To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Credit Risk, Steel Industry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Credit Risk, Steel Industry'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Credit Risk, Steel Industry.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Moura, João Sichieri. "Avaliação do risco de crédito: aplicação do modelo KMV para obter a probabilidade de default no setor siderúrgico." João Moura, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2686.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Joao Moura (joaosic@gmail.com) on 2009-06-30T19:59:09Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese_MFEE_JOAO SICHIERI_2007.pdf: 336631 bytes, checksum: dc4d29066af0bd6c7564db0c209c3eb2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza(vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2009-07-07T14:50:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MFEE_JOAO SICHIERI_2007.pdf: 336631 bytes, checksum: dc4d29066af0bd6c7564db0c209c3eb2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2009-07-07T14:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_MFEE_JOAO SICHIERI_2007.pdf: 336631 bytes, checksum: dc4d29066af0bd6c7564db0c209c3eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-30
Credit risk management has assumed increasing importance for the managers and directors of enterprises. Thus, different approaches aimed to measure the probability of default are under discussion nowadays. This paper evaluates models that have become more popular over the last 30 years in order forecast defaults or to provide information regarding to financial difficulties of enterprises. This paper will focus on the KMV model in order to estimate the probability of default, its methodology based on market value of the asset and its volatility and finally estimate the probability of default. Finally, to test the KMV model will be used a sample of global steel companies that have credit in Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), which will allow us to make comparisons with the models presented in this work.
2
Xie, Huixian. "Credit Ratings and Firm Litigation Risk." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1067.
Full textAbstract:
This paper looks at whether firms’ credit ratings are negatively affected by litigation risk after controlling for known factors that affect credit ratings. The conventional wisdom is that litigation risk and credit ratings have an inverse relationship. However, my hypothesis is that the inverse relationship will not be stable if the model of credit ratings has taken other factors into account. The methodology first constructs a model of litigation risk, and then regress the credit ratings on the measurement of litigation risk. Previous empirical research on litigation risk measurement uses industry proxies as indicators for litigation risk. In this paper, I include firm characteristics and the Beneish M-score (a determinant for earnings manipulation) in addition to the industry proxy to construct an alternative model measuring litigation risk. I find that supplementing the Francis, Philbrick and Schipper (1994a, b; hereafter FPS) industry proxy with measures of firm characteristics improves predictive ability. In the model of credit ratings, I find that the change of litigation risk has a negative correlation with the credit ratings. However, the negative coefficient on the change of litigation risk changes to a positive one after controlling for other variables such as firm size, return on asset, and interest coverage ratio. This finding provides support for the hypothesis that the negative correlation between the credit ratings and litigation risk is not stable. This suggests that credit ratings may not incorporate litigation risk specifically although litigation can lead to firms’ financial damage and reputation crisis. However, the negative coefficient on the change of litigation risk remains unchanged when I control for the year fixed effects. I also find a negative correlation between the year 2007 and credit ratings due to financial crisis. The results are not conclusive given the likely simultaneous determination of litigation risk and credit ratings.
3
Li, Xiaoping. "Credit risk management in the current competitive condition in the Chinese banking industry." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7923.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, it has been witnessed that a number of countries are trying to recover from a deep recession which spread widely around the world. Researchers have pointed out that the laxity of credit risk management is one of the causes of the growth in the number of non-performing loans. It is necessary, therefore, to work out a method to improve the efficiency of credit risk management. This thesis examined five large commercial banks in China and studied their credit risk management processes. This study intends to develop an up-to-date understanding of Chinese banking industry, covering some aspects of credit risk management, banking profitability and competition level using Panzar and Rosse model. The results have shown that the current competition level in Chinese banking industry is monopolistic competition. Regarding credit risk management, a set of face to face questionnaires aimed at the senior credit risk managers helped the author to analyse some existing management process in some aspect of loan decision making. Results indicated that the larger the size of the branch, the higher rate of return it generates on their investments. The rate of return is considered as an indicating factor to examine the profitability of banks. Furthermore, a discussion on banking profitability has been carried out using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Johansen’s co-integration test and Granger causality test. The results have shown that there is no short term relationship between capital ratio and profitability. According to trade-off theory and pecking order theory, it 6 can be understood that the capital ratio of Chinese banks, during the examined period of time, was close to the optimum capital ratio. The author hopes that the findings of empirical analysis in this work could play some part during the process of bank lending and borrowing activities and therefore reduce non-performing loans and increase the profitability.
4
Yang, Shuang. "ESSAYS IN THE ECONOMICS OF U.S. PROPERTY-CASUALTY INSURANCE INDUSTRY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/469980.
Full textAbstract:
Business Administration/Risk Management and InsurancePh.D.
This dissertation consists of two topics. Chapter 1 explores the relationship between U.S. Property-Casualty (P/C) insurers’ underwriting risk, investment risk, and leverage risk, using data from 1998 to 2013. I test the trade-off hypothesis using a simultaneous equation model framework with partial adjustment effects. The three equations model intend to examine the interrelations between insurers’ leverage and two measures of firm risks: underwriting risk and investment risk. The empirical evidence, various to different sample periods and model specifications, suggests there is no significant relationship existing between insurers’ underwriting risk and investment risk. But these two types of risks are both significantly and negatively related to the leverage ratio. The overall results imply that insurers tend to tradeoff leverage risk and underwriting risk/investment risk, but it appears that they have not taken an integrated approach between the total level of underwriting risk and investment risk yet. The second part of this dissertation empirically investigates the impact of credit risk on insurers’ reinsurance demand, using data on the U.S. P/C insurance industry from 2000 to 2014. I mainly explore how insurers’ credit rating status and downgrade risk affects their reinsurance demand. Using a two-stage least square (2SLS) regression model, I find that low-rated insurers are associated with a higher utilization of reinsurance. In addition, insurers that are downgraded in the previous year tend to have a higher reinsurance demand than the others. Results also show that downgraded group-affiliated insurers tend to significantly increase their internal reinsurance demand from the group-affiliated members while decreasing the purchase of external reinsurance significantly. In general, I find that insurers’ reinsurance demand is affected by their credit rating and downgrade risk.
Temple University--Theses
5
Soga, Nomaphelo. "The cost of credit default in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3027.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019The risk that borrowers may not fulfil borrowing obligation presents credit owners (lenders) with a default risk management opportunity to maximize risk-adjusted rate of return and maintain minimum exposure to default associated cost. This study investigated respondents' perception of the cost of credit default and examines requirements for default risk management (ORM) in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa. It is noted that with increased level of consumer indebtedness, an unstable economy, and high unemployment, vehicle financing faces a higher probability of default from borrowers. This descriptive investigation utilised both the quantitative and qualitative approaches using the survey method to collect data from 381 purposive, randomly selected respondents who are vehicle finance customers in South Africa; Cape Town specifically. Data collection took place in the Western Cape over a nine months period, utilising personal interview, and emails to administer open-ended questionnaires for credit managers and close-ended questionnaires, for the vehicle finances' customers, as data collection instrument. Responses received were codified and quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) while qualitative data was analysed using the content analysis of percentage of word similarities. The study found mixed and variable respondents' perception of the cost of credit default. In conclusion, it is perceived that in South Africa the cost of credit would become more costly with credit default. It can be recommended that a default risk management intervention could be applied to mitigate the risk of credit default within the context of unified credit assessment policy of South Africa.
6
Hener, Alexander. "Credit risk management in the automotive industry : structuring of loan and lease securitizations as integrative solution /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013159044&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
7
Oguntoyinbo, Mojisola. "Credit risk assessment of the microfinance industry in Nigeria : an application to Accion Microfinance Bank Limited (AMFB)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21643.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.The research report provides a credit risk assessment and evaluation of Accion Microfinance Bank Limited (AMFB) for the period 2006 to 2010, using Morgan Stanley’s methodology for analysing the credits and performance ratings of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Since MFIs are set up to provide credit and other financial services to the poor, financially underserviced segment of the society, and since the credit support granted to such micro businesses usually lacks collateral, it is imperative that the management of such credit services be sound in order to mitigate the high risks involved. Thus, credit risk management determines the success and survival of microfinance banks (MFBs): weak credit management leads to capital erosion and eventual failure, whereas sound credit risk management guarantees profitability and sustainability and, hence, the realisation of the objectives of their setup – enhancing the welfare of micro-entrepreneurs. The data for the research report were sourced from AMFB’s financial statements for the years 2006 to 2010 and from interviews that were conducted with principal officials of this MFB. The research found that good regulatory corporate governance and management practices, sound quantitative credit risk assessment and management, and quality and maturity of management lead to low credit risk accompanied by high profitability and sustainability for MFBs. As AMFB matured, the quality of portfolio, profitability, sustainability and operating efficiency were seen to increase. The quality of shareholders, board and management was found to be crucial for the sound management of the MFB. The research report, therefore, recommends regular and continuous credit risk identification, assessment and management, as well as sound corporate governance, if MFBs are to survive and grow and achieve their developmental objectives.
8
Lu, Jia. "The effects of corporate governance on credit risk and performance : empirical evidence from the UK banking industry." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726799.
Full text
9
Pyć, Agnieszka. "Analysis of alternative methods of operational risk transfer across financial industry sectors." Berlin Pro Business, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995945837/04.
Full text
10
Mårtensson, Madeleine. "Allmänhetens inställning och riskperception gentemot stålverk : En enkätstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24601.
Full textAbstract:
Stålindustrin förser såväl människor som samhället med många nödvändiga byggstenar. I Sverige finns tolv ståltillverkande anläggningar och hela 80 % av stålet exporteras. Som alla andra tillverkande industrier har den flera miljöaspekter att ta hänsyn till, men stålets nytta väger tungt och därför är det av stor vikt att genom forskningsprojektet Stålkretsloppet nå hållbar utveckling. Miljöskyddslagen, miljöbalken och ett ökande miljöengagemang har lett till arbete med miljöfrågor. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur allmänhetens riskperception, attityd och oro gentemot stålindustrin ser ut. Skiljer sig kunskapen och intresset beroende på olika bakgrundsvariabler så som ålder, kön, sysselsättning, om kommunen har stålindustri eller inte, etc. Enkäten skickades till 1000 personer fördelade över fyra kommuner; två med stålverk, Luleå och Smedjebacken kommun, och två utan, Kalmar och Tingsryds kommun. Enkätundersökningens svarsfrekvens hamnade slutligen på omkring 43 %. Resultaten visade att de största skillnader finns mellan kommunerna. Respondenter med fram för allt arbetsrelaterad koppling till stålindustri är de som instämmer mest i de olika påståendena. Giftiga ämnen är det som oroar mest. Slutsatser som drogs var att skillnader mellan kommunerna med stålverk och kommunerna utan stålverk är tydligast. Kunskapen om stålindustrin är tämligen liten och allmänheten önskar mer information, inte minst om miljöarbetet.The steel industry and its production are fundamental to our society and the modern way of life. There are twelve steel manufacturing facilities in Sweden, exporting as much as 80 % of the produced steel. Like all other manufacturing industries it is giving rise to environmental aspects, but steel’s advantage weighs heavily and it is therefore of great importance through the research programme the Steel Eco-Cycle (Stålkretsloppet) to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to examine what the general public’s risk perception, attitude and worry towards steel industry looks like. Are there any variations in knowledge and interest based on different background variables such as age, gender, employment, if the municipality has manufacturing or not, etc. The survey was sent to 1000 people spread in four municipalities, two having steel industry and two not having. The answering rate of the survey finally ended at 43 %. The results showed that the biggest differences are to find between the different municipalities. Respondents with a work related connection to the steel industry seems to agree more on the different allegations. The respondents are mainly worried about toxic substances. The most striking conclusion was that the biggest differences lay between the municipalities with steel industry and the ones without it. The knowledge about the industry is however relatively small and the respondents are therefore asking for more information, not least about the work with environmental aspects.
11
Safira, van der Graaf Judy. "The role of non-state actors in transnational risk regulation : a case study of how the credit rating industry performs regulation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3440/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis looks at the role of non-state actors in the regulation of risks. Regulation, conceptualised in this thesis as revolving around the anticipation and management of risks in economic life, is no longer considered to be a purely state-based activity, but is increasingly viewed as an activity that can involve a variety of actors including nonstate actors such as civic organisations and commercial firms. The limits on the ability of states to regulate risks on their own are becoming more and more visible in today’s integrated and interdependent markets. Our thinking about the capacity of the state to control is especially challenged by transnational risks, such as exemplified by the global financial crisis of 2007-08. Transnational risks easily spread across national borders. However, our knowledge about how non-state actors may be and can be involved in the regulation of risks, at both national and transnational levels, is predominantly theoretical and needs to be examined more critically and above all empirically. In this thesis a case study is presented of the credit rating industry. The credit rating industry has recurrently been identified as an important industry with regard to helping manage credit risk in the global debt capital markets. Using data collected through a documentary survey and 31 semi-structured interviews with current and former staff of rating agencies, this thesis explores the extent to which the credit rating industry is involved in three main components of a risk regulation regime: standard-setting, information-gathering, and behaviour-modification. The thesis will show that there are strong indicators that the credit rating industry is exercising regulation even though rating agencies expressly deny being a regulatory actor. It will discuss the ways in which rating agencies set standards of credit risk, gather and analyse vast amounts of information to assess how issuers of debt measure up to these standards, and aim to influence the behaviour of actors in debt capital markets through their rating processes and the credit ratings that they publish.
12
Thompson, Rose M. "THE IMPACT OF OPERATIONAL RISK LOSS EVENT ANNOUNCEMENTS ON THE COST OF CAPITAL OF U.S. BANKS." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/112.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to examine whether U.S. banks that announced material operational risk loss (oprisk loss) events can still enjoy a lower cost of capital. I use the bank's credit rating as a proxy for the cost of debt capital, and the actual oprisk loss amounts announced by publicly traded U.S. banks for $10 million and over during the period 1998 to 2012 compiled from my own database. I also investigate whether the type of oprisk loss event and business line in which the loss event was incurred matter to credit rating agencies. I perform additional analysis to determine whether a downgrade in a bank's credit rating associated with the announcement of a material oprisk loss amount impacts the bank's reputation. This study focuses on the U.S. banking industry because of the increased market and regulatory scrutiny of oprisk losses; especially during the financial crisis of 2008 to 2010. The logistic analysis shows that banks' announcement of material oprisk loss amount is associated with a decline in credit ratings. The findings did not support the position that the type of loss event and business line in which the loss event was incurred matter to credit rating agencies. The results for the event study show that a downgrade in a bank's credit rating associated with an announcement of a material loss amount has a robust, statistically significant negative stock market reaction. Furthermore, the results reveal that the losses in market value significantly exceed the announced loss amounts associated with credit rating downgrades, indicating reputational loss to the banks. This research was limited to announcements of material oprisk loss amounts by U.S. banks publicly traded on major U.S. stock exchanges. Investigating the impact of announcements of material oprisk loss amounts by financial institutions publicly listed on major stock exchanges worldwide provides an avenue for future research. This study contributes to the literature on operational risk and the cost of debt capital as reflected in credit ratings by providing empirical evidence of the impact of oprisk losses on credit ratings of U.S. banks.
13
Figueira, Raquel de Sousa Pereira Pinho. "Hedging of product import in the oil industry : the case of currency risk." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10365.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em FinançasEste relatório foca um caso de cobertura de risco e um contrato específico da OZ Energia para importação de Diesel, com a exposição de propostas de cobertura desses riscos através de instrumentos financeiros. Como metodologia é utilizada uma abordagem de case-study, com o enfoque na análise de um evento de negócio real, com uma extensa apresentação dos riscos de mercado, de taxa de juro, de crédito e cambial. A análise é baseada no investimento realizado em 2011. A escolha do período de tempo é justificada pela importação de combustível por parte da empresa nesse ano, o qual não foi totalmente coberto. Assim, este trabalho procura dar respostas e soluções para um hedge perfeito da posição da empresa. Diferentes estratégias são estudadas e cenários simulados com base em dados do período entre Dez-08 e Jun-12 sob dois diferentes ângulos - custo e receita. A definição da melhor estratégia é feita através da comparação para ambas as perspectivas. São ainda realizados stress tests por forma a avaliar os resultados.
In this report we focus on an hedging case and on a particular contract used by OZ Energia for Diesel import, through the identification of hedging solutions using different financial instruments. A case-study approach is used as method, given that the report is the result of an event within a real business context, with an extensive presentation of market, interest rate, credit and currency risks. The analysis is based on the investment of 2011. The choice of time period is justified by the Diesel import made by OZ Energia over the course of that year, which was not fully hedged. Thus, this work seeks to provide answers and solutions to a perfect hedge on the firm?s position. Different strategies are studied and scenarios are simulated based on data for the period between Dec-08 and Jun-12 under two different angles - cost and revenue. The definition of the best strategy is done by comparing them for both perspectives. Stress tests are also performed in order to assess the results.
14
Ľubek, Matej. "Kritické faktory implementace informačního systému kategorie ERP ve společnosti METAL STEEL INDUSTRY, spol. s r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241647.
Full textAbstract:
This master thesis deals with the implementation of enterprise information system of ERP category in the company METAL STEEL INDUSTRY, spol. s.r.o. In the first part of the thesis is described the basic theoretical knowledge and information for a specific issue. The aim of this work is the detection and identification of critical factors and potential risks associated with the selection, implementation and subsequent operation of the enterprise information system. The output of this work is a time and economic evaluation of the project, creating proposals to reduce risks and create recommendations for the company.
15
Brown, Rachael Annette. "Exploring the Performance of the Financial Service Cooperative Industry in Grenada." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3660.
Full textAbstract:
The 2008 financial crisis impacted the Caribbean financial sector with declining liquidity and profitability, and return on assets falling to 0.7% from 2.6%. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies that credit union executives in Grenada used to consistently maintain profitability. The targeted study population consisted of four credit union executives responsible for operations, administration, and regulations in the financial service cooperative industry in Grenada. The social influence of power theory was the conceptual framework that grounded this study. The data collection process included semistructured interviews and document (annual reports and cooperative society laws) review. Data analysis involved the thematic approach, using word frequency, coding, and text search to identify underlying themes. Themes that emerged from the study included risk management, investment policies, and the influence of executives decisions' on consistent profitability. Study findings may contribute to positive social change by helping credit union executives maintain profitability, resulting in the potential to benefit local communities by supporting projects that improve the quality of life.
16
GUSTAFSSON, MARTIN, and PATRIK ZYTOMIERSKI. "The Relationship between United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals and Swedish Banks’ Credit Rating of Manufacturing Customers." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279753.
Full textAbstract:
The sustainable development of the section providing financing within Swedish banks are going through major challenges and changes. The United Nations is constantly working on improving sustainable directives within all industries to ultimately reach all 17 sustainable development goals that have been set up for a more sustainable world. Banks are in a unique position where they have a high indirect impact and influence over all other sectors and in relation all 17 sustainable development goals through their business. This can be seen in the two largest sectors within banking, investing and financing. While sustainable investing has been widely researched and developed, sustainable finance can still be considered in an early phase of development. By implementing sustainable factors to the credit management process of borrowers, banks can aid global sustainable development. This thesis has researched the relationship between United Nations’ 17 sustainable development goals and the credit rating of four Swedish commercial banks through. Special focus has been given to borrowers in the manufacturing industry. The results show that Swedish banks have initiated sustainable development within their credit rating analysis; however, they are still undergoing continuous improvements and additions. The process and extent of sustainable factors differentiates for all banks. Nonetheless, no bank has a special framework for measuring sustainable risk in the manufacturing industry. Because of the banks’ general process, this thesis concludes that there are no clear advantages nor disadvantages to being sustainable when applying for a loan from Swedish banks. Even though the banks argue that sustainability is both important and included in the credit rating process, the empirical data gathered suggests that the most important and significant factor remains how financially solvent a company is.Hållbar utveckling av finansieringsavdelningen inom svenska banker genomgår stora utmaningar och förändringar. FN arbetar ständigt med att förbättra hållbara direktiv inom alla branscher för att i slutändan uppnå alla 17 mål för hållbar utveckling som har fastställts för en mer hållbar värld. Bankerna är i en unik position där de har en hög indirekt påverkan och inflytande över alla andra sektorer och i förhållande till alla 17 mål för hållbar utveckling genom sin verksamhet. Detta kan ses i de två största affärsenheterna inom bank, investeringar och finansiering. Även om hållbara investeringar har varit föremål för forskning och utvecklats i stor utsträckning, kan hållbar finansiering fortfarande sägas vara i en tidig utvecklingsfas. Genom att implementera hållbara faktorer i kredithanterings processen för låntagare kan banken hjälpa till global hållbar utveckling. Denna uppsats har undersökt förhållandet mellan FN:s 17 mål för hållbar utveckling och kreditbetyget för fyra svenska affärsbanker. Särskilt fokus har givits låntagare i tillverkningsindustrin. Resultaten visar att svenska banker har initierat en hållbar utveckling inom sin kreditprocess; emellertid genomgår processen fortfarande kontinuerliga förbättringar och tillägg. Processen och omfattningen av hållbara faktorer skiljer sig åt för alla banker. Ingen bank har dock en särskild rutin för att mäta hållbarhetsrisker i tillverkningsindustrin. På grund av bankernas allmänna process drar vi slutsatsen att det inte finns några tydliga fördelar eller nackdelar med att vara hållbara när de ansöker om ett lån från svenska banker. Även om bankerna hävdar att hållbarhet är både viktig och ingår i kreditprocessen, tyder vår undersökning på att den för företag viktigaste faktorn fortfarande är hur ekonomiskt stabilt ett företag är.
17
Du, Toit Johannes Gerhardus. "An overview of the relationship between the South Africa banking sector and the South African wine industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50573.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study shows that a close relationship exists between the South African wine industry and South African financial institutions. Research indicated a need to understand the characteristics and complexity of the wine industry, as well as that of credit assessment. This is important for both industries to further develop and strengthen their relationships. SA WIS provides statistics about various aspects of the South African wine industry. The wine industry is characterised by a fragmented basis. To strategically focus the industry, the South African Wine and Brandy Company (SAWB) was established in 2002. In the application for finance it is important for the applicant to know how credit is evaluated by financial institutions, and which aspects are of importance in the application. One cannot predict the future. The credit assessor therefore bases his credit decision on historical financial data, with the assumption that the trend will continue unless there are indications to the contrary. A specific wine industry credit application and evaluation process is discussed in the study. The final decision is only as good as the analysis, and the analysis is only as good as the information gathered. This study thus provides evidence that with a better understanding of the South African wine industry, financial institutions will be able to assess credit risks better. Similarly, the wine industry will benefit by a better understanding of credit assessment when applying for finance. A detail SWOT analysis was done on this industry. A summary was done of the most important finance needs of the South Afican wine industry, compared to the financial products offered by the South African banking industry and the information required to do the credit assessment. The additional information that the wine industry can supply to help the assessor to assess the application, is also listed. The study closes with proposals to the South African wine and banking industries on what to implement, in an effort to achieve a better relationship.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie toon dat 'n verwantskap bestaan tussen die Suid-Afrikaanse wynindustrie en Suid-Afrikaanse finansiele instellings. Navorsing toon aan dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan om die karaktereienskappe en kompleksiteit van die wynindustrie te verstaan, sowel as die van krediet keuring. 'n Beter verstandhouding is nodig om die twee industriee se verwantskap te versterk. SAWIS verskaf statistieke oor 'n verskeidenheid van die wynindustrie se aktiwiteite. Die wynindustrie het 'n gefragmenteerde basis. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wyn en Brandewyn Maatskappy (SAWB) is in 2002 gestig, juis ten doel om die bedryf strategies te fokus. Dit is belangrik vir 'n aansoeker van krediet om te verstaan hoe die finansiele instelling kredietaansoeke evalueer, asook watter aspekte belangrik is om aan te spreek in 'n kredietaansoek. Die toekoms kan nie met sekerheid bepaal word nie. Die kredietkeurder baseer dus sy kredietkeuring op historiese data, met die aanname dat die tendens sal aanhou, tensy daar aanduidings is van die teendeel. 'n Spesifieke wynindustrie kredietaansoek en evaluasieproses word bespreek in die studie. Die finale krediet besluit is slegs soos goed soos die analise en die analise op sy beurt is weer net so goed soos die inligting wat versamel is. Die studie bewys dus dat met 'n beter begrip van die Suid-Afrikaanse wynindustrie, finansiele instellings 'n beter kredietanalise evaluasie sal kan doen. Terselfdertyd sal die wynindustrie bevoordeel word deur beter te verstaan hoe kredietaansoeke geevalueer word wanneer vir finansiering aansoek gedoen word. 'n Detail SWOT-analise is op die bedryf gedoen. 'n Opsomming word gedoen van die mees algemene finansieringsbehoeftes in die wynbedryf, gemeet teenoor die finansiele produkte aangebied en inligting vereis deur die finansiele instellings. Addisionele inligting wat die wynbedryf kan bied ten einde die kredietkeurder te help om die aansoek beter te kan evalueer, word ook gelys. Die studie sluit af met voorstelle aan die Suid Afrikaanse wyn- en bank industriee wat geimplimenteer kan word teneinde 'n beter verhouding te bewerkstellig.
18
Kučera, Petr. "Studie potenciálu nákupu ploché oceli z asijských zdrojů s využitím pro automobilový průmysl v rámci EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225251.
Full textAbstract:
Subject of this master‘s thesis is evaluation of potential purchase of steel coils from Asian markets for automotive industry in EU. In the theoretical part are explained basic methods for market analysis and backgrounds, which are necessary for effective purchasing management. Practical part of the work is focused on the analysis of external and internal factors that affect company, comparison of delivery terms between suppliers and risk analysis which is joined with change of supplier. Contribution to this work and results of the study are summarized at the end of the thesis.
19
Lee, Zhao-Lin, and 李昭霖. "Using Panel Data Risk to Analyze Steel Industry Operational Risk in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xg4xgq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄科技大學
風險管理與保險系
107
The research uses statistical methods like panel data, correlation analysis, collinearity analysis, ANOVA analysis, regression analysis, fixed effects and random effects verification to fulfill the operational risk of steel industry. The application combines several company financial indicators and various macroeconomics to analyze 39 local steel industry companies in Taiwan on the operational risk from 2012 to 2018. The empirical results have 4 parts of findings. First of all, using correlation analysis between variables including 10 independent variables and one dependent variable, i.e. operational risk, the study found that several correlations are large. Using collinearity test to see if each variable has collinearity, the study found that there is non-collinearity. Second, the result of the panel data regression of the 10 independent variables on the dependent variable of operational risk has showed only 7 independent variables are significant and this regression is deemed as model 1. Third, using the ANOVA analysis, the study confirms that the applicability of model 1, 2(containing only 7macroeconomics), and model 3 (containing 7 significant variables and 3 macroeconomics) shows that model 1 is the best one. Fourth, the applicability of regression is explained properly by the fixed effect instead of random effect model which is determined by Hausman test.
20
Tsai, Huang-Ming, and 蔡鎤銘. "The Study of Economic and Industry Effect to Credit Risk." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01302545193907128874.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
91
Our study modified Belkin, Suchower and Forest(1998) model, which include economics factor in the default risk estimation. We used Taiwan check return rate per year in Central Bank’s publication to be the economics factor, and added a new factor: rate of assets return (ROA) to be the companies’ operating factor. In order to assess companies’ value, the year-end stock price and its year vibration are chosen to become the variations. The model is based on Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis to get each factor’s burden and relative volume, and then default risk can be derived. We follow KMV’s method and choose companies’ long-term liabilities plus half of current liabilities as default break point. The economics and companies’ operating factors and burdens then put into this model to introduce default probabilities. For different industry, a independent model is derived, so differences can be point out easily. Finally, we also try to explain how this model works and how to dependent on our result. Building a milestone is our study’s goal; In the past, economics factor had been accepted, while the company’s operating performance is always neglected in credit risk estimating. Our study demonstrates this factor is relevant too. Our empirical result stands on the hypothesis and contributes to further researches.
21
Hsieh, Chuan-Feng, and 謝船燈. "Ownership Structure and Credit Risk: Evidence from Taiwan’s BANK Industry." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2f2y82.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理研究所
101
Owing to financial liberalization and financial innovation, the competitive environment changes, and therefore attention to profit, and more than ever, risk becomes increasingly important in the financial services industry. Accordingly, the management of the risks of financial institutions (e.g., credit risk) by corporate governance mechanisms (e.g., ownership structure) is in need of more research. Using a dataset of Taiwan’s bank industry during 2008-2011, this paper investigates the relationship between ownership structure (including government ownership, board ownership, institutional ownership and management ownership) and credit risk. This study finds that government ownership and board ownership are negatively associated with credit risk, suggesting that the government and/or the board with high ownership is likely to reduce credit risk. The empirical results also show that management ownership has positive impact on credit risk, suggesting that banks have managers with higher ownership are likely to have higher credit risk. Finally, institutional ownership is negatively related to credit risk, but not significant.
22
TSAI, MI-CHIN, and 蔡宓芩. "A Study the Effects of “Credit Risk Index” on “Credit Risk Level” and “Financial Pressure Warning” on Taiwan Biotechnology Industry." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5623dn.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
會計學系
106
We use 86 biotechnology companies listing on TWSE and OTC from Jan. 1, 2010 to Sep. 30, 2016 as the empirical samples to study the relationship between “credit risk index” and “financial pressure warning”. By using discriminant analysis method, the empirical results show that: (1) 21 companies, actual and forecast credit risk are consistency in credit risk classification. (2) 30 companies, actual and forecast credit risk are consistency in financial pressure warning. (3) There are 9, 11 variables of credit risk classification and financial pressure warning significantly affect on credit risk, respectively. (4) There are 65.64% and 73.65% of credit risk classification and financial pressure warning significantly affect on credit risk, respectively.
23
Hong, Rong-chin, and 洪榮欽. "A Study on Customer Credit Risk of Telecommunication Industry –Mobile Telecommunication Subscriber’s Arrears Risk." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30212749797687497478.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險所
94
ABSTRACT The mobile telecommunication service industry in Taiwan has entered its mature stage. However, the market remains very competitive due to the recent implementations of 3G services and mobile phone number portability services. While mobile telecommunication service providers in Taiwan try to expand their market occupancy through increasing the amounts of their subscribers, these service providers also increase their corporate operation risk through increasing subscribers’ arrears risk. This study intend to examine and define arrears risks for telecommunication service providers in Taiwan by analyzing past studies concerning arrears risk for financial service providers in Taiwan. The derived arrears risk factors are then further analyzed with logistic regression on subscriber’ arrears database of a telecommunication service provider in Taiwan. Form the perspective of subscriber’s consuming history, it is noticed that arrears risk is positively correlated with subscription duration while subscription history is less then 11.8 months; however, negative correlation is detected if subscription history is greater then 11.9 months. In general, the trend for the longer subscription history, the less arrears risk is established. From the perspective of subscriber’s consumer behaviors, it is measured that the subscribers are with higher arrears risk if their bill in average for last 5 month is greater then all subscriber’s average billing amount for last 5 month. Subscribers using “handset subsidy” contract type are with high risk than others subscriber using “non handset subsidy” contract type. In addition, it is also found that subscribers with high monthly fixed rate are with higher arrears risk than subscribers with lower monthly fixed rate. Furthermore, it is noticed that the “last 5 months bill in average” shows a significant indication on the subscriber’s arrears risk comparing with other types of subscriber’s telecommunication fee.
24
Huang, Chia-ching, and 黃佳晴. "The Case Study of Credit Risk Management System of Bank Industry." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96837q.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
財務金融研究所
100
Due to the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007, the crisis quickly spreaded all over the world, the Domino effect resulted in a serious storm for the financial market. It not only made the global financial system shrouded under the clouds, it also resulted in losing confidence of investors. According to IMF of United States, world economic growth rate fell to 4.8% from 5.2% in 2007. The credit crunch raised the default rate, for preventing from the "Liquidity Risk", all the governments started to inject capital into financial markets. The economy of United States, European Union, Japan and other progressive countries began to decline, and it is fortunate that, because of the Asian countries had less participation in the derivative commodities market, we were able to maintain the liquidity and the impact of Asian financial markets are relatively low. Financial crisis plunged the global economy, therefore, when facing the future which is beautiful but filled with the uncertainty, we have to try our best to avoid the tragedy happens again, in addition to the expectation of the supervision authority establishing regulatory approaches which meet the international regulations to reduce and prevent the relevant financial risks, for preserving the global financial system to be sustainable developing, it is also expected that financial institutions can not only pursue the growth of performance, but also comply with the specification simultaneously based on the maintenance of financial stability and security consideration. However, the cogitation of international financial has changed, and strengthening the prudential supervision of the financial system and raising the consumer protection has become the primary goal of the international financial reform. Under the principle of prudential supervision, we are supposed to encourage the financial industry to make innovation and expand their market. Besides, the supervisor should help financial market establish the basic condition of stable operation in Taiwan through strengthening the capital adequacy and risk management. Furthermore, for enhancing the competitiveness of Taiwan’s financial institutions, we are supposed to developing the cross-strait business between Main Land China and Taiwan and to be international and see expanding the capital market and financial business to be our ultimate vision. This research aims to study the regulation of banking credit risk management. At first, it is analyzing the meaning and logic of the credit risk, and then try to figure out the methods of credit risk management. Secondly, it discusses what the effects will be brought by Basel II on the credit risk management. And eventually, it analyzes the approach and regulation the case bank builds to manage their credit risk, and then sum up the benefits from it to draw a conclusion.
25
Xu, Ming-Bin, and 徐銘斌. "Cash-Vote Divergence and Credit Risk: Evidence from Taiwan Banking Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m39yn9.
Full text
26
Kuo, Hui-Ju, and 郭慧如. "The Information Asymmetry Effect of Industry Structure on Corporate Credit Risk." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95205832383995511889.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
98
Due to the contagion effect among counterparties, the default risk and liquidity crunch of a firm are transmittable along supply chain, which causes the recent global financial crisis. This credit risk contagion phenomenon is because the fluctuations of inventory flows, cash flows and information flows of supply chain counterparties affect each other. According to literature, information flow is the most key driver to improve supply chain value. Nonetheless, few empirical studies to date put their emphases on these issues. This study investigates the information asymmetry effects of a firm’s suppliers and customers on its credit risk using American firm data from 2000 to 2008. Empirical results of this study show that the information asymmetry of suppliers has significantly positive impacts on corporate credit risks while that of customers does not when controlling credit risk related variables well known in literature. This study also reveals that the positive relation between a firm’s credit risk and the industry concentration level of its suppliers (customers) becomes weaker (stable) when suppliers (customers) have higher degree of information asymmetry. Moreover, a higher degree of information asymmetry of a firm’s suppliers reduces their requirement for the firm’s credit quality when they make R&D investment decisions. Finally, the results of this study indicate that rating agencies should incorporate supply chain information asymmetry into corporate credit risk assessment.
27
Yi-CyuanChen and 陳乙銓. "The Important Factors which affect Taiwan Credit Risk Index：Threshold and Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13317545152384142435.
Full text
28
CHIU, YUEH-CHIAO, and 邱月嬌. "The Study of the Default Risk Factors of Credit Card in Financial Industry after Credit Card Storm." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w2crv6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
105
This study uses a quarterly basis of 28 domestic and foreign banks obtained from September 2001 to September 2016 and the applies the Panel Data of the fixed and random effect model for an empirical research. Discussion on issuing banks after the financial industry turmoil in 2007, This paper focuses on the relationship between credit card business indexes and default risks. Further,it subdivides the credit card business into seven specifications such as Total, Financial Holding Company, Non-Financial Holding Company, Valid Card Number above or below 250,000 and the Average Amount of Consumption per Card above or below NTD7,000 This work analyzes the impacts of credit card business indexes on the overdue loan ratio and allowance for bad debt coverage. By adding a speed adjustment coeffticient. the differences of speed adjustment for each specification of overdue loans and allowance for bad debt coverage will be measured. The empirical results show that the number of valid cards, the monthly credit card cancellation, revolving credit balances, revolving credit growth rates, the credit card interest income/total interest income were positively correlated with the overdue loan ratio. However, the monthly credit card issued was negatively correlated with the overdue loan ratio . It is because that the sample is affected by the subprime crisis on April 2007. The banking sector tended to more conservative offering the loans which indirectly led to decline the overdue loan ratio. The results of monthly credit card issued, revolving credit balances, the monthly advanced cash amount, and the revolving credit growth rate were positively correlated with the allowance for bad debt coverage. On the other hand, the monthly credit card cancellation and the monthly credit card bill were negatively correlated with the allowance for bad debt coverage. To analyze speed adjust ment, this study reveals that the speed adjusement coefficient is faster than others for the specification of the average amount of consumption per credit card less than NTD7,000. This indicates that the bank may quickly reach the expected allowance for bad debt coverage. However, the specification of valid card number below 250,000 cards shows the smallest speed adjustment coefficient. This means that it is relatively slow to get the expected overdue loan ratio for the banks.
29
Choenyana, Kgapyane Samuel. "An investigation into the influence of credit ratings on credit risk of the South African banking industry." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26735.
Full textAbstract:
The financial stability of banks is crucial if they are to fulfil their role in facilitating transactions between borrowers and lenders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of credit risk on the South African banking industry following a movement in credit ratings by rating agencies. Data from a sample of 11 banks were collected from 2006 to 2015. Econometric regression analysis was used to analyse the data. The results show that inflation, credit ratings, exchange rate, gross domestic product, unemployment rate, capital adequacy ratio and size of the bank are significant factors that determine "non-performing loans". Therefore, it is imperative that banks continuously monitor these factors and adapt their credit policies on "non-performing loans". This action would prepare banks for any adverse effects and ensure that the banking industry remains a sound and efficient contributor to the growth of the South African economy.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
30
HUNG, HUI-LING, and 洪慧齡. "The Early Warning System of Credit Risk in Banking Industry: Systematic Review." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hkd3q2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
管理學院資訊與財金管理EMBA專班
107
Bank credit risk early warning systems are in recent years seeing developments of expert systems which use statistical analysis and artificial intelligence.In the past, the academic literature on the bank credit risk early warning system mostly focused on the expert experience and traditional statistical models, which used financial variables to make predictions on the risk of loan defaults of borrowers.Although foreign related literature has explored statistical models, artificial intelligence expert systems and theories, these studies lack research on the practical aspects of banking applications. This study uses a systematic literature review methodology, supplemented by practical discussions on banking early warning system indicators, statistical models and artificial intelligence expert system model construction. The study furthermore discusses whether the intelligent risk control measures implemented by the banking industry in mainland China show effective early warning outcomes. The main contribution of this research is to through systematic literature review find important early warning indicators for large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises and explore artificial intelligence expert system models that have been developed in banking practice. The results of this study will be beneficial for Taiwans banking industry in credit evaluation before lending, it will aid in the development of intelligent risk control and helps to optimize the early warning system of credit risk in the banking industry through the discussion of the use of artificial intelligence expert systems. This research furthermore fills in the gap in accounting and financial literature of the practical applications of these systems.
31
KUO, PEI-CHEN, and 郭佩禎. "An Empirical Study of High-Technology Industry, Corporate Governance and Credit Risk Models." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nsm873.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班
107
This research was conducted mainly for studying on the influence of the high-tech companies regarding to key dimension of financial variables and corporate governance variables. It builds a sound credit risk early-warning model to predict the potential financial risk and to improve the adequate finical ratio to avoid the credit risk of the companies. The research uses 82 high-tech companies listed at stock exchange market and over-the-counter market in Taiwan as research samples. They are composed of 41 sample companies that ever occurred credit risk and other 41 companies at good status of the financial result. The important financial ratio and key corporate governance dimension were selected to approach the result with Logit Regression Analysis.The result could indicate that the compa-ny’s performance and financial result were positive impacted signif-icantly regarding the key dimension of Third-party accountants out-side of corporate governance issues on corporate governance and negative impacted significantly regarding the key dimension of finaicl variables.
32
Wang, Shu-E., and 王素娥. "Credit Risk Management of the Banking Industry in Taiwan ：From the Business Ethics Perspectives." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88232211681478330767.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
管理科學研究所企業經營碩士在職專班
96
In response to the global trend of deregulation of financial institutions, Taiwanese government has been gradually trimming down its control over financial institutions since 1980. As a result, 16 privately owned banks received approval and were established between 1991 and 1992. Although only about 16 years has passed since then, some of those banks frequently encounter management crisis, due mostly to the low quality of their credit evaluation system in loan processing. As a result, bad debts lead to losses, generating confidence crisis, creating greater liquidity risk, and reducing the level of saving. The issue of credit risk is closely linked to the business ethics. Financial stability is the foundation of economic development for a country. Since lending is the core of banking business, the effectiveness of control over loan quality directly determines the success of a bank. This paper provides a conceptual framework for analysis by reviewing related literature and studying practical examples of loan processing. We interviewed 16 financial experts in various banks owned both by the government and by private parties, and categorize the analysis by corporate culture, banking system, loan processing procedure, non-performing loan, and risk management. Conclusion: 1. The employees in the more successful banks follow the rules closely, and abide by the principles when processing loans, resulting in higher loan quality; 2. The banks experienced hardship in business mostly because of issues related to the business ethics; 3. The corporate that regard highly business ethics usually operate better and are, therefore, reliable borrowers with lower credit risk; 4. To acquire loans, some borrowers with lower credit rating may exercise unethical practices; 5. Fierce competition among banks results in petite profits. For the longevity of business, it is crucial to consolidate credit risk management in loan processing; 6. Managers should highly value of the business ethics and take the ultimate responsibility in managing credit risk. Suggestions to the management of the Bank: 1. Banks should regard “trust” highly and establish the business ethics; 2. Banks should enhance their internal management and be responsible to the society; 3. Establishing clear principles and procedures for credit evaluation and loan processing, preventing collusion between borrowers and bank employees; 4. Strictly controlling loan processing procedures, installing double-approval system, and effectively carrying out internal control and accounting system.
33
Wang, Wen-Lan, and 王文蘭. "Research of Company Credit Risk of Considering Industry FactorsAnalysis based on Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16944920850253776724.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
99
There is multilevel of information collected in this study, and when company’s dependent variable is influenced by industry level explanatory variable, we still take traditional regression analysis, the estimated standard errors will be too small and type I error over inflated; therefore, this study adopts to hierarchical linear modeling to analyze industry level, company level which will influence the company credit risk, and also compare both together with adding contextual variable aggregated by company level variable and high level explanatory variable in model and proceed with predicted ability and inspection of grade of fit from samples taken. The result indicates there is 21.4% from total sum of variances of industry difference no matter company default or not, 78.6% from variation within-industry which means there is high connection between dependent variable and industry difference. Besides, no matter company default or not which causes cross-level effect could be through company level variable for contextual variable and high level explanatory variable; furthermore, putting contextual variable and high level explanatory variable in model, type I and type II error ratio are both reduced, and the accuracy of whole model is increased from 96.8% to 97%. The -2LL value of proper inspection becomes smaller and means the predicted test is more accurate.
34
Peng, Shih-Hao, and 彭士豪. "Study on the Criteria of Environmental Credit Risk Assessment for Banking Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2995aj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
93
Nowadays, in view of the importance of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, as well as the perspective of environmental risk management, international financial companies have changed their criteria for loan or investment from barely considering financial status of the customers in the former times to the present to take the attitude of environmental responsibility. They have been verified actively towards the customers whether they have endeavored to take effect or to carry out the environmental friendly policy in order to reduce the impact on the environment and to minimize the environmental liability. Since this is a newly-developed concept and practice in financial industry, the awareness and current status of financial institutes (especially banks) of Taiwan were not known and will be explored in this study. In addition, an environmental credit risk assessment (ECRA) criteria, based on the experiences of foreign companies and literature review, was also developed for evaluating Taiwan’s financial institutes. A questionnarie survey was conducted to investigate the motivation behind the credit qualification and the considerations of the environmental factor of the financial sectors, as well as the knowledge and awareness of financial sectors on ECRA principles. From this study, it is found that the main considerations for banks to loan was abided by regulations, the spontaneity of environmental protection consciousness was low, and the establishment of ECRA mechanism lies in a passive condition. On the aspect of ECRA principle, the banking industry takes the industrial safety most seriously; the second is the impact towards society economy from the loans and investments, moreover, hoping that all cases of loan and investment can fit in with the regulations of environmental protection. However, the environmental performance of companies is also the basic consideration for qualification. The result also showed that the larger and longer financial institutes will be more specific to take the environmental risk management into account for loans and investments. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used by the financial institutes in Taiwan for integrating environmental considerations into their risk management mechanism. A deepen study on the ECRA mechanism for Taiwan’s financial institutes should be worthwhile to conduct in the future.
35
Mtimkulu, Z. M. "The impact of inaccurate credit information on bank's secured lending." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3740.
Full textAbstract:
Research report to SBL, Unisa, Midrand.Credit risk has been identified as the main risk that can result in the failure of a bank due to ineffective credit decisions. It is, therefore, critical for the banks to conduct credit risk assessment on new applicants and existing customers in order to determine the level of affordability and mitigate credit risk. Consumer credit information plays a very important role in credit risk assessment because it can accurately detect and predict default. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of inaccurate credit information on bank’s secured lending division. The investigation was conducted using various methods to achieve the objectives of this research. This was done through the exploration of literature review relating to research of the management of consumers credit information in developed and developing countries, and secured lending and inaccurate credit data. A quantitative research methodology was adopted. It was observed that credit risk is seen as the key risk that banks are faced with. It was found that inaccurate consumer credit data can have a negative impact on bank’s operations in terms of consumer’s disputes, higher pricing and consumer overindebtedness. In addition, inaccurate consumer credit data impede access to credit by consumers. One of the general recommendations of this research is that banks should assist in training the consumers to improve their knowledge of credit report. Further studies in the area of corporate or business clients are also recommended as the focus of this research was on individual bank’s clients.
36
Shih, Yi-Lin, and 施逸琳. "The Effect of Industry Factors on the Credit Risk of Corporations-Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71536905683157387825.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
國際貿易學系
94
In the procedure of equity analysis, which is generally from top to down, we first consider the national economical factors of the equity. Second, we consider the industry to which the corporation belongs. Finally we analyze the company in order to pick up the most profitable stock to invest. In the procedure of the investment, industry factors play the vital role. Therefore, whether in risk management or in securities investment, industry factors can’t be over emphasized. While measuring credit risk, traditional accounting parameters or corporate governance factors are generally adopted to judge whether the company may go bankrupt or not. That approach analyzes the credit risk only from the individual aspect. This thesis sheds new light on the theme by using new analytical method, Hierarchical Linear Modeling(is abbreviated as HLM), to take industry factors, accounting parameters and corporate governance factors into account at the same time. We try to forecast and measure the credit risks both from the macro and micro aspect. This research surveys all listed companies of 21 industries in Taiwan. The sample period lasts eight years, from 1996 to 2003. We use HHI (Herfindahl Hirschman Index) to measure the industry’s intensity of competition. The company faces the industry’s risk when the net value lower than the face value. Moreover, following Chen(2005), we use the nine parameters in our paper. The empirical results show that industry’s risks can influence the probability of company bankruptcy. That means that the higher industry's risk is, the higher the probability of company bankruptcy is. In addition, industry's risk can, through X5 parameter (often called continuing ROE or annual industry average continuing ROE frequently), influence industry's risk, and further lead the company to bankruptcy. On the other hand, the effect of intensity of industry’s competition is not significant. This may result from the deficiency of only using HHI to measure industry competition and neglecting other financial index that might also indicate using industry's competitiveness.
37
Huang, Hao Jhe, and 黃浩哲. "Taiwan Corporate Credit Risk Index into the Financial Crisis Warning Model in Taiwan Electronics Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3s4dgq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
102
There were a few significant fraud in Taiwan and have a great impact to the environment since 2004 PROCOMP INFORMATICS LTD . The financial problem just like a big tree was plucked up, deep and wide. The CPA offer s assurance service for information asymmetry Taiwan has become one of the biggest country in electronics industry since 1995. Therefore, it is important to have a independent party to evaluate the chance of the financial crisis in a corporation. This paper is to explore financial variables and credit risk index and to build a financial crisis model about electronics industry in Taiwan. This study finds there have four varibeles could represet the company’s financial crisis Those four variables are EBIT to total assets, net cash flow to total liabilities, total liabilities to total assets and credit risk index.
38
Lu, Ching-Ting, and 呂靜婷. "The influence of Industry Expertise of Independent Directors and Supervisors on Taiwan Corporate Credit Risk Index." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71427196684182347179.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
會計研究所
104
This paper researches the effect of industry expertise of independent directors and supervisors on Taiwan corporate credit risk index(TCRI). According to regulatory requirements, the company must set up an independent directors and supervisors or audit committee to supervise management, but there is no specific requirements about their identity or background. In this article we added conditions of industry experts to observe the overall company influence. The study collected research data from 2009 to 2014 of the listed companies in Taiwan. TCRI and the other related data came from Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ).We used Heckman''s two-stage method to explore the relationship between industry experts and credit rating. The exogenous variableare number of part-time and training hours of independent directors and supervisors. The first stage which we estimated IMR through Logit model, and the results of the first stage were then used in Ordered Logit to test the hypothesis. The empirical results show that the independent directors and supervisors who has professional background with relevant industry experience that might have better effect of board oversight in company. And at the same time, it can reduce earnings restatement or earnings management. Thus it can strengthen the quality and reliability of financial statements and the external investors will enhance confidence in the company. Due to professional advice which provided by industry experts that credit rating agency will give the company a better score. This article will help government make regulations in the future or when companies hire independent directors and supervisors, they will consider their relevant work experience.
39
Lin, Lee-Ching, and 林麗靜. "A Study on the New Basel II Framework on Credit Risk Assessing in the Enterprise Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36905889260089459096.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
保險金融管理系
102
January 2001, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision announced a new version of The Basel II Accord and implemented between members states in end of 2006. Encourage banks to establish internal credit risk system to improve risk awareness and make up the typical problems. Resources of the empirical analysis are from Taiwan Economic Journal, Taiwan Industry Economic Service Report and The Securities and Futures Bureau (SFB) based on Taiwan listed companies of electronic industry for the period 2002 to 2011 as main objects of the study. The methods used in this study is through the process of data mining using Logistics Regression to construct the model. The study is intends to explore the Logistic Regression Analysis to predict the default probability of list companies.
40
Chia-Yu, Kuo, and 郭家妤. "The Relationship between Working Capital, Risk and Credit Rating－The Case of Cement and Plastic Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56583373340437169342.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
102
From the recent experience of Lehman Brothers and the global financial crisis, indicating short-term liquidity plays a very important role. Working capital is closely related to the daily operation of the Department and covers enterprise assets. If the enterprise lacks of working capital, the short-term liabilities of the enterprise would be unable to pay at maturity. If the enterprise lacks of working capital, the credit rating would be downgraded or unable to cope with sudden emergency funding needs. Therefore, if the company failed to grasp the sources and uses of working capital, the temporary failure operation of capital may lead this company to bankrupt. Risks faced by the business enterprises are likely to affect working capital holdings, and credit ratings may also provide more information to users of financial statements. The results show that, in the cement industry and the plastics industry, changes in working capital can be observed from the statement of cash flows. For the cement industry in terms of the TCC and Asia Cement, operational risks is not associated with working capital. Only the other cement companies appear as significant correlation with working capital. For the plastics industry, only OTC (OTC) group shows that operational risk is significant impact on the working capital. Credit rating (CREDIT) for the cement industry as a whole is not a significant variable , but in plastic products group and OTC (OTC) group is a significant variables. In addition to observing the working capital on the balance sheet, credit ratings can also provide more information.
41
Hsieh, Ming-Hsuan, and 謝明選. "The Relationship among the Collateralized Shares, Credit Risk Management and Performance in the Taiwan Banking Industry." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20620559804931723227.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
經濟管理研究所
96
Abstract In recent years, considerable concerns have arisen over the issue of corporate governance in banks’ supervision. One of the major issues has been investigated whether the sound mechanism of corporate governance benefits bank risk management and performance. The collateralized shares, serving stocks as collaterals, are one of financial leverage approaches and it is likely to be an incentive for block shareholders to misapply assets due to the deviation between the controlship and the ownership. The objective of this study is to examine whether the attitude of the board of directors toward risk will affect the bank risk and performance. The samples and examination periods are the quarterly data of 27 listed Commercial Banks on the Taiwan Stock Exchange and OTC market from 1999 to 2007. Empirical results support the claim that the collateralized shares may have contributed to a lower return due to a higher risk and they are in line with previous studies (Chiou et al., 2002; Kao and Chiou, 2002). In conclusion, the monitoring mechanism should enforce relatively regulations more strictly to avoid the agency problems. Especially to the insiders of influence such as board of directors or block shareholders, more strictly regulations and the disclosure of relatively information should be necessary. The result will be expected to lead to better understanding of the nature of the collateralized shares and laying the groundwork for realizing that is the collateralized shares worth monitoring. It may provide policy implication for the regulators in the later monitoring requirement.
42
Van, der Walt Johanna Cornelia. "'n Ondersoek na alternatiewe metodes van kredietrisikoverskansing in die staalbedryf." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4215.
Full textAbstract:
M.Comm.Many companies, especially in the steel industry, are today required to dedicate much of their time to managing the risks they are faced with. Risk can be defined as the uncertainty or probability of the potential deviation from the expected or the norm. Risk management therefore encompasses all activities undertaken by management, which seek to reduce either the probability of a potential deviation and/or the quantum of the potential deviation. The risk management process is therefore aimed at ensuring that the steel company will deliver to its shareholders the earnings that are expected of them. In order to avoid these potential risks, the steel company has to make sure that the clients that the company are doing business with have the ability and willingness to pay their accounts. There is a very thin line between choosing potential clients and the sales that will be gained from dealing with these debtors, and the risk that these debtors has for the steel company. It is therefore important to categorize the debtors into different risk profiles. After the category of risk is identified, the steel company has to choose between different credit insurance methods to cover risks. The methods that are currently available in the steel industry are rigid, and are costing the company money, that could have been invested elsewhere in the company. It is therefore important to look at alternative methods to either avoid the risks or cover the risks. It depends on the type of client the company is doing business with. The clients can be classified as A, B, C or D risk profile. The composition of the debtors book in terms of risk profiles will be the criteria for choosing a method for credit insurance.
43
Greeff-Rothmann, Lucille. "Cooperative conflict and contested space: a case study of risk and safety in the steel industry." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/571.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a journey into the world of risk and safety in the steel industry. The problem statement that is explored in this study relates to the nature of the relationship between safety performance and stakeholders in the steel industry, the nature of the relationships between different stakeholders and the way in which these relationships impact on risk management strategies. The author contends that safety is not a normative or procedural system within the workplace, but rather a performative system. Performance in this system, which determines life and death, is based on consensual cooperative-conflict relationships between different role-players. The nature of these relationships are analysed and explored with the concept of cooperative conflict as a reference, while keeping temporal and spatial considerations in mind. The physical space of the steel mill is a contested space. Within this space, relationships play out themes relating to agency, masculinity, risk, resistance, compliance and survival in a constant subliminal negotiation for power and perceived control over an environment that is inherently threatening in nature. The research is presented as ethnography in the form of a case study of an international organisation that provides materials handling and slag reduction services to the ferro-industry in South Africa. The researcher interacted with role-players in this organisation as a participant observer, with the primary method of data gathering and analysis being qualitative in nature. Data gathering and analysis revealed that safety performance relates to specific aspects within the work environment, namely macro political, economic, institutional, psychological and concrete factors. The researcher concludes that overt, normative safety management procedures in the steel industry only provide a backdrop for daily risk management strategies. Negotiating risk, together with the often covert ways in which actors assert their agency within the steel industry, makes safety performance complex and relationship based. To improve safety performance in the steel industry, relationships and power need to be renegotiated. This requires internal organisational changes as well as larger systemic changes.Prof. T. de Wet
44
Huang, Chunwei, and 黃淳偉. "Assessing the credit risk by hidden Markov model—a case study of the electronic industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51064446219095162818.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
管理碩士學位學程
99
Recently, credit risk management has been a major topic of concern for bank industries and other financial intermediaries. The BaselⅡ framework allows main approach to evaluating credit risk inherent in loans. The first is the Standardized Approach. The second is an Internal Ratings-Based（IRB）Approach, which allows banks use their own internal rating systems and credit scoring models subject to strict methodological and disclosure standards, as well as explicit approval by the bank’s supervising regulator. This not only help bank to estimate credit risk, but also increases the efficiency to make lending decision. In the recent year, the hidden Markov model has been widely applied in many areas. In this paper, we propose a hidden Markov model to estimate credit risk by employing the electronic industry in Taiwan. The sample period is from 1997 to 2009. We empirically investigate credit risk by simulating three hidden states, that represent economic state.The empirical results show that rating class 1 have lower default probability than those of rating class 2 and 3. On the other hand, we adopt distance to default of Merton and KMV for robustness test. Finally, we expect that the methodology will help financial institutions to estimate credit risk efficiently.
45
Ou, Chuan-Hsien, and 歐權賢. "The Analysis of the China''s Internet Loans Industry under the Perspective of Credit Risk." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j9ms8h.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
103
With the rapid growth of China’s economy in recent years, China’s small and medium enterprises in order to quickly layout and development, there is a strong demand for funds; however, whether through banks or the stock market, bond market, are facing financing difficulties. Therefore, small and medium enterprises in China are a huge unmet demand for funds. Rise of the Internet Finance has given the opportunity to finance such a huge demand for funds to meet. Currently, the industry still belongs to the early stage of development, including the P2P Internet Lending and E-commerce Finance. About P2P Lending part, the paper presents highlights platform on PPDAI, Yirendai, Renrendai and Lufax P2P Lending; and the part of E-commerce Finance, including Ants microfinance and Jingdong supply chain financing in two ways. Due to the nature of Internet Finance is finance, through the perspective of this study is to analyze credit risk of these Internet lending companies; I would like to know how it works. In addition, in order to reduce credit risk, Internet Lending through the core of the Internet, that is using the big data to verify the borrowers. However, the reality is that P2P Internet Lending companies face credit problems and industry regulatory issues, developing the inferiority of nature; on the other hand, E-commerce Finance suppliers due to accumulated massive users of financial transaction data, so it can use it to develop its lending business. Therefore, P2P Internet Lending companies and E-commerce Finance suppliers in the Big data competition, whch is better, and which is inferior. It’s easy to judge. Futhermore, E-commerce platform can be divided into: platform model and trading model, and these two develop into Ants microfinance models and Jingdong supply chain financing model separately. Due to the E-commerce Finance suppliers mainly lending to finance electricity supplier platform, my paper analyzes the operation of Ali E-commerce and Jingdong’s suppliers to determine the credit risk of these two models. Besides, since the micro-credit companies have limits on the amount, based on the perspective of this paper also analyzes the credit risk of Ants microfinance asset securitization to increase lending approach.
46
CHIANG, YUNG-CHENG, and 蔣永政. "Discussion on Sustainable Development and Business Risk Indexes of Enterprises from the Angle of Steel Industry." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uuqfxt.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理系企業管理碩士專班
106
The iron and steel industry is the national construction of the basic industry, also known as the mother of the industry. It is a capital and technology-intensive industry, with high pollution and high energy consumption. In the face of this production characteristic, how to survive and take into account the trend of environmental protection in the predicament, is a major challenge of the industry. In view of this, this research lists the industry as an object, which hope to help enterprises in the industry to be sustainable development, and keep to play an important role in the industrial development. This research will discuss the sustainable development of the iron and steel industry in depth, and find out the key factors of the sustainable development of enterprises through the literature collection and analysis. Then these key factors are made into an interview topic of enterprise and academia, and interviewing with the executives of iron and steel industry and experts in the field of sustainable development of enterprises of academic. After the interview records are transcribed into verbatim manuscripts, these will be analyzed the influence degree of key factors by the MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. The key indicators to measure the sustainable development of enterprises are clearly summed up from the practical perspective of the industry. After the analysis and the integration, this research summarized five major facets which affect the sustainable development of enterprises and established a total of 44 key assessment indicators, and then developed the evaluation scale of sustainable development of enterprises. After the evaluation scale of sustainable development of enterprises has been measured by the industry, it is determined that the evaluation scale is applicable to the industry and can be provided to the enterprises in the industry for reference and using. It can help enterprises to find out the bottlenecks and weaknesses of sustainable development and business, and accordingly draw up the management policy and strategy to make the enterprises easier to control the current situation in business and make the most effective use of the limited resources.
47
Yang, Chih-Ting, and 楊智婷. "Do Macroeconomic Condition Influence the Credit Line and Default Risk of SMEs in Medical and Healthcare Service Industry?" Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90938664067557584803.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
企業管理學系碩士班
101
Because of information asymmetry problem, bank loans play an important funding source of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). Banks make their loan decisions depend on lots of risk based information, such as macro environment variables and SMEs’ characteristic. When the macroeconomics condition is better and the firms’ operating risk is lower, the banks will make more loans. But the growth rate of national health insurance payments is bigger than the growth rate of real GDP per capital during this decade in Taiwan, even in the banking crisis period. This shows firms in the medical and health care service were less impacted by macroeconomics condition than firms in other industry. However SMEs were more impacted by macroeconomics condition, SMEs are hard to get banks loans when the macroeconomics condition is bad. Hence this paper is going to study that whether the national health insurance payments, macroeconomics condition and characteristics of SMEs would influence the default rate and the credit line they acquired. The results show that when the firms are younger and the firms are in the location with higher national health insurance payments the banks would lend more to firms. The default rate is higher when the entrepreneurs are male, the firms are younger and in the location with lower disposable income, national health insurance payments and unemployment rate.
48
Pan, Li-Chuan, and 潘莉琄. "The Influence of the Credit Risk Factors for Banking Industry Operating Performance．－ The Case of Commercial Banks in Taiwan．." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40346497194628972765.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
會計資訊學系碩士班
101
The purpose of this study use the credit risk factors to measure the financial performance, this study collect Financial Ratios data of Taiwan Business Bank. And use the CAMEL, descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis and stage regression analysis to measure the credit risk factors on the financial performance and the impact of the financial performance on the whole operating performance. And for the first time into the ratio of credit exposure to be a credit risk factor and insolvency risk ratio to measure the whole operating performance. This study proof that the credit risk factors will impact on the financial performance of CAMEL and the financial performance will impact on the whole operating performance.
49
Tsai, Chen-Yu, and 蔡辰裕. "Applying Classification and Regression Trees Model to the Evaluation of Credit Risk of Virtual Store in Retailing Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57270662151244011284.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
商學研究所
96
TV shopping companies using live broadcast are growing rapidly in Taiwan recently. Plus the sales channels of mail order and web shopping, the market value of the virtual store in retail industry is continuously escalating, and the market has arrived the mature stage. In order to raise the sales, all virtual-store companies in the retail industry provide the service of installment payment by credit card to reduce customers’ burden each month. It also lowers down the threshold of the product purchase and inspires consumers’ purchase willing. Moreover, under the marketing by the credit card issue banks, the number of credit cards outstanding is soaring high year by year. The consumers now can expand their credit easily by using the credit cards. Therefore, under the promotion by both banks and firms, consumers’ abilities of installment payment are strongly overvalue. One can use his credit freely without any limitation. As a result, in the end of 2005, there was a card debt crisis which shocked the nation. The crisis not only caused consumers to have heavy debt burden, but also struck card issue banks and many industries, which leaded firms to the serious loss of the overdue payment. In order to prevent firms from having such huge loss again, a well-designed credit risk evaluation model is extremely necessary. However, the credit risk evaluation model which firms use now is simple. Most of them only use the experience from their employees to control the credit risk, which can cause bias easily. In this research, a more objective and precise statistics model- classification and regression tree (CART) - is used for the construction of the credit risk evaluation model. It also uses consumers’ data from the database of the Eastern Home Shopping and Leisure Company as the source for the verification of the model we construct. It’s expected that under the consideration of various variables, the credit risk evaluation model with higher precision could be established to help firms lower the loss of the overdue payment.
50
Chen, Chen-Shu, and 陳淑珍. "Assessing The Impact of Credit Risk on Enterprise Loan Business of Taiwan's financial industry - A Case study of A Bank." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69757720251721314629.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
96
ABSTRACT The more financial merchandise came out recent years that make the market much competitive; banks usually exposed its capital under highly risk in order to make more profit. To make sure financial institute for the long term operation, it needs strong ability of an evacuation and to support financial institute. The main protection of financial institute is having enough capital of shareholders which is an important unpredictable buffer of it. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has announced New Basel Capital Accord (indicated as Basel II as the follows) that formulates broad supervisory standards and guidelines and recommends statements of best practice in banking supervision in the expectation that member authorities and other nations’ authorities will take steps to implement them through their own national systems. We also started Basel II in the end of 2006; and due to Basel II have more detail, transparent regulation on risk exposed of banks; plus it requires banks have to make risk evaluation quantitatively; Basel II will have a huge influence on operation strategy and risk management among all financial institute in Taiwan. The research uses documentation analysis on New Basel Capital Accord in order to make regulations on credit risk and also introduce the realistic of the management structure; it also provides advise for domestic banks when it face to credit risk management problems.