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Journal articles on the topic 'Credit union industry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Chepkwei, Ambrose Kipruto. "SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIC GROWTH, SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETY AND CREDIT UNION INDUSTRY: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW." Journal of Strategic Management 3, no. 1 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/jsm.345.

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Purpose: To ascertain the sustainable strategic growth Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies and Credit Unions Industry globallyMethodology: This is a secondary research based on review of existing available literature (from books, conference reports, websites and journals) in the area of Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies and Credit Unions in various countries globally.Findings: The study found that number of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies/Credit Unions in Africa increased by 83.3%, while that of Asia increased by 78.0% between the periods 2007 and 2016 and the average ind

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Chen, Su-Jane. "Does Size Matter? Economies of Scale in the Credit Union Industry." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (2017): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2017.8.6.575.

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Amoah, Benjamin, Kwaku Ohene-Asare, Godfred Alufar Bokpin, and Anthony Q. Q. Aboagye. "Technical efficiency: the pathway to credit union cost efficiency in Ghana." Managerial Finance 44, no. 11 (2018): 1292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-10-2017-0431.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that tend to influence credit union efficiency, specifically examining cost efficiency (CE) and technical efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Using a two-stage method, the authors first estimate CE using Tones’ SBM data envelopment analysis method and technical efficiency in a variable returns to scale setting during the period 2008–2014. The authors estimate a mixed-effects and two-limit Tobit regression to examine the effect of credit union specific characteristics, banking industry and macroeconomic conditions, on efficienc

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Maran, Maran. "Impact of Interest Loan, Growth of Regional Gross Domestic Product, Inflation and Economic Growth on Loans at Credit Union in West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 2, no. 3 (2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i3.119.

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Loans or credits offered by Kopdit credit unions are a potential source of funds that need to be developed, to help accelerate the home industry and the micro and small economies. Therefore, we want to see the impact of several conditions such as the loan interest rate, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and economic growth. Quite a number of studies have looked at the impact of interest rates, GDP growth, inflation rates and economic growth on loans or credits to banks or banking institutions. We do not look at credit or loans from banks, but on Kopdit credit unions (CU). The results of ou

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Vinh Vo, Xuan, Tuan Quoc Le, Thi Lam Anh Nguyen, and Hiep Ngoc Luu. "Who Could We Blame? The Impact of Strategic Orientations on the Failure of Financial Institutions." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 24, no. 02 (2021): 2150011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091521500119.

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We evaluate the impact of strategic orientation on the failure probability of financial institutions. Using the US credit union industry as the empirical setting, we find that credit unions which exhibit preferential treatment to borrowers are more likely to fail, whereas those who set operational strategies towards balancing the benefits between savers and borrowers experience a lower failure probability. The impacts appear to be more pronounced in small credit unions and in credit unions which have a lower operating experience. We also find that borrower-oriented credit unions generate lower

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Davis, Larry R., Joan Brumm, and Charles McDonald Jr. "Texar Federal Credit Union: Where Your Friends Are." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 7, no. 5 (2011): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v7i5.5605.

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TEXAR Federal Credit Union (formerly Bowie County Teachers Credit Union, Bowie-Cass Teachers Credit Union, and the Teachers Federal Credit Union) has been, from inception in 1951, a provider of a broad range of financial services to its members, primarily in Texarkana, Texas, and Arkansas and the surrounding areas. The credit union experienced normal growth over the years as it progressed through major name changes, especially to TEXAR in 2001. Another significant milestone was the decision to launch a major building program that concluded with moving into a new, large, and modern building in

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Boldin, R. "Credit union industry structure: an examination of potential risks." Financial Services Review 7, no. 3 (1998): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-0810(99)00010-4.

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White, Jake, and Brian H. Kleiner. "Effective human resource management in the credit union industry." Management Research News 24, no. 3/4 (2001): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170110782739.

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9

Byrne, Noreen, and Olive McCarthy. "Value proposition preferences of credit union members and patronage activity." International Journal of Bank Marketing 32, no. 6 (2014): 567–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-11-2013-0128.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the technical and relational value proposition preferences of credit union members and to examine the relationship between their preference and patronage activity. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 800 members of credit unions were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis was used and four factors were extracted incorporating technical and relational dimensions of the credit union service. Member value proposition preferences are examined and the relationship to patronage activity of the credit union was explored. Findings – The majority of

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10

Kaushik, Surendra K., and Raymond H. Lopez. "Profitability of Credit Unions, Commercial Banks and Savings Banks: A Comparative Analysis." American Economist 40, no. 1 (1996): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459604000109.

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The liberalization of product and price competition among depository intermediaries in the United States has tended to make them more similar since enactment of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act in 1980 (DIDMCA). Credit unions have developed into highly efficient organizations for meeting the basic financial needs of their members. Credit unions, although only one-twelfth their size, are at least as profitable as commercial banks and savings banks. The savings banking industry has maintained its competitive profitability as the industry has shrunk in the late 19

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11

Reichert, Alan K., and Jack H. Rubens. "RISK MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED WITHIN THE U.S. CREDIT UNION INDUSTRY." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 21, no. 1 (1994): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1994.tb00303.x.

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Karels, Gordon V., and Christine A. McClatchey. "Deposit insurance and risk-taking behavior in the credit union industry." Journal of Banking & Finance 23, no. 1 (1999): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(98)00074-0.

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Adusei, Michael, and Sarpong Appiah. "Determinants of Group Lending in the Credit Union Industry in Ghana." Journal of African Business 12, no. 2 (2011): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2011.588914.

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14

Nelson, Daniel. "Managers and Nonunion Workers in the Rubber Industry: Union Avoidance Strategies in the 1930s." ILR Review 43, no. 1 (1989): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904300105.

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This study of the rubber industry in the 1930s confirms the recently developed thesis that employers in that decade were more diverse in their responses to the rise of organized labor, and more successful in thwarting or containing unions, than most early labor histories have given them credit for. The author finds that small and medium-sized firms in the industry were highly sensitive to short-term economic considerations, whereas the largest firms implemented policies that reflected previous industrial relations experiences. Goodyear, Firestone, and U.S. Rubber adopted policies that the auth

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Saldanha, Terence, Abhishek Kathuria, and Jiban Khuntia. "Contingencies in Value Creation from Digitization of Services: Evidence from Credit Union Industry." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 15144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.15144abstract.

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Ferguson, Charles, and Donal G. Mckillop. "Classifying Credit Union Development in Terms of Mature, Transition and Nascent Industry Types." Service Industries Journal 20, no. 4 (2000): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060000000049.

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P. Pleshko, Larry, Richard A. Heiens, and Plamen Peev. "The impact of strategic consistency on market share and ROA." International Journal of Bank Marketing 32, no. 3 (2014): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-06-2013-0057.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take a contingency theory approach to examine how performance is affected by the relationships between the Miles & Snow strategic groupings and a variety of marketing strategy concepts, including a firm's service focus, service growth, market coverage, marketing initiative, market growth, Porter strategy, and market orientation. Design/methodology/approach – Data for the study were gathered from a statewide survey among 125 chief executives of credit unions belonging to the Florida Credit Union League (FCUL). ROA figures were derived from governmen

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Hillier, David, Allan Hodgson, Peta Stevenson-Clarke, and Suntharee Lhaopadchan. "Accounting Window Dressing and Template Regulation: A Case Study of the Australian Credit Union Industry." Journal of Business Ethics 83, no. 3 (2008): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9640-9.

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Kropivko, M., and D. Mykytyuk. "Functioning of credit cooperation: foreign experience and challenges for Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-89-95.

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It is established that the existing banking system is aimed primarily at lending to highly concentrated agricultural enterprises and is not adapted to the needs of small rural businesses. Therefore, the creation of an effective mechanism for lending to small and medium-sized agricultural entities through a credit cooperative system is of particular relevance. Rural credit co-operation is a parallel to banks, an alternative financial system that has begun to firmly occupy a niche in the country's credit and financial system. Its line of business is financial services for small and medium-sized

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20

Malewska, Alicja. "Failed Attempt to Break Up the Oligopoly in Sovereign Credit Rating Market after Financial Crises." Contemporary Economics 15, no. 2 (2021): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.441.

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For decades, the credit rating market has been dominated by three major agencies (Moody's, S&P and Fitch Ratings). Their oligopolistic dominance is especially strong in sovereign credit ratings industry, where they hold a collective global share of more than 99%. Global financial crisis and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis exposed serious flaws in rating process and forced public authorities to act. This study investigates effectiveness of new regulations adopted in the United States and in the European Union after financial crises in terms of reducing oligopolistic dominance of the “Big

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Cavallaro, Giusy, and Annarita Trotta. "Role and Regulation of Credit Rating Agencies: The European Way." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 1 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i1.14021.

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Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) play a key role in the financial markets: credit rating provides useful information to investors, and it is also widely used for regulatory purposes. Nevertheless, after the subprime meltdown, CRAs have been strongly criticized for worsening the crisis by overrating structured products. Consequently, regulators are reforming the rating industry, worldwide. Therefore, this article investigates the changes regarding the role and regulation of CRAs, focusing on the European Union. To achieve this investigation, the study explores existing literature and examines the

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Kaushik, Surendra K., and Raymond H. Lopez. "The Structure and Growth of the Credit Union Industry in the United states: Meeting Challenges of the Market." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53, no. 2 (1994): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1994.tb02590.x.

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23

Feridun, Mete, and Alper Özün. "Basel IV implementation: a review of the case of the European Union." Journal of Capital Markets Studies 4, no. 1 (2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcms-04-2020-0006.

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PurposeIntroducing radical changes to the methodologies for the determination of capital requirements, the final stage of the Basel III standards, which is referred to as “Basel IV” by the industry, will be a significant challenge for the global banking sector. This article reviews the main components of the new framework, analyses its ongoing implementation in the European Union and discusses its potential impact on banks, putting forward policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses primary sources such as the publications by the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision

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24

Andreev, Yanislav. "FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING FOR FINANCING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, Suppl.1 (2019): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.s.01.062.

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Market transformations and developments over the last decade in the Bulgarian economy have mainly affected the financing system for the agrarian sector. The formation and development of financial and credit relations in rural areas has revived the processes of credit cooperation between farmers. The market environment sets out the general rules for the production and exchange of goods and services: it depends on the costing framework and the choice of how they are organized. In essence, agri-industry producers act primarily as consumers of financial and credit institutions, which on the one ha

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Tholl, Johannes, Tobias Basse, Samira Meier, and Miguel Rodriguez Gonzalez. "Risk premia and the European government bond market: new empirical evidence and some thoughts from the perspective of the life insurance industry." Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft 110, no. 1 (2021): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12297-021-00503-2.

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AbstractWe study yield spreads between government bonds in the European Monetary Union. This segment of the global fixed income market is of particular importance for insurance companies in Europe. Our empirical research strategy is inspired by Gunay (2020) who has analyzed the relationship between credit and liquidity risk in the United States using Granger causality tests. More specifically, we employ the procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) to test for Granger causality among yield spreads in five different member countries of the European Monetary Union (namely Austria, Belgium,

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Payne, James E., and Andrea Mervar. "The entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus in Croatia." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 3 (2017): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-17-00013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to the case of Croatia. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Toda-Yamamoto causality test within a vector autoregressive model to determine the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), unemployment rate (UR), industrial production, and credit in the case of Croatia from March 1998 to December 2016. Findings The results reveal support for the recession-push hypothesis. Specifically, the authors find that an increase in the UR Granger causes an increase in the SER. Re

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Dzhagityan, E. "Basel III: In quest for criteria and scenarios of the banking regulation reform advancement." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2016): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-2-77-93.

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The article looks into the spillover effect of the sweeping overhaul of financial regulation, also known as Basel III, for credit institutions. We found that new standards of capital adequacy will inevitably put downward pressure on ROE that in turn will further diminish post-crisis recovery of the banking industry. Under these circumstances, resilience of systemically important banks could be maintained through cost optimization, repricing, and return to homogeneity of their operating models, while application of macroprudential regulation by embedding it into new regulatory paradigm would mi

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박정희. "A Study on the Determinants of Loan Quality in the Korean Credit Union Industry : The Case of Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province." KOREAN JOURNAL OF COOPERATIVE STUDIES 34, no. 1 (2016): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35412/kjcs.2016.34.1.002.

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González, Carlos J. Moreiro. "‘Beggars Can’t Be Choosers’: Spain and the Financial Crisis." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813576.

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AbstractThis contribution analyses the viability of the new Spanish financial landscape which has been drawn by the European authorities and the national administration in order to overcome the progressive deterioration of social wealth in Spain since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008.The adoption and the implementation of a new legal framework during the last two years, establishing tougher requirements on capital adequacy, leverage ratios and counter-cyclical and other buffers, as well as the shaping of the Banking Union, are not enough to transform the Spanish banking system into

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González, Carlos J. Moreiro. "‘Beggars Can’t Be Choosers’: Spain and the Financial Crisis." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003116.

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Abstract This contribution analyses the viability of the new Spanish financial landscape which has been drawn by the European authorities and the national administration in order to overcome the progressive deterioration of social wealth in Spain since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008. The adoption and the implementation of a new legal framework during the last two years, establishing tougher requirements on capital adequacy, leverage ratios and counter-cyclical and other buffers, as well as the shaping of the Banking Union, are not enough to transform the Spanish banking system in

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Panjaitan, Jenri, Muhadjir Darwin, Indra Bastian, and Sukamdi Sukamdi. "What Do Banks, Rural Credit Institutions, and Regulators Infer from the Current Strengths and Standing of Indonesian SMEs?" Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 22, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.53968.

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This study investigates whether the Indonesian regulators control Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with matching or mismatching empowerment strategies, in light of their strengths and current standing. Indonesian SMEs contributed approximately 60.34% to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. In addition, Indonesian regulators have focused on financial support through credit policies and tax incentives. Indonesian SMEs have been standing on organizational readiness and readiness for change, based on their social networks and social cognition. It collected thirteen

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Pauwels, Marie-Christine. "Ethnicity and Financial Exclusion: How Fringe Banking has taken hold in Ethnic and Immigrant Neighborhoods." Ethnic Studies Review 34, no. 1 (2011): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2011.34.1.211.

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The latest FDIC survey (2012) on Americans excluded from regular banking services reported that between 8% and 20% of American households have either little or no relationship with a bank, savings institution, credit union, or other mainstream financial service providers. The only option for these customers, many of whom are ethnic minorities and immigrant communities, is to turn to AFS - Alternative Financial Services-the official name of fringe banking. Fringe banks like Ace Cash Express, EZLoans, or Mr. Payroll deliberately target the low- to moderate-income inner-city residents, often beca

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Gruppe, Mario, Tobias Basse, Meik Friedrich, and Carsten Lange. "Interest rate convergence, sovereign credit risk and the European debt crisis: a survey." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 4 (2017): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-01-2017-0013.

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Purpose This paper aims to briefly review the literature on interest rate convergence and the European debt crisis with a special focus on the current fiscal problems of some governments in Europe. Design/methodology/approach Relevant empirical papers are identified and reviewed focusing on time series analysis techniques. Findings The introduction of the euro has caused interest rate convergence among European Monetary Union (EMU) government bond yields. However, now sovereign credit risk and possibly even redenomination risk have caused divergences in European bond markets. Research limitati

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Amponsah, Richard, and Gordon Kanyoke. "Determinants of Financial Failure in Ghana." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 3, no. 1 (2014): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2014010105.

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Most countries in the world were negatively impacted by the USA financial crisis of 2008. In 2010-2012 people have seen economic failures of Greece and Iceland impact the European Union and other countries. Interestingly, the factors which caused the financial industry failures in these developed nations were not identical; nonetheless, the results were similar: severe economic recession. It is important to better understand the financial predictors and best-practices for developed and emerging nations in other countries, particularly outside USA and the European Union - namely Africa. Busines

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Brophy, Richard. "Financial services education." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 22, no. 2 (2014): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-10-2013-0037.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to chart the development of financial services education from its origins in the insurance industry to the current offering for people who wish to work in the life and non-life insurance industry. Financial services education within Ireland has evolved over time. Originally perceived to be an outpost of the British Insurance Institute, it is the responsibility of a variety of institutes that operate in the financial sectors, covering a range which includes insurance, banking and credit unions. Where tertiary education was optional, it is now a requirement

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Dholakia, Bakul H., Mukesh M. Patel, Jay Narayan Vyas, Sunil Parekh, Amal Dhruv, and Ravindra H. Dholakia. "Union Budget 2005–06: Promises and Prospects." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 30, no. 1 (2005): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920050108.

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The Union Budgets are traditionally surrounded by hype, debate, and controversies. This year's Budget has been no different. Presented in the backdrop of favourable macro-economic conditions, a sound business environment, a booming capital market, and a relatively stable political scenario, it drew a lot of expectations from all quarters. This issue's Colloquium is a post-mortem of the Budget, 2005–06 by an eminent panel of analysts. While highlighting the broad tenets of the Budget, they put across their views on the positives and the negatives and discuss their implications. The objectives o

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Căpraru, Bogdan, and Iulian Ihnatov. "Determinants Of Bank’s Profitability In EU15." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, no. 1 (2015): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0007.

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Abstract In this paper we analyse determinants of bank profitability of EU15 banking systems for the period 2001-2011. We use as proxy for banks profitability the return on average assets (ROAA), the return on average equity (ROAE) and net interest margin (NIM). We also measure the impact of the first and the largest wave of enlargement (10 new members in 2004) on EU15 bank profitability, introducing a dummy variable. The contribution of this paper for the empirical literature is that there are no other studies that deal bank profitability for all EU 15 countries for the period considered (200

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Solari, Stefano. "Luigi Luzzatti and the making of the Italian monetary system." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 2 (March 2021): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2020-002004.

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After unification (1861) Italy had to face a badly integrated and oddly struc-tured financial system as well as some fragmented or lacking institutions. The fi-nancial position of the country was characterised by double deficit in public and external balance. That caused several monetary and financial difficulties. In par-ticular, monetary and banking institutions had to be step-by-step integrated and reorganised to support economic development in this new economic space. Luigi Luzzatti has been one of the main protagonists of this process of institution build-ing. Besides his commitment with

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Rączka, M., and B. Isendorf. "Studies of Binding Kinetics and Choice of Self-Hardening Moulding and Core Sands Used for Casting Massive Parts for Wind Power Industry under the Conditions of Krakodlew Foundry." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (2017): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0079.

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Abstract In highly developed countries, a significant progress in the use of alternative and clean energy sources has recently been observed. The European Union has implemented a programme to build wind turbines. It is estimated that in the coming years, thanks to the support in tax and credit, the global energy will develop very intensively. Many components of the wind turbines are castings. The basic material used for these castings is ductile iron, which in this particular case must meet high requirements imposed by the operating conditions of wind turbines. Anticipating an increase in cust

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Szajngarten, Roger Alain. "Payday loans and globalization in the age of the Internet – policy recommendations." Journal of Money Laundering Control 18, no. 3 (2015): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-05-2015-0016.

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Purpose – This study aims to analyze Payday loans and many similar products which are a relatively new phenomena in the USA, but have been rapidly expanding particularly after the 2008 financial crisis, and have taken a heavy toll on the most vulnerable members of our society. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive literature review of the key US features of payday loans, the regulatory framework and its limitations, the issues and the most recent actions taken to date. The review also includes work done by the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and t

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Rodriguez Gonzalez, Miguel, Frederik Kunze, Christoph Schwarzbach, and Christoph Dieng. "Asset liability management and the euro crisis." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 4 (2017): 466–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-01-2017-0016.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the long-term relationships of long-term European Monetary Union (EMU) government bond yields. From an asset managers’ or risk managers’ perspective during the euro crisis, the relevance of sovereign credit and redenomination risk became a major issue. Furthermore, it has to be differentiated between core and non-core EMU member countries. Design/methodology/approach Methods of applied time series analysis are used to investigate EMU government bond yields and EMU government bond yield spreads for Spain, Italy, The Netherlands, Austria and Germany. Both s

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Bidois, Marisa. "The cost of convenience." Hospitality Insights 3, no. 1 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.10.

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Hospitality businesses in New Zealand are seeing fewer and fewer payments made by cash, as customers opt for the convenience of paying their bill electronically. If customers love the convenience of paying by credit card, who should be responsible for the cost of this convenience – the business or the customer? In a Restaurant Association survey conducted at the end of last year, members overwhelmingly (71%) indicated that the use of cash by customers is declining, with a Mastercard New Zealand survey last year backing this up. This widespread adoption of electronic payment by consumers

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Sexton, Jean. "Controlling Corruption in the Construction Industry: The Quebec Approach." ILR Review 42, no. 4 (1989): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200404.

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Between 1968 and 1975, the Province of Quebec instituted several laws to combat violence and corruption in its construction industry. Among them were a requirement that all construction workers belong to a union, and all contractors to the sole employers' association; province-wide coverage of construction workers and employers by a single collective agreement at any given time; the presumption of guilt of anyone charged with criminal activities in the industry; mandated multiple sources of manpower, to prevent monopolies in manpower allocation; mandatory elections of union stewards, to preven

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Chatterji, Aaron K., Jiao Luo, and Robert C. Seamans. "Categorical Competition in the Wake of Crisis: Banks vs. Credit Unions." Organization Science 32, no. 3 (2021): 568–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1403.

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We connect two distinct streams of research on categories to study the role of within-category typicality in the context of legitimacy shocks. We argue that, following a legitimacy shock, member organizations of the tainted, focal category suffer equally, irrespective of their typicality. However, only the typical members of the newly favored, oppositional category benefit. Therefore, the effects of legitimacy shocks are asymmetrically influenced by typicality. We argue this pattern is the result of a two-stage process of categorization by audiences, whereby audiences prioritize distinctions b

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DASHCHENKO, Nataliia. "Innovative activity as a determinant of competitiveness of industrial enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.7.1.

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The article deals with the dependence of the competitiveness of industrial enterprises on the level of innovation activity. The essence and main characteristics of the competitive advantages of the enterprise from the point of view of innovative activity in the course of innovative activity are highlighted. One of the factors that can increase the competitiveness of business is the active use of innovative production technologies, which will ensure a continuous improvement of scientific, technical, industrial, financial and social activities in the context of changes in the institutional envir

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Miller, Geralyn, Steven A. Hanke, and Hui Di. "Pawnshops Regulatory Environment: A Readability Analysis." JABM JOURNAL of ACCOUNTING - BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 1, no. 25 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v1i25.329.

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The pawn industry in the United States grew substantially in recent years; however, there is limited research on the regulatory environment for these predominately small businesses. Our study focuses on the readability of state regulations for pawnshops. We select credit unions as a comparison group since they also service non-bank customers. Our analysis reveals that the majority of states’ pawnbroker regulations are at the college reading level while the regulations for credit unions are at the college graduate reading level. There are also geographical differences in the readability of pawn

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Нуриева, Regina Nurieva, Клычова, Guzaliya Klychova, Закиров, and Zufar Zakirov. "EVALUATION CRITERIA OF EFFECTIVE USE OF GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES IN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 4 (2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7737.

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Nowadays, the sustainable development of agriculture is impossible without state support at current economic conditions. It is due to the peculiarities of agricultural production, which has a lower productivity, compared with other industries, but plays a vital role in the provision of food, that allows us to solve the problem of strategic national security fully. One of the main forms of state support is targeted allocation of budget subsidies to agricultural enterprises, thus improving the efficiency of their use is only possible through the use of objective information, which is useful for

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Korey, William. "The Helsinki Accord: A Growth Industry." Ethics & International Affairs 4 (March 1990): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1990.tb00245.x.

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Despite conservative opposition, in the late 1970s, Jimmy Carter turned the tide in favor of the Helsinki Accord by taking a strong stand in fostering U.S. participation in it. Korey focuses on the U.S. delegation to the Commission on Security and Cooperation (CSCE) in Europe and credits the success of the Helsinki Accord to U.S. adroit negotiation strategies, beginning with the Carter administration. By 1980, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev came to embrace the “humanitarianism” of the treaty. The Vienna review conference's (1986–89) effort peaked when a mil

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Beg, Masroor Ahmad. "Intra-Saarc Trade: A Dwindling Feature." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 46, no. 1 (1990): 47–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492849004600103.

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Most of the South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan,1 India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka formed a loose association SARC (South Asian Regional Cooperation) in the year 1980. Through various meetings and conferences spread over five years under the banner of SARC, an agreement was signed in December 1985 for the formation of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. SAARC member-countries have chosen some areas of cooperation like, agriculture, rural development, meteorology, telecommunication, scientific and technical cooperation, health and cooperation acti

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Zoltáni, Tenke A. "Carbon as an Emerging Tool for Risk Management." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 4 (2013): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2013100104.

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Since 2005, when the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) launched, green adoption in business and industry has been marred by fraudulent carbon credits, VAT swindlers and carbon cowboys, inefficiencies of a nascent market, and not least of all by legislative uncertainty. The disrepute afforded by these examples hindered low carbon growth and deterred emerging business models from adopting more carbon friendly practices. But, as this article argues, the shift toward liberal environmentalism has yielded a new generation of businesses seeking to incorporate carbon assets, emissions t

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