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Journal articles on the topic 'Cree children – Abuse of'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Hodgkins, Kylie A., Frances R. Crawford, and William R. Budiselik. "The Halls Creek Way of Residential Child Care: Protecting Children is Everyone's Business." Children Australia 38, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2013.5.

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This paper describes the collaboration between an Aboriginal community and Western Australia's (WA) Department for Child Protection (DCP) in designing and operating a residential child care facility in a predominantly Aboriginal community. Research literature has established that the effective operation of child protection systems in remote Aboriginal communities requires practitioners and policy-makers to have awareness of local and extra-local cultural, historical and contemporary social factors in nurturing children. This ethnographic case study describes how a newspaper campaign heightened public and professional awareness of child abuse in the town of Halls Creek, in WA's Kimberley region. With its largely Aboriginal population, Halls Creek lacked the infrastructure to accommodate an inflow of regional people. Homelessness, neglect and poverty were widespread. Within a broader government and local response, DCP joined with community leaders to plan out of home care for children. Detailed are the importance and complexities of negotiating between universal standardised models of care and local input. Strategies for building positive relationships with children's family while strengthening both parenting capacity and community acceptance, and use of the facility are identified. Key to success was the development of a collaborative ‘third-space’ for threading together local and professional child protection knowledge.

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2

Heath, Laura M., Jill Torrie, and Kathryn J. Gill. "Mental Health in the Cree Peoples of Northern Quebec: Relationships Among Trauma, Familial Psychological Distress, and Mood or Anxiety Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718784938.

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Objective: This study examined the physical and mental health of Cree adults, as well as the personal, clinical, and environmental factors associated with the presence of lifetime anxiety and mood disorders. Methods: Mental health was assessed using the computerised version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CDIS-IV), and standardised instruments were used to assess physical health, addiction severity, and psychological distress in 506 randomly selected participants from 4 Northern Cree communities in Quebec. Results: Overall, 46.1% of participants reported chronic medical problems, 42.1% were current smokers and 34.5% met the DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety or mood disorder. Individuals with an anxiety or mood disorder were younger, predominantly female, and with higher educational levels, and a large proportion (47.7%) met the lifetime criteria for substance dependence. Hierarchical regression determined that anxiety or mood disorders were associated with serious problems getting along with parents, a history of physical and sexual abuse, and a lifetime diagnosis of substance dependence. Overall, 29.7% of Cree adults reported sexual abuse, 47.1% physical abuse, and 52.9% emotional abuse. Conclusions: This study highlights the high rates of physical and mental health problems in Cree communities and the association among parental history of psychological problems, history of abuse, and psychological distress. Participants expressed a desire for additional medical and psychological treatments to address the patterns of abuse, trauma, and mental disorders that are burdening the Cree communities in Northern Quebec.

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3

Bird, Elizabeth Kay-Raining, and Delores Kluppel Vetter. "Storytelling in Chippewa-Cree Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 6 (December 1994): 1354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3706.1354.

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The structure and content of self-generated narratives were compared for 20 traditional and 20 nontraditional Chippewa-Cree children in four age groups (5, 7, 9, and 11 years). A majority of the stories contained temporally and causally related events and goal-based action. MLT-unit of the narratives was longer and highly structured stories were constructed more frequently with increasing age. The two traditionality groups differed developmentally in their use of obstacles and causally connected episodes. The stories of 11-year-old traditional children were significantly more likely to contain these elements than their 5-year-old counterparts, whereas similar comparisons for nontraditional children revealed no such developmental change. In terms of story content, intrapersonal obstacles were found to be employed by the oldest groups only and were used more frequently by these Chippewa-Cree children than had been previously reported (e.g., Stein, 1988). Several later-developing aspects of story content were identified that seemed to reflect a Cree cultural influence. These results provide evidence for the use of episodic structure by Chippewa-Cree children, but suggest that the developmental course for particular story structure and content can vary as a function of culture.

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4

Pintarics, Joe, and Karen Sveinunggaard. "Meenoostahtan Minisiwin: First Nations Family Justice "Pathways to Peace"." First Peoples Child & Family Review 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069539ar.

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Community justice initiatives are now common in Canada, both for young offenders and in adult criminal cases; there are only a few examples of alternative methods for dealing with justice issues in the area of mandated child welfare services. The initiative outlined in this paper represents one of the most comprehensive family justice initiatives in First Nations Child and Family Services in Canada. Meenoostahtan Minisiwin: First Nations Family Justice offers a new way of addressing conflict in child and family matters, outside of the regular Child and Family Services (CFS) and court systems. It incorporates the traditional peacemaking role that has existed for centuries in Northern Manitoba Cree communities, alongside contemporary family mediation. The program brings together family, extended family, community members, Elders, social workers and community service providers in the resolution of child protection concerns through the use of properly trained Okweskimowewak (family mediators). The Okweskimowewak’s role involves assisting participants to articulate their personal ‘truth’ (dabwe) and to hear and respect the dabwe of others; to create a safe and nurturing context by addressing inherent power imbalances; to explore the root causes of family conflict in order to address the long term best interests of children; and to facilitate innovative and collaborative planning outcomes for families. The program was developed by the Awasis Agency of Northern Manitoba, a mandated First Nations Child and Family Services agency, although it receives its services mandate from the Manitoba Keewatinowi Okimakanak (MKO) Exectuive. It is jointly funded by the Aboriginal Justice Strategy of Justice Canada and the Manitoba Department of Family Services and Housing. Overall direction for the program is provided by the First Nations Family Justice Committee, a sub-committee of the MKO Exectuive Director of Awasis Agency, and representative chiefs of the MKO region. The program currently employs a Program Coordinator, two full time regional Okweskimowewak, two full time community-based Okweskimowewak and an administrative assistant. Since its inception in 1999, the program has received referrals involving more than seven hundred families, including well over 1900 children and 1500 volunteer participants. Services have been provided in seventeen First Nation communities in Northern Manitoba as well as in Thompson, Winnipeg, The Pas, and Gillam. The Meenoostahtan Minisiwin program responds to all aspects of mandated child welfare, as well as other situations where the best interests of children are in jeopardy. These have included mediating care placement arrangements; child-parent conflicts; family-agency or family-agency-system conflicts; assisting in the development of service plans in neglect and abuse cases; advocating on behalf of families attempting to access services; family violence; larger community-wide conflicts; and working to address systemic problems which impact the lives of First Nations children and families. We believe that by establishing processes which focus on restoring balance and harmony within families and communities, we are working towards an overall increase in the health and wellness of community members. And you who would understand justice, How shall you, unless you Look upon all deeds In the fullness of light? Only then shall you know that the erect And the fallen are but one man standing in The twilight between the Night of his pigmy-self And the day of his god-self. K. Gibran

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5

Phillips, M. J., C. A. Ackerley, R. A. Superina, R. M. Filler, E. A. Roberts, and G. A. Levy. "Excess zinc associated with severe progressive cholestasis in Cree and Ojibwa-Cree children." Lancet 347, no. 9005 (March 1996): 866–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91347-1.

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6

Black, Deborah N., Gordon V. Watters, Eva Andermann, Charles Dumont, Michel E. Kabay, Paige Kaplan, Kathleen Meagher-Villemure, et al. "Encephalitis among cree children in northern Quebec." Annals of Neurology 24, no. 4 (October 1988): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410240402.

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7

Maranzan, K. Amanda, Roseanna Hudson, Rosemary Scofich, Melody McGregor, and Rachel Seguin. "“It’s a lot of work, and I’m still doing it”: Indigenous perceptions of help after sexual abuse and sexual violence." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13, no. 1 (August 23, 2018): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v13i1.30312.

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This project used a sequential exploratory design to learn about what Canadian Indigenous people found helpful for dealing with the impacts of sexual abuse and sexual violence, as well as facilitators and barriers to service use. Participants resided in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada and identified primarily as Ojibway, Oji-Cree, Cree, and Métis. Talking Circles and individual interviews were integrated with quantitative survey data. The Medicine Wheel was used to organize and describe findings. Spiritual practices included meeting with Elders, attending ceremonies, being outside, teachings, Healing Circles, and using Traditional Healers and Traditional Medicines. Emotional practices included connection, listening and being listened to, validation, cultural connections, self-reflection, belonging, and help with grieving. Physical practices included fasting, having a safe place to go, and sobriety, while mental practices included learning and understanding, non-judgement, learning coping skills, and being persistent. Findings reinforce that supports for sexual abuse/violence must be conceptualized beyond formal supports and be inclusive of the spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical practices used by Indigenous peoples.

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8

Downs, Shauna M., Dru Marshall, Carmina Ng, and Noreen D. Willows. "Central adiposity and associated lifestyle factors in Cree children." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 3 (June 2008): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h08-027.

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Aboriginal children are prone to central adiposity (CA), a component of the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine if lifestyle factors were associated with CA in Canadian Cree children. Children aged 9–12 years were classified as having CA if their waist circumference met or exceeded the 85th percentile of the NHANES III reference. Weight status was determined using the CDC growth reference, dietary intake using three 24 h dietary recalls, physical activity using pedometers, and fitness by completion of the 20 m shuttle run test. Of the 178 children (79% participation rate), 32.6% were normal weight, 23.6% were overweight, and 43.8% were obese. Half (52.2%) of the children had CA (97.4% of obese children, 35.7% of overweight children, and 2.2% of normal weight children). Waist circumference was negatively correlated with pedometer step counts (r = –0.187, p = 0.012) and shuttle run time (r = –0.508, p < 0.001). In children with CA, waist circumference was positively correlated with sweetened beverage intake (r = 0.250, p = 0.016). The odds ratio (adjusted for age and sex) for CA for children consuming 3 or more fruits and vegetables per day was 0.43 (95% CI 0.18 – 0.98), for meeting step recommendations for a healthy body weight was 0.45 (95% CI 0.24 – 0.84), and for relative fitness was 0.12 (95% CI 0.04 – 0.33). CA was prevalent in children who were overweight and obese. Preventive strategies might include promoting a healthy diet, physical activity, and fitness.

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9

Henderson, J. Frank. "Abuse of Children." Journal of Religion & Abuse 8, no. 1 (July 20, 2006): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j154v08n01_05.

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10

Ng, Carmina, Dru Marshall, and Noreen Willows. "Obesity, adiposity, physical fitness and activity levels in cree children." International Journal of Circumpolar Health 65, no. 4 (September 18, 2006): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v65i4.18124.

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11

Harrison, R. L., J. Veronneau, and B. Leroux. "Effectiveness of Maternal Counseling in Reducing Caries in Cree Children." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 11 (September 13, 2012): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512459758.

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12

Bannister, Anne, and Eileen Gallagher. "Children who sexually abuse other children." Journal of Sexual Aggression 2, no. 2 (July 1996): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552609608413259.

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13

Leconte, Marie. "(Non)Translation as Resistance in Tomson Highway's Kiss of the Fur Queen." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 10, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29381.

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After a brief explanation regarding the author’s settle-scholar status in regard of interpreting Indigenous texts, Tomson Highway’s novel Kiss of the Fur Queen is examined as a ‘first translation’ in which untranslatability plays the main role. The term ‘first translation’ will be defined, and a deliberately refined definition of a hybrid text will be reviewed through the lens of several Indigenous scholars. Then, following a brief description of Highway’s novel, the paper will envisage its translatory nature from the point of view of three narrative strategies: 1) The insertion of Cree lexical elements within the text. Here, in a codified manner, Highway forces the reader to grasp the importance his mother tongue has in understanding the novel’s complexities. 2) This is followed by a section on the use of Cree mythology within the narrative. Gerald Vizenor’s use of Bakhtin becomes a useful tool in accessing the idea of two consciousnesses through the intertwining of the fantastic and mythology. 3) And finally, the linguistic challenge of cultural contact within the story itself is examined. From the foreignness of English, quite literally attached to the sound of the language, to the inability of expressing the reality of abuse endured in residential school in Cree, the protagonists push up against irreconcilable cultural/linguistic worlds. Put together, these three different narrative strategies come together to form a langue culture, to use Henri Meschonnic’s term.

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14

Riverin, Bruno, Eric Dewailly, Suzanne Côté, Louise Johnson-Down, Suzanne Morin, and Sylvie Dodin. "Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among healthy school-age Cree children." Paediatrics & Child Health 19, no. 3 (March 2014): e15-e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/19.3.e15.

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15

Glick, J. C., M. A. Lorand, and K. R. Bilka. "Physical Abuse of Children." Pediatrics in Review 37, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2015-0012.

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16

Ahn, Myoung Ock. "Sexual Abuse of Children." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 45, no. 11 (2002): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2002.45.11.1312.

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17

Meyers, Amy. "Emotional Abuse of Children." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.23.1.br293.

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18

Adler, Robert. "Sexual abuse of children." Medical Journal of Australia 142, no. 12 (June 1985): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113550.x.

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19

Berkowitz, Carol D. "Physical Abuse of Children." New England Journal of Medicine 376, no. 17 (April 27, 2017): 1659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp1701446.

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20

Levitt, Carolyn J. "Sexual abuse in children." Postgraduate Medicine 80, no. 2 (August 1986): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1986.11699495.

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21

Forsythe, Elizabeth. "Sexual Abuse of Children." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 81, no. 6 (June 1988): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688808100625.

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22

&NA;. "Children and Animal Abuse." Nurse Practitioner 29, no. 9 (September 2004): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200409000-00009.

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23

Luke, Susan. "Children: Suspected child abuse." British Journal of Nursing 4, no. 16 (September 14, 1995): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1995.4.16.975.

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24

Appleton, Jane V., and Peter Sidebotham. "Physical Abuse of Children." Child Abuse Review 26, no. 6 (November 2017): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/car.2505.

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25

Gabby, Tina. "Sexual Abuse of Children." American Journal of Diseases of Children 146, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160180058017.

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26

Behar, David. "Ritual Abuse of Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (November 1991): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199111000-00026.

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27

Shopper, Moisy. "Ritual Abuse of Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (November 1991): 1023–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199111000-00027.

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28

Nurcombe, Barry. "Ritual Abuse of Children." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (November 1991): 1024–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199111000-00028.

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29

Kelley, Susan J. "RITUALISTIC ABUSE OF CHILDREN." Pediatric Emergency Care 5, no. 4 (December 1989): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-198912000-00078.

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30

Bentovim, A. "Sexual abuse of children." BMJ 292, no. 6532 (May 24, 1986): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6532.1394.

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31

Davies, Pamela. "Protecting children from abuse." Criminal Justice Matters 88, no. 1 (June 2012): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627251.2012.695507.

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32

Wright, C. M. "Sexual abuse in children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.63.4.459-a.

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33

Sirotnak, A. P., T. Grigsby, and R. D. Krugman. "Physical Abuse of Children." Pediatrics in Review 25, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.25-8-264.

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34

Johnson, C. F. "Sexual Abuse in Children." Pediatrics in Review 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.27-1-17.

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35

Aly, Sanaa M., Ahmed Omran, Jean-Michel Gaulier, and Delphine Allorge. "Substance abuse among children." Archives de Pédiatrie 27, no. 8 (November 2020): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2020.09.006.

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36

James, Astrid. "Abuse of disabled children." Lancet 341, no. 8844 (February 1993): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90310-d.

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37

Castiglia, Patricia T. "Sexual abuse of children." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 4, no. 2 (March 1990): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5245(90)90094-m.

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38

De Jong, Allan R., and Martin A. Finkel. "Sexual abuse of children." Current Problems in Pediatrics 20, no. 9 (September 1990): 493–567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-9380(90)90005-l.

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39

Rappley, Marsha D., and Susan Woolford. "Abuse and Neglect of Children III: Sexual Abuse." Medical Update for Psychiatrists 3, no. 1 (January 1998): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1082-7579(97)00084-8.

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40

Shaikh, Sabana, and Rubena Ali Malik. "Safeguarding children." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738021995851.

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It is the duty of every healthcare professional to ensure they prioritise the welfare of a child by protecting them from physical or psychological harm. Forms of child abuse include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A child subjected to emotional abuse or neglect can present with ambiguous symptoms, making the abuse difficult to detect. Safeguarding concerns must be acted upon according to local procedures, guided by the child safeguarding lead and the practice safeguarding policy. Safeguarding multidisciplinary meetings can be an effective way of communicating with various professionals involved with the family.

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41

Goddard, Chris. "The abuse of children continues: Protecting children from abuse by professionals, Part Four." Children Australia 19, no. 2 (1994): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003977.

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The recent articles (Goddard 1993a; 1993b; 1994), describing in some detail the battle of the woman who refused to ignore the abuse of her child by a school teacher, have provoked a number of telephone calls and letters. A number of people have praised the tenacity and courage of the mother in continuing to battle against the bureaucracy.One mother has given permission to publish her story of similar experiences in attempting to get the bureaucracy to pay attention to the rights of children to protection. It is of great concern to me that, six years after first writing about this (Goddard 1988), the responses of organisations do not appear to have greatly changed.Where a staff member is accused of abusing a child, the organisations still appear to be more concerned with protecting themselves rather than protecting the vulnerable children (Hechler 1988).I would like to take this opportunity to repeat the questions I asked last year: Why are parents, who do know or suspect that their children are being abused, treated so badly when they attempt to report?Why do services appear to be concerned with protecting the perpetrator rather than protecting the child?Why do such cases so often deteriorate into direct personal attacks on the parents (or professionals) who are trying to stop the abuse?(Goddard 1993a:41)

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42

Millar, Kyle, and Heather J. Dean. "Developmental Origins of Type 2 Diabetes in Aboriginal Youth in Canada: It Is More Than Diet and Exercise." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/127452.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classically viewed as a disease of adults caused by poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and obesity. However, with increasing awareness of the heterogeneity of T2DM, new risk factors are being identified that add complexity. Some of these new risk factors have been identified in Canadian people with Aboriginal Oji-Cree heritage, a group that demonstrates one of the highest rates of T2DM in the world. This high prevalence may be due to the rapid change, over the past 50 years, away from their traditional way of life on the land. Another environmental change is the increased rate of pregnancies complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes, or T2DM, resulting in more children being exposed to an abnormal intrauterine environment. Furthermore, the Oji-Cree of central Canada possesses the unique HNF-1αG319S polymorphism associated with reduced insulin secretion. We propose that intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity and T2DM, associated with the HNF-1αG319S polymorphism, results in fetal programming that accelerates the progression of early-onset T2DM. This paper describes the evolution of T2DM in children with a focus on the Oji-Cree people over the past 25 years and the unique prenatal and postnatal gene-environment interaction causing early-onset T2DM.

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43

Lucey, Jerrold. "Abuse of people trying to protect children from abuse." Lancet 358, no. 9292 (November 2001): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06616-8.

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44

Hey, Edmund, and Iain Chalmers. "Abuse of people trying to protect children from abuse." Lancet 358, no. 9295 (November 2001): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06834-9.

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45

Bah, Yahya Muhammed. "Drug abuse among street children." COUNS-EDU: The International Journal of Counseling and Education 4, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/0020190416610.

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In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analysed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it is mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behaviour, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behaviour including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.

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46

김유리. "Children with Disabilities and Abuse." Korean Journal of Physical, Multiple, & Health Disabilities 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20971/kcpmd.2009.52.2.189.

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47

Mckie, David. "Children at Risk of Abuse." Lancet 327, no. 8490 (May 1986): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91882-9.

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48

Faller, Kathleen C. "Women Who Sexually Abuse Children." Violence and Victims 2, no. 4 (January 1987): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.4.263.

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This article describes a clinical sample of 40 women who sexually abused 63 children. Sixty percent of the female perpetrators victimized two or more children. Almost three-fourths of these women sexually maltreated children in polyincestuous family situations. More than four-fifths were mothers to at least one of their victims. The most common form of sexual activity was group sex; the next most common was fondling. The mean age of these women was a little over 26; they were poor and poorly educated. Their victims were also young, having a mean age of 6.4 years at the time the case was identified. About two-thirds of the victims were female and one-third were male. Female perpetrators evidenced marked difficulties in psychological and social functioning. About half had mental problems, both retardation and psychotic illness. More than half had chemical dependency problems, and close to three-fourths had maltreated their victims in other ways in addition to the sexual abuse.

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Scarlett, Jean. "The Sexual Abuse of Children." British Journal of Psychotherapy 3, no. 4 (June 1987): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1987.tb00987.x.

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Laposata, Martha E., and Michael Laposata. "Children With Signs of Abuse." Pathology Patterns Reviews 123, suppl_1 (June 1, 2005): S119—S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/h3a67lj702jq7yah.

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