developed countries. We find that default rates increase significantly during the recession but do not drop so much during the expansion. In addition, we confirm the fact that the firms of good credit quality are less sensitive to the variations of the economic condition than those of poor quality. The second model is the dynamic factor model (FAVAR type, Factor augmented vector autoregression model), proposed by Stock and Watson (2005). We have two empirical applications, respectively in United States and in the Euro area. We find the common factors explain slightly the firms’ default rates. This reultat shows a great advantage of the diversification strategy. Moreover, we find that the factor the most explanatory for the default rate is the one related to real activity, such as production and employment. Another important explanatory factor, is the one associated to stock indexes. Finally, we find that the contribution of the interest rate shock to default rates remains limited. The subprime crisis is thus not caused by the changement of federal fund rates
Elouerkhaoui, Youssef. "Etude des problèmes de corrélation et d'incomplétude dans les marchés de crédit." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090007.
Full textGauthier, Claire. "Trois essais empiriques sur le risque de crédit : Modèles intensité, modèle multifactoriel, valeurs extrêmes." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0061.
Full textCredit risk materializes by a firm default, and by the spread movements following a decrease of an issuer's credit quality. In the first chapter of this thesis, an intensity model considering default as an unpredictable event is implemented. The second chapter presents a multifactor models for credit spreads, based on a wide range of explanatory variables, and using panel data econometry to build theoretical credit spreads. This model is a good tool to analyse and forecast credit spreads. The third chapter underlines the non normality of credit spreads distributions, and characterize their distribution using extreme value theory
Deschamps, Jean-Christophe. "Gestion hiérarchisée de cellules flexibles d'assemblage : concepts, modèles et simulation¨." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30269.
Full textZargari, Behnaz. "Le risque de crédit et les produits dérivés de crédit : modélisation mathématique et numérique." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0004.
Full textThis thesis deals with credit derivatives modeling and consists of two parts: The first part concerns the density model, recently proposed by El Karoui et al., where the standing assumption is that the conditional law of default time given the reference filtration is equivalent to its (non-conditional) law. Under this assumption, we provide alternative (and simpler) proofs for some existing results in the theory of initial and progressive enlargement of filtrations. Also, we present some new results such as the predictable representation theorem for progressively enlarged filtration in the multidimensional case. We then propose several methods to construct density models, in both one-dimensional and multidimensional cases. Finally, we show that the density model is an efficient approach for dynamic hedging of multi-name credit derivatives. In the second part, a Markov model is constructed for studying the counterparty risk in a CDS contract. The wrong-way risk in this model is accounted for by the possibility of the simultaneous default of the reference name and of the counterparty. We start by considering a Markov chain model of two reference credits, the firm underlying the CDS and the protection seller in the CDS. In this set-up, we have semi-explicit formulae for most quantities of interest with regard to CDS counterparty risk like price, CVA, EPE or hedging strategies. We then generalize this framework to account for the spread risk by introducing stochastic factors, so that, we deal with a Markov copula model with stochastic intensities. We also address the issue of dynamically hedging the CVA with a CDS written on the counterparty. For model implementation, we consider three different affine specification of the intensities, which in view of the dynamic copula property of the model, make calibration very efficient. Numerical results are presented to show the adequacy of the behavior of CVA in the model with stylized features
Straub, Stéphane. "Essays on incentives, institutions and development." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10076.
Full textIn the first chapter,we model the boundaries of the multinational firm by looking at a simple trade-off between FDI (internal expansion with strong control rights) and transfer of technology (arm's length expansion without control rights). We analyze the effects of contractual incompleteness due to problems of commitment in host countries, and introduce the possibility of corruption due to informational asymmetry. The model predicts that firms will prefer FDI the weaker the ability to commit of the host country, while more corruption will shift the trade-off toward arm's length expansion. Cross-country and panel empirical evidence supports these conclusions. In the second chapter, we build a regulation model in which renegotiation occurs due to the imperfect enforcement of concession contracts. We provide theoretical predictions for the impact, on the probability of renegotiation of a concession, of regulatory institutions, institutional features, economic shocks and of the characteristics of the concession contracts. We use a data set of nearly 1000 concessions awarded in Latin America from 1982 to 2000, covering the sectors of telecommunications, energy, transport and water, to test these predictions. Finally, we derive some policy implications of our theoretical and empirical work. Third chapter use a model of firms'choice between formality and informality. Complying with costly registration procedures allows the firms to benefit from key public goods, property rights and contracts enforcement, that enable the participation in the formal credit market. In a moral hazard framework with credit rationing, their decision is shaped by the interaction between the cost of entry into formality and the relative efficiency of formal or informal credit mechanisms. Testing the model with a firm-level data set, of 5985 firms in 48 countries, we find that both individual characteristics of the firms and country-level aspects matter in a way consistent with the theory
Flandrin-Le, Maire Gwénaëlle. "Les facteurs financiers dans le cycle économique : l'importance des effets de patrimoine pour les ménages et pour les entreprises." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010012.
Full textTouzeau, Suzanne. "Modèle de contrôle en gestion des pêches." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5051.
Full textAlfonsi, Aurélien. "Modélisation en risque crédit : calibration et discrétisation de modèles financiers." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001859.
Full textDorn, Jochen. "Évaluation, modélisation et couverture des produits structurés de crédit." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010059.
Full textAlary, David. "Antisélection et sanction : application aux marchés du crédit et de l'assurance." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10047.
Full textKurpiel, Adam. "Valorisation et gestion d'options : modèles à volatilité stochastique." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40048.
Full textRhin, Christophe. "Modélisation et gestion de données géographiques multi-sources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS0010.
Full textVilleminot, Alexandre. "Modélisation et simulation de la logistique d'approvisionnement dans l'industrie automobile : application pour un grand constructeur." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0232_VILLEMINOT.pdf.
Full textFaced with a production context in constant evolution, car manufacturers need to control their supply chain. Nowadays production systems are sa complicated that it is difficult to evaluate globally their performance, from the car order to the delivery. Our works contribute improve flexibility of logistics and to increase the reactivity in case of supply hazards. We propose so a supply flows modeling in purpose of simulation. In a systemic framewework, we propose also a UML meta-model of the flows, then instantiate to the PSA Supply Chain. Relevant indicators are then proposed for the global performance of logistic system. This modeling is implemented in simulation software (SimAppro) of ail the PSA Supplly Chain, connected ta the enterprise information systems. We propose and use next a validation process of the tool. Finally we apply our works to industrial problem. His aim is to answer of the just inventory security level without changing the Quality of Service. Results obtain with heuristics (decisional aspect) coupled to the simulator SimAppro(evaluation) let expecting the possibility of global decreasing of the inventory security level, with an increase produced quality
Astic, Fabian. "Quelques contributions à la finance et à la gestion mathématiques." Paris 9, 2006. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090026.
Full textIn a first part, we generalize some results of arbitrage theory for markets where exchanges are non-linear. We show the equivalence of two notions of no-arbitrage and the existence of consistent price systems. We apply these results to the super-replication problem. The second part presents two new large deviation principles motivated by athematical finance. We give a large deviation approximation of the law of an unobservable couple of stochastice processes given an observable function. We also prove a conditional large deviation principle for the law of the solution of a BSDE that depends on the couple. In the third part, we study the case of a hydropower producer facing two random sources: rain precipitations and prices. We show that the value function of the associated optimal control problem
Sestier, Michael. "Analyse des sensibilités des modèles internes de crédit pour l'étude de la variabilité des RWA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E010.
Full textIn the aftermath of the 2007-2009 crisis, several studies led by the Base! Committee showed a large dispersion of risk-weighted assets (RWA) among banks, a significant part of which would come from the internal model's assumptions. Consequently, new regulations aiming at finding a balance between risk sensitivity, simplicity and comparability have then been developed. These ones notably include constraints on models / parameters for the internal assessment of the credit RWA for both the banking and the trading books. ln this context, the thesis work mainly consists in analyzing the relevance of such constraints to reduce the RWA variability. It makes extensive use of sensitivity analysis methods, particularly the ones based on the Hoeffding's decomposition. Regulatory treatments of the credit parameters (default correlations, default probabilities -DP -and loss given default -LGD) form the backbone of the developments. The findings suggest mixed results of the reforms. On the one hand, the constraints on the correlations for the trading book have a low impact on the RWA variability. On the other hand, the constraints on OP and LGD parameters, having a greater impact on the RWA variability, should be considered with more caution. The studies finally provide evidence that variability is amplified by the regulatory measurement of the risk and the multiple sources of calibration data.javascript:nouvelleZone('abstract');_ajtAbstract('abstract')
Guillard, Stephane. "Modélisation et stratégies auto-organisatrices pour les ateliers de production modernes." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0012.
Full textThe market constraints which are put on manufacturing enterprises make those enterprises seek new organizations, for production systems as well as for their command and control methods. We propose a model in which we can accurately represent the physical and the command parts of such new organizations, aimed at dynamical command and control. We propose, at various levels in this model, the introduction of a distributed decision policy, based on computer sciences techniques, such as connectionism. This policy is aimed at smoothing the parts flow through : - a dynamic priority management system - cooperation for the shop-level decision system - auto-adaptation for certain heuristics in the workshop control system. The goals are mainly the increase of the production system reactivity towards unplanned events and production management system constraints
Hurson, Christian. "La gestion de portefeuilles boursiers et l'aide multicritère à la décision." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24002.
Full textDjafri, Mohamed Tahar. "Remboursement anticipé et gestion du risque de taux d'intérêt." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090013.
Full textIn this thesis, we present a model for the evaluation of the prepayment option of long term borrowing with lowering rates on the market. There are two models, the first example uses a program that allows for the evaluation of the prepayment option by using, the Black-Derman-Toy model as a structure model for terms of interest rates and the second propose a prolonging of the stochastic evaluation of prepayment option, by using as model the structure of the Vasicek rate model. This evaluation is essential for the management of FCC's, of which we are most concerned with
Lioui, Abraham. "Quatre essais sur la théorie de la délégation de la gestion de portefeuille." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010072.
Full textThe main objective of this research is to insert the analysis of the portfolio manager investor relationship into the framework of the modern theory (martingal approach) of valuation of risky assets and portfolio management. We are concerned with two kinds of delegation depending on the objectives of the investors an active delegation and a passive delegation. One of the innovations of this thesis is the introduction of a benchmark portfolio which helps the investor to control the manager in the active delegation and is the benchmark to the manager action in the passive delegation
Piazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Full textTran, Duc Quynh. "Optimisation non convexe en finance et en gestion de production : modèles et méthodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ019S.
Full textThis thesis deals with optimization techniques for solving some optimization problems in two domains : portfolio selection and production management. They are large scale non convex optimization problems due to integer variables and/or the non convexity of the objective function. Our approach is based on DC programming and DCA, DC relaxation techniques and the algorithm Branch and Bound. This work is motivated by the robustness and the performance of the DC programming and DCA compared to other methods. The thesis includes three parts : In the first part, we present the fundamental tools and the essential techniques in DC programming, DCA as well as the method Branch and Bound. The second one concerns some non convex optimization problem in portfolio selection. Two following problems are considered : Min max continuous problem with the cardinality constraints in portfolio selection ; A class of bilevel programming problems and its application in portfolio selection. The third part contains some non convex optimization problems in production management. We study three problems : Minimization of the maintenance cost involving the flow time and the tardiness penalty ; Minimization of the cost of multi-stages production/inventory systems with bottleneck ; Determination of transfer prices and inventory policy in supply chain of two enterprises
Blancard, Stéphane. "Contraintes financières et développement des exploitations agricoles." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_17_Blancard.pdf.
Full textThe problem of credit constraints and rationing is particularly severe in agriculture. It can be explained by the nature of agricultural activity or the farms'characteristucs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of credit constraints on farm development. After a descriptive study of French agriculture and its increasing credit needs, three microeconomic approaches are developed to analyze, respectively : the interaction between investment and credit, the impact of credit constraints on the profitability and the influence of financial parameters on productive orientations and investment decisions. .
Giribone, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude et à la mise en oeuvre d'un système d'information pour l'assistance à la gestion immobilière." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30084.
Full textOmerani, Driss. "Le monopole d'une ressource non-renouvelable en situation d'incertitude." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10011.
Full textThe behaviour of a monopoly, carrying out the extraction of a stock of an exhaustible resource, is examined under different situations bearing uncertainties. From this exam we firstly underline the impact of the uncertainty on the way the monopoly manages its stock and practices the discrimination through prices when the resource has two distinct uses. Then, the part played by the remaining stock as a variable influencing the decision of other firms to supply a substitute. And finally, the part of learning in the strategies of the monopoly
Koehl, Pierre François. "Optimisation de portefeuille et prix d'équilibre en présence de frictions." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10005.
Full textOur aim is to measure the influence of the frictions introduction in the portfolios choice models. We recall firstly the main results on that topic in the particular case where frictions are transaction costs. We introduce next proportional transaction costs in the Sharpe and Lintner's capital asset pricing model. We compute the optimal portfolios choice and deduce an estimation of the error implied in the beta-relation. We study also the case where there are two riskless assets, with just one subject to transaction costs. We compute again the optimal choice. We are also in interest with two different frictions. We introduce taxes in borsch's model and obtain optimal choices and new equilibrium prices if the equilibrium corresponds to an optimal risk sharing. At last, we study the modification of portfolio choice when we take into account limited liability
Baâbaâ, Jihène. "Modèle dynamique d'équilibre général (MDEG) caractérisé par une gestion déléguée et par des rigidités nominales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24884/24884.pdf.
Full textJabbour, Daas. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la dispersion en champ lointain suite à un rejet accidentel d'un polluant miscible dans un cours d'eau : application à la gestion de crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11003.
Full textHemila, Mohammed Laïd. "Hydrogéologie, modélisation et gestion des ressources en eau de la plaine alluviale du bassin de l'oued de la Meskiana-Haut Mellegue (Est algérien)." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2021.
Full textTrouillet, Benoît. "Sur l'évaluation du comportement logique des systèmes de production manufacturière par méthodes exactes." Lille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL10021.
Full textL'obtention d'un graphe d'événements permet d'envisager une approche algébrique du comportement logique du SFPM en considérant un marquage initial quelconque. Dans le cas d'une étude d'un graphe d'événements pondéré, la présence de poids sur les arcs induit l'utilisation de l'opérateur div correspondant à la division euclidienne. Ainsi, une abstraction du comportement logique conduit à un système d'équations non-linéaire au sens du dioïde (min,+). Ce qui justifie l'étude d'une méthode de linéarisation permettant l'expression du comportement logique à l'aide d'un système d'équation linéaire. Pour une classe de réseaux de Pétri, un algorithme de linéarisation est proposé. Par conséquent, l'ensemble des séquencements possibles des opérations du modèle intial, avec le respect des contraintes de fonctionnement, correspond à l'ensemble des solutions du système d'équations linéaires obtenu. Le comportement logique du réseau de Pétri initial peut être étudié sur un horizon (nombre de steps) quelconque, dont le résultat correspond aux séquences de franchissements engendrant un comportement cyclique d'horizon prédéfini. Dans ce cadre l'évaluation des performances des solutions obtenues peut être effectuée à priori
Kamsu-Foguem, Bernard. "Modélisation et vérification des propriétés de systèmes complexes : Application aux processus d'entreprise." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20050.
Full textMessaoudene, Zahir. "Formalisation des contradictions pour la conception des systèmes physiques de production : Application au lean manufacturing." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13152.
Full textIn a difficult industrial context, the manufacturing system must evolve. The manufacturing system is a complex system which is composed by a unit of interdependent resources to transform, to move, to store the products. The finality of any manufacturing system is to get better in order to survive. One of the responses to satisfy this finality is the implementation of Lean Manufacturing. In order to implement the Lean Manufacturing, a detailed manufacturing system modelling is necessary. This modelling generates a complex network of relations between the resources and activities whose it is difficult to obtain an immediate understanding. This interlacing of relations contains a whole of contradictions which it is difficult to extract. A contradiction is expressed by the opposition which the value of system parameter can take to satisfy needs for implement the Lean Manufacturing. A contradiction is expressed by this way: the transfer lot size must be raised to reduce displacement costs of products, but the transfer lot size must be weak to reduce post-operative storing costs. The difficulty to formalize these contradictions lies in the lack of information's structuring to implement Lean Manufacturing and the judicious choice of model. This model must be in coherence with Lean Manufacturing. In order to provide an explanation for better comprehension of Lean Manufacturing implementation, we propose a method for formalize the contradictions. In order to construct this method, we use certain concepts descended from Theory of General System, Axiomatic Design and OTSM-TRIZ. For greater clarity, we implement this method within the framework of description of specific contradictions network to the lead manufacturing time reduction. Finally, we propose a manner to explore this contradictions network within a workshop study
Maggion, Sylvie. "Etude de l'estimation des paramètres d'un modèle de réflectance bidirectionnelle et planification optimale des observations depuis l'espace." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30265.
Full textRasamoely, Florian. "Modélisation de carnet d’ordres et gestion de risque de liquidité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE030/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of stochastic modeling of limit order book and two stochastic control problems under liquidity risk and price impact. The thesis is made of two distinct parts.In the first part, we investigate markovian limit order book model under different aspects. In particular, in Chapter 2, we introduce a model of cumulative depth representation. We consider different arrival events with dependencies on current state. Chapter 3 handles the model stability problem through a semi-martingale approach for the denumerable Markov Chain classification. We give for each problem a model calibration from empirical facts such as mean average profile of limit order book density. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the model estimation and model calibration by means of market data flow. Thus, we compare our model to market data through stylized facts and empirical facts. We give a concrete calibration to the different stability problems. Finally, in Chapter 5, we handle the optimal liquidation problem in the cumulative depth representation model framework.We study, in the second part, an optimal liquidation problem of an investor under stochastic resilience. This problem may be formulated as a stochastic singular control problem. We show that the associated value function is the unique viscosity solution of an Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We suggest an iterative numerical method to compute the optimal strategy. The numerical scheme convergence is obtained through the monotonicity, stability and consistancy creteria
Agbemebia, Kokouvi. "Gestion de portefeuille des titres non cotés par analyse multicritère et constructive." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40030.
Full textEzzili, Mohamed Chekib. "Essais sur les fonds alternatifs et la délégation de portefeuille en présence d'un différentiel d'information." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010004.
Full textDhima, Julien. "Evolution des méthodes de gestion des risques dans les banques sous la réglementation de Bale III : une étude sur les stress tests macro-prudentiels en Europe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E042/document.
Full textOur thesis consists in explaining, by bringing some theoretical elements, the imperfections of EBA / BCE macro-prudential stress tests, and proposing a new methodology of their application as well as two specific stress tests in addition. We show that macro-prudential stress tests may be irrelevant when the two basic assumptions of the Gordy-Vasicek core model used to assess banks regulatory capital in internal methods (IRB) in the context of credit risk (asymptotically granular credit portfolio and presence of a single source of systematic risk which is the macroeconomic conjuncture), are not respected. Firstly, they exist concentrated portfolios for which macro-stress tests are not sufficient to measure potential losses or even ineffective in the case where these portfolios involve non-cyclical counterparties. Secondly, systematic risk can come from several sources; the actual one-factor model doesn’t allow a proper repercussion of the “macro” shocks. We propose a specific credit stress test which makes possible to apprehend the specific credit risk of a concentrated portfolio, as well as a specific liquidity stress test which makes possible to measure the impact of liquidity shocks on the bank’s solvency. We also propose a multifactorial generalization of the regulatory capital valuation model in IRB, which allows applying macro-stress tests shocks on each sectorial portfolio, stressing in a clear, precise and transparent way the systematic risk factors impacting it. This methodology allows a proper impact of these shocks on the conditional probability of default of the counterparties of these portfolios and therefore a better evaluation of the capital charge of the bank
Labrousse, Michel. "Proposition d'un modèle conceptuel unifié pour la gestion dynamique des connaissances d'entreprise." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2065.
Full textThe analysis of the product lifecycle processes is one of the crucial industrial concerns. It highlights the role of knowledge capitalization and valorization. In this work, a more generic model than the usual approaches found in the literature is proposed: the FBS-PPRE model (Function, Behavior, Structure - Process, Product, Resource, external Effect). The main scientific contribution consists in a conceptual unification making it possible to increase the homogeneity of the represented objects as well as the completeness of the modeling. In order to allow a description of the various objects handled by the company according to the same formalism, the approach highlights the distinction between the concepts of nature (material, temporal, software, organizational or energy) and of role. Four different roles are distinguished: the role of product (object resulting from the process), of resource (means used in a process), of process (temporal, spatial and hierarchical organization of activities) and of external effect (constraints influencing the course of a process). The originality, marking a break with the literature approaches, then consists in regarding these roles as circumstantial: the same object can play successively various roles during its lifecycle. On the other hand, the nature of an object is supposed to be invariable. In addition, a lucid and effective management of behaviors is proposed: a behavior of an object is always combined with a process element, which makes it possible to define the context. It then becomes easier to manage the evolution of the object and of its representations, namely their transformational dynamic. Thus, the FBS-PPRE model tends to guarantee a perennial management of knowledge. This approach was implemented within the framework of a demonstrator of information system of a company designing and producing vehicles
Tran, Duc Quynh. "Optimisation non convexe en finance et en gestion de production : modèles et méthodes." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ019S/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with optimization techniques for solving some optimization problems in two domains : portfolio selection and production management. They are large scale non convex optimization problems due to integer variables and/or the non convexity of the objective function. Our approach is based on DC programming and DCA, DC relaxation techniques and the algorithm Branch and Bound. This work is motivated by the robustness and the performance of the DC programming and DCA compared to other methods. The thesis includes three parts : In the first part, we present the fundamental tools and the essential techniques in DC programming, DCA as well as the method Branch and Bound. The second one concerns some non convex optimization problem in portfolio selection. Two following problems are considered : Min max continuous problem with the cardinality constraints in portfolio selection ; A class of bilevel programming problems and its application in portfolio selection. The third part contains some non convex optimization problems in production management. We study three problems : Minimization of the maintenance cost involving the flow time and the tardiness penalty ; Minimization of the cost of multi-stages production/inventory systems with bottleneck ; Determination of transfer prices and inventory policy in supply chain of two enterprises
Casamatta, Catherine. "Une étude de la structure financière des entreprises fondée sur les problèmes d'aléa moral : thèse pour le doctorat en Sciences de Gestion." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10011.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to provide a rationale, based on agency considerations, for the use of outside debt along with outside equity, as well as more complex securities like convertible bonds or stock-options in the firms' capital structure. The first chapter proposes a survey of the litterature on moral hazard and capital structure (green (1984), innes (1990), gale-hellwig (1985), bolton-sharfstein (1990). . . ). Theoretical predictions are then confronted to empirical observations, which leads to the following remarks : although moral hazard considerations seem consistent with empirical analysis, very few models derive the optimality of complex financial structures (i. E. Other than pure outside debt financing). The remaining of the thesis is dedicated to this question. The second chapter rewrites the jensen-meckling (1976) insights with an optimal contract approach. Moral hazard affects the level of effort, as well as the level of risk that a manager chooses when implementing a project. When the risk shifting problem is dominant, the optimal financial contract can be implemented by a mix of outside debt and outside equity, while stock-options must be added to this financial structure when the effort problem is dominant in order to enhance the manager's incentives to exert effort. The third chapter focuses on the financing of start-ups, and on the dual role played by venture capitalists, who provide advising as well as financing to starting firms. Their intervention is modelled in a double moral hazard setting, whereby both the entrepreneur and the outside financier must be induced to exert effort, in order to improve the profitability of a project. Consistent with empirical observations, optimal contracts solving this double incentive problem exhibit properties of convertible bonds or preferred stocks
Marcotte, François. "Contribution à la modélisation des systèmes de production : extension du modèle GRAI." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10675.
Full textFortilus, Jeanne Marie Rose. "Modélisation bioéconomique des pêcheries thonières : mise en place d'aires marines protégées en haute mer de l'Océan indien." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4023.
Full textEn introduction de la thèse, j'expose tout d'abord les enjeux biologiques et économiques de la gestion des pêcheries, puis la problématique des aires marines protégées (AMPs), notamment en haute mer. Dans une seconde partie, la description de la structure en réseau du système bioéconomique a été réalisée: des stocks jusqu'aux di#érents marchés. Je présente ensuite comment la prise en compte de cette structure m'a permis d'homogénéiser les données de captures issues de la base de données Sardara et celles de commerce issues de la base de données Fishstat. Je propose alors une analyse succincte des données homogénéisées. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, je développe un modèle bioéconomique de l'ensemble de la filière. Ce modèle est basé sur la notion d'équilibre de réseau lequel est reconnu comme de grande taille puis qu'il implique environ 1000 liens biologiques ou économiques. Les algorithmes que j'utilise pour le calcul de l'équilibre du réseau tout en itérant le principe sur plusieurs années sont fournis en annexe. Enfin, je montre que ce travail est capable de développer et d'analyser différents scénarii, de la mise en place d'AMPs au large, entre autres, dont les résultats sont analysés avant de conclure
Kauark, Leite Luiz Augusto. "Réflexions sur l'utilité des modèles mathématiques dans la gestion de la pollution diffuse d'origine agricole." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9030.
Full textThis work has two main objectives. First, it evaluates the abiity of empirical and conceptual models to simulate the evolution of loads and concentrations of suspended solids, nitrates and phosphates at the outlet of a small rural watershed. A model (bases on CREAMS and SWRRB) is used as an example of empirical models and HSPF as an example of conceptual models. Second, the usefulness of such models is analyzed towards the management of non-point agricultural pollution through the detailed study of five potential operational uses of models : (1) computation of polluant load, (2) analysis of high concentration risk, (3) simulation and représentation of pollutant transport mechanisms, (4) identification of pollutant sources, and (5) prediction of the impact of modifying agriculturl practices on water quality. The first part of this work displays the importance of rural non-point source pollution. The different steps of water management procedures in agricultural watersheds are analyzed, pointing out the need for various management tools at each step. Then, the potential use of models as management tools is presented. This first part ends with the description of the normal structure of a modelling approach to a problem, and with the analysis of extrinsic reasons which can explain why models are sarcely used in France. The second part describes the physical, chemical and biological processes and subsequent sub-models interacting in the global cycle of water, erosion, nitrogen and phosphorus. Next, a comprehensive analysis is given of the most famous models, specifying their abilities and their applicability. The third part is devoted to the conducted modelling work. The results obtained after validation for both selected models on the Mélarhez watershed (7 km²) are analyzed. Finally, a conclusion is suggested as to the usefulness of models as management tools, on the basis of the answers that they are able to bring to real problems. The main conclusions to be drawn are as follows : (1) These models are too complex to simulate loads and concentrations at the outlet of rural watersheds. The available information in the data is not sufficient to calibrate the model, hence parameters are under-determined. Moreover, simulations are generally rather poor, specifically in the case of the highest concentrations. As management tools, the models are not more efficient than simpler models to compute pollutant loads (for instance models considering a constant concentration). (2) In principle, these models should be able to simulate other state variables (e. G. , soil nitrate storage) or to simulate the impact on water quality of modifying agricultural practices such as changing cultivated areas or crop rotations, or changing the type or amount of fertilisers. This presupposes that the realism of the representation of processes inside the watershed (not only at the outlet) should be verified. Unfortunately this is not the case, and furthermore the necessary data generally do not exist. Hence, at pesent, these mdels should not be trusted for decision making
Kauark, Leite Luiz Augusto. "Réflexions sur l'utilité des modèles mathématiques dans la gestion de la pollution diffuse d'origine agricole." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529963.
Full textBarbu, Noël. "La modélisation par activités et processus support de l'instrumentation de gestion : quelle pertinence pour une PME de service ?" Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4025.
Full textThe need for SME management tools is becoming all the more acute as competition is increasing. In the control field, the managers toolbox remains basic, and the research on this topic notably exceptional. This thesis, resting on an engineering research method, aims at developing a model and tools based on activities and processes for a small service company. The research is aimed at the in-depth study of several axes : formalising the management problems expressed by a small company's managers faced with organisational dysfunctions ; a co-building approach designed to achieve an analysis of the activities and processes in a small service company ; tailoring an activity-based model to a small service company's management problems ; setting up management and cost computing tools based on an ad hoc model ; the socio-political study of the model and the management tools, and their impact on the company personnel's behaviour. This approach has resulted in numerous contributions. On the company level, the cross-section vision emerging from an activity- and process-based model allows a down-to-earth management by the staff themselves. On the academic level, the research meehanism casts a light on the management tool question within small service companies. As far as modelling is concerned, idiosyncrasies seem to stand out: the functions are structured by the activities and the whole organisation's cross-section process acts as the support to : management animation, cost computing, quality management. Concerning the behavioural aspect, an engineering-based research allows to analyse the participation of the actors in the gradual structuring of the tools that, in return, structure their behaviour
Deguest, Romain. "Incertitude de modèle en finance : mesures de risque et calibration de modèle." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPXX0062.
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