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1
Mahasutra, I. Ketut Gede Pringgatama Bintang, and I. Putu Suyasa Ariputra. "Efektivitas Ngaben Kremasi di Krematorium Bebalang Bangli." Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi 13, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/sphatika.v13i2.2216.
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This research is motivated by the condition of Balinese society which is increasingly modern with the influence of technology so that it has an impact on Balinese traditions and culture, especially the Ngaben Ceremony. Currently, conventional cremation ceremonies have been replaced with cremation cremations through crematoriums, one of which is the crematorium in the Bangli area, namely the Bebalang Crematrium. The crematorium cremation, which has many differences, raises questions about how effective the implementation of the crematorium cremation is and how the Pakraman village responds to the new tradition. This study also reveals the various reasons people have for holding a crematorium cremation ceremony. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the Ngaben crematorium and the response of the Pakraman village in responding to changes in the Ngaben tradition. The research uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach, data collection through interviews, observations and literature studies. The results obtained in the study are that crematorium cremations are effective to be carried out in today's modern era which requires everything to be practical and efficient, Pakraman village The reason people choose to do Ngaben in the crematorium is also based on several factors including socio-cultural factors, social structure factors, factors economy, labor and time factors as well as certain condition factors in a region. So far, the awig-awig prevailing in Pakraman village does not limit the existence of crematorium cremations and the ceremony is adjusted to the times, not because an individual is subject to customary sanctions or other things. In carrying out the crematorium cremation, the Pakraman village community is also invited to attend as a symbol of harmony and maintain good relations between individuals and the community so as to minimize the risk of offence or misunderstanding.
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De Mulder, Guy, Mark Van Strydonck, Mathieu Boudin, and Ignace Bourgeois. "Unraveling the Occupation History of the Cremation Cemetery at Wijnegem/Blikstraat (Belgium)." Radiocarbon 59, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 1645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.109.
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ABSTRACTRecently a cremation cemetery was excavated at the site of Wijnegem where 29 cremation graves and 9 funerary monuments were uncovered. Thirty radiocarbon (14C) dates were carried out, mostly on cremated bone but also 10 charcoal samples were dated. Twenty-four cremations were studied. Four ring ditches were dated by charcoal samples from the infill of the ditch. The 14C dates showed an interesting long-term occupation of the cemetery. Different phases were ascertained. The history of the cemetery starts in the northern part of the site around a circular funerary monument. Two cremations were dated at the transition of the Early to Middle Bronze Ages. Two other graves represent the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Ages. The main occupation period dates between the end of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Finally, an isolated cremation grave marks the definite abandonment of the site during the Late Iron Age.
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van der Smissen, Doris, Margaret A. Steenbakker, Martin J. M. Hoondert, and Menno M. van Zaanen. "Music and cremation rituals in The Netherlands: A fine-grained analysis of a crematorium’s playlist." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 806–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy068.
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Abstract Although music is an important part of cremation rituals, there is hardly any research regarding music and cremations. This lack of research has inspired the authors to conduct a long-term research project, focusing on musical and linguistic aspects of music played during cremations. This article presents the analysis of a playlist consisting of twenty-five sets of music, each consisting of three tracks, used in a crematorium in the south of The Netherlands from 1986 onward. The main objective is to identify the differences and similarities of the twenty-five sets of musical tracks regarding content and musical properties. Consequently, we aim to provide insight in the history of (music played during) cremation rituals in The Netherlands. To analyze the musical properties of the sets, the authors use both a qualitative approach (close reading and musical analysis) and a computational analysis approach. The article demonstrates that a combination of a close reading and musical analysis and a computational analysis is necessary to explain the differences in properties of the sets. The presented multi-method approach may allow for comparisons against musical preferences in the context of current cremations, which makes it possible to trace the development of music and cremation rituals.
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Kurila, Laurynas. "MIRUSIŲJŲ DEGINIMO PAPROČIO PLITIMAS RYTŲ LIETUVOJE: NAUJAS CHRONOLOGINIS MODELIS, PAREMTAS RADIOKARBONINIO DATAVIMO DUOMENIMIS." Lietuvos archeologija Lietuvos archeologija T. 48 (December 31, 2022): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386514-048005.
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The article discusses the model of the spread of cremation in the East Lithuanian barrow culture based on the data of radiocarbon dating. It proposes a review of the model established in literature that a wave of cremation spread from the south of the region to the north between the late 4th century AD and of the early 6th century AD. The stage of the earliest cremations can be dated to 248–335 cal AD, and the stage of the latest inhumations to 420–556 cal AD. This suggests that both inhumation and cremation were practised in Eastern Lithuania for about two centuries from the Late Roman period to the Late Migration period. The hypothesis that the practice of cremation spread from south to north is being corrected rather than refuted. While this process was quite sudden, it was due to the spread of a new tradition alongside the old rather than a wave of change regarding burial rites. Cremation spread early (c. 250–400 cal AD) in the northern part of the region and was an established practice alongside inhumation. The practice of cremation probably became prevalent earlier in Southeastern Lithuania. These processes are synchronous with the emergence of the horizon of the burials of chieftains and warriors in Eastern Lithuania, but the determination of an earlier date for this horizon provides grounds for new discussions about its historical, cultural, and social background. Keywords: radiocarbon dating, East Lithuanian barrows, burial customs, inhumation, cremation.
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Stead, S. "Appendix I: Report on the Cremations from Sarn-Y-Bryn-Caled, Welshpool, Powys." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60, S1 (1994): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00078336.
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The adults appear to be healthy and relatively young. None has vertebral degeneration nor any trace of osteoarthritis. There is no dental pathology. As for age deduced from dental attrition, only the primary cremation from the timber circle (site 1) and cremation 3 from site 2 have useful molar crown fragments (either first or second). Both show some flattening of die occlusal surface but with wear limited to level 3. This would give an age of 17-25 if first molars and 25-35 if second - in any case an upper limit of 35. The secondary cremation in the timber circle (site 1) and cremation 1 in the floor of the southern ditch terminal of site 2 arc young adults between 17 and 25.The sexing of cremations in general has to be prefaced with a ‘probable’ because of the absence of the relevant pelvic remains, Le. the complete girdle with sub-pubic angle, etc.
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Cameron, Kirsty, and Melanie Johnson. "An Early Bronze Age unenclosed cremation cemetery and Mesolithic pit at Skilmafilly, near Maud, Aberdeenshire." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 53 (2012): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2012.53.1-53.
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An unenclosed Early Bronze Age cremation cemetery was excavated by CFA Archaeology Ltd (CFA) during a watching brief associated with the construction of a natural gas pipeline from St Fergus to Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire (NGR: NJ 9088 3990), in the summer of 2001. The cremation cemetery contained 41 pits, 29 of which contained cremated human bone, and 11 of these were associated with Collared or Cordoned Urns. The cremations have been radiocarbon dated, through a combination of charcoal and bone apatite, to 2040 to 1500 BC, and the cemetery is the most comprehensively dated in Britain of this period. A variety of grave goods were recovered, including a pair of Golden Eagle talons and a flint foliate knife. A large Mesolithic pit was found in the same location as the cremation pits and was dated to 4510–3970 BC.
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Bugajska, Karolina. "Cremation Burials of Stone Age Hunter-Gatherers on the European Plain." Światowit, no. 59 (June 27, 2021): 15–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.59.4.
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Cremation burials of Stone Age hunter-gatherers were found at 21 sites across the European Plain (including southern Scandinavia). In total, there are 54 graves and deposits containing bones of at least 89 individuals. Sites with Mesolithic cremations are unevenly spread over the European Plain and there are some regions where this type of burial was more common, such as the Seine Valley and the Low Countries, southern Scandinavia or north-eastern Poland. In all of these regions, the oldest burials are dated to the Early Mesolithic, which indicates a parallel and independent origin of this custom. Moreover, each region or even cemetery has its own features of the cremation rite. In both the Western European Plain and southern Scandinavia, most burials are dated to the Middle Mesolithic and there are only a few examples linked to the Late Mesolithic. North-eastern Poland, including the Dudka cemetery, is probably the only region where cremation was practised on a wider scale in the Late Mesolithic and para-Neolithic. The share of cremations among all burial types differs between regions and cemeteries. It was probably a dominant practice in the Middle Mesolithic in the Netherlands. In other cases, cremation probably involved a large part of the local hunter-gatherer society, for instance at the Dudka cemetery in Masuria or in the Middle Mesolithic of Vedbæk Fiord (Zealand), whereas at the cemeteries in Skateholm it amounted to only a few percent, suggesting that it was practised in the case of the deceased of particular status or in unusual circumstances only.
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Salova, Yulia, Darya Petrova, Elena Ponomarenko, and Vitaly Kondrashin. "Pyre Fuel for the Cremations of the Middle of the First Millennium AD in the Middle Volga Region." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp214109123.
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The paper presents results of charcoal and macrofossil analysis of the cremation burial grounds of the Imenkovo culture that occupied the Middle Volga region in 400—650 CE. We analyzed assemblages from four necropolises: Bogorodski, Maklasheevka 4, Komarovka and a burial ground from Zhigulevsk 2 site. Charred remains were recorded at the bottom of burials, among cremated bones or in the in-fill of graves and mortuary vessels. The assemblages contained charcoal, caryopses and stems of millet and cereals, seeds and stems of grasses and weeds, and shoots of thorny shrubs. The size of the charcoal pieces did not exceed 3 cm, being much smaller in most burials. The species composition of charcoal from cremations indicates that all locally-available woody taxa were used for the funeral pyre, instead of choosing certain types of trees for ritual purposes. Thus, the composition of the cremation fuel reflected the vegetation composition of the encasing landscape. Dominant charred taxa in the Imenkovo cremations were Tilia and Betula (linden and birch), the typical components of the “slash-and-burn landscape” of the Middle Volga region during this period. Despite the fact that all the burial grounds were located at the higher grounds in the landscape, the presence of riverine taxa — Alnus, Salix, and Ulmus (willow, alder and elm) and abundance of charred herbaceous remains in the charcoal spectra points at floodplains or mouths of gullies as a probable location of cremation platforms. An important detail of the funeral rite, revealed by the research, is placing unhulled millet, soaked and germinated before cremation, into the funeral pyre.
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Илюшин, А. М. "MEDIEVAL CREMATIONS IN THE KUZNETSK DEPRESSION (TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 266 (October 4, 2022): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.266.335-345.
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В статье представлен опыт типологической классификации и исследование хронологии трупосожжений V-XIV вв., обнаруженных при раскопках погребальных памятников в Кузнецкой котловине на территории Верхнего Приобья. Обобщается информация о выявленных случаях кремации на средневековых некрополях. Предлагаются критерии для классификации этих материалов и суммарно выделяются три группы и тринадцать типов в погребальном обряде кремации. Проводятся определение периодов бытования каждого выделенного типа и их сравнительный анализ. Было выявлено, что на всем протяжении исследуемого времени в количественном выражении господствующей группой кремации является сожжение на стороне с последующим погребением останков, а две другие группы кремации на месте погребения и комбинированные (на месте и стороне) появляются и функционируют на локальных территориях преимущественно в развитом Средневековье. The paper describes experience in typological classification and the study of cremations dating to the 5th-14th centuries discovered during excavations of burial sites in the Kuznetsk Depression in the Upper Ob region. It summarizes the information on identified cases of human cremation in medieval cemeteries. The paper offers criteria for classification of cremated human remains and singles out three groups and 13 types of funerary cremation rites. It also defines the periods when each identified type was practiced and performs their comparative analysis. It was found that throughout the studied period cremation on a pyre with subsequent burial of remains is the predominant group of cremation in terms of the cases identified, while two other cremation groups, i.e. cremation at the burial place, and mixed cases (at the burial place and on a pyre), emerged and were used locally predominantly in the High Middle Ages.
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Postill, Gemma, Regan Murray, Andrew S. Wilton, Richard A. Wells, Renee Sirbu, Mark J. Daley, and Laura Rosella. "The Use of Cremation Data for Timely Mortality Surveillance During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada: Validation Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): e32426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32426.
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Background Early estimates of excess mortality are crucial for understanding the impact of COVID-19. However, there is a lag of several months in the reporting of vital statistics mortality data for many jurisdictions, including across Canada. In Ontario, a Canadian province, certification by a coroner is required before cremation can occur, creating real-time mortality data that encompasses the majority of deaths within the province. Objective This study aimed to validate the use of cremation data as a timely surveillance tool for all-cause mortality during a public health emergency in a jurisdiction with delays in vital statistics data. Specifically, this study aimed to validate this surveillance tool by determining the stability, timeliness, and robustness of its real-time estimation of all-cause mortality. Methods Cremation records from January 2020 until April 2021 were compared to the historical records from 2017 to 2019, grouped according to week, age, sex, and whether COVID-19 was the cause of death. Cremation data were compared to Ontario’s provisional vital statistics mortality data released by Statistics Canada. The 2020 and 2021 records were then compared to previous years (2017-2019) to determine whether there was excess mortality within various age groups and whether deaths attributed to COVID-19 accounted for the entirety of the excess mortality. Results Between 2017 and 2019, cremations were performed for 67.4% (95% CI 67.3%-67.5%) of deaths. The proportion of cremated deaths remained stable throughout 2020, even within age and sex categories. Cremation records are 99% complete within 3 weeks of the date of death, which precedes the compilation of vital statistics data by several months. Consequently, during the first wave (from April to June 2020), cremation records detected a 16.9% increase (95% CI 14.6%-19.3%) in all-cause mortality, a finding that was confirmed several months later with cremation data. Conclusions The percentage of Ontarians cremated and the completion of cremation data several months before vital statistics did not change meaningfully during the COVID-19 pandemic period, establishing that the pandemic did not significantly alter cremation practices. Cremation data can be used to accurately estimate all-cause mortality in near real-time, particularly when real-time mortality estimates are needed to inform policy decisions for public health measures. The accuracy of this excess mortality estimation was confirmed by comparing it with official vital statistics data. These findings demonstrate the utility of cremation data as a complementary data source for timely mortality information during public health emergencies.
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Reiter, Samantha S., Niels Algreen Møller, Bjarne Henning Nielsen, Jens-Henrik Bech, Anne-Louise Haack Olsen, Marie Louise Schjellerup Jørkov, Flemming Kaul, Ulla Mannering, and Karin M. Frei. "Into the fire: Investigating the introduction of cremation to Nordic Bronze Age Denmark: A comparative study between different regions applying strontium isotope analyses and archaeological methods." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0249476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249476.
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Changes in funerary practices are key to the understanding of social transformations of past societies. Over the course of the Nordic Bronze Age, funerary practices changed from inhumation to cremation. The aim of this study is to shed light on this fundamental change through a cross-examination of archaeometric provenance data and archaeological discussions of the context and layouts of early cremation graves. To this end, we conducted 19 new provenance analyses of strontium isotopes from Early Nordic Bronze age contexts in Thisted County and Zealand and Late Bronze Age contexts from Thisted County and Vesthimmerland (Denmark). These data are subsequently compared with data from other extant relevant studies, including those from Late Bronze Age Fraugde on the Danish island of Fyn. Overall, the variations within our provenience data suggest that the integration and establishment of cremation may not have had a one-to-one relationship with in-migration to Nordic Bronze Age Denmark. Moreover, there seems to be no single blanket scenario which dictated the uptake of cremation as a practice within this part of Southern Scandinavia. By addressing habitus in relation to the deposition of cremations as juxtaposed with these provenance data¸ we hypothesize several potential pathways for the uptake of cremation as a new cultural practice within the Danish Nordic Bronze Age and suggest that this may have been a highly individual process, whose tempo may have been dictated by the specificities of the region(s) concerned.
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Allen, Carol S. M., Mary Harman, and Hazel Wheeler. "Bronze Age Cremation Cemeteries in the East Midlands." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, no. 1 (1987): 187–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006198.
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Two Bronze Age cremation cemeteries excavated between 1968 and 1975 are reported and discussed. At Coneygre Farm, Notts., fifty-one cremations were excavated, thirty-one in pots, six in cists, and fourteen uncontained. Cremations were deposited in a roughly linear arrangement and no barrow was found. At Pasture Lodge Farm, Lincs., twenty-seven pots were found, of which twenty-five had associated cremations, and fifteen further sherds could represent burials. Vessels in this cemetery form a small cluster. Pottery from these two cemeteries is broadly similar to Deverel-Rimbury ware and with vessels from other sites in the region is considered to form an East Midlands group of Bronze Age pottery. Vessels of this type from Frieston and Grantham, Lincs., are illustrated for the first time. Examination of thin sections of the pottery from the two cemeteries suggests that most, although not all, of the materials used could have been found locally. Organic remains found in thin sections provide environmental information. The effect of soils on durability of pots and their probable function is discussed. A direct relationship is noticed for the first time between the age of the cremated individual and the capacity of the pot in which the cremation was deposited.
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Caswell, Edward, and Benjamin W. Roberts. "Reassessing Community Cemeteries: Cremation Burials in Britain during the Middle Bronze Age (c.1600–1150 calbc)." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 84 (October 8, 2018): 329–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2018.9.
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The Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600–1150 calbc) in Britain is traditionally understood to represent a major funerary transition. This is a transformation from a heterogeneous funerary rite, largely encompassing inhumations and cremations in burial mounds and often accompanied by grave goods, to a homogeneous and unadorned cremation-based practice. Despite a huge expansion in the number of well excavated, radiocarbon dated, and osteologically analysed sites in the last three decades, current interpretations of Middle Bronze Age cremation burials still rely upon a seminal paper by Ellison (1980), which proposed that they comprise and represent an entire community. This paper analyses 378 cremation sites containing at least 3133 burials which represent all those that can be confidently dated to the Middle Bronze Age in Britain. The new analysis demonstrates that relatively few sites can be characterised as community cemeteries and that there are substantially more contemporary settlement sites, though few contemporary settlements are in close proximity to the cemeteries. The identifiable characteristics of cremation-based funerary practices are consistent across Britain with little evidence for social differentiation at the point of burial. It is also evident that only a minority of the population received a cremation burial. There is a substantial decrease in archaeologically visible funerary activity from the preceding Early Bronze Age (c. 2200–1600 calbc) and a further decrease in the proceeding Late Bronze Age (c. 1150–800 calbc) in Britain. This is comparable in form, and partially in sequence, to Bronze Age funerary practices in Ireland and several regions in North-west Europe.
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Porro, Alessandro, Bruno Falconi, Carlo Cristini, Lorenzo Lorusso, and Antonia F. Franchini. "Modernity in medicine and hygiene at the end of the 19th century: the example of cremation." Journal of Public Health Research 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2012.e10.
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Medicine in the second half of the nineteenth century takes on some characteristics of <em>modernity</em>. These characteristics are worthy of our attention because they help us to understand better some of the current problems of hygiene and public health. One of the topics that was most discussed in the scientific-academic milieu of the second half of the nineteenth century was cremation. There was a poetic precedent: the cremation of Percy Bysse Shelley (1792-1822). The earliest apparatus to completely destroy the corpse was made in Italy and Germany in the 1870s. As far as hygiene was concerned, the reasons for cremation were not to pollute the water-bearing strata and an attempt to streamline the cemetery structure. As in an apparent schizophrenia, scientists of the day worked to both destroy and preserve corpses. There is also the unusual paradox that when the first cremations took place, the corpses were first preserved then to be destroyed later. The catholic world (mainly in Italy) and forensic scientists opposed cremation. It was left to the hygienists to spread the practice of cremation. An analysis of scientific literature shows us that if we leave out the related forensic and ethical problems, recent years have seen attention paid to any harmful emissions from crematoria equipment which have poured into the environment. Another issue is the assessment of inadvertent damage which may be caused by the condition of the corpse. Some topics, however, such as the need for preventive autopsies (first proposed in 1884 in Milan) are still a subject of debate, and seem to pass virtually unchanged from one generation to the next.
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Bugajska, Karolina. "Purified by fire." Documenta Praehistorica 50 (July 25, 2023): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.50.10.
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The cemetery at Dudka was used in the Mesolithic and Para-Neolithic period. It yielded 25 graves with remains of at least 116 individuals, including 52 who were cremated. Cremation was introduced in the Para-Neolithic, c. 4200 cal BC, and was probably a locally developed custom. Most cremations are dated to the classic Zedmar period, when the number of loose human bones also increased significantly, indicating the growing role of multi-step burial rites. Cremation could have been an alternative to temporary burial, i.e. bones were cleaned of soft tissue using fire, instead of waiting for their natural decomposition. Burned remains were selected and divided like bones taken from temporary burial places, then stored for a time before final disposal in the cemetery.
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Kravchenko, Eduard E. "About Cremation Burials in the Middle Reaches of the Seversky Donets River." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 2, no. 40 (June 27, 2022): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.2.40.56.71.
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The article discusses the presence in the middle reaches of the Seversky Donets River the Khazar burials carried out by the rite of cremation, which are known upstream of the river, within the forest-steppe. Previously, the only such burial ground in this, steppe, territory was considered "burial ground 2" of the archaeological complex Mayaki. In recent years, the discovery of three more necropolises in the steppe zone has been announced. The mapping of the complexes of "burial ground no. 2" on the monument's plan Mayaki shows that they are a series of pits scattered far apart from each other, including within the residential part of the settlement. The pits contain no calcified bones, burnt objects or other items relevant to cremation burials. There is no reason to attribute these complexes to a single burial ground, nor is there any reason to classify them as "cremations". Other sites (Bondarikha, Gosudarev Yar, Tatyanovka) are archaeological sites completely destroyed by looters. Thus, on the basis of these materials, there is no reason to claim the presence of cremation necropolises in the middle course of the Seversky Donets River.
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Rose, Helene Agerskov, John Meadows, and Mogens Bo Henriksen. "Bayesian Modeling of Wood-Age Offsets in Cremated Bone." Radiocarbon 62, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.3.
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ABSTRACTExperimental studies have shown that significant carbon exchange occurs between bone-apatite and the pyre atmosphere during cremation, which can cause a calendar date offset between the radiocarbon (14C) event and the date of cremation. There are limited empirical data available to assess the magnitude of such wood-age offsets, but the aim of this paper is to test if they can be modeled statistically. We present new 14C dates on modern bone cremated in realistic open-air experiments and on archaeological samples of cremated bone and associated organic material. Experimental results demonstrate a wide range of carbon exchange with a mean of 58.6 ± 14.8%. Archaeological results indicate that the wood-age offsets have an approximately exponential distribution. We test whether the default Charcoal Outlier_Model in OxCal v4.3, developed to reduce the impact of wood-age offsets in dates of charcoal, is appropriate for cremated bone, but find that it slightly underestimates apparent offsets. To counter the intrinsic age of both pyre fuel and unburned bio-apatite, we instead propose a bespoke Cremation Outlier_Model, which combines an exponential distribution of calendar age offsets with a minimum offset, and provides better estimates of the actual dates of cremations.
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Simpson, D. D. A., John M. Coles, and C. B. Denston. "Excavations at Grandtully, Perthshire." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 120 (November 30, 1991): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.120.33.44.
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The site is defined by a series of pits and scoops dug into a gravel terrace. Two phases of activity are represented, a Late Neolithic phase with pottery deposited, perhaps ritually, in a number of pits and a subsequent Early Bronze Age flat cemetery containing urned and simple cremation deposits. Includes a report on the cremations by C B Denston. Au
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De Mulder, Guy, Mark van Strydonck, Rica Annaert, and Mathieu Boudin. "A Merovingian Surprise: Early Medieval Radiocarbon Dates on Cremated Bone (Borsbeek, Belgium)." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047263.
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Radiocarbon dating of cremated bone is a well-established practice in the study of prehistoric cremation cemeteries since the introduction of the method in the late 1990s. 14C dates on the Late Bronze Age urnfield and Merovingian cemetery at Borsbeek in Belgium shed new light on Merovingian funerary practices. Inhumation was the dominant funerary rite in this period in the Austrasian region. In the Scheldt Valley, however, some cremations are known, termed Brandgrubengräber, which consist of the deposition of a mix of cremated bone and the remnants from the pyre in the grave pit. 14C dates from Borsbeek show that other ways of deposition of cremated bone in this period existed. In both cases, bones were selected from the pyre and wrapped in an organic container before being buried. Recent excavation and 14C dates from another Merovingian cemetery at Broechem confirmed the information about the burial rites and chronology from Borsbeek. This early Medieval practice of cremation rituals seems an indication of new arrivals of colonists from northern regions where cremation remained the dominant funerary rite. Another case at Borsbeek shows the reuse of a Late Bronze Age urn in the Merovingian period. This practice is known from Viking burials in Scandinavia, but was not ascertained until now in Flanders.
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Hudd, N. P. "Cremation certificates." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91, no. 9 (September 1998): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689809100926.
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Pearce, John. "Transforming cremation?" Antiquity 90, no. 350 (April 2016): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.30.
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Pfeifer, Gail M. "Cremation Urn." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 120, no. 5 (May 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000662800.77649.b4.
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Kumar, Devarakonda Harish, Endalkachew Mosisa, Lemi Negara, Edosa, Adugna, Jelata, Jabesa, and Dawit. "An Investigation into Green Influence on Materials and Mechanism of Water Cremation: Perspective Vision." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58944.
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Abstract: Water cremation is an ecologically sustainable burial option that uses 10% of the carbon footprint and 85% less energy than flame-based cremation. Water cremation does not emit as many toxic compounds, bacteria, and gases into the atmosphere as flames cremation. It employs fewer toxic chemicals than embalming fluids required for an earthen burial. Flame-based cremation may emit up to 150 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which has a substantial impact on the environment. As more individuals become aware of the negative consequences of traditional funeral practices, the popularity of green funerals grows. As more states adopt this affordable and environmentally responsible alternative, water cremation will only grow in popularity. It's an especially fitting way to remember exceptional loved ones who dedicated their lives to leading sustainable lifestyles. In a green cremation, the remains of the deceased individual are preserved. These are converted to ash and can be scattered, commemorated, or kept in an urn after being placed in a cremulator. Approximately 32% more ashes are produced by water cremation than by fire cremation. While water cremation produces a consistently white powder with a finer texture, conventional cremation produces a coarse, grayish-white hue. This might be useful if your family decides to disperse your loved one's ashes for memorial mementos or ash-scattering rituals among other family members.
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Mercer, Roger J., Magdalena S. Midgley, C. Burgess, C. Dickson, B. Finlayson, J. MacDonald, K. McSweeney, and R. Tipping. "The early Bronze Age cairn at Sketewan, Balnaguard, Perth & Kinross." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 127 (November 30, 1998): 281–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.127.281.338.
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The excavation of the cairn in 1988 revealed a complex sequence of EBA funerary activities. These comprised several episodes of pyre cremation, construction of a large central cist, and six smaller satellite cists all of which had cremations deposited within them. This `cemetery' area was later surrounded by an eccentrically positioned ring-cairn which, subsequently, was covered by a massive mantle of stones. Burial and other ceremonial activities continued in the vicinity of the cairn, taking the form of further cremation deposits within a succession of at least three ring-groove palisade, and a minor cairn finally covered these structures as well. Two final cremations in pits atop this cairn, marked by small upright boulders, attest the longevity of the funerary tradition associated with this monument. There are specialist reports on: `The pottery' by Colin Burgess (305--9); `The plano-convex knife' by Bill Finlayson (309--10); `Cremated human remains' by Kath McSweeney (311--18); `Plant remains' by Camilla Dickson (318--22); `The soil and pollen stratigraphy beneath the cairn' (322--5) and `Palynology of the cist deposits' (326--7), both by Richard Tipping; `Minerals' by J G MacDonald (327--8); and `Kerb stones of the ring-cairn: size, type and colour' by Richard Tipping (328--31).
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O'Brien, Leonora, Victoria Clements, Mike Roy, and Neil Macnab. "Neolithic Pits, a Bronze Age Cremation and an Early Iron Age Ring-Ditch at Newton Farm, Cambuslang, Lanarkshire." Scottish Archaeological Journal 31, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2010.0002.
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Fieldwork at Newton Farm, Cambuslang (NGR NS 672 610) was undertaken in advance of housing development in 2005–6. A cluster of six shallow Neolithic pits were excavated, and a collection of 157 round-based, carinated bowl sherds and a quern fragment were recovered from them. The pits produced a date range of 3700 to 3360 cal BC. Most of the pits yielded burnt material, and one of the pits showed evidence of in situ burning. The pottery may form ‘structured deposits’. A Bronze Age adult cremation placed in a Food Vessel dated to 3610±30 BP (2040–1880 cal BC) was set in a wider landscape of single and multiple cremations and inhumations on the river terraces overlooking the Clyde. A possible unurned cremation was also identified. This was cut by the course of a small ring-ditch dated to the very late Bronze Age or early Iron Age 2520±30 BP (800–530cal BC).
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Budi, Arifki Septia, and I. Putu Gede Parmajaya. "KAJIAN NILAI DIDAKTIS DALAM UPACARA NGABEN MASAL DI DESA GRAJAGAN KECAMATAN PURWOHARJO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI." JURDIKSCA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Hindu Mahasiswa Pascasarjana 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.55115/jurdiksca.v2i2.3793.
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The implementation of Ngaben provides knowledge and also increases belief in God Almighty. By carrying out cremation which is addressed to the ancestors. There is also a value contained in devotion to the ancestors. In the teachings of Catur Guru there is a section on the definition of guru Ruka, where Guru Ruka is a parent who has cared for their child until they grow up to be able to live independently. In implementing cremation, mutual cooperation can be fostered for the implementation of mass cremation activities. Mass cremation participants must be able to work together to carry out cremation activities. The implementation of this mass cremation also does not look at the level of education or wealth of participants, but all levels or groups can carry out mass cremation. The implementation of mass cremation was initially rejected by the community, because they thought that cremation was burning corpses. If a person who has been buried wants to be buried, the grave will certainly be dismantled to take out the bones. By explaining to the public that the mass cremation will not dismantle the tomb, but in a symbolic way. The method used by researchers is data collection techniques through observation, interviews and document study. Observations were carried out by looking directly at the location. Interviews were conducted in depth with informants who best knew the data needed in this case. And document study is carried out by studying the libraries in the activities committee.With the mass cremation, the confidence of the people of Grajagan Village began to increase, because the mass cremation ceremony provided knowledge. and make it your obligation as a child to follow your ancestors so you can be enthroned. Keywords: Didactical Study of Mass Ngaben Ceremonies
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Свиридов, А. Н. "CREMATION GRAVES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AND SOUTHERN CRIMEA OF THE ROMAN PERIOD. STATUS UPDATE OF THE ISSUE." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 271 (October 3, 2023): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.271.103-118.
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Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния изученности кремационных погребений Юго-Западного и Южного Крыма первой половины I тыс. н. э. Первоначально в работе приводятся сведения о дискуссии в научной литературе по вопросам происхождения, этнической интерпретации и хронологии обряда кремации в указанных регионах. Рассматриваются две отчасти противоположные концепции относительно происхождения этого обряда. Первая основывается на миграционной теории появления кремаций не ранее середины III в. и связывается с кругом мигрантов – германских (славянских, с точки зрения некоторых исследователей) племен. В соответствии со второй концепцией, кремационные погребения характерны для местного населения, попавшего под влияние римской традиции из Херсонеса. Далее в статье обсуждаются новейшие открытия кремационных захоронений Юго-Западного и Южного Крыма. Подчеркивается, что новые данные могут уточнить сложившееся представление о характере возникновения этого обряда в регионе. Полученные за последние годы материалы поднимают вопрос о необходимости новой типологии кремационных погребений, уточнения дат и культурно-исторического контекста каждого из типов. The paper analyzes the current state of knowledge on cremation graves in the southwestern and southern Crimea dating to the first half of the first millennium AD. The paper reports on the discussion concerning the issues of the origin, ethnic interpretation and chronology of the cremation rite in the studied regions. It reviews two partially opposite concepts relating to the origin of this rite. The first concept is based on the mi gration theory according to which cremations did not appear until the middle of the third century and are linked to migrants such as Germanic (Slavic as some researchers believe) populations. The second concept states that cremation graves are characteristic of the local population which was influenced by the Roman tradition from Chersoneses. The paper also provides an overview of the latest discoveries of cremation graves in the southwestern and southern Crimea. It emphasizes that the new data can provide an opportunity to clarify our knowledge on when and how this rite appeared in the region. The data obtained in recent years bring up an issue of a need to have a new typology of cremation graves, clarify the dates and the cultural and historical context of each type of such graves.
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Jia, Jingyun, Xiaolong Zou, Xiantao Chen, Haibin Wang, and Qiang Sun. "Imitation analysis of cremation furnace heat transfer under the finite element simulation software." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191216127j.
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To promote the full combustion efficiency of a body cremation furnace during cremation, the temperature and velocity of cremation furnace in the process of body combustion are simulated by finite element model. Firstly, the simplified finite element analysis model of cremation furnace and its finite element software is introduced in this study, and then the flow model, heat transfer model, and combustion model needed in the heat transfer process are described. According to the requirements of the finite element model, the mesh generation process of the cremation furnace model and the numerical solution method are presented. Finally, the model used in this study is verified by the test and simulation results. The results show that the method is reliable. Besides, the design parameters of the temperature part and the combustion speed part of the furnace under six different working conditions are analyzed to further optimize the structure of the furnace. The results of this study provide a good theoretical basis for cremation equipment and promote the development of China?s cremation industry.
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McKinley, Jacqueline I. "Bronze Age ‘Barrows’ and Funerary Rites and Rituals of Cremation." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63 (1997): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002401.
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This paper discusses the evidence for pyre sites, debris, and technology associated with the disposal of cremated human remains in Bronze Age ‘barrows’. The use of the terms such as ‘cremation’, ‘cremation burial’, and ‘cremation-related feature’ are examined. The types of evidence for the remains of cremation-related activities which survive on archaeological sites are described with examples and compared with the results of modern experimental data. It is concluded that a wealth of information may be recovered in relation to the funerary rites and rituals of cremation and that Bronze Age barrows hold a potentially unique position in being able to provide evidence of various aspects of the funerary activity under one ‘mound’. While the archaeological components within different types of cremation-related features are often the same, it is the relationship between the various components within the deposit which have the potential to assist in our understanding of aspects of procedure, rites, and rituals attendant on the disposal of the dead by means of cremation.
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Olando, Martin. "Cremation and Burial." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v2i1.14.
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For a long time, most African Christian have preferred burial as the most acceptable way in disposing dead bodies. However, this method of disposing the dead has been affected by diverse factors such as globalization, various interpretations of Scripture, and the decline of African perception on burial rights among others. In the nature of things, there has been an increase of cremation amongst African Christians. This has created a rift between two contrasting groups regarding the emerging culture of cremation as opposed to burial. Cremation seems to be a new concept that has not been embraced in most African societies. Those African Christians who insist on burial contend that it is the ideal godly way in the disposition of bodies. They cite biblical and Africa values in order to justify the status quo. For those who believe cremation is the right disposal method of the dead, they argue that it is less expensive and is positively sensitive to land use. In view of this, the article will examine success and challenges regarding burial and cremation. The materials in this presentation have been gathered through interviews, extensive reading of published works, and via general observation of unfolding practices.
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Hockey, Jenny. "Encyclopaedia of cremation." Mortality 12, no. 3 (August 2007): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576270701430817.
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Munick, Leo. "CREMATION AFTER AUGMENTATION." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 87, no. 6 (June 1991): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199106000-00037.
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Newall, Venetia. "Folklore and Cremation." Folklore 96, no. 2 (January 1985): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.1985.9716344.
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Nehring, J., A. Aveneli, H. Asteriades, R. W. Warner, H. Montgomery, R. Harrington, F. Craig, et al. "Cremation fees, again." BMJ 292, no. 6516 (February 1, 1986): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292.6516.345-a.
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Horner, S. "Crisis in cremation." BMJ 317, no. 7157 (August 22, 1998): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7157.485.
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Hawley, C., M. C. Bateson, and R. N. Arber. "Crisis in cremation." BMJ 318, no. 7186 (March 20, 1999): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7186.811a.
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SHIMAZAKI, Akira. "Learning from cremation in the Great Hanshin Earthquake.Realization of large-scale, wide-reegional cremation ( emergency-rescue cremation )." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 24, no. 3 (1995): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.24.175.
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Corti, Cristina, Sila Motella De Carlo, and Laura Rampazzi. "The Intimate Soul of the Pyres: New Archaeological Data from the Terre di Rogo (Pyre Debris) of Pre-Roman Necropolis in Padua (Northern Italy)." Heritage 6, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 849–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6020047.
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The ‘terre di rogo’ (pyre debris) are black-coloured layers resulting from the crematory pyres, placed inside graves within the ritual of secondary deposition and containing different materials, including cremation slags. The characterisation of the slags, until now rarely conducted by chemical techniques, can provide useful data to explain more precisely the protocol of the funeral ritual and to better understand the effects of fire during cremation for the accumulation of pyre debris. In this study, a fast screening method using ATR-mode infrared spectroscopy is proposed, which may highlight the need for further investigations with SEM and XRD. The protocol was tested on the black and irregularly shaped cremation slags from the pyre debris of two Iron Age cremation necropolises in Padua (northern Italy). The results of the analysis identified several types of cremation slags within each individual pyre ground and the presence of bone fragments exposed to different intensities of combustion during cremation.
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Bewley, R. H., I. H. Longworth, S. Browne, J. P. Huntley, G. Varndell, P. Craddock, and I. Freestone. "Excavation of a Bronze Age Cemetery at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, no. 1 (1992): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004217.
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Excavations at Ewanrigg, Maryport, Cumbria (NY035353) took place in 1983 and 1985–87. The site of a Bronze Age cremation cemetery was discovered whilst fieldwalking a crop-mark enclosure site; this site had been trial excavated in 1956 and shown to be a Romano-British settlement. During the excavations 28 burials were discovered, 26 being cremations and two inhumations. Both inhumations, one a Beaker burial and the other a cist burial with a Food Vessel, had been disturbed. The Bronze Age pottery assemblage was a mixture of Collared Urns and Food Vessel Urns; the Collared Urns are mainly Secondary Series with one showing some Primary Series traits. Fragments of two Beakers were discovered, one an N/MR Beaker and the other more in the long-necked Northern series tradition. All the pottery, except the N/MR Beaker, was made from local clay. Within one of the cremation burials a clay connecting rod for a furnace was discovered and apart from one other site this is the only discovery which shows any link between metal-working and the burials within the Collared Urn tradition. Also within the cremations were a number of toggles and pins made from animal bone. The human cremated bone was sufficiently well preserved to allow analysis to show that there were six female and five male burials. Radiocarbon samples, mainly on charcoal, gave a date range for the Collared Urns of 2460–1520 BC (calibrated to two standard deviations).
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Казанцева, О. А. "CREMATION IN THE FUNERARY RITE OF THE KUDASHEVSKIY I BURIAL GROUND (3rd-5th CENTURIES)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 266 (October 4, 2022): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.266.308-320.
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Впервые рассматриваются кремации Кудашевского I могильника эпохи Великого переселения народов в Среднем Прикамье. В погребальном обряде населения, оставившего курганно-грунтовый памятник, фиксируется ингумация. Аргументом для интерпретации таких могил является наличие жертвенного комплекса - элемента обряда финно-угров. Другой формой погребального обряда, выявленного на памятнике, является кремация, исследованию которой и посвящена статья. Применение методов наблюдения и статистического анализа кремаций позволяет отметить, что находки кремаций в виде кальцинированных костей и углей разнообразны по размеру, форме и концентрации; локализуются в погребениях, засыпи могил, предположительно в ритуальных ямах, между погребений на территории могильника. На памятнике фиксируется погребальная традиция с кремациями на стороне и отмечены ритуальные практики (поминальные тризны), в которых определенную роль играли животные. Смешение погребальных традиций - ингумации и кремации - связано с процессом взаимодействия местного и пришлого населения. Cremations in the Kudashevskiy I cemetery in the Middle Kama region that dates to the Migration period are reviewed for the first time. In the funeral rite of the population that left behind the burial ground inhumation is recorded. The interpretation of such graves is supported by presence of a sacrifice complex, which is a ritual element of Finno-Ugric population. Another form of the funerary rite practiced by the population that buried their dead at this site and which is described in the paper is cremation. Based on the observation method and statistical analysis, a number of issues can be highlighted. The remains of cremations in the form of calcined bones and charcoal are diverse in size, shape and concentration; they are localized in the graves, grave infills, ritual pits, and between the graves in the cemetery. The archaeological site records a funerary rite with cremations on a pyre arranged aside and marks ritual practices (funeral feasts) in which animals played certain role. The mingling of burial traditions: inhumation and cremation is associated with interaction between the local and alien populations.
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Ellis, P., and R. King. "Gloucester: The Wotton Cemetery Excavations, 2002." Britannia 45 (August 13, 2014): 53–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x14000397.
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AbstractThe report summarises results from an excavation site within the Wotton cemetery on the outskirts of Gloucester. A total of 20 cremations and 54 inhumations were excavated and are the subject of a detailed human bone report. The earliest cremation urns were of pre-Flavian date and could be paralleled by pots from the Kingsholm fortress. Cremation rite continued into the early second century, but was then replaced by inhumation burials. These dated from the later first/early second century till the fourth century. Part of a ditched enclosure, perhaps with an earlier precursor, was laid out in the second century and survived, respected by burials, into the later Roman period. The layout of this part of the Wotton cemetery is not in the orderly rows expected for urban burial in the province and this circumstance is compared both with other urban cemeteries and with practices known on rural sites. Analysis of the human bone suggested working people were buried in this part of the cemetery. At least one of the burials seems likely to have been a soldier and another may have been a person of importance very late in the life of the town.
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Bibikov, D. V. "FURTHER THOUGHTS ON THE FUNERAL RITE OF ROMENSKA CULTURE." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 40, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.03.08.
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The study of the funeral rite of the Eastern Slavs and the dynamics of its development is important for the clarification of the religious, state-creating, ethno-cultural and social processes of the Old Rus formation. In the paper the author makes a new attempt of the comprehensive analysis of the burial sites of chronicle Severians who are identified with the bearers of Romenska archaeological culture. For this purpose, the most complete and reliable catalogue of these sites included 142 items has been created.
Statistical calculations show at the main part of the Dnieper Left Bank in the 9th—10th centuries the dominance of cremation rites away from the burial, placing the urn in the upper levels of the mound. Burials of this type are at least 82 % of Romenska culture cremations. They are reflected in literary sources. Burials at the level of the horizon and in small holes should be considered only as a few deviations from the classical Romenski rite. Burials of these types are characterized by such specific elements as circular wooden fences and ritual hearths, and most of them do not contain the urns. Differences in the funeral rites of the Dnieper Left Bank can be explained by the reasons of both ethnographic and chronological nature.
In the second half of the 10th century in the Severians area a few cremations are recorded at the places of burial. No Romenska culture pottery or ornaments were found in any of these complexes: they all contained exclusively the Old Rus materials. There is no doubt that the rite of cremation at the place was brought to the Dnieper Left Bank by settlers from the Middle Dnieper together with the establishment of the Kyiv Princes power.
Radical changes in the Romenski funeral rite occur in the late 10th — early 11th centuries. The rite of inhumation at the level of the horizon becomes dominant, less often in the mound pits. Although a number of scholars link these changes to the socio-economic changes in society the author considers it possible to explain them only by the total Christianization of the newly acquired territories by Kyiv. It is likely that the cremation of the dead was strictly forbidden by the church.
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Roberts, Pamela. "What Now? Cremation without Tradition." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 62, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.62.1.a.
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Although cremation is an increasingly popular method of body disposal, there is little research on ash disposition, particularly the decisions and negotiations underlying the process. Americans who have recently encountered the cremation of loved ones for the first time have not been studied at all; the present research describes 87 of their cremation experiences. Adults who were actively involved in cremation and ash disposition decisions were interviewed about these processes at every stage, from the decision to cremate through the performance of final rituals for their dead. Results detail family and friends' active negotiations over cremation and ash disposition, the surprises they encountered, and the personally meaningful rituals they created for their loved ones. As in other emerging postdeath rituals, the enactment of individualized rituals for the dead was seen as a positive experience; accordingly, most participants preferred to be cremated and honored through nontraditional rituals themselves.
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Škvor Jernejčič, Brina. "The Earliest Cremation Burials in the South-Eastern Alpine Region from the Middle Bronze Age – Signs of Intercultural Connections with the Northern Carpathian Basin." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 447–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0024.
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AbstractThe article considers cremation graves from the site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us to get a better understanding of when the change in burial practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials. The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form and decoration, which we can date between the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices, not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica group.
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Ha, Dae-Ryong. "Mortuary Practice of Baekje as Seen Through Cremation Process Modeling." Korean Ancient Historical Society 119 (February 28, 2023): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18040/sgs.2023.119.23.
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The purpose of this study is to explain the current state of cremated human remains excavated from the ancient tombs of Seokchon-dong, the royal graveyard of Hanseong Baekje. By modeling the process of cremation, and confirm where the current human bone data corresponds to, thereby identifying one aspect of the funeral process. First, by examining the characteristics of the cremated human bones, it was confirmed that the cremated human remains of Seokchon-dong were cremated before skeletonization, and the possibility of deliberate fragmentation of the cremated bones was low. Next, by modeling the process of secondary cremation, it was assumed that three types of archaeological features were predicted: ‘the burial’, ‘the crematory feature’ and the ‘disposal area of cremation remnants’, and it was also predicted that cremated remains would be excavated in a characteristic pattern from each of form of the features. the cremated bones excavated from the vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 3 in 1986, and vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 1 in 2010s were evaluated by AAI(anatomical accuracy index) and ADI(anatomical diversity index), substituting them into the model, it was found that the former was highly likely to correspond to ‘the crematory feature’ and the latter to be ‘the disposal area of cremation remnants’. According to this, ‘the burial’ related to cremation in the Seokchon-dong ancient tombs has not yet been investigated, and in ‘the disposal area of cremation remnants’, part of cremated bones were not conceptually treated as the body of the deceased. It shows that the concept of the body is ‘transformed’ through the cremation. However, this analysis is based on the premise of the classical concept of ‘secondary cremation’, and the possibility that a mortuary practice outside of this category should also be considered.
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White, Stephen. "An End to D-I-Y Cremation?" Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 2 (April 1993): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300211.
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This article examines whether to be lawful a cremation must be carried out in accordance with the Cremation Acts. It argues that it need not be but points out that any lacuna in the Acts will be plugged if and when the new consolidated Cremation Regulations are passed. It then considers the implication of this reform for the disposal of babies born dead before the legal age of viability.
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Beljak Pažinová, Noémi, and Alena Bistáková. "Dead and Cremated." Documenta Praehistorica 49 (December 23, 2022): 260–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.49.24.
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Cremation was one of the permissible burial practices in the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). This treatment has largely remained unexplained by previous research in Central Europe due to its descriptive nature. As a result, we present several thoughts on some key issues here. First, we discuss the current state of research in Central Europe, as well as some specifics with regard to the LPC and cremation. Second, we focus on two graveyards with exclusively or primarily cremation graves. Based on the current state of research, our goal is to evaluate the results obtained using a quantitative data analysis method, as well as an evaluation of the interpretation of cremation within the LPC population.
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Collins, Tracy, and Linda Lynch. "Prehistoric burial and ritual, in southwest Ireland." Antiquity 75, no. 289 (September 2001): 493–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088608.
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Archaeological monitoring of the construction of the N21 road improvements, Co. Kerry, Ireland, in 1999 uncovered four sub-circular features in the townland of Rockfield (FIGURE 1).The central feature revealed itself to be small pit containing a cremation burial. The bones in this shallow pit had been subjected to intense heat, though the boulder clay beneath was unburnt. Radiocarbon (calibrated σ2) dating showed that this cremation dated from 1440–1140 BC, the date being firmly placed in the Irish Bronze Age. The total weight of the cremation was 29 g. The general size of the bone fragments recovered was very small with 72.4% being less than 5 mm in size. This severely limited the osteological analysis. At least some of the fragments, particularly some of the long bone pieces appeared to be human. On the basis of size, the cremation represents at least one adult. The uniform chalky white appearance of the bones recovered indicated that the individual was very well cremated and was probably processed by crushing or pounding of the bones after cremation.
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Ebrey, Patricia. "Cremation in Sung China." American Historical Review 95, no. 2 (April 1990): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2163757.
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Bhargava, Raghav, and Balram Bhargava. "Leadless pacemaker and cremation." Heart Asia 8, no. 1 (December 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartasia-2015-010663.
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