Relevant bibliographies by topics / Credit to the private sector

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Academic literature on the topic 'Credit to the private sector'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

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Gbenga, Olorunmade, Samuel Olusegun James, and Adewole Joseph Adeyinka. "Determinant of Private Sector Credit and Its Implication on Economic Growth in Nigeria: 2000-2017." American Economic & Social Review 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i1.242.

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The study examined the determinant of private sector credit and its implication on economic growth in Nigeria. The fluctuation in the supply of money and credit is the basic causal factor at work in cyclical process; when money supply falls, prices decrease, profit decrease, production activities become sluggish and production falls and when money supply expands, price rise, profit increase and the total output increases and finally growth takes place. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Private Sector Credit and Gross Domestic Product. Data were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Simple regression analysis was used to achieve the stated objective. It was revealed in the determinant of credit supply equation 1 that there was significant relationship between Total credits to private sector and money supply in Nigeria. It was also discovered in the Private Sector Credit and Economic Growth Equation 2 that there was significant relationship between private sector credit and economic growth in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that there should be persistence increase of money supply to Nigerian economy in order to increase the flow of credit to the real sector of the Nigerian economy, financial institutions should distribute more credit to the real sector for productive purposes in order to increase Gross domestic product.
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Katusiime, Lorna. "Private Sector Credit and Inflation Volatility." Economies 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6020028.

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Sulaiman, Zaagha Alexander. "Money Supply and Private Sector Funding in Nigeria: A Multi-Variant Study." Asian Finance & Banking Review 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v4i1.573.

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This study examined the effect of money supply on private sector funding in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which monetary policy affect private sector funding in Nigeria. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1985-2018. Credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector was used as dependent variables while narrow money supply, broad money supply, large money supply, private sector demand deposit was used as independent variables. Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration test, normalized co-integrating equations, parsimonious vector error correction model and pair-wise causality tests were used to conduct the investigations and analysis. The empirical findings revealed that money supply explains 82.1 percent variation on credit to core private sector, 85.2 percent and 23.4 percent of the variation in credit to private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. The study conclude that money supply has significant relationship with credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. From the findings, the study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should induce the variations of the amount of money changes through the nominal interest rates. That the monetary authorities should ensure adequate quantity of money supply that positively affect private sector funding in Nigeria.
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Sulaiman, Zaagha Alexander, and Murray Monday Ebike. "Deposit Money Bank Policy and Private Sector Funding: A Multi-Dimensional Study from Nigeria." Australian Finance & Banking Review 4, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v4i1.600.

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This study empirically examined the effect of deposit money banks policy on private sector funding in Nigeria. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1985-2018. Credit to private sector, credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises was used as dependent variables while liquidity ratio and loan to deposit ratio was used as independent variables. Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration test, normalized co-integrating equations, parsimonious vector error correction model and pair-wise causality tests were used to conduct the investigations and analysis. The empirical findings revealed that deposit money banks policy explains 40.8 percent variation on credit to core private sector, 28.1 percent and 58.9 percent of the variation in credit to core private sector and credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. The study conclude that deposit money banks policy has no significant relationship with credit to private sector and credit to core private sector but has significant relation with credit to small and medium scale enterprises sector. From the findings, the study recommends compliance to deposit money banks policies; this will enhance effective financial intermediation and increase funding of the private sector. There is also need for the regulatory authorities to harmonize the various deposit money banks policies with the objective of enhancing private sector funding. There is need to decentralize the operation of the deposit money banks in the urban cities. Policies should be formulated to extend the operation of the deposit money banks to the rural communities, this will enable the institutions to mobilize much deposit and increase credit to the private sector.
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Mensah, Alice Constance, and Ebenezer Okyere. "Monetary Policy and Private Sector Credit Interaction in Ghana." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 67 (July 15, 2020): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.67.180.191.

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Using a series of econometric techniques, the study analysed interaction between monetary policy and private sector credit in Ghana. This study made use of monthly dataset spanning January 1999 to December 2019 of credit to the private sector (PSC) and broad money supply (M2). The results reveal that there exists cointegration, a long run stationary relation between monetary policy and private sector credit. This implies, increases in credit should prompt long-term increases in monetary policy. It is not surprising that growth in the private sector might have a stronger effect on monetary policy. The Error Correction Test is statistically significant and that all the variables demonstrate similar adjustment speeds. This implies that in the short run, both money supply and credit are somewhat equally responsive to their last period’s equilibrium error. There is unidirectional causation from private sector credit to monetary policy. It can be said that, there is an interaction between money supply and private sector credit. Thus, credit to private sector holds great potential in promoting economic growth. It can be recommended to the government to increase the credit flow to the private sector because of its strategic importance in creating and generating growth of the economy.
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Mesagan, Ekundayo, Ndubuisi Olunkwa, and Ismaila Yusuf. "Financial Development and Manufacturing Performance: The Nigerian Case." Studies in Business and Economics 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0009.

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AbstractThe study focused on financial sector development and manufacturing performance in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2015. In the study, three indicators such as manufacturing capacity utilization, manufacturing output and manufacturing value added were employed to proxy manufacturing performance while money supply as a percentage of GDP, domestic credit to the private sector and liquidity ratio were employed to proxy financial development. The study observed that credit to the private sector and money supply positively but insignificantly enhanced capacity utilization and output, but negatively impacted value added of the manufacturing sector in the short run. There is slight improvement in the long where both money supply and credit to private sector exert positive impact manufactured output. Hence, it becomes crucial for commercial banks to make available certain percentage of their profits for industrial expansion in order to create linkages between both sectors.
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Innocent, Idachaba Odekina, Olukotun G. Ademola, and Elam Wunako Glory. "Influence of Bank Credits on the Nigerian Economy." American Economic & Social Review 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i1.240.

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The aim of this study is to examine the influence of bank credits on the Nigerian economy using time series data covering the period from 1980 to 2017.Gross domestic product was used as proxy for the economy while credits to the private sector, public sector and prime lending rate were used as proxies of Banks credits. Unit root test was used to test stationary which reveals that all the variables were stationary at first difference. The regression analysis result shows that credit to the private sector have positive effect on Nigerian economy while credit to public sector and prime lending rate have negative effect on the Nigerian economy. The result of co-integration test presented reveals that there exist among the variables co-integration which means long-run analysis. It is recommended that, policy makers should focus attention on long-run policies to promote economic growth such as development of modern banking sector, efficient financial market, infrastructures.
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Aftab, Nadeem, Khalil Jebran, Irfan Ullah, and Muhammad Awais. "IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE ON PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT; EVIDENCE." Jinnah Business Review 04, no. 01 (January 1, 2016): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53369/ayci1997.

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This study explored the long and short term effect of interest rate on private sector credit on Pakistan for the period of 1975 to 2011. The Stationary of data was analyzed by Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Peron test. This study applied Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model for the purpose of analyzing long and short term relationship. The results revealed significant negative effect of interest rate on private sector credit in the long run, and also in the short run. The results also indicated significant positive effect of inflation on private sector credit in long and short run. However, exchange rate was found to have no effect on private sector credit.
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John Asaleye, Abiola, Joseph Ibrahim Adama, and Joseph Olufemi Ogunjobi. "Financial sector and manufacturing sector performance: evidence from Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(3).2018.03.

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Nigerian economy depends on oil as the major source of revenue, failure to diversify the revenue base has raised questions about its sustainability and implication on the economy. This study uses market capitalization, broad money stock, credit to private sector, prime interest rate and deposit liability as proxies for the financial sector, while output in the manufacturing sector and manufacturing employment are used as proxies for manufacturing performance. The study examines the causal effects, shock effect and long-run impact using Granger Non-Causality, Vector Error Correction Model, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square method, respectively. The results showed unidirectional causality, confirming the hypothesis of the ‘supply-leading view’ and ‘demand-following view’ except for market capitalization and output in the manufacturing sector, where independence was observed. The variance decomposition shows that the forecast error shock of credit to private sector and prime interest rate show more variations in manufacturing sector performance than other financial indicators. The long-run result using output in manufacturing sector as dependent variable shows a positive significant relationship with other financial sector indicators, except for broad money stock and deposit liability. This study recommended credit channel for transmission of monetary policy using interest rate to improve the performance of manufacturing sector, among others.
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Chen, Hong, Shamal Chand, and Baljeet Singh. "IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT IN THE PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23 (March 20, 2020): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i0.1215.

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We examine the effect of remittances on private sector credit in the Pacific Islandcountries (PICs) using the data from 58 developing countries from 2004 to 2016. Theanalysis provides strong evidence that the effect of remittance inflows on privatesector credit for PICs is positive and higher than that for other developing countries.In addition, the per capita gross domestic product, official development assistance,the number of bank branches, and institutional quality are also positively associatedwith private sector credit in PICs, while the Consumer Price Index is negativelyassociated with private sector credit. These results have important implications for thedevelopment of financial sector in PICs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

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Mukuka, Fortune Malama. "Macro-economic determinants of domestic private sector credit in sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30579.

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Credit, to the private sector, is a critical component in driving growth and development the world over. In Africa, the level of credit advanced to the private sector as a percentage of GDP seems to have lagged other more developed regions at 46% of GDP in 2015, in comparison to 120% of global GDP. This study seeks to examine the macro-economic determinants of private sector credit growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The study focuses on independent variables GDP growth (GDP), money supply (M2), inflation (CPI) and interest rates (INTR). Using a panel data approach, twelve sub-Saharan countries are analysed with data observed over a thirty-six-year period, from 1980 to 2015. The size of the panel of countries was determined by the availability of data points on all variables that enabled a balanced panel. Both the random effects and the fixed effects estimation techniques are computed with the random effects method being more significant in the regression analysis, exploring the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The key findings of the study are that money supply is a significant determinant of private sector credit growth in sub-Saharan Africa showing a positive correlation coefficient. A percentage increase in M2 results in an increase of 0.9% in credit to the private sector. Inflation, on the other hand, dampens the growth in credit to the private sector with a significant negative correlation: a percentage increase results in a reduction of 0.06% in credit to the private sector. GDP growth was statistically insignificant in determining private sector credit growth, with recessionary periods experienced by the sample countries yielding a marginal negative correlation coefficient. Interest rates were also statistically insignificant with a negative correlation to private sector credit showing that credit growth was driven by the underlying need, rather than the cost of credit, in sub-Saharan Africa. It is recommended that policy makers and African governments formulate macro-economic policy that delicately balances the need to drive growth in required money supply, while at the same time maintaining stability in the rate of inflation and related variables. It is also recommended that Financial institutions implement strategies that prioritise mobilisation of loanable funds over interest rate margins. Private sector players are encouraged to focus on promoting investment-led credit consumption in key sectors of the African economy.
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Dlamini, Samuel Nkosinathi. "Bank credit extension to the private sector and inflation in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002693.

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This study investigates the contribution of bank credit extension to the private sector to inflation in South Africa, covering the period 1970:1-2006:4. The long-run impact of bank credit on inflation is investigated by means of the Johansen co integration model. The short-run ynamics of the inflation is subsequently modelled by means of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Using the Johansen methodology, the study identifies two co integrating equations linking inflation and its eterminants. The results suggest that the long-run relationship between inflation and bank credit to the private sector is negative and statistically significant at 10% level. The determinants that are significant at 5% level are: money supply, real gross domestic product, the money market rate, rand/dollar exchange rate and imports. The results are consistent with previous findings. The speed of adjustment in response to deviation from the equilibrium path was found to be negative at 10.56% per quarter, which is consistent with findings by Ohnsorge and Oomes (2003) for Russia. Both the signs and the magnitude of the coefficients suggest that the co integrating vector describes a long-run inflation equation. The impulse response functions confirm the theoretical expectations except for the import prices. The most persistent and significant shocks observed are on impulse response functions of money supply and bank credit to the private sector. The variance decomposition results also suggest that inflation responds quicker to innovations from money supply and the money market rate. The overall results provide evidence that the surge in inflation is associated with an increase in money supply as well as the instability in exchange rate. The effects of exchange rate fluctuation on inflation are reflected through changes in import prices. Based on the results we conclude that an increase in bank credit during the period 1970:1-2006:4 had a negative mpact on inflation in South Africa.
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Geremias, Rosa Helena Lutete. "O crescimento do sector bancário e a concessão de crédito às empresas : o caso de Angola." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11601.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
A investigação teórica tem demonstrado que um sistema financeiro sólido e eficaz é fundamental para o desenvolvimento e crescimento económico (Beck, 2002). Assim, compreender o papel do sector bancário no sistema financeiro é uma das questões fundamentais da teoria económica e financeira. Este estudo tem os seguintes objetivos: compreender o funcionamento do sector bancário angolano; analisar a evolução do crédito concedido pela banca comercial e, demonstrar a contribuição do sector bancário angolano no processo de crescimento económico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na análise de dados anuais provenientes do boletim estatístico do BNA, durante o período 2003-Junho 2013. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o sector bancário angolano apresenta uma situação de estabilidade financeira, sendo o aumento da procura interna pelos serviços bancários e a situação macroeconómica do país, considerados como fatores impulsionadores do seu crescimento. Verificou-se ainda que o PIB e o crédito por sectores de atividade económica têm uma forte correlação em dois sectores: Pescas e Indústria transformadora. Concludentemente, considera-se que este estudo representa um contributo para melhor entender o papel do sector bancário angolano no processo de crescimento económico.
The theoretical research has shown that a strong and effective financial system is critical to the development and economic growth (Beck, 2002). Thus, understanding the role of the banking sector in the financial system is one of the fundamental issues of economic and financial theory. This study has the following objectives: understanding the functioning of the Angolan banking sector; analyze the evolution of credit extended by commercial banks, and demonstrate the contribution of the Angolan banking sector in the economic growth process. The survey was developed based on the analysis of data from the annual statistical bulletin from BNA, during the Period (2003- Jun 2013). The results showed that the Angolan banking sector presents a situation of financial stability, and the rising domestic demand for banking services and the macroeconomic situation of the country, considered as drivers of growth factors. It was also found that GDP and credit by economic activity have a strong correlation in two sectors: Fisheries and Manufacturing. Conclusively, it is considered that this study represents a contribution to better understand the role of the Angolan banking sector in the economic growth process.
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Garach, Jatin Bijay. "The Firm-Specific Determinants of Capital Structure in Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31673.

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The banking industry in India has undergone many phases in its history; evolving from a regulated, decentralised system in the early 1800’s, to a regulated, centralised system during British rule, to a nationalised system following India’s independence, and finally a combination of a nationalised and private system adopting global standards as it currently stands. This study has two main aims. Firstly, it will assess the relationship between the firm-specific determinants of capital structure, based on the prevailing literature, and the capital structure of public and private sector banks in India. Secondly, it will determine whether there is a difference in the firm-specific factors that contribute to the determination of the capital structure of public sector banks and private sector banks. This study adopts quantitative methods, similar to previous studies on the relationship between capital structure and its firm-specific determinants. The dependent variable, being total leverage, is regressed against multiple independent variables, being profitability, growth, firm size and credit risk (hereinafter referred to as “risk” unless otherwise indicated) in a multivariate linear regression model. This study adds to the current literature by applying the same firm-specific independent variables to the case of private and public sector banks and then to evaluate and compare the similarities and differences between the regression outputs. The results show that for private sector banks, all independent variables are statistically significant in explaining total leverage, where all the independent variables conform to the current literature on capital structure – profitability (-), firm size (-), growth (+) and credit risk (-). Conversely, for public sector banks, all independent variables were considered to be statistically significant, except for credit risk – profitability (-), firm size (+) and growth (+). These results imply that credit risk is not an important determination in a nationalised banks’ capital structure; thus, providing evidence for the moral hazard theory of public sector banks.
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Kwablah, Andrews. "Financial Crowding Out of Ghanaian Private Sector Corporations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4932.

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The government of Ghana borrows from both domestic and foreign sources to finance the budget deficit. By the year 2013, the domestic debt was 55% of the public debt. Government domestic borrowing is competitive and can potentially crowd out the private corporate sector. Therefore, the specific research problem addressed in this study was whether the Ghanaian government's domestic debt (DEBT) caused financial crowding out (FCO) in Ghana. FCO theory is not conclusive and not proven specifically for Ghana, so the purpose of this research was to investigate its presence in Ghana. The neoclassical theory of FCO underpinned the research. The 2 research questions investigated FCO along the quantity and cost channels. The research examined the relationship between DEBT as the independent variable, the quantity of private sector credit (PSCREDIT), and the net interest margin (NIM) of banks as dependent variables. Covariates were macroeconomic and banking industry variables. The research population was the banking sector of the financial services industry. The research was correlational, and it used time series data from the Bank of Ghana and the World Bank. Data analysis used the autoregressive distributed lag method. The analysis returned a negative relationship between DEBT and PSCREDIT, and a positve relationship between NIM and DEBT. These results indicated the presence of FCO along both the quantity and cost channels. The research provides policymakers a means of quantifying the extent and effects of fiscal policies. The study may contribute to positive social change by promoting the revision of fiscal policies to favor the private corporate sector to invest, create jobs, and grow the Ghanaian economy.
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Hakwaashika, Rauna N. "Investigating the relationship between private sector credit extension and economic growth: A case study of Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30369.

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Financial development, especially through the mechanism of private sector credit lines, has an important role to play in an economy’s growth. As such, economies with better financial institutions for lending and borrowing funds have the potential to grow faster. This is so because better financial systems alleviate external financing constraints that may hinder business growth and expansion. In light of this, the study investigated the relationship between private sector credit extension and economic growth in Namibia. Using quarterly data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and other variables covering the years from 2005 to 2017. The study employed co-integration and error correction procedures. From the results the study concluded that there is an existence of a positive relationship between private sector credit extension (PSCE) and economic growth. Our findings are consistent with theoretical propositions. The causality test indicated a unidirectional relationship running from PSCE to GDP entailing that the extension of credit to the private sector would enhance GDP growth and not vice versa. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the policy makers focus on long term economic growth policies, develop the financial sector, promote the development of efficient financial markets and infrastructure in order to increase the private sector credit lines which are instrumental in long term growth.
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Breitschopf, Barbara. "Rural financial markets under transformation a study on credit supply and demand in Romania's private farm sector /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10633969.

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Lukwesa, Herman. "A comparative analysis of government farm input support programmes and private sector credit programmes in promoting agricultural growth in Zambia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45876.

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This study assesses the impact on agricultural productivity of the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP) as well as the impact of credit provided to small-scale farmers by commercial banks. It compares the two strategies by government (i.e. FISP which is a government subsidy programme and government grants to commercial banks for on-ward lending to small-scale farmers). This is to determine which policy intervention is promoting agricultural growth among the targeted farmers. The study hypothesises that subsidies through FISP and credit from private lending institutions allow farmers to have access to production inputs and reduces production costs. This enables farmers to maximise output leading to an increase in productivity and growth. This study was done by conducting a survey and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) criterion are the methods used and the tool for analysis was the Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS). Simple random multistage stratified purposive sampling was used in selecting household respondents. Multistage in the sense that the farm settlements were not defined in a particular pattern with house numbers. Stratified purposive sampling in the sense that farmers had to be separated according to the kind of institution they benefited from. The sample size for the study was 140 individual household for small-scale farmers. Major findings of the study showed that loan beneficiary farmers were investing more in productive assets compared to FISP beneficiary farmers. They had even showed elements of diversification as they were investing more in small livestock such as chickens, goats and pigs unlike the FISP beneficiaries. They had also spent a total of Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) 48, 100 compared to ZMW 28, 462 spent by FISP beneficiaries on productive assets. In terms of investments for assets used in the home, we concluded that both groups had a similar lifestyle but FISP farmers had a higher standard of living compared to loan beneficiary farmers as they had spent 10.6% more in terms of expenditure. The field plots under cultivation were grouped into three categories, i.e. farmers who cultivated plots below 2.5 hectares, 2.6 hectares to 5.0 hectares and above 5.1 hectares to assess which category of farmers was showing growth in terms of land under cultivation. For the 11% FISP beneficiaries who had graduated from the below 2.5 hectares of land being ploughed to the middle bracket, only 1% of the farmers managed to sustain their increase in ploughed land. There were no farmers who managed to plough above 5.1 hectares of land under the FISP category. As for the loan beneficiary group, we see movement in all three categories indicating growth in terms of productivity. We noticed that from the 4% farmers who managed to graduate from the below 2.5 hectares category to the 2.6 hectares to 5.0 hectares category, a further 3% of the beneficiaries managed to graduate to the above 5.1 hectares of area ploughed. We determined variability in output by examining its relationship with independent variables such as educational level attained, fertiliser quantity used, maize seed quantity used and access to assets (oxen) ceteris paribus. Only fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use were found to be statistically significant with p-values below 5% and 10% significant levels respectively in both cases. A 1 kilogram (kg) increase in fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use would result in a 0.69% and 0.26% increase respectively in the quantity of 50 kg bags harvested for FISP beneficiary farmers. A 1 kg increase in fertiliser and hybrid maize seed use would result in a 0.83% and 0.11% increase in the quantity of 50 kg bags of maize harvested by the loan beneficiary farmers. Comparing the two beneficiary groups in terms of productivity and income earned through the sale of maize on the market, the loan beneficiary group was found to be doing far much better compared to the FISP group. In the 2009/10 farming season, the loan group sold a total of 6754 bags of maize compared to 3428 bags sold by the FISP group. In the 2010/11 farming season, the loan group sold 7769 bags as opposed to the 4606 bags sold by the FISP group while in the 2011/12 farming season, the loan group sold a total of 9151 bags of maize on both markets compared to 4822 bags of maize that was sold by the FISP group. Though it may be difficult to distinguish the real effects of both the FISP and loan programme on its beneficiaries due to lack of baseline information based on regression results alone, and claim that it has made either group better than the other, it is clear that the fertiliser support policy is working better for loan beneficiaries when compared to FISP beneficiaries. This gives them an edge in income over FISP beneficiaries and graduates them into higher brackets of productivity and asset possession leading to higher yields, more income and increased growth in agricultural productivity in general. It is recommended that educational level attained should be one of the major criteria for farmer selection when introducing new advanced technologies to increase productivity. The other recommendation is that, to invest in improved ploughing methods such as use of oxen, the area under cultivation should not be less than 2.5 hectares. It is also recommended that government should increase service delivery in an efficient manner as it has positive externalities on farmers dealing with the private sector as well other than just those targeted farmers they are servicing under the FISP programme.
Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MScAgric
Unrestricted
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Pinheiro, Daniel Nobre Martins. "Credit to the private sector and financial crisis: survey of the literature and evidences from the 2015-16 Brazilian crisis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24917.

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O presente trabalho analisa a influência do crédito ao setor privado no ciclo de crédito experimentado pela economia brasileira entre 2003 e 2017. A motivação advém das mais recentes contribuições teóricas e empíricas publicadas após a crise financeira global sobre o papel dos aceleradores financeiros e mecanismos de transmissão em gerar fragilidades financeiras de caráter sistêmico. Conclusões em Adrian e Shin (2010) serão o ponto de partida, onde fatores que impactam o capital de intermediários financeiros operam como importantes canais de propagação de choques. A forte expansão do setor financeiro naquele período, junto a um crescimento sem precedentes do endividamento do setor privado, provém um cenário propício para testar este insight. Um modelo de Vetor de Correção de Erros (VECM) será estimado para identificar tendências comuns entre variáveis reais e financeiras, assim como identificar impactos decorrentes de choques e causalidade entre variáveis associadas a crédito, alavancagem, atividade, colaterais e oferta de fundos. Desta forma, a pesquisa espera contribuir à compressão daquele episódio, assim preenchendo um vácuo no debate polarizado entre aqueles que vêm o país como vítima de condições internacionais adversas, e outros que responsabilizam uma longa história de políticas econômicas equivocadas pela crise.
This monograph evaluates the role played by the credit to the private sector on the boom-bust cycle experienced by the Brazilian economy between 2003-2017. The study is motivated by recent theoretical and empirical contributions arriving after the Global Financial Crisis on the role played by financial accelerators and transmission channels in driving systemic financial fragility. It departs from a key insight from Adrian and Shin (2010) where factors affecting the equity base of financial intermediaries operate as a powerful transmission channel for shocks. The strong expansion of the financial activities during the period, coupled with the unprecedent growth of debt and leverage of the non-financial private sector, provide a promising scenario to test that insight. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) will be applied to identify common trends on financial and real variables to help to identify effects from shocks and causalities comprising variables related to debt, leverage, activity, collaterals, and funds supply. Thus, it aims at shedding new lights on the comprehension of that episode, so filling a gap on this debate polarized between those who see Brazil as a victim of a stressed global economy, and others who blame a long account of derailing economic policies in driving this fate.
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Sogut, Erzen. "The Determinants Of Financial Development And Private Sector Credits: Evidence From Panel Data." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610098/index.pdf.

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This study investigates the determinants of financial development and private sector credits for a panel of 85 developing and industrial countries using annual data from 1980 to 2006. The results from the panel cross-sectional fixed effects procedure suggest that an increase in the public sector credits and central government debt leads to a decrease in private sector credits in low income and lower middle income counties. For this group of countries, public sector credits, albeit leading to a financial crowding out, are found to be enhancing financial development. For the upper middle income and high income countries, private sector credits are found to increase with public sector credits and financial development and decrease with central government debt. Financial development is affected adversely from inflation and positively from real GDP and public sector credits in high income countries. In upper middle income countries both real GDP and credits to public sector affect financial development positively. In low income countries, on the other hand, public sector credits and inflation are correlated positively with financial development.
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Books on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

1

Aryeetey, Ernest. Informal finance for private sector development in Africa. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: African Development Bank Group, 1998.

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Haas, R. T. A. de. Foreign bank penetration and private sector credit in Central and Eastern Europe. Amsterdam: De Nederlandsche Bank, 2002.

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Ramírez, Carlos D. Singapore, Inc. versus the private sector: Are government-linked companies different? Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2003.

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Hofmann, Boris. The determinants of private sector credit in industrialised countries: Do property prices matter? Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Dept., 2001.

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Gera, Surendra. Creating jobs in the private sector: Evidence from the Canadian employment tax credit program. Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1988.

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Rahman, Sarker Md Maksudur. Credit management of commercial banks: A comparative study of public and private sector banks. Dhaka: Bureau of Business Research, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, 1996.

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Affairs, United States Congress Senate Committee on Governmental. Financial oversight of Enron: The SEC and private-sector watchdogs : report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Cottarelli, Carlo. Early birds, late risers, and sleeping beauties: Bank credit growth to the private sector in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, European Department, 2003.

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Ahmed, Iftekhar Uddin. Credit management in commercial banks: A comparative study of public and private sectors in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Pallab Publishers, 1994.

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Commission, Malawi Law. The impact of insolvency law on corporate performance and private sector development: [towards modern insolvency system in Malawi]. Lilongwe, Malawi: Malawi Law Commission, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

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Martinez-Carrascal, Carmen. "The Growth of Private Sector Debt in Spain: Causes and Consequences." In Rapid Credit Growth in Central and Eastern Europe, 312–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001542_19.

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Naidu, Suwastika, and Yashnita Naicker. "Financial Inclusion Policies and Supply of Domestic Credit to Private Sector." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4010-1.

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Égert, Balázs, Peter Backé, and Tina Zumer. "Private-Sector Credit in Central and Eastern Europe: New (Over) Shooting Stars?" In Global Banking Crises and Emerging Markets, 98–129. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56905-9_6.

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Massaro, Riccardo. "Private Sector Debt Matters Too: Theoretical Perspectives on Credit and the Building of Financial Accounts." In The Financial Systems of Industrial Countries, 51–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23111-7_3.

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Michaelson, Rosa. "Is Agile the Answer? The Case of UK Universal Credit." In Grand Successes and Failures in IT. Public and Private Sectors, 295–309. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38862-0_18.

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Klissouras, Constantinos N. "Post-Crisis Corporate Insolvency and Creditor Rights Greece: An Assessment of the Post-Crisis Corporate Insolvency Framework." In Non-Performing Loans and Resolving Private Sector Insolvency, 395–429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50313-4_16.

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Michoud, Bruno, and Manfred Hafner. "Risk Mitigation Instruments Targeting Specific Investment Risks." In Financing Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa, 119–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75829-5_7.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on instruments aimed at mitigating specific investment risks, including political, credit, currency and liquidity risks. It explores solutions emanating from both the public and private sectors.
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Stellinga, Bart, Josta de Hoog, Arthur van Riel, and Casper de Vries. "Conclusions and Recommendations." In Research for Policy, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70250-2_8.

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AbstractIn this final chapter we discuss the book’s key findings. We first recap the operations of our current system and the problems it presents. We then discuss how the alternative of sovereign money would work and whether switching systems would be desirable. Finally, we consider what steps can be taken to address the major problems posed by the current system. We recommend restoring the balanced growth of credit and debt, and striking a better balance between public and private interests. This entails fostering greater diversity in the financial sector, curbing the excessive growth of debt, being prepared for the next crisis, and anchoring the public dimension of the banking system.
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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_127-1.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This paper reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2565–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_127.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This chapter reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Conference papers on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

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Manga, Müge, Mehmet Akif Destek, Muammer Tekeoğlu, and Erkut Düzakın. "The Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01689.

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The relationship between financial development and economic growth and the direction of causality between them have been received a lot of attention recently by many scholars. It is also important to analyze this relationship and the direction of causality due to implications of policies. In this study the relationship between financial development, trade liberalization and economic growth for Turkey are examined using three different models. Model 1, 2 and 3 investigate the effect of domestic loans to the private sector and trade liberalization on GDP, the impact of the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector and trade liberalization on GDP and the effect of M2 money supply and M2 trade liberalization on GDP, respectively. Data extracted from World Development Indicators. Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Test (ARDL) is used as a co-integration test to determine the long run relationship between variables. In addition, Toda and Yamamoto (1995) is utilized to test the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth according to the three financial indicators such as domestic loans to the private sector, the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector and M2 money supply. According to the results there is a unidirectional relationship from economic growth to domestic loans to the private sector and the domestic credit provided by banks to the private sector. Additionally, the results indicate that a bidirectional relationship exist between M2 money supply and economic growth.
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Altunöz, Utku. "Analysing the Relationships between Financial Development and Income Inequality in Turkey as a Parallel of Kuznet Curve." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01179.

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Analysing the relationship between development and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) is one of the most important issue for economics. Kuznet claims that mentioned relationships between developing and GDP resemble as upside down U. In this paper, GINI, GDP, credit and trade variables were analysed by using ARDL bounding test for the period covering by 1991-2014. Obtained results of econometric model shows that credit in private sector, GDP per capita and trade variables play an important role to be eliminated of income inequality. Effect of trade variable is less compare with other variables. For Turkish Economy, 1% increase in private credits causes to a 0,044 % fall in income inequality for the estimated period. Alike, 1% increase in income causes to a 0.055 % fall in income inequality.
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Yılmaz, Naci, and Bora Selçuk. "Finance Sector In the Eurasia Economies During and After 2008 Global Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00188.

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As in the other countries around the world, banking systems in Eurasia economies, comprised of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, were adversely affected by the 2008 global crisis; A common challenge across most economies is to revive private-sector credit growth. Compared with the high increases of 80 percent in the period immediately prior to the crisis, credit growth has slowed sharply and even turned negative in real terms in a number of economies. Governments in many countries have taken measures to address banking sector stress. The measures for restoring credit growth and thus a high economic growth will be discussed in a part of our work. In the short run, such measures include aiding banks to repair balance sheets and also providing liquidity. In the medium term, measures should promote de-dollarization and the development of local debt markets.
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Obeng-Amponsah, William, Zehou Sun, Hazimi Bimaruci Hazrati Havidz, and Elias Augustine Dey. "Determinants of Domestic Credit to the Private Sector in Ghana: Application of Vector Auto-Regressive Method." In Proceedings of The First International Symposium on Management and Social Sciences (ISMSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ismss-19.2019.28.

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Aseinov, Dastan. "Factors Affecting Cost Efficiency in the Banking Sector of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01907.

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Instabilities in the banking sector have had an adverse effect on the economy as a whole, since the largest share in the financial system and financial intermediation in Kyrgyzstan have been captured by banking sector. Economic efficiency in banking can be viewed as a source of financial stability of banking system. Economic efficiency of the banking is more important challenge not only for shareholders and managers of banks, and also for regulation and supervision authorities, and public and potential investors. The aim of this study is to examine factors affecting the banking cost efficiency for Kyrgyz banks. It is also important to choose the appropriate approach in measurement of banking cost efficiency, since there are many different methods. In this study preferred stochastic frontier approach which assumes random error term which captures sampling, measurement and specification errors. We adopted stochastic cost frontier model proposed by Battese ve Coelli (1995) which also allow to examine investigate the impact of variables on efficiency. We used unbalanced panel data set captured 17-23 Kyrgyz commercial banks for period of 2000-2013. Obtained results suggest that capitalization, foreign ownership, credit risk, liquidity risk and currency risk have most influence on cost efficiency scores of banks calculated averagely at level of 0,766. Overall results indicate that domestic banks more cost efficient than domestic private and foreign banks. Average cost efficiency scores of domestic banks, foreign and separately public banks are 0,848; 0,649 and 0,875, respectively.
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Myasnikov, Aleksandr, Anna Orlova, and Gennady Kryksin. "Study of the Interrelation between the Dynamics of Wages in the Public and Private Economy Sectors." In 8th International Conference on Contemporary Problems in the Development of Economic, Financial and Credit Systems (DEFCS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201215.009.

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Lau, Hon Chung. "The Color of Energy: The Competition to be the Energy of the Future." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21348-ms.

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Abstract Energies may be described as brown, blue or green. Brown energies are CO2-emitting fossil fuels. Blue energies employ carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to remove the emitted CO2 from brown energies. Green energies are zero or low CO2-emitting renewable energies. Likewise, energy carriers such as electricity and hydrogen may be described as brown, blue or green if they are produced from brown, blue or green energy, respectively. The transition from a high carbon intensity to a low carbon intensity economy will require the decarbonization of three major sectors: power, transport and industry. By analyzing the CO2 intensity and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of energy and energy carriers of different colors, we show that renewable energies are best used in replacing fossil fuels in the power sector where it has the most impact in reducing CO2 emission. This will consume the majority of new additions to renewable energies in the near to medium future. Consequently, the decarbonation of the transport and industry sectors must begin with the use of blue electricity, blue fossil fuels and blue hydrogen. To achieve this, implementation of large-scale CCS projects will be necessary, especially outside of USA and northern Europe. However, this will not happen until significant financial incentives in the form of carbon tax or carbon credit becomes available from national governments. Furthermore, private-public partnership and intergovernmental cooperation will be needed to implement these CCS projects.
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Subramanian, Lalitha Muthu, Guruprasad Eswaraiah, and Roopa Vishwanathan. "Private and Secure Mixing in Credit Networks." In IECC ' 19: 2019 International Electronics Communication Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343147.3343171.

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Long, Jianwei, Chi Zhang, Chenyu Li, Lingbo Wei, Qibin Sun, and Xia Zhang. "Private and Fast Routing in Credit Networks." In 2020 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nana51271.2020.00009.

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Clement, Andrew, Joseph Ferenbok, Roxanna Dehghan, Laura Kaminker, and Simeon Kanev. "Private sector video surveillance in Toronto." In the 2012 iConference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2132176.2132222.

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Reports on the topic "Credit to the private sector"

1

Mendelsohn, Michael, Marley Urdanick, and John Joshi. Credit Enhancements and Capital Markets to Fund Solar Deployment: Leveraging Public Funds to Open Private Sector Investment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172934.

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Hale, Thomas, Andreas Klasen, Norman Ebner, Bianca Krämer, and Anastasia Kantzelis. Towards Net Zero export credit: current approaches and next steps. Blavatnik School of Government, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2021/042.

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As the world economy rapidly decarbonises to meet global climate goals, the export credit sector must keep pace. Countries representing over two-thirds of global GDP have now set net zero targets, as have hundreds of private financial institutions. Public and private initiatives are now working to develop new standards and methodologies for shifting investment portfolios to decarbonisation pathways based on science. However, export credit agencies (ECAs) are only at the beginning stages of this seismic transformation. On the one hand, the net zero transition creates risks to existing business models and clients for the many ECAs, while on the other, it creates a significant opportunity for ECAs to refocus their support to help countries and trade partners meet their climate targets. ECAs can best take advantage of this transition, and minimise its risks, by setting net zero targets and adopting credible plans to decarbonise their portfolios. Collaboration across the sector can be a powerful tool for advancing this goal.
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Djankov, Simeon, Caralee McLiesh, and Andrei Shleifer. Private Credit in 129 Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11078.

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Cohen, Joel A. Use of Private Sector Temporaries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada296090.

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Bartell, Frederick, Carrie Lacy, Melissa Moraczewski, Tanya Nodlinski, Sarah Norris, Kate Prasse, Ashley Thomalla, and Katherine Zielinski. Collaborating with the Private Sector. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada513209.

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Cecchetti, Stephen, and Craig Hakkio. Inflation targeting and private sector forecasts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15424.

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Dew, Nicholas, and Bryan Hudgens. The Evolving Private Military Sector: A Survey. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494234.

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Cribb, Jonathan, and Luke Sibieta. Mobility of public and private sector workers. Institute for Fiscal Studies, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2015.00173.

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Sukrishnalall, Pasha, Elton Bollers, and Mark D. Wenner. Constraints Affecting Guyana's Private Sector: Survey Results. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001097.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Private-sector investment in African agricultural research. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292123_07.

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