Journal articles: 'Credit to the public sector'

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Nayan J., Nayan J., and Dr M. Kumaraswamy Dr. M. Kumaraswamy. "Retail Credit Risk Management in Indian Public Sector Banks." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 8 (June 15, 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/10.

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Tunay, K. Batu, Hasan F. Yuceyılmaz, and Ahmet Çilesiz. "An International Comparison on Excessive Credit Expansion, Credit Guarantee Programs and The Risks Arising." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no. 1 (2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2020.23.1.83.

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Crediting in the banking sector plays an important role in all developed and developing countries. For this reason, it is monitored continuously by public authorities and measures are taken to control credit supply in economic growth periods. On the other hand, in an economic slowdown, when banks are reluctant to increase their credit portfolio, public credit guarantee programs are put into use to increase the credit supply. In this study, a sample covering 26 advanced and emerging economies was analyzed, and the effects of credit gap, credit guarantees and economic growth on credits and arising credit risks were investigated. The findings show that both credits and non-performing loans, an important measure of credit risk, are affected by credit gap, credit guarantees, and economic growth. On the one hand, public credit guarantees positively affect economic growth. On the other hand, though they are widely used for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, our findings suggest that such expansive credit policies might negatively affect the riskiness of the credit portfolios and soundness of the banking sector.

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Innocent, Idachaba Odekina, Olukotun G. Ademola, and Elam Wunako Glory. "Influence of Bank Credits on the Nigerian Economy." American Economic & Social Review 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v5i1.240.

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The aim of this study is to examine the influence of bank credits on the Nigerian economy using time series data covering the period from 1980 to 2017.Gross domestic product was used as proxy for the economy while credits to the private sector, public sector and prime lending rate were used as proxies of Banks credits. Unit root test was used to test stationary which reveals that all the variables were stationary at first difference. The regression analysis result shows that credit to the private sector have positive effect on Nigerian economy while credit to public sector and prime lending rate have negative effect on the Nigerian economy. The result of co-integration test presented reveals that there exist among the variables co-integration which means long-run analysis. It is recommended that, policy makers should focus attention on long-run policies to promote economic growth such as development of modern banking sector, efficient financial market, infrastructures.

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Youssef, Amel Ben. "Migration Analysis of Credit Risk in Tunisian Banking Sector." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v2i1.91.

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In this paper, credit migration matrices are built to measuretransition probabilitiesat Tunisian credit institutions, allowing a comparison of credit risk quality shiftsfor public banks, private banks and leasing companies. We proposeto apply estimating Markov transition matrices using proportions data in order to be adapted to the scarcity of individual dataonloan quality transitions. We employ annual classification of assets issued in theregistration documents and annual financial reports during 2003-2014 period.It’s found from the analysis that the risk grade 2 has the greater tendancy to be downgraded than to be upgraded in public banks and in leasing companies.For the other risk grade 3, the upgradation in the category is higher than the downgradation in all cases. The resultsindicate that the public banks are the riskiest credit institution in Tunisia and there is a lack of rigor in loan classification inpublic and private banks. The findings are useful and critical for supervisory purposes and foroptimizing bank credit risk management.

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Pariser, David B. "Implementing Federal Credit Reform: Challenges Facing Public Sector Financial Managers." Public Budgeting & Finance 12, no. 4 (December 1992): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.00952.

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Abdou, Hussein A., and John Pointon. "Credit scoring and decision making in Egyptian public sector banks." International Journal of Managerial Finance 5, no. 4 (September 25, 2009): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17439130910987549.

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Waqar Azeem Naqvi, Syed M., Tahseen M. Khan, and Sayyid Salman Rizavi. "The Efficiency of Credit Portfolio Management in Pakistan’s Banking Sector." Lahore Journal of Business 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/ljb.2016.v4.i2.a3.

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This study highlights the differences in performance of commercial banks operating in Pakistan in the context of credit portfolio management. Specifically, we look at their credit allocation policies and outcomes in the shape of nonperforming loans (NPLs). We categorize a sample of 34 banks into four major groups: public, private, Islamic and foreign banks. The study tests several hypotheses related to the overall efficiency of banks’ credit portfolio management over time as well as the drivers of NPLs and priority sectors for lending across these four categories. The findings broadly suggest that public banks tend to suffer most from NPLs, whereas Islamic and foreign banks manage their portfolios more efficiently. NPLs are highest in the priority lending sectors across all types of banks, which underscores the inefficiency of managerial decision-making when managing credit portfolios. Over time, at an aggregate level, all four types of banks have become less efficient, as reflected by the increase in NPLs as a percentage of gross credit and assets.

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Oladimeji, Ebenezer O., Ebenezer Bowale, and Henry Okodua. "How Effective Is the Monetary Policy on the Real Sector in Nigeria?" Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 3, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p388.

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In the past few years, the real sector became an area of interest in scholarly and public intellectual discuss, towards a sustainable performance of the Nigerian economy. Successive governments also realized the need to diversify the economy from high dependence on oil into deepening the real sector, through monetary policy that allows more credit flow to the real sector. In a quest to reconcile the current state of the Nigerian real sector with the renewed efforts of the government and the monetary authority to revamp the sector, this study investigated the effectiveness of this process and reexamined the transmission channels, using a structural vector autoregressive econometric approach (SVAR). The results showed that the credit channel and asset price channel are the dominant monetary policy transmission channels to the real sector. However, there was a significant effect on the effectiveness of the transmission process, when credit risk was added to the model, as it revealed vital information about the behaviour of the banking system in response to monetary policy actions of the monetary authority, during the period of high credit risk/default risk. This study, therefore, recommends that monetary authorities should always consider the credit preference of the banking system and the order of transmission channels, before embarking on any monetary policy aimed at stimulating the real sector and other sectors of the economy.

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Strow, Brian, and Claudia Strow. "Institutional barriers to productive public-sector entrepreneurship." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 7, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-18-00040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship and explore the impact of those barriers on population shifts within the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper lays out five specific barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship: barriers to entry and exit for consumers and producers, increased centralization and concentration in government, the lack of residual claim amongst public-sector actors, the rise of public-sector union membership and increasingly uncompetitive elections. The paper then assesses the impact of each of these barriers on population and production changes within the USA from 2010 to 2017. Findings Those state governments with limited barriers for productive public-sector entrepreneurship are rewarded with faster growing populations. Specifically, states with higher incomes, less centralized spending, lower public-sector unionization rates and higher state credit ratings tend to experience the greatest levels of population growth. States with less centralized spending also experience the largest increases in gross state product per capita. Practical implications This paper offers practical applications for policy makers wishing to increase their tax bases, increase the standard of living for their constituents or increase the efficiency in production and distribution of government goods and services. In particular, this paper offers evidence that an improved credit rating carries the most economic significance for population gains. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine Tiebout effects from barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship in the USA. Researchers in fields including political science, economics, management and public policy have all contributed to our understanding of public entrepreneurship. And yet, there are still numerous barriers preventing productive public-sector entrepreneurship from occurring at an optimal level.

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Bell, Justine. "Marketing Academic Internships in the Public Sector." Public Personnel Management 23, no. 3 (September 1994): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609402300311.

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One option to alleviate public sector staff work is the introduction of energetic and creative apprentices as academic interns. Academic interns need not be compensated with monies not readily available from municipal budgets. Instead they can be compensated in other substantial ways. Academic interns receive credit toward completion of their degree requirements; valuable work experience, the chance to learn first hand the inner workings of public service. Additionally, they are afforded the opportunity to observe aspects of the public policy process. Recruitment of academic interns requires the establishment of a comprehensive contact-centered marketing plan. Moreover, recruiting and selecting interns should be an extension of what government is established to do — which is providing a service to the community.

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Kumari, Sheena. "Review of Credit Risk Management Strategies and Practices of Public and Private Sector Banks in Rajasthan." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 5609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020266.

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Mohan, M., and K. Someshwer Rao. "A study on operational performance of selected public and private sector banks in India." International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54121/2021/09/1494.

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The banks are prime intermediaries in mobilising the resources to various sectors of Indian economy. The flow of bank credit has a positive impact on the growth of the banking sector and contributes increasing the national income, employment and production. The present study analysing the operational performance of the public and private sector banks in India. The purpose of the study two public and private sectors banks SBI, PNB and HDFC, ICICI banks selected. The study period covers five years 2015 to 2019. The data analysis has been done using the ratio analysis, descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.

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Hendrawardhana, Christian, Henrycus Winarto, and Bambang Budiarto. "PERINGKAT KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIK INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR YANG TERCATAT PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN Z-SCORE ALTMAN MODEL PERIODE 2010-2012." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v18i2.1628.

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Indonesia is a country that includes emerging markets and focused on the manufacturing sector. In the manufacturing sector will require funds on production activities, and these funds can be obtained from the credit. Meanwhile in Indonesia, many credit activity conducted by commercial banks, which is closely linked to the credit of bad credit. Bad credit can occur due to 2 factors, factors debtor or creditor factors. The meaning of this factor is negligence bank creditors in the debtor's credit analysis. But for manufacturing companies go public, they can raise funds in addition to the credit of the fund shares, many people who say that companies going public is a healthy company because it has passed various tests. Seeing this, the researchers would like to examine the statement and credit analysis test using the Z-Score models Atlman on manufacturing companies going public in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that the Z-Score Atlman models can be used for credit analysis in determining whether or not a company bankrupt.

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Aimola, Akingbade Urungbodi, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The Dynamics of Public and Private Debt in Ghana." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2018-0018.

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Abstract This paper explores the dynamics of public and private debt in Ghana for the past 32 years. Ghana’s total public debt stock to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio has remained above the 60.0% sustainability threshold recommended by the West Africa Monetary Zone (WAMZ) since 2013. Implemented bank reforms in the country show an upward trend for domestic credit to private sector by banks as a percentage of GDP. Using exploratory review approach, the paper identified fiscal dominance, cost of borrowing, deterioration in export earnings, ineffective fiscal, monetary and debt management policies coordination as factors responsible for changes in total public debt stock. On the other hand, increased domestic borrowings by government from the banks, and Deposit Money Banks’ (DMBs)’ adverse selection in private sector credit allocation affect changes in domestic credit to the private sector by banks. Of these causes, fiscal dominance is the major determinant of public and private debt in Ghana. The study, therefore, recommends that government should pursue fiscal operations that are necessary to put public debt on a declining path. In addition, effective coordination of fiscal, monetary and debt management policies need to be strengthened together with the autonomy of the Bank of Ghana in the use of its monetary policy instruments.

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Kumar Panda, Santosh, Ganesh Prasad Panda, and Anil Kumar Swain. "DETERMINANTS OF PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING OF INDIAN PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i7.2017.2154.

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Compulsory sanctioning credit or priority sector lending (PSL) is part of the regulatory framework for commercial banks/ financial institutions in many countries, both developing and developed. However, compliance and lending effectiveness of such programs may be determined by a number of factors. This may be particularly so in developing countries, where availability of finance for the vulnerable sectors likes agriculture, small businesses, weaker sections, are scarce. The present paper aims at examining the patterns of priority sector lending by banks, with a view to identifying the factors which determine this lending The paper is based on an analysis of secondary data relating to priority sector lending (2006-07-2015-16) for the Public sector banks in India. The results indicate gaps in patterns of the sect oral target compliance by different bank groups, along with the lending preferences and challenges faced by banks in such lending. It also identifies bank-specific characteristics like the nature of ownership, size, performance, etc., which have a significant impact on the priority sector lending patterns. Based on its findings, the paper offers policy suggestions for improving the effectiveness of priority sector lending program.

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Javed, Sumbal, Muhammad Tariq, and Saima Urooge. "The Role of Public Spending and Credit Disbursement in the Agriculture Sector of Pakistan." Global Economics Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2017(ii-i).04.

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The current study explores the role of public spending and credit disbursement in the agricultural production of Pakistan during the period 2000 to 2016. In this study, Agriculture Production Growth (APG) is the dependent variable while real GDP, government expenditure, labor force participation and agricultural credit are the independent variables. The stationarity of the data has been investigated through the ADF test. Following this, hypotheses were tested through the ordinary least squares method. In addition, the robustness of the results is ascertained by conducting an LM test and CUSUM stability tests. The findings showed that government expenditure and agriculture credit put expansionary effects on agricultural production in Pakistan. It is suggested that the government should increase expenditures in the agriculture sector for the development of agricultural sector production and economic development of the country.

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Mortensen, Peter B. "Public sector reform and blame avoidance effects." Journal of Public Policy 33, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x13000032.

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AbstractBlame avoidance has often been claimed to be an important rationale behind changes in the organisation of the public sector, but very few studies have examined whether and how public attribution of responsibility is actually affected by such reforms. For instance, how do changes in the formal allocation of authority affect public attribution of blame when things go wrong? Is the effect immediate or delayed? To advance our understanding of such questions, this paper presents an analysis of blame and credit attribution in more than 1,200 newspaper articles about health-care-related issues in Norway before and after the major Norwegian hospital reform from 2002. The central empirical finding of the article is that central state-level authorities in Norway were attributed less blame in media coverage of health-care problems after the reform than before the reform. The shift is delayed, but substantial and robust to various modifications in model estimations.

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Akber, Nusrat, Megha Gupta, and Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh. "The Crowding-in/ out Debate in Investments in India: Fresh Evidence from NARDL Application." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 9, no. 2 (August 23, 2020): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978720942676.

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The purpose of the study is to re-examine the issue of the crowding-in/out effect of public investment on private investment by adopting an improved methodology of the ‘nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag’ (NARDL) model. Taking data from 1970 to 2016, the study finds that public investment crowds-in private investment both in the long-run as well as the short-run. However, the short-run elasticity is statistically more significant and larger in magnitude than the long-run elasticity. It has also been found that macroeconomic uncertainty significantly affects private investment both in the long-run and the short-run. Among other determinants of private investment, we observe foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, credit flow to the private sector, household savings, real rate of interest and expected output affect private investment significantly. The policy implication of the study calls for the designing of public sector policies that enthuse more private investments. More credit flow to private sectors and FDI in different sectors of the economy should be prioritized. JEL Codes: E22, H54, C32

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Gupta, Poonam, Kalpana Kochhar, and Sanjaya Panth. "Bank ownership and the effects of financial liberalization: evidence from India." Indian Growth and Development Review 8, no. 1 (April 13, 2015): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-08-2014-0028.

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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze, using the bank-level data for India from 1991-2007, the effect of financial sector liberalization on the availability of credit to the private sector. The authors specifically ask whether public and private banks deployed resources freed up by reduced state preemption to increase credit to the private sector. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use bank-level data for India from 1991-2007 and difference in difference estimates to analyze how state ownership of banks affected the allocation of credit to the private sector post liberalization, and additionally how the size of fiscal deficit affected this allocation. Findings – The authors find that post liberalization, public banks continued to allocate a larger share of their assets to government securities, or held more cash, than private banks. Crucially, public banks allocated more resources to hold government securities when fiscal deficit was high. The authors rule out profit maximization, need to hold safer assets or the lack of demand for private credit as the possible reasons for the preference of the public banks to hold government securities. The authors suggest that moral suasion or “laziness” is consistent with this behavior. Originality/value – Our findings suggest that in developing countries, with fewer alternative channels of financing, government ownership of banks, combined with high fiscal deficit, may limit the gains from financial liberalization.

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Hubbs, Todd, and Todd Kuethe. "A disequilibrium evaluation of public intervention in agricultural credit markets." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-04-2016-0032.

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Purpose Agricultural producers rely on debt capital to support many functions of their enterprise, yet private credit markets are frequently characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand. As a result, a number of public lending programs exist to mitigate the perceived market failures of private credit markets that serve agricultural producers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a structural disequilibrium model to examine the potential for excess demand or supply in the private market for non-real estate farm loans between 1978 and 2014. Findings The model demonstrates that the market is frequently characterized by disequilibrium, fluctuating between periods of excess demand and excess supply. These disequilibrium periods motivate the discussion of public intervention as a policy proposal within the agricultural sector. Originality/value This study uses traditional disequilibrium modeling to evaluate the private credit market for agriculture lending in a manner that has not been attempted previously in the literature. The model uses maximum likelihood methods with non-linear solution algorithms to investigate excess supply and demand in the sector.

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Singh, Harendra, and Prof (Dr ). Anil Vashisht. "Credit Risk management in Banking Sector: A comparison of Non-Performing Assets of Public sector and Private sector Bank." International Journal of Research in Advent Technology 7, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32622/ijrat.752019311.

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Kumar, Sanjeev, and Provinder Kumar. "Agricultural Credit in India: A Study of Public and Private Sector Banks." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 6 (November 25, 2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v3i6p116.

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Noreen, Ammara, Rabia Asif, Sabahat Nisar, and Noman Qayyum. "Model Building and Forecasting of Bank Credit to Public and Private Sector." Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance 5, no. 4 (November 2017): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2017.050401.

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Abdou, Hussein A. "Genetic programming for credit scoring: The case of Egyptian public sector banks." Expert Systems with Applications 36, no. 9 (November 2009): 11402–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.01.076.

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Naveenan, R. V., B. Ravi Kumar, and B. Vijaya Lakshmi. "Non Performing Assets in Public Sector Banks: A Cause Analysis." American Finance & Banking Review 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v2i2.133.

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Lending Funds is considered as the primary function of primary function which provides financial support to various sectors such as agriculture, industry, personal loans etc., but in recent times the banks as taken a cautious stand in lending. The main reason for such an initiative is the mounting issues of non-performing assets (NPAs).A loan asset is considered as non-performing asset when it ceases to generate income for the bank. From 31st March, 2004 NPA was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest or installation of principal has remained past due for a specified period of time which was four quarters. NPA in public sector banks is increasing year after year and thus this is becoming a debatable topic. So considering this anglete paper is undertaken to analyze the reasons for advances becoming NPA in Public sector banks and intends to give suitable suggestions to overcome NPA.

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Riyazahmed, K., and Gunja Baranwal. "DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT RISK." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 6, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v6i1.1005.

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This study aims to empirically examine the impact of managerial effectiveness on the credit risk of the Indian public and private sector banks. We consider the return on assets as a proxy for managerial effectiveness and gross non-performing assets (GNPA) to total advances as a proxy for credit risk. The study uses fixed effects and dynamic panel data models to examine the impact. The econometric model estimations suggest a negative impact of return on assets on credit risk. Further, we analyze the impact of return on assets by the information of microeconomic and macro-economic variables in dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM) approach. The results remain the same after using dynamic GMM modelled with lagged credit risk and lagged return on assets. Further, the effect of macroeconomic variables such as repo rate and reverse repo rate confirms the theory. Heterogeneity checks at regions and sector levels substantiate the robustness of results. JEL Classification Codes: G20, G21.

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Akram, Naeem. "Do Financial Sector Activities Affect Tax Revenue in Pakistan?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2016.v21.i2.a6.

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By mobilizing savings, financial markets play a crucial role in economic development. Given that the literature does not fully explore the nexus between financial activities and tax revenue, this study attempts to analyze the role of financial markets in generating tax revenue in Pakistan, using time series data for the period 1975–2014. It finds that, in the long run, the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a positive and significant impact on tax revenue. While credit to the private sector has a bidirectional relationship with tax revenue, public sector credit has an insignificant impact. In the short run, only the number of bank branches and market capitalization have a significant impact on tax revenue.

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Celestin, N'GORAN Koffi. "Financial Credit in Agricultural Development in Côte D'ivoire." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.18984.

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Agriculture has long been Côte d’Ivoire’s main source of export income and the first largest sector providing employment. For several decades, Ivorian agriculture remained unmodernized. The modernization of agriculture requires both public and private funding. Despite some efforts, financing of agriculture is not effective in Côte d'Ivoire due to the lack of real commitment from the private sector and commercial banks. The results showed that in the long-term agricultural credit and other variables have a positive and significant influence on agricultural added value. It is therefore recommended to increase agricultural credit and extend it to small producers.

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Chebet, Sarah, and Peter W. Muriu. "Factors Influencing The Demand For Credit By The Private Sector In Kenya." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 16 (June 28, 2016): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n16p390.

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This study investigates the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the Demand for credit by the private sector in Kenya. The study used annual time series data for the period 1980-2012. Data was obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, World Development Indicators and supplemented by Central Bank of Kenya. Using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) methodology, the study established that; Public investment, Short term interest rate, Long term interest rate, Employment and Domestic debt have a positive effect on demand for credit by the private sector, while per capita GDP and Exchange rate have a negative effect. The policy implication of these results is that providing sound economic growth policies, a stable macroeconomic situation, policies leading to lower credit cost and greater financial liberalization would simultaneously boost lending and lower the risk of lending to the private sector.

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Khan, Waqas, and Muhammad Tahir. "Comparative Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan." Jinnah Business Review 09, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53369/jnfv3616.

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The main objective of the study was to compare the risk management practices of public and private banks and rank different types of risks faced by public and private banks in Afghanistan banking sector. The study empirically tested the level of efficient risk management practices in the banking sector of Afghanistan. A representative sample of 110 individuals was used from both public and private banks. The analysis was based on correlation, regression analysis, and t-statistics. The findings suggest that private banks are more efficient than public banks in terms of risk assessment and analysis, risk monitoring, and credit risk management. Furthermore, RAA, RMON, and CRA are the significant determinants of RMPS. Overall, there is no significant difference in the risk management practices of public and private banks. The study found credit risk, country risk, and liquidity risks as the major risks for the banking sector in Afghanistan. Financial statement analysis, audit and physical staff, and value at risk analysis are the three top instruments respectively for the assessment of risk. This study is the first attempt to understand and analyze the risk management practices of the banking sector of Afghanistan, the results of which will assist various stakeholders of the banking industry in their decision-making process.

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Manjushree, S., and K. V. Giridhar. "A Study of Priority Sector Lending with special reference to Selected Public Sector Banks in Shimoga District." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i1.1440.

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A financial institution has a major role to play in the development of any district as they provide financial assistance to the people who take up income-generating activity. The district is predominantly agriculture having 58% land id irrigated area and 42% rain-fed area. Efficient planning facilitates optimal and needs-based use of available resources for meeting the development needs of the region in an equitable and scientific manner. Priority sector lending is a scheme guided by the Government. As per RBI directive, commercial banks advised granting 40% of their total advances to borrowers in the priority sectors. Priority means to give preference and privilege. This paper provides a platform to understand priority sector lending by public sector banks with special reference to shivamogga district. The District credit plan of shivamogga district during the year 2019-2020 provides the information of outlay. An outlay of Rs.3395 crores has been provided for agriculture out a total priority outlay of RS.6262 crores. The study has used both primary and secondary data. The collected data are embodied by using tables, and analysis was done by using percentage analysis and a statistical tool like X2 test is also used.

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Zegarra, Luis Felipe. "Wars, public finances and interest rates for rural lending: evidence from 19th-century Lima." Agricultural Finance Review 80, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-05-2019-0050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of political instability on rural credit in Lima between 1835 and 1865. In particular, it explores the effects of wars on interest rates for the agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on primary sources for the study of the early credit market of Lima. In particular, the study relies on a sample of more than 800 notarized loans for 1835–1865, collected from the National Archives of Peru, to determine the effect of wars on the cost of credit. Findings The evidence shows that wars increased interest rates on rural loans and that the impact of wars on the cost of credit was greater when the State lacked fiscal resources. Political instability made funding more costly for landlords and farmers, especially in the late 1830s and early 1840s. Originality/value This paper is one of the few historical studies on the role of wars on rural credit in Latin America. It contributes to our understanding of the linkages between political instability and financial development.

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Post, Lori, Andrew Schmitz, Tariq Issa, and James Oehmke. "Enabling the Environment for Private Sector Investment: Impact on Food Security and Poverty." Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 19, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2021-0013.

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Abstract Millions of people worldwide live in extreme poverty, which has an adverse effect on global food security. Research shows that growth in the agricultural labor sector has twice the impact on poverty compared to growth in other labor sectors. To that end, we examine some of the enabling factors of private sector investment to increase food security and reduce poverty: innovative output, intellectual property rights innovation, gender-sensitive land tenure, creation of new businesses, openness to trade, government institutional flexibility, access to credit, inclusion of new sectors, income diversification, public-private partnerships, infrastructure improvements, payments for eco-system services, and climate-smart innovation. Developing policies that improve food security will help to reduce poverty.

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Ullah, Syed Fareed, and Shahid Mansoor Hashmi. "FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL CROSS - COUNTRY STUDY." Jinnah Business Review 04, no. 01 (January 1, 2016): 09–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53369/qjsk7221.

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This study aimed to examine the effect of financial development (FD) and private credit booms on economic growth. This study used the data of 58 countries (27 DCs and 31 LDCs), from the period 1973 to 2012, by applying the method of Panel Cointegration. This study involved the FD index made of four indicators of banking sector depth, activity, and efficiency indicators. The estimation results showed that LDCs gave more positively significant response to FD than DCs. This is because the LDCs’ financial systems are dominantly Bank based or their banking sector is more developed than other institutions and markets. Whereas, the credit boom to private sector (which is taken as indicator of FD) inversely affect the economic growth rate. Such relation can be caused by lack of credit recovery, more defaulting loans, insolvency, and huge public debt, that hence leads to a financial crash like that of 2008 financial crisis.

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Sarkar, Sanjukta, Rudra Sensarma, and Dipasha Sharma. "The relationship between risk, capital and efficiency in Indian banking: Does ownership matter?" Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-05-2018-0074.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks and study how their relationship differs across different ownership types. Design/methodology/approach Panel regression techniques are used to analyze a large data set of all Indian scheduled commercial banks operating during the period 2008-2016. Findings The results show that lower efficiency is associated with higher credit risk in the case of public sector and old private sector banks (”bad management hypothesis”). However, higher efficiency leads to higher credit risk in the case of foreign banks (“cost skimping hypothesis”). The authors further find that the more efficient institutions among public sector hold more capital. Finally, they find that the better-capitalized banks among those in the public sector have lower risks on their balance sheets (“moral hazard hypothesis”). Originality/value There is a paucity of papers on the interplay between risk, capital and efficiency of banks in emerging economies. This paper is the first to study the inter-relationship between risk, capital and efficiency of Indian banks across ownership groups using a number of different measures of risk.

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Samanta, Prodyot, and Mohinder Dugal. "Basel disclosure by private and public sector banks in India: assessment and implications." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 24, no. 4 (November 14, 2016): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-12-2015-0065.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to assess the nature and characteristics of regulatory risk management reporting by private and public sector banks in India. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 38 banks, a content analysis of their Basel II disclosure reports for the year 2012-2013 is examined. Findings The assessment shows that while the majority of the disclosure across banks focuses on credit risk and capital adequacy ratios, the total quantity of disclosure varies significantly across banks. Of the three broad risk categories (market, credit and operational), operational risk disclosure is the least, with minimal to no disclosure on several key aspects of operational risk, suggesting that operational risk issues are likely to emerge as an area of concern among Indian banks. Further, for the sector as a whole, the authors observe that asset size and net income are positively correlated with the quantity of regulatory disclosure and negatively correlated with the variation of this disclosure, suggesting a possible precautionary behavior on the part of larger and more profitable banks toward excessive scrutiny by the regulators and a regulatory regime in which no institution is too big to fail. Originality/value As an exploratory research article to address the characteristics of regulatory disclosure of private and public sector banks in India, it is informative, particularly for those working in the area of banking regulation and compliance. Areas for further research are suggested.

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Omar, Amizan, Vishanth Weerakkody, and Uthayasankar Sivarajah. "Digitally enabled service transformation in UK public sector: A case analysis of universal credit." International Journal of Information Management 37, no. 4 (August 2017): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.04.001.

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Durafe, Aniruddha, and Manmeet Singh. "Causality Analysis between Bank Credit and Economic Output: An Analysis of Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 4, no. 10 (2014): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2014.01430.8.

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Živkov, Dejan, Simo Poparić, and Miloš Ilić. "The effect of macro factors on bank credit activity in the Republic of Serbia." Skola biznisa, no. 1 (2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/skolbiz1-27260.

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This paper investigates whether and how key macro-fundamentals in Serbia affect the volumes of issued loans of Erste bank to public and business sector in Serbia. We made an effort to determine which particular macro factor has the highest influence on issued credits of Erste bank, and to measure the exact average magnitude of these influences. The main idea is to find out how GDP, inflation, central bank referent interest rate, exchange rate changes and Euribor affect short-term and long-term credit activity of Erste bank in Serbia. The computations are done by applying several multivariate regression models in which dependant variables are the volume of issued credits towards civil sector and enterprises. Based on the results, we can report that Euribor is the most important factor of all scrutinized macro-aggregates, since it affects most of the analysed bank loans. Besides Euribor, we find that other macro fundamentals influence the issued loans only sporadically. In other words, the level of GDP and inflation affect only long-term loans for businesses, while referent interest rate influences only short-term loans for public. We find that exchange rate changes have no effect on any loan of Erste bank, whatsoever, which clearly indicates that the bank protects itself very successfully against this type of macro risk.

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Fedotova, G. V., and D. D. Tkachenko. "Reinforcing the cyber resilience of a credit institution in Industry 4.0." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 998–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.6.998.

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Subject. The article discusses the modeling of preventive protection of IT systems and evaluates their cyber resilience. Objectives. The study evaluates the existing threats and determines how informatization processes may unfold in the credit segment. Methods. Research is based on methods of regulatory and legislative analysis. We evaluate today’s public administration of cybersecurity in the financial and credit sector. To give a view of the existing situation and sum up the sector’s performance for the recent years, we performed the content analysis of statistics on data hacking and leakages. Results. The article highlights new trends in the financial and credit sector and the growing complexity of data security systems. As proposed by the Bank of Russia, the integration of smart technologies is showed to reinforce the cybersecurity of banking systems. Conclusions and Relevance. The informatization of all banking operation systems, growing complexity of procedures and work logs require new robust resources to be integrated into financial technologies. Stronger cybersecurity should lay a trend in the financial and credit sector in the nearest future. The findings can be used to flag strategic milestones of the banking development in the information-driven society.

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Venuti, Marco. "Editorial note." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 9, no. 2 (2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv9i2editorial.

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This issue of the journal provides contributions to the exploration of subjects related to different areas of research: public and private sectors, capital market, merger and acquisition, corporate governance and risk management. In particular, the issues dealt with concern: external audit in health care organizations, risk reporting and credit derivative disclosure in the banking sector, risk based management control, governance and financial factors in reverse merger, price to earnings ratio and interest rates in the capital market

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Daniel Makina. "The Impact of Financial Sector Development on Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Study on Minimum Threshold Levels." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2513.

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Using panel data of 21 emerging economies, the paper investigates the financial sector development threshold levels that would influence foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The threshold levels we identified are 41.27% of stock market capitalization for stock market turnover, 53.55% of gross domestic product (GDP) for stock market value traded, 121.53% of GDP for stock market capitalization, 114.43% of GDP for domestic credit to private sector by banks, 144.06% of GDP for domestic credit provided by financial sector, 0.22% of GDP for outstanding domestic private debt securities and 41.26% of GDP for outstanding domestic public debt securities. Our results show that higher stock market and banking sector development above the threshold level positively and significantly influence FDI inflows whilst the influence of lower stock market and banking sector development on FDI inflows was weak and not significant. Levels of private bond market development equal to or greater than the threshold level are found to have a positive but non-significant impact on FDI inflows whilst private bond market development levels less than the threshold have a weaker positive and non-significant influence on FDI inflows. On the other hand, public bond market development levels equal to or greater than the threshold level negatively influenced FDI inflows whilst levels of public bond market development less than the threshold positively but non-significantly attracted FDI inflows into emerging markets.

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Sheppard, Gail, and Matthias Beck. "The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 579–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852316641494.

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Ireland is a latecomer to public–private partnerships, having only adopted them in 1998. Prior to the credit crisis, Ireland followed the UK model, with public–private partnerships being implemented in transport, education, housing/urban regeneration and water/wastewater. Having stalled during the credit crisis, public–private partnerships have recently been reactivated with the domestic infrastructure stimulus programme. The focus of this article is on Ireland as a younger participant in public–private partnerships and the nexus between adoption patterns and the sustainability characteristics of Irish public–private partnerships. Using document analysis and exploratory interviews, the article examines the reasons for Ireland's interest in public–private partnerships, which cannot be attributed to economic rationales alone. We consider three explanations: voluntary adoption – where the UK model was closely followed as part of a domestic modernisation agenda; coercive adoption – where public–private partnership policy was forced upon public sector organisations; and institutional isomorphism – where institutional creation and change around public–private partnerships were promoted to help public sector organisations gain institutional legitimacy. We find evidence of all three patterns, with coercive adoption becoming more relevant in recent years, which is likely to adversely affect sustainability unless incentives for voluntary adoption are strengthened and institutional capacity building is boosted. Points for practitioners There are many reasons why public sector organisations procure via public–private partnerships, and motivations can change over time. In Ireland, public–private partnership adoption changed from being largely voluntary to increasingly coercive. Irrespective of motives, public–private partnership procurement must be underpinned by incentives and institutional enabling mechanisms, which should be strengthened to make Ireland's public–private partnership strategy sustainable.

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Asongu, Simplice, and Jacinta Nwachukwu. "Information asymmetry and conditional financial sector development." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2016-0087.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of reducing information asymmetry (IA) on conditional financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Instruments for reducing IA include public credit registries (PCRs) and private credit bureaus (PCBs). Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are used, namely, financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, semi-formalization and non-formalization. Findings The following findings are established. First, the positive (negative) effect of information sharing offices (ISO) on formal (informal) financial development is consistent with theory. Second, ISOs consistently increase formal financial development, with the incidence of PCRs higher in terms of magnitude, and financial sector formalization, with the impact of PCBs higher for the most part. Third, only PCBs significantly decrease informal financial development and both ISOs decrease financial sector informalization. Policy implications are discussed. Originality/value The study assesses the effect of reducing IA on financial development when existing levels of it matter because current studies based on mean values of financial development provide blanket policy implications which are unlikely to be effective unless they are contingent on prevailing levels of financial development and tailored differently across countries with high, intermediate and low initial levels of financial development.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Patience Hlupo. "Do Remittances Enhance Financial Development in Transitional Markets?" Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0033.

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The paper explored (1) the impact of remittances on financial development and (2) whether the interaction between remittances and human capital development had an influence on financial development in transitional economies using the dynamic GMM approach, with data ranging from 1996 to 2014. Remittances were found to have had a non‑significant positive influence on financial development in transitional economies when stock market turnover, stock market value traded, domestic credit to the private sector by banks, and public bond sector development were used as measures of financial development. When stock market capitalisation, domestic credit to the private sector by financial sector, and private bond sector development were used as measures of financial development, remittances had a non‑significance negative effect on financial development. Using all other measures of financial development except stock market capitalisation (which produced a negative sign), the interaction between remittances and human capital development had an insignificant positive influence on financial development. Transitional economies are therefore urged to avoid over‑relying on remittance inflow and human capital development as sources of financial development.

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Regi, Bulomine, and Eugine Franco. "MEASURING CUSTOMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS INNOVATIVE BANKING SERVICES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR IN TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 5SE (May 31, 2016): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i5se.2016.2725.

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The beginning of empowerment of banking customers for their own transactions started with the evolution of ATMs as a delivery channel. The emergence of innovative banking services such as Self Service Banking Technologies (SSBT) i.e ATMs/ Debit Card, Credit Card, Internet Banking (IB), Mobile Banking (MB) with the concept of “Anytime and Anywhere Banking” has intensified the need of innovative banking services. With the advent of internet, the application of innovative banking services has been proven as an effective way to reduce the costs of operation for the financial institutions. Innovative banking services do allow banks to reduce expenditures on physical structures. It is believed that the e-banking will help the banks to cut costs, increase revenue and become more convenient for customers to do banking transactions. The methodology used in the study four banks were selected for the study and 90 customers were selected from each bank purposively those who are using innovative banking services namely ATM/Debit Card, Credit Card, Internet Banking and Mobile Banking. Four banks were selected based on Technological Award 2013-14. The select banks are State Bank of India, Canara Bank of public sector and ICICI and AXIS of private sector banks. The interview schedule was categorised into six parts using TAM extension model framed by the researcher. So it is important to anlayse the customers’ attitude towards innovative banking services of public and private sector banks.

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Forliano, Canio, Paola De Bernardi, Alberto Bertello, and Valerio Temperini. "Innovating business processes in public administrations: towards a systemic approach." Business Process Management Journal 26, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 1203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-12-2019-0498.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the credit collection process in public administrations in order to develop a conceptual model which goes beyond the traditional logic of linearity, adopting system thinking approaches.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyses the case of an Italian local government-owned enterprise. Data collection through semi-structured interviews and document analysis has enabled the development of propositions, the identification of systemic variables, and the development of an explanatory modeling process based on the system dynamics approach.FindingsThis paper shows that public administrations can effectively involve external actors, especially citizens, as knowledge and public value co-creators only when considering systemic, unintended, and delayed implications of decision-making activities related to the provision of sensitive public services such as credit collection.Originality/valueBusiness process modelling should address some key fragilities of traditional modeling processes, especially in the public sector. This paper develops a novel systemic conceptual model which lays the groundwork for empirically testing business process innovation in public administrations.

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Awdeh, Ali. "The Determinants of Credit Growth in Lebanon." International Business Research 10, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n2p9.

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This study aims at defining the credit growth determinants in Lebanon by exploiting a panel data of 34 commercial banks over the period 2000-2015. The empirical results show that deposit growth, GDP growth, inflation, and money supply, all boost bank credit to the resident private sector. Conversely, credit risk, lending interest rate, T-bill rate, public borrowing, and remittance inflows decrease loan growth. We extend our analysis and detect the impact of one year lag of all exploited variables in order to find out if they have a delayed impact on credit growth, where we find several different results. For instance, lag LLP recorded the opposite effect of LLP; ROA does not affect credit growth, whereas its lag lowers credit growth; the impact of a change in money supply amplifies considerably after one year; and finally, the negative impact of remittances fades away after one year.

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Adel Abdel-Baki, Monal. "The advocacy-growth nexus: the case of the Egyptian banking sector." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 4 (May 6, 2014): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-07-2011-0089.

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Purpose – The Egyptian banking sector has acted as an arena for multiple alliances, some of which bred crony capitalism and others acted as growth alliances. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of private sector advocacy in the Egyptian banking sector on macroeconomic performance, with the prime aim of designing an Egyptian-centric roadmap outlining precepts of good advocacy between bankers, policymakers and businesses. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a two-stage model. In the first stage an advocacy construct is developed using confirmatory factor analysis. In the second stage the relationship between advocacy and macroeconomic growth is measured by running a set of parsimonious regressions. Findings – The empirical results show a strong relationship between advocacy and growth, albeit not on inflation rates, suggesting that an innovative set of public policy instruments is needed to promote private advocacy efforts and to institutionalise private-public partnerships. This is an innately pressing mission for the new government to mitigate the impact of the double-digit inflation that has prevailed since the Triple-F – food, fuel and finance – Crisis of 2006. Practical implications – The ousted Egyptian government failed to protect its citizens from crony alliances and corruption, be it abuse of public resources or unfair access to bank credit. Hence, the prime aim is to design a future roadmap for the endorsement of effective growth alliances between businesses, bankers and policymakers. The recommendations proposed by this study would prove helpful to future public policymakers in the fulfilment of the macroeconomic aspirations of the Egyptian society as well as to other emerging and developing nations that share similar problems. Social implications – The research addresses how reforms can be designed in an egalitarian fashion to direct credit to growth enhancing and job-generating sectors since a prompt treatment of these problems at their roots is apt to minimise the probabilities of future social turmoil. This is apt to assist the Egyptian people to transition to a truly democratic society and to convert street rebellions into inclusive institutional activism. Originality/value – This paper adds to the literature a measurable construct gauging the relationship between advocacy in the banking sector and growth. Another contribution is the set of policies proposed to institutionalise rightful advocacy efforts.

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Sehgal, Sanjay, and Tarunika Jain Agrawal. "Bank Risk Factors and Changing Risk Exposures in the Pre- and Post-financial Crisis Periods: An Empirical Study for India." Management and Labour Studies 42, no. 4 (November 2017): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x17733396.

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In this study, we measure and analyse the time-varying nature of risk exposures for the Indian banking industry using weekly bank-level data from 23 October 2004 to 1 August 2014. We extend the literature by studying credit, equity, interest rate and exchange rate risks following a more comprehensive framework. The study finds evidence that the risk exposures are time varying in nature and differ across banks with different characteristics. Equity risk and credit risk increase post the global financial crisis (GFC) while interest rate and exchange rate risk gets reduced. The capital market has a favourable view of small-sized, well-capitalized, well-diversified private sector banks. Furthermore, the results also show that asset size and ownership structure offer relevant information for differentiating banks regarding their riskiness. Large banks have more equity risk exposure; public sector banks have higher credit risks while private sector banks have greater interest rates and exchange rate risk exposure. The study offers valuable insights for the regulators, supervisors, policymakers, banking industry, bank managers, investors and academia. The main contribution is a better understanding of sources of banks’ risks and needs to enhance the supervisory process in the Basel framework.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Credit to the public sector'

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