Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crédits budgétaires et dépenses'
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Delon, Desmoulin Corinne. "Les principes budgétaires communautaires." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0442.
Full textLelièvre, Valérie. "Dépenses militaires : déterminants et conséquences économiques." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN20011.
Full textYun, Kwang-Jai. "Les relations financières entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales : Etude comparée France-Corée du sud." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020022.
Full textDussart, Vincent. "L'autonomie financière des pouvoirs publics constitutionnels : éléments pour une théorie de l'autonomie financière constitutionnelle." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL20012.
Full textSince 1789, the financial system of constitutionnal public authorities has been obeying exceptionnal rules to the financial common law. It must be noticed that there is a perfect form of financial autonomy which is applicable to the different constitutionnal institutions. This particular financial autonomy is the fruit of a slow historical evolution which has allowed the parliamentary assemblies and head of state to free themselves from the traditionnal rules of the budgetary law and from the standard accounding law. Theoretically this financial autonomy is based on an unrecognized application of the separation of the powers. Under the fifth republic, the parliamentary assemblies, the presidency of the republic, the constitutionnal council, the economic and social council, the court of justice of the republic enjoy an important financial autonomy. It expresses itself in the elaboration and the executioin of grants and in particular inspections which are exercised over this execution
Provost, Jean-Jacques. "Le financement de la défense : aspects juridiques : la programmation militaire." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020115.
Full textDefense financing is materialized by: - the annual finance law which has the status of a law. - the medium-range military programming law. - the long-range planification without any legal status. The "military programming law" which is born of the "programme law" is written in "credits de paiement" (payment credit) it has not the status of a law although it has a binding status. It is a norm of goals which assign the government to do anything in order to realize the financial estimates stated by the law
Pilandon, Louis. "Développement économique et politiques de défense : recherches sur les déterminants des dépenses militaires : présentation d'un ensemble de travaux." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10003.
Full textJari, Mohammed. "Les dépenses militaires en Afrique : analyse et théorie." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D008.
Full textThis research deals with : I, origin of military expenditures. II, change in military expenditures. III, defense investissement strategy
Couilbault, François. "Les budgets militaires sous la Ve République." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA122000.
Full textLe, Quang Thuan. "La réforme budgétaire au Vietnam : la maîtrise des dépenses de l'État." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010296.
Full textLertpaithoon, Somkit. "Le budget des collectivités locales en Thaïlande." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020050.
Full textIf it is understood that the local governments are the basic cell of our society, il is real that their resources are not sufficient. That's why the main problem, the key problem concerning the financing of the local governments is linked to the fact that none real decentralization is possible without a total financial autonomy of local governments. The budgetary rules and the structures of budget of the local governments in thailand confirm their lack of financial autonomy. They still stay very dependant of the autorities which are always willing to centralize the powwers. The nature of the problem is not only administrative because the setting of the remedies depends also of the financial capacity. The hope exist only if there is real solidarity between the autorities and the local governments and the particulary with the sincerity of autorities
Nicolini, Véronique. "L'effet des dépenses militaires sur les économies régionales et nationale." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL2002.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretic building which underscores three mechanisms of the regional and national growth generated by military expenditure, enables to make a comparison at short and long terms between military and civil expenditure showing which type of public expenditure is the most productive and to specify the nature and the intensity of absolute or relative crowding-out effects of military expenditure. It stresses on productivity gain realized by DCN Toulon then compares it with productivity gain of the T17 branch of PACA, Bretagne and Aquitaine regions in order to determine if DCN Toulon and this "militarized" branch are similar or on the contrary different. It attempts to define the outline of military industry attached to DCN Toulon by its purchases. It tries to assess the weight and the income-final demand and supply multiplier effects of DCN Toulon on the economy of Var
Barka, Mohammed Zine. "Dépenses publiques et développement : le cas de l'Algérie." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100010.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis is to analyze the growth of the public expenditure in Algeria between I963 and I982. Seeing the magnitude of the expansion of the public sector in Algeria it looks necessary to attempt an analysis of the determinants of the factors responsible for such a fast growth. To study the role of the public expenditure in the development of Algeria, we devoted the first part of the thesis to analyzing the main features of the planning system and the different targets to be reached. So what has been achieved on the economic and social frons since independence? Clearly, the sharp rise of the sale of the resource (hydrocarbons), particularly in I974 and 1981, allowed the level of public investment to an unprecedented level. Then we concentrate on collecting and analyzing financial data. An empirical study is made to analyze the evolution of public expenditure between 1963 and 1982. In the last part we review the literature explaining the determinants of the growth of the public sector in the developed countries. We conclude our research by running some tests derived from the literature and hence try to determine if certain hypothesis applied and verified in the developed countries are fully adequate to explain the growth of public expenditure in a developing country, like Algeria
Toure, Boulel. "Dépense publique, taxation et croissance économique : le cas du Mali." Clermont 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10238.
Full textRecent analyses show that the government economic policy is essential for a regular growth and for an economic takeoff. Fiscal policy is a fundamental element of the economic policy
Layer, Fabrice. "Les critères budgétaires de convergence : facteurs d'évolutions politiques et institutionnelles de l'Union européenne ?" Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3004.
Full textLahille, Éric. "L'économique et le militaire : un essai d'interprétation et un exemple d'application à l'organisation industrielle." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010042.
Full textEl, Kacemi Mohamed. "La loi de finances au Maroc." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020017.
Full textThis thesis is about the finance law in morocco. On the one hand its aim is to describe and analyse the budget procedure (parts 1 and iii) and, on the other, to describe budget structures and phenomena (part ii). This way all the processes of the elaboration and the execution of the finance law are studied in detail, describing the political and administrative bodies which are involved in the proceedings, directly or indirectly, their own competence, methods used and the controlling systems of the public funds. However, beyond these descriptions, the aim is to situate those who hold real power over budget matters in the government as well as in the parliament and in the ministry of finance. Stress has also been placed on pointing out the important role of certain institutions, as well as on showing the existing gap between the legal texts defining the proceedings to be followed and the practice of elaborating and executing of the finance law. The contents of the latter is also studied in a historical perspective by analysis of the politics of the moroccan government concerning the economy and finances with the description of the existing constraints, quoting the reforms introduced in this field
Conan, Matthieu. "La non-obligation de dépenser." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100097.
Full textThis work sheds a new light on an issue usually presented as deriving from classic treasury rules. Some authors go as far as considering that the non-obligation to spend allocated budgets is a general principle of budgetary law. Others use this principle to give substance to new budgetary adjustment techniques which have appeared in the last decade. These diverging opinions nonetheless define a right to retain public spending, thereby leading to cancellation of fund allocations during or at the end- of a given fiscal year. This non-obligation is a feature of modern budgetary practice. It demonstrates a degree of economic intervention as well as a general trend toward wealth redistribution. During the last century, no such freedom existed; it appeared mainly under the influence of Jeze and Laferriere ca. 1910-1912. This non-obligation can hardly be construed as a general principle, nor indeed can it apply to all categories of spending (e. G. Debt servicing, government budget continuity). Any instance of non-spending should not be construed as an application of this right to refrain from spending. As early as the nineteenth century, credits have been cancelled simply in view of their amount. Nowadays, credits can be cancelled for the purpose of regulating cashflow. This prerogative, originally one enjoyed by each minister for organic reasons, is progressively taken up by the exchequer and even more, by the prime minister, who now have assumed powers quite beyond the scope of the ordinance of 2 january 1959
Bouabid, Abderrazak. "Les effets des dépenses militaires sur l'activité économique des pays du tiers-monde : l'exemple marocain." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090109.
Full textRainaud, Philippe. "La transparence budgétaire : approche comparée des finances des collectivités locales, de l'Etat et de l'Union européenne." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3024.
Full textZhang, Zhu. "Le processus budgétaire dans l’entreprise chinoise à l’épreuve culturelle : Le confucianisme, le taoïsme et le bouddhisme." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090004.
Full textThis research interests in the meeting between Chinese culture and the budgeting process. Chinese culture has a great wealth in philosophy in which three main schools are represented: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The literature suggests, on one hand, Chinese people are more flexible and relativist than Western people because of the influence of Taoism and Buddhism. As a matter of fact, they seem less use Western methods which generally consist of pre-establishing a model to reduce uncertainty. On the other hand, Confucianism favours power distance and the virtue of the mankind. Our study has explored consequences of these suggestions in the budgeting process: in the setting up phase, there exists a “Chinese budgeting slack” which relies on mechanisms different from those in Western budgeting slack. And the budget system seems to be applied as a diffusion tool of ideal image of the firm than a monitoring tool in Chinese company. During the postevaluation, it appears that to “manage people and conquer their heart”, objectives appraisal’s rules are clearly insufficient. Chinese socialization rules (Guanxi, face,. . . ) play a regulator role in the appraisal system
Garlanda-Longueville, Lorenzo. "Fiscalité bancaire, politique monétaire et annonces budgétaires : trois essais en économie bancaire et financière internationale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100145.
Full textThis thesis is part of the general field of international financial macroeconomics, and more specifically of international banking and financial economics. Its aim is to analyze the allocation of bank debt and assets, with a particular focus on monetary policy. In this way, we highlight the specific nature of banking activities in these territories, namely the extensive use of internal debt, particularly when the debtor is highly taxed.In our first chapter, we first document the process of banking globalization, highlighting the surge in cross-border banking activities since the 1980s. We then show that OFCs, which account for a negligible share of global GDP, hold over 20% of cross-border banking assets, making them the largest banking system in the world. By mobilizing international data on these territories for the first time, we are able to show how the geographical location of cross-border intra-group outstandings is neither random, nor based on underlying economic exchanges. In particular, we present evidence of the disproportionate weight of certain jurisdictions in the location of cross-border intra-group outstandings of major banking systems: this disproportion is measured by comparing the distribution of intra-group outstandings by creditor tax rate quintiles with the distribution of inter-group outstandings.Our second chapter documents the evolution of international amount outstandings between China and Hong Kong, reflecting their banking integration. Through a variety of monetary policy variables, we assess the impact of Chinese monetary shocks on Hong Kong cross-border create loans. Our results indicate that a large part of the decline in the level of outstandings, observed as early as 2015, can be attributed to the People's Bank of China's accommodative monetary policy and its direct consequence: the narrowing of the spread between Chinese rates and those of advanced countries. We explain this development by yield-seeking behavior on the part of international banks resident in Hong Kong. Furthermore, in line with recent literature on the transmission of Chinese monetary policy, we show that the latter now operates fully within a market interest rate logic and no longer through purely quantitative instruments (quotas, credit control and reserve requirements), which were its hallmark in the 1990s and early 2000s. Finally, we compare these results with the monetary policy transmission of the hegemon, the United States. The latter indicate that the effect of Chinese monetary policy on Hong Kong's international banking assets is stronger than that of Fed policy.In our 3rd chapter, we propose to apply the idea of fiscal forward guidance to the French framework and measure the effect of President Emmanuel Macron's announcements during the COVID crisis on French financial markets. Distinguishing between the effect of press releases or leaks about future announcements and the effects specific to the announcements themselves, we show how each impacts i) the French equity market and ii) the sovereign spreads between France and Germany. We also show that the addresses and the announcement of those addresses have mixed effects on the volatility of our two indicators. Our results suggest that communication by fiscal policy-makers has an overall positive effect and can help reassure financial markets, while promoting strong fiscal support policies in times of uncertainty
Godek, Magdalena. "Les euro-obligations municipales en France : une source de financement des collectivités locales." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33020.
Full textLevoyer, Loïc. "L'influence du droit communautaire sur le pouvoir financier du Parlement français." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT3016.
Full textMalizard, Julien. "Dépenses militaires et croissance économique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10057.
Full textMilitary spending constitutes an important economic phenomenon because in 2010, 1630b dollar are affected to the defense sector all around the world. Economists are interested in the economic consequences of such spending. However, since 40 years, one has to note that there is no consensus from this literature. This absence leads to difficulties to formulate relevant economic policy conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to determine what are the causes of the diversity of results in the past literature. Two ways are then considered: on the one hand, a diversity of models with hypothesis diametrically opposed concerning the impact of the defense sector on economic growth and on the other hand, non-linear behavior which may modify this impact for a same model.This dissertation contains four chapters. In the first one, we detail a literature review in order to draw the principal regularities in terms of results for each theoretical model. The chapter two constitutes an empirical verification of the contingency of results from different models, for a sample of OECD countries. Our empirical strategy leads to consider the complementary rather than the competition between models. In the third chapter, we examine the non-linear phenomenon with original steps and empirical method. We show that non-linear regression outperforms linear regression and characterizes asymmetric effects of the military spending on growth. The last chapter aims to analyze the case of France in order to confirm the usefulness of the strategy developed in past chapters for raising economic policy recommendations
Comoe, Amélie. "L'autonomie financière des communes en cöte d'ivoire." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0007.
Full textDubois, Jacques. "Notre-Dame d'Alençon à la fin du Moyen âge : financement et reconstruction." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20023.
Full textThe parish church of Notre-Dame of Alencon, rebuilt in the late middle ages, is an admired Norman building, but few studies have been devoted to. The written works of authors, who have taken interest in it, often suggest different chronologies of the building site. However if the sources are far from being numerous for the fabric, compared with the archaeological research about the building, they compensate this difficulty. The considerable notarial funds of this time (xvie s. ) Makes possible a better knowledge of the treasory (fabric) staff with the study about the management of the church incomes. It notably gives cause to define the client and the relationships he had with the foreman of Notre-Dame and the workmen of the site, as well as the part played by every one in the project and realization of such an edifice. The informations collected in the "tabellionnage" and the accounts registers bring the significance of the budget to light and its consequences upon the good supervision of the works, the architectural quality and the presence of efficient men. Widened to the other sites of the city, this prospect suggests to observe the repercussions of the training and the local recruting of workers on different supports of artistic supports, as well as the client
Eyrignoux, Bouloux Angélique. "Le principe de bonne gestion financière dans le droit de l'Union européenne." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10033.
Full textIntroduced in the treaties of Rome to answer the expressed concerns of the founder states to see their financial contributions correctly used, the principle of sound financial management has quickly appeared as a principle to be defined. Although developed from the concept of profitability well known in German law, the principle of sound financial management continue to be a special concept of European law and which can not be compared to any law of the founder States. Initially neither defined nor limited the sound and efficient management has been expressed for a long time before to be established by the European Union treaty. This evolution is concomitant to the European financial one, consequence of reforms enforcement. In this context, the interinstitutional agreements in financial matters have played an important role. Their content and their application have served to develop some measures enhancing the principle and amongst, the budget discipline. From its establishment and its development in the law of the European Union, the principle of sound financial management has reinforced the setting of the institutional reforms. The first has been initiated in 1995 and known as the acronym SEM 2000 bears witness to that. Handed over by the administrative reform initiated by the Commission in 2000, the financial management reform has taken part in a broader movement, the remodelling of the European governance
Mbimbi, Pierre. "Le contrôle du recouvrement de la TVA intracommunautaire." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082741.
Full textThe open market of capital, free movement of peuple, goods and services started in the year 1993 within the European community today increased to 25 members countries and the corollary of this is the absence of a total inter community control. What emerged as regards this situation without precedent, is that it seems very difficult to fight against the act of fraudulent fiscal control more and more sophisticated that is loose out within the European Community. One of the plausible solutions is to adapt the fiscal control to the new system of fraud, which mean that the members states should engage in a regular mutual assistance on fiscal control and introduce a European system of fiscal control within their administrations in every domain. The fiscal control is suppose to be modernised according to the new mecanismes of contrôle. A particular attention should be placed on the national risk analysis and a computerized auditing system. It is the only way to improve the efficiency of the inter-commuity added value tax recovery
Boyer, Bénédicte. "La redistribution spatiale induite par les budgets publics locaux : le cas de la région Île-de-France." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120019.
Full textThe combined effects of the incidence of local public revenues and of public expenditures for the provision of local services are apt to produce important redistributions between individuals and areas. The decentralization process has given french regions new responsibilities regarding regional and local development, and we found particularly relevant to try and answer the question of the spatial impacts of the regional budget. The chosen case study for the method we propose is the region ile-de-france, and the results are given for fiscal years 1983 to 1985. The overall impact of these budgets on the eight departements which constitute ile-de-france clearly tends to reduce spatial inequalities in the area: the regional budget favors the poorer departements of the east vs. The west, and the less well-to-do suburbs vs. Well-off paris
Strub, Philippe. "La renaissance de la marine française sous la quatrième république (1er janvier 1945-novembre 1953)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010518.
Full textDa, Silva Rosa Teresa. "L'Union Européenne et le cofinancement des ONG : discours idéologique ou conscience écologique?" Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0001.
Full textOur research aims to analyze the Eurpean Union's (EU) budget program co-financing with NGOs official discourse in order to assess its contribution to the encouragement of sustainable developpment projects. Three theoretical views define the ecological approach to development : systemic, biocentric and thermodynamic. Ecological management of the social system aims to diminish the human impact on the biosphere through two strategies : sufficiency and eco-efficiency. Two lists were created : ecological lexicon and ecological subjects. So few ecological elements and that the ones chosen here do not appear at all suggests that the use of ecological terminology only serves to hide the EU's economic interests rather than to create true ecological awareness. The analysed message does not seem to be able to encourage an ecologically friendly design of development projects in the South
Deusy-Fournier, Pierre. "L'UEM et la cohérence du polycentrisme monétaire." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100128.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing the effects of the European monetary union (emu) on the stability of the international monetary system (ims), and at specifying its prerequisites. It begins by trying to define the nature of competition between currencies, and rejects the traditional neoclassical framework, because of the evidence of externalities and due to the collective nature of the money. Reference to the economics of networks aims at unifying both approaches in a homogeneous theoretical and conceptual framework. A simulation synthesizes it, by focusing on the contradictory interaction between the dynamics induced by fixed costs and the rigidity of monetary habits. Subsequently, it is confirmed by a statistical and descriptive study of the balance of powers between moneys since 1975, as well as by a historical review of international monetary systems discussed and implemented since 1945. Through asking what really a good ims is, and developing the decisive distinction between actual and potential capital mobility, a typology of the various possible regimes may be deduced; and intermediate imss prove to be the most robust. However, the future of the new monetary principles settled with the plaza and Louvre agreements remains uncertain, though interventions seem to be more efficient, and though the emergence of independent central banks implies the development of real monetary doctrines. In the end, some questions related to emu are tackled, using the former results and a final modelisation. Emu is indeed a real "revolution" which unsettles monetary habits and frees the external effects attached to international money. Hence the decisive importance of the transition period, and the necessity of a real consistency of the new European monetary identity. The outcome for the polycentric ims will depend on both the regionalization of international monetary networks, and the degree of co-responsibility implemented
Rouge, Sandra. "La dimension fiscale de l'autonomie financière des collectivités territoriales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10407.
Full textThe question of the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities was often studied in the light of a power of creation or tax modification which it under would tighten in their connection. The unit model of the State prevents however so that the territorial collectivities can profit from such a power. They must initially be entitled to exert it by the law, which remains the guardian of the tax, voluntarily and democratically agreed. They could not consequently be seen recognizing an initial normative tax autonomy, in favour which the constitutional text was not literally expressed besides (what the Constitutional council had the occasion to confirm in 2009). There it is a question more of protecting the integrity from the local financial system in front of a financial dispossession organized by the game of the decentralization. Within this framework, the financial autonomy of the territorial collectivities is defined as the capacity of these last to ensure of the expenditure not legally forced. The exercise of this capacity supposes that the warranty is established that they are given resources which they can allocate to this expenditure. The role of the legislator then central in the efficiency of protection since it is with him that returns the determination of the local tax resource, only own local resource which can escape competence from the decentralized territorial collectivities. This narrow central dependence of the local tax system militates in favour of a realistic approach of the local tax which, if he obeys a systemic logic which is clean for him, cannot withdraw himself from his unit legal nature of tax, of its creation until its perception
Gentilucci, Eleonora. "La dépense militaire dans l'analyse des économistes contemporains." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612338.
Full textStricof, Michael. "The peace dividend and defense conversion in the United States after the Cold War, 1989-2001." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191213_STRICOF_91rk202bredm542cj901qmugbl_TH.pdf.
Full textThis study of the history of American defense spending policy in the 1990s combines local economic development, national budget debates and international strategy to discuss the planning and management of the post-Cold War defense drawdown. For over 40 years during the Cold War, the primary justification for historically high levels of American defense spending was the threat of military conflict with the Soviet Union. Between 1989 and 1991, that existential threat effectively disappeared, creating expectations within the United States that funds previously dedicated to defense could be applied to domestic needs. Calls for this “peace dividend” were increased by an ongoing economic recession. However, by the end of the 1990s, the lowest the defense budget would fall was merely equal to the Cold War average level of spending. This doctoral project documents the primary political reasons for the continuation of historically high defense budgets during the post-Cold War period (1989-2001) and the related decisions about managing defense spending, defense policy, economic development and industrial policy in the context of this post-war drawdown
Bédard, Richard. "Les finances de Paris sous la Restauration : une analyse quantitative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20988.
Full textEl, Haddad Georges. "Le financement public de l’offre religieuse : une analyse économique comparée du droit des religions et de la laïcité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0162.
Full textThe thesis provides an economic, international and comparative analysis of budgetary relationship between states and religious cults and secularism. It more precisely studies the fiscal regulation and deregulation of religious cults in the markets of religions across the world. The aim is to identify and analyze the various modalities of this regulation in order to fully understand and explain the public funding of religions. To this end, we therefore adopt a positive and applied approach intended to describe and grasp the real world institutions and to understand the legal and institutional arrangements and the modalities of fiscal regulation of religions that prevail in different states. This requires building an unprecedented database on public funding of religions across States all over the world and establishing a first typology of the modalities of regulation using both legal and economic criteria. Using this twofold analytical and empirical approach, we are able to grasp the differences that exist between economic facts and legal texts, the latter defining the formal relations that exist between States and religions. We thereby contribute to answer the following research question: is a specific modality of fiscal relation associated with some particular legal arrangements in matters of religion? And is legal laïcité always (or also) fiscal and of budgetary nature?
Ancelot, Lydie. "L'analyse économique du plaider coupable : application à la procédure française de comparution sur reconnaissance préalable de culpabilité." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20004/document.
Full textIn 2004, the french plea bargaining called the Comparution sur Reconnaissance Préalable de Culpabilité (CRPC) is introduced. With vocation to be faster and less expensive than a lawsuit, it has as the ambition to reduce the number of cases on correctional courts. Since its enforcement, there have been reserves to apply this process. The main fear is to see French justice slipping towards drifts similar to those known in the United States. Many interrogations raised concerning its effectiveness and its equity have been renewed recently by the proposal of the Leger committee to extend its application to crimes. We seek to discuss the debate on the potentially undesirable effects of plea bargaining, in general, and of the CRPC, in particular. The economic analysis of plea bargaining proposed in this thesis has two objectives. The first objective is to examine how the sanction inflicted in plea bargaining can be effective to reduce the legal errors and/or to deterrence people to commit an offence. An original approach of the literature is carried out. In fact, we insist on two aspects of the effectiveness of plea bargaining : revelation of information and the deterrence. We thus highlight useful conclusions on the effectiveness of the CRPC in its current state of application and on its effects to await if its applicability is widened. In particular, the economic literature recommends to maintain a sentence sorrow to the judgement, to grant to the prosecutor a available budget and to introduce sentencing guidelines. These conclusion are opposed to the characteristics of plea bargaining : lightest sentence, decreasing the costs of justice and individualization of the sentence. The second objective of this thesis is to examine the equity of plea bargaining. Indeed, although the reproach of iniquity was frequently formulated in France and in the United States against this procedure, the economic literature did not study this question. In order to bring answers to the legal debates, two distinct analyses are carried out. First, we examine the impact of the fees system of the attorney on the sentence. We show that a two-speed justice is developed. Secondly, with a personal database, we discuss the CRPC equity using an econometric study. We highlight that the court plays an essential part in the type of sentence inflicted with the defendant
Braham, Mahmoud. "Dépenses militaires américaines post-Guerre Froide, 1989-2014 : pour quelle défense ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE002.
Full textIf, during the Cold War, the colossal U.S military expenditures were justified by an existential threat against the United States and their allies, the collapse of the communist camp and ideology, followed by the disintegration of the Soviet Union, should have pushed to revising downward those spending or, at least, brought them down to proportional levels, commensurate with the new international security landscape. This study, which falls within the scope of Defense Economics and which is centered on exploring the genuine rationales and determinants of the U.S. post-Cold War military spending, suggests that they seem serving purposes (needs) other than the constitutional function of defending the American Nation, which are those linked to preserving the interests of the political, economic and military elites (an alliance of interest creating a state of chronic and irreversible dependency of the U.S. economy on the Defense spending). Henceforth, those spending are articulated, in our own point of view, on the projection of the military power abroad, serving to achieve a global geopolitical and geo-economic hegemony and not the “common defense”
Kerouanton, Jean-Louis. "Investissement religieux et architecture en Maine-et-Loire : 1840-1940 : les églises paroissiales." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20019.
Full textThe rebuilding of parish churches is a phenomenon which particularly affects the west of France in the XIXth century. More than two third of Maine-et-Loire parishes, which confuse with Angers'diocese, are concerned by this rebuilding between 1840 and 1940. But it's in fact nearly the whole territory which is concerned all those works realised. This study, realised thanks to catalogue published by each parish, applies not only to the most important and large works campaigns but also to the most modest such as repairing or expansions. Then different actors, priests and architects, " fabriques ", towns, state, intervene with their complementarities or their oppositions. The geography taking shape not only takes care of the practical and religious attitudes, with a traditional eastern and western dichotomy in Maine-et- Loire. The geography leads up to a different logic which is more adapted to public and council equipments, answering to the population needs
Rucet, Armel. "Politiques budgétaires et effets de seuils en Europe." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G016.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the short and medium run effets of fiscal policies on macro-economic activity within the framework of a threshold effect. It is shown that hte sign and the magnitude of fiscal policy multipliers strongly depend on the current state of macro-economic environment. This last is proxied by a few latent exogenous macro-economic variables. Threshold effects are brought to the fore, first, in the consumption function. Here, theoretical and empirical investigations show that fiscal multipliers depend on the liquidity constraint weight, the level of current public debt and the size and/or persistence of budgetary shocks. In a second step, the analysis focus on labor market. Based on a wage equation, we show that union monopoly power is a function of current macro-economic activity. After synthesizing the results on consumption function and unions behavior, we are able to bring a ligt on the types of fiscal policy to implement within Europe
Wu, Zhenglin. "L'Union monétaire européenne et politiques budgétaires." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0014.
Full textTo realize, emu, each European country must male effort. Emu put many questions about monetary and budgetary policies in the EEC. The coordination of economic policies between member states is in the heart of debate about emu. The dissertation provides a comparison of European countries's budgetary policies since 1960s until the end of 1980s. It is pointed out that the EEC countries are very different from each other in the field, because every country has a structure of public spending and fiscal tax, and EEC advise to various countries the orientation of policy based on different criterion. That is why the initial coordination of budgetary policies in Europe was not systematic. The dissertation synthesizes theory relative to coordination of budgetary policies, and the conclusion argues that emu must be built at several speeds
Youssef, Hoda. "Ciblage d’Inflation en Égypte ? : exigences budgétaires et institutionnelles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0005.
Full textNflation targeting has emerged in recent years as an increasingly advocated framework for conducting monetary policy in order to achieve and maintain price stability. However, there is a wide consensus on the necessity of meeting a set of economic, institutional and technical preconditions in order to be able to successfully adopt an inflation targeting regime. Like many other developing countries, Egypt is aspiring to introduce inflation targeting as a framework for its monetary policy once the fundamental prerequisites are met. This thesis reviews these prerequisites and analyzes the extent to which they are met in Egypt. We argue that the major challenges that Egypt faces are the fiscal and institutional requirements, as the Egyptian economy suffers from fiscal dominance, a questionable independence of its central bank, as well as the weakness of the budgeting system and the mechanisms of execution and control of fiscal policy
Rauzier, Jean. "Finances et gestion d'une principauté au XIVème siècle : le duché de Bourgogne de Philippe le Hardi, 1364-1384." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040228.
Full textDuring the period 1364-1384,when Philipp the Bold is only duke of Burgundy,we've gathered together in a sole and centralized accounting the accounts of the Recette générale de Bourgogne,of the Chambre aux deniers,of five bailiwicks,of fourty castellanies,of the gruerie,and some various particular accounts. .
Pommier, Sébastien. "Convergence et règles budgétaires : efficacité de la régulation conjoncturelle dans l'Union économique et monétaire." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN1G007.
Full textThe thesis discusses, theoretically and empirically the implementation of deficit ceiling in Europe. In the theoretical part we show that fiscal discipline and macro-stability are linked to a trade-off between the reduction of structural deficits and the development of automatic stabilisers. Empirical results underline that disciplined fiscal policy (more incremental and lead by automatic stabilisers) is more effective. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of greater effects in lesser indebted countries. The study of convergence of real fiscal policy effects, confirms the loss of fiscal effectiveness in undisciplined countries, and illustrates the trade-off between the development of public transfers and the increase of structural expenditures
Schalck, Christophe. "Les politiques budgétaires de stabilisation dans la zone euro : évaluations et perspectives." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100049.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to propose a study of the stabilization carried out by national fiscal policies within the UEM. The first part provide an estimate of current fiscal stabilization. We use a nonlinear structural VAR approach. Results show that reactions from economic growth to a fiscal shock are different according to the regime that prevails. In addition, these reactions are also different accross countries. In the second time we propose discretionary principles to improve this stabilization. The first principle is that to modify the Stabilty and Growth Pact. We show that the balanced structural budget or the golden rule are more effective than the Pact. The second principle is the coordination of fiscal policies. It is an efficient instrument to increase the EMU stabilization. This instruments is compatible with the Pact. However, coordination gains are sensitive to macroeconomic heterogeneities
Ben, Tahar Moez. "Evaluation et mesure des contributions des chocs budgétaires dans les fluctuations économiques des pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie et de la région MENA." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0021.
Full textSince the 1970s, the use of discretionary fiscal policy for stabilization of economic activity is the subject of many controversies. The opponents of the Keynesian analysis presented several theoretical and practical justifications against the effectiveness of fiscal instrument: Crowding out Effect, Ricardian Equivalence, Rational Expectations, and most recently, the “Anti-Keynesian Effect”. This research proposes an original scientific approach which permits to identify and to explain the dynamic effects of discretionary fiscal impulses using theoretical model (DSGE model) and to quantify and predict the impact of fiscal shocks using econometric methodology (SVAR model). We address also the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries and their determinants
Hory, Marie-Pierre. "Essais sur la politique budgétaire : Multiplicateurs et interactions budgétaires." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE0506/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the determinants of fiscal policy efficiency and the way fiscal policy is implemented. The first chapter compares the fiscal multiplier in emerging market economies (EMEs) with the one in advanced economies(AEs): the fiscal multiplier is smaller in EMEs than in AEs. While the determinants of fiscal multipliers are similar in both groups, their weights differ across groups. To improve fiscal policy efficiency EMEs seem to need structural policies to better their institutional quality. Chapter 2 empirically and theoretically shows that the fiscal multiplier decreases with the share of firms’ indebtedness that is denominated in foreign currency. EMEs have large debt denominated in foreign currency. Fostering the use of local currency to finance activity, for example via quotas on foreign loans, shall allow EMEs to improve the efficiency of their fiscal policies. Chapter 3 shows that European governments mimic each other in the implementation of fiscal policy with one year delay. These interactions are due to yardstick competition.The electoral objectives of governments may reduce fiscal policy efficiency and the incentive of governments to fiscally cooperate. If we believe in fiscal cooperation as a force to enhance fiscal policy efficiency, more institutions should be set up to foster cooperation in Europe. Moreover, the delayed interactions found are consistent with a leader-follower process, and Chapter 4 shows that Germany is the leader: European countries follow Germany in the implementation of fiscal policy. Hence, the push for fiscal cooperation could come from Germany
Lefebvre, Maxime. "Union européenne : la fédération d'Etats-nations entre préférences nationales, jeux de puissance et coopération institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020007/document.
Full textBeyond the debate on intergovernmentalism and the “communautarian method”, the positioning of the “Nation States” in Europe is a key factor determining the European construction and its compromises. Traditionnally analysed through geopolitics and power politics, the relationship between the States of the European Union is nowadays ruled by institutional cooperation and must be addressed by new analytical schemes such as cultural, sociological, economical and political differences between the nations. This thesis, based on diplomatic experience and academic works, emphasizes the role of the franco-german relationship regarding in particular the negociation of the European constitution in 2002-2003, the EU positions on enlargement and the relationship to Russia, or the solution to the Eurozone crisis since 2010. In the negociation of the financial perspectives, the positions of Member States is determined by the question of budgetary balances in which contributors and beneficiaries of the EU budget face eachother. More equity in the sharing of expenditures and resources could be a mean to get out of these tough negociations. EU foreign policy is another example of a policy determined by national interests, which didn’t prevent the EU to develop a common defence policy as far as it remains compatible with NATO and the US Strategy. Having revisited the European integration through these national preferences, this thesis questions in conclusion the links between the EU, the European space and the European power
Wabo-Nokam, Vivien Narcisse. "Essais sur l'efficacité des politiques budgétaires en union monétaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G019.
Full textThe inability of monetary policy to effectively stabilize the economy during the 2008 economic and financial crises has led to a global economic sphere of budgetary activism in recent years, which can be traced back to the "glorious thirty". This has been revived in the literature through the effectiveness of discretionary fiscal policies. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the effectiveness of fiscal policies on macroeconomic stabilization in monetary union more precisely in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). For, despite an abundant empirical literature review, there is still considerable uncertainies about the extent and direction of the effects of discretionary fiscal policy, particularly in developing countries, which has somehow been marginalized. In pursuit of this objective, apart from the introductory chapter, this thesis is organized around three main empirical chapters (essays) : a first empirical chapter that analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks on economic activity ; a second empirical chapter that analyzes the macroeconomic effects of fiscal consolidations ; and a third empirical chapter that examines the cyclicality of fiscal policy in the CEMAC zone. Empirical results from the first empirical chapter shows that, the size of fiscal multipliers is less than unity in all CEMAC countries, and that the effects of fiscal policy shocks on different macroeconomic variables (Economic growth, private consumption, private investment, inflation) vary considerably from one country to another, but still remain positive for public spending and negative for tax revenues most of the time. After having identifing the different episodes of fiscal consolidation, the empirical analysis of the second trial reveals that fiscal consolidations in the CEMAC zone depends essentially on its economic situation and its previous state of public finances, and that they have an overall Keynesian effect on economic activities. The results of the third empirical chapter indicates that fiscal policy is, on average, procyclical in the CEMAC zone, and secondly that this procyclicality is mainly explained by its economic and socio-political factors