Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Créoles – Guinée, Golfe de'
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Schang, Emmanuel. "L'émergence des créoles portugais du golfe de Guinée." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21012.
Full textThis dissertation aims at investigating the roots of the Portuguese-based creole languages of São Tomé and Príncipe. Firstly, I use the TCRS-Loanword Model, offering new solutions to some phonological problems. Secondly, I investigate syntactical problems - TMA markers, serial verbs and negative particle - via a Tree Adjoining Grammar analysis combined with Relevance theory. I then show that my approach provides encouraging results, particularly with regard to relexification
Bouchard, Marie-Eve. "Le portugais du Brésil : Des liens linguistiques avec les créoles du golfe de Guinée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29297/29297.pdf.
Full textBouchard, Marie-Ève. "Le portugais du Brésil : des liens linguistiques avec les créoles du golfe de Guinée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24056.
Full textAnka, Zahie. "Evolution de l'éventail sous-marin du Zai͏̈re (Congo) depuis le cretage : Intéraction avec la marge continentale du golfe de Guinée." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20025.
Full textZognou, Théophile. "La protection de l'environnement marin et côtier dans la région du golfe de Guinée." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4dd3a020-61e5-4216-8f3a-47f38169d846/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1008.pdf.
Full textThe marine and coastal environment of the Gulf of Guinea contains important natural resources. It offers significant opportunities to the coastal populations in term of means of subsistence. However this environment is confronted with many problems: coastal erosion, the overexploitation of the living and abiotic resources, marine and coastal pollution. Thus, the key challenge that lies upon the States of the region is to ensure the optimal preservation of this environment and to guarantee a ustainable exploitation of the resources. The analysis of the environmental normative and institutional corpus put in place by those States, both at regional and national levels, shows that the governance framework of marine and coastal environment though is plural, remains insufficient. It still has to be improved to ensure an effective protection of this ecosystem and resources. In other words, the principal challenge which arises for the States of the area with regard to the marine and coastal environmental protection remains that to reform the global governance framework of these espaces and decline it out of relevant and effective mechanisms of action
Verstraete, Jean-Marc. "Les upwellings saisonniers dans le golfe de guinee." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066776.
Full textGuiavarc'h, Catherine. "Modélisation haute-résolution des courants dans le Golfe de Guinée : étude des oscillations bimensuelles." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2005.
Full textCurrentmeter measurements on the continental slope of the Gulf of Guinea (near 7°40 S) point out a biweekly oscillation of the currents, bottom intensified and oriented along the bathymetry. Those energetic oscillations dominate the signal. A three-dimensional high-resolution primitive equation model (NEMO/OPA) of the Gulf of Guinea has been developed to study the oscillations and their forcing mechanism. The data does flot support the tide as a forcing mechanism and the wind-forced regional model reproduces biweekly oscillations, which fit the data quite well. Experiments with different forcings have been run to explore the origin of the biweekly variability. Those experiments highlight the equatorial origin of the oscillations forced by equatorial winds. At the equator, wind-forced Yanaï waves propagate eastward, reach the coast and propagate poleward in both directions. The dominant period of 1 5-day can be explained by equatorial waves theory. In the equatorial Atlantic, there are no 15-day waves propagating westward, thereby all the incident energy reaching the African coast propagates poleward via coastal-trapped waves. The spatial structure and the temporal variability of the biweekly waves are examined using the regional model and a linear mode of the equatorial Atlantic. High baroclinic modes explain the bottom intensification and the decrease of the signal to the South, because of the fast dissipation of the highest modes. Intermittency of the biweekly signal is underlined by wavelet analysis of the data and partially reproduced by the regional model but not by the linear model. Although being forced by equatorial winds, the temporal variability of the oscillations is not directly correlated with the variability of the equatorial winds
Arnaud, Noël Voula Emvoutou. "Géopolitique du pétrole et conflictualité dans le golfe de Guinée." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30031.
Full textAccess to oil resources by importers, and the controlling its revenue by exporters raise complex issues in the oil regions and more especially in the Gulf of Guinea. In the latter region, importing oil powers have been at the center of many conflicts both within states and between them. In Congo Brazzaville, for example, Elf had been accused - in a complaint to the Tribunal de Grande Instance in Paris November 20, 1997 - by former President Pascal Lissouba of aiding Sassou Nguesso to make his coup in 1997. Other major oil companies, namely Shell, Mobil and Texaco have also been implicated in some civil wars in the sub-region such as Nigeria and Angola. In addition to these so-called internal conflicts, the Gulf of Guinea has been and remains the centre of maritime border disputes on oil where importers of black gold are noticed. Today, the Gulf of Guinea is facing a new desire for its oil. This renewed interest in the strategic Gulf of Guinea raises a heuristic thinking.The main hypothesis of this study is that the new interest for oil in the Gulf of Guinea is a real threat to the stability and hence the risk of the development efforts of the producers of black gold country this space. It portends the resurgence of a complex system of conflicts in the sub-region. Indeed, the democratic deficit, the bad economic governance, the decomposition of the territories, the folds of identities, competitive processes to access oil by consuming powers and the power struggles between them make the tropism of oil empires in the sub-region questionable. That is if the oil has been in the Gulf of Guinea a real casus belli, it is clear that oil governance could sanitize the area tainted by oil conflict and thus lead to development
Baquet, Emeric. "Ondes internes solitaires dans le Golfe de Guinée : cartographie et modélisation." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0028/document.
Full textInternal waves are observed in different locations. They have a key role in the set up of the trophic chain, and they can impact human activities.For instance, in the Gulf of Guinea, internal solitary waves (ISWs) have caused hazards on offshore oil platforms. The aim of the thesis is to identify the generation zones and the directions of propagation of these ISWs, and the environmental conditions (tides, stratification) that can generate them. One the one hand measurements of currents were available, and on the other hand numerical models were used.Measurements of currents were analyzed. Packets of ISWs were identified. Moreover, the potential generation zones of the ISWs, particularly the top of the shelf break, were inferred from their direction of propagation. The monthly repartition of the packets of ISWs revealed a seasonal variability, due to the West African Monsoon, which modified the conditions of the stratification throughout the year.Concerning the modelling, the numerical model HYCOM was used. One regional hydrostatic model of the Gulf of Guinea was built. This regional model was validated for a barotropic configuration (homogeneous ocean) first. Then, a two-layered configuration was set up, and the linear theory of the internal waves was confirmed on the results.Non hydrostatic terms were added to the horizontal velocity equations in HYCOM, to model ISWs. The influence of different physical parameters, such as the Coriolis force, the barotropic forcing, and a mean current was studied on two-layered radial configurations. Finally, a canyon in the middle of the shelf break was set up to assess qualitatively the effect of a 2D bathymetry on the ISWs
Ndoutoumé, Ngome Jonathan. "Les aspects géopolitiques et géostratégiques de l'exploitation pétrolière dans les pays du golfe de Guinée." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3007.
Full textThe Middle-East, the world’s largest oil producer, no longer seems to be suffiscient guarantee for the current demand, not because its huge oil reserves are empty, but due to the insecurity and instability prevailing there. That is why other areas of production, such as the Gulf of Guinea, gain access to this new oil geopolitics the world knows. The Gulf of Guinea is an area endowed with abundant oil reserves in sea. Though those undeniable potentialities, far from contributing to socio-economic rise, oil turns out to be rather a factor of competition among powers, geopolitical tension among and within states in the Gulf of Guinea. This situation stems from the crucial role played by African states as providers of raw materials. It is what this dissertation tries to demonstrate through the description, the analysis of the geopolitical and geostrategic aspects of oil exploitation in the states of the Gulf of Guinea. This study proposes a global thought on the necessity of good governing in the area, in order to obtain a sustainable and balanced exploitation of oil
Otsa'a, Nguema Daenis. "Sécurité et sûreté maritimes dans le golfe de Guinée : Diagnostic et évaluation des politiques pour un apport conceptuel et pratique de la sécurisation maritime régionale." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3004.
Full textOne limited to the simple role of communication channel used to search for new unknown lands with the use of resources, maritime spaces and their related activities have gradually evolved into a controversial topic today. The issues have also presented threats and risks of vulnerability, associated with binomial “safety-security”, in a field where economies and populations have a strong maritime emphasis. This paradoxical maritime trend has not been overlooked by the coastal State of the Gulf of Guinea (the Ivory Coast to Angola), which were already involved at the beginning of the negotiations which led to what was called, the “Yalta sea” (in reference to the Montego Bay Convention of December 10, 1982). Today, they are trying to find solutions to the phenomenon of maritime insecurity through more community responses rather than individual ones. As part of global geography of strategic regions, they cannot and must not remain on the sidelines of the acceleration of security and logistics, which require different levels of communal sharing of control and prevention methods. But, while it is no longer time for the prevarication of communal sharing efforts, it is time for the assessment of policies used up to now, which have, to some degree, shown to be limited. In fact, regional maritime insecurity is not potentially or spatially manifested in the same way, according to the States or regions considered. Yet, despite a disparate consideration of the regional maritime issues, maritime security challenges to be addressed are virtually the same and should guide an in depth study of conceptualization and practical security. This disparity of ideological, structural, material, and technical realities of the manifestation of threat and risk is not adequately addressed in regional cooperation, which by its excessive ambitions and homogenization of the maritime context, hardly takes into account the necessity of an evolutive multi-scalar dimension, based on local and national realities. Within the disciplinary field of geopolitics and maritime geostrategies, and more specifically, the issues of maritime security, this study, which considers national and regional factors of maritime vulnerability through the “Safety-Security” binomial, offers a contribution to the question, “why provide security”, but also “how to provide security”, across four strategies: the diagnosis of maritime vulnerability, the evaluation of responses of States to address it, the spatial heterogeneity of this vulnerability, and to propose multiscalar reforms in light of maritime security regionalism
Leduc-Leballeur, Marion. "Influence océanique du golfe de Guinée sur la mousson en Afrique de l'Ouest." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728272.
Full textNyinguema, Ndong Leonilde Chancia. "Activités halieutiques et immigration clandestine dans le golfe de Guinée : le cas du Gabon." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3039.
Full textSince the fifteenth century, Gulf of Guinea is an important area of activities of fishermen, migrants from West Africa. Thus, by their knowledge of seas and artisanal fishing techniques, seeking the best fishing waters and favorable living conditions have, for a long time, grasped the sea as a circulatory and nurturing space. Over time, they ended up settling and it conducted to a "fish colonization" of an important part of the coastline of the coastal Atlantic states including Gabon, as to become majority or essential stakeholders (80% west African) of the sector of artisanal marine fisheries. Furthermore, Gabon, immigration country (+ 15% allogeneic population) continuously experiencing a migration influx, the main candidates for immigration comes mainly from West Africa, and this despite the economic crisis and the end of massive recruitment of labor. In the early 1980s, from a selective and desired immigration by the government, we move to a spontaneous and autonomous immigration which is illustrated by its clandestine nature and maritime character. However, different surveys concerning arrests, rescues, and access networks such illegal maritime routes, show that fishing communities are heavily involved. Hence, the legitimate desire to understand the nature of the relationship between fisheries activities and illegal immigration by sea in the way to measure the issues
Mauduit, Thomas. "Déformation gravitaire synsédimentaire sur une marge passive. Modélisation analogique et application au Golfe de Guinée." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656009.
Full textKolodziejczyk, Nicolas. "Analyse de la circulation de subsurface et de sa variabilité dans le Golfe de Guinée." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2020.
Full textThe in situ observations carried out during recent oceanographic cruises in the Gulf of Guinea allowed to describe the structure of the boundary of near-surface equatorial currents in the Atiantic Ocean. The good sampling of the oceanographic campaigns between 1993 and 2007 allowed to establish the semi-amiual cycle of the Equatorial UnderCurrent (EUC) at 10°W The westward recirculation of the saline subtropical water mass of the equatorial thermocline was observed in the subsurface branches of the South Equatorial Cunent (SEC) during boreal winter and spring, encompassing the eastward EUC. The recirculation of the saline water carried by the EUC takes place also along tbe coast in the southward Gabon-Congo UnderCurrent (GCUC). The boreal sunmer upwelling causes the erosion of the saline core associated with the EUC in the surface layer. The subtropical water mass does not reach tEe eastern boundary during tEe boreal summer and the recirculation tacs place in the surface SEC. During this season, the EUC exhibits an increment in its transport in the lower part of the thermocline reaching its maximum annual transport at 10°W. This maximum is explained by a vertical extension of eastward velocity under the thermocline. By October-November at 1O°W this deep extension of the EUC flows westerly. The observation of the seasonal cycle of the Sea Surface Height (SSH) revealed the presence ofannual basin modes. These basin modes are the response of the basin to annual periodic wind forcing. This part of the seasonal variability of the SSH has neyer been described with SSH data and allowed to understand the annual variability of the thermocline depth in the equatorial Atlantic. The analysis of the results of CLIPPER high-resolution numerical model simulations of the zonal equatorial near-surface currents allowed to describe in a more appropriate way the circulation in the GuIf of Guinea. During the boreal winter and spring the saline subtropical water mass reaches the eastern boundary and bifurcate westward in the both subsurface branches of the SEC. This water mass is then upwelled in boreal suninier. The thermocline water mass is advected southward as weil during this season. It has been shown that the EUC transport seini-annual cycle is associated with the renforcement of the westward zonal wind stress in the Gulf of Guinea, in particular during the boreal spring and summer. Long and low-frequency Rossby waves of the first meridional mode were also observed at 10°W in the thermocline linked to the seasonal cycle of the boundary of the EUC, explaining the inversion of the zonaI current in October-November at the bottom of the thermocline
Abessolo, Ondoa Grégoire. "Réponse des plages sableuses d'Afrique de l'Ouest, golfe de Guinée, face au forçage multi-échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30029.
Full textThis thesis presents a multi-scale investigation of the role of waves, sea level and human settlements to understand long-term coastal evolution of the 400-km long sandy Bight of Benin coast (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa). Coastal morphology and its ocean drivers are monitored using local shore-based video camera and regional satellite remote sensing. New video developpements show the potential of video camera in sensing daily beach profile, waves and sea level at the coast. The results reveal the dominant influence of waves on shoreline variability at the event (daily) and seasonal scales, whereas at the intraseasonal and interannual scales, the shoreline is dominantly modulated by sea level changes. Over longer periods (decades), anthropogenic influence, such as deep water harbours and the reduction of sediment river (such as Volta and Niger) discharge due to dams significantly alter sediment transport, creating several erosion zones. These observations over the long term are satisfactorily reproduced by the implemented shoreline model, specially in the vicinity of the harbors, and allows to estimate, for example, the amount of sediment nourishment necessary to limit erosion downstream of Lagos harbor. Beside their fundamental interest, these results put strong basis to improve regional coastal policies
Koffi, Tougbo. "L'élément portugais dans les univers linguistique et onomastique du Golfe de Guinée : étude de cas." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030095/document.
Full textFrom XVth to XVIIth century, Portugal has been ranking first among the most advanced nations of its time. It is during that era that the explorers helped this country to reach out Africa, Asia, America and Oceania. But any contact with peoples and cultures has always been a source of various and multifaceted reciprocal influences. In this thesis, we will study the lusitanian impressions in the Guinea Gulf. The research has been conducted in the southern part of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin and is based on a corpus made up of some hundreds of words that we have listed in a bibliography and an investigation that we have carried out in the field during eight years. The analysis of data is done according to a bipolar method which combines history and structuralism in its contrastive approach because, in reality, we are comparing two linguistic systems: portuguese, kru and kwa languages of the Niger-Congo family. The study includes three parts; the first part deals with the historical background of luso-african relationships then delineates the targeted geographic realms; the second part studies the portuguese lexical borrowings in the main languages of the region; finally, the third and last part touches on the issue of portuguese onomastic borrowings in the region
Tonfack, Kenfack Thérèse Flaviane. "Eldorado pétrolier dans le Golfe de Guinée. Risques et menaces sur la sécurité des approvisionnements." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30043.
Full textThe rarefaction of the oil resource, the insecurity in the main oil region of the world (Arab-Persian Gulf) made the Gulf of Guinea the new oil El Dorado. The offshore character of its production, the Miss information of the real value of its proved reserve, the quality of its crude oil and political & economic legislations current in this region are guarantees of security of the oil supplies for the western world. Since the 90s, the oil resource of the Gulf of Guinea instigates the greeds of majors. Consequence of this attractiveness, Gulf of Guinea became a zone of convergence of the interests of countries developed as well as emergent’s countries. The geo-economic interests and current geopolitics in this region, situated in the heart of Africa, instigate rivalries and confrontations between actors making be afraid of oil war.Certainly, the opening of the Gulf of Guinea on the world represents a great interest in the organized maritime military strategies, and gives a new vision of the stakes. But it does not have to obliterate the reality of the facts. Between geography-economy and geopolitics, the pseudo-guarantee of security of oil supply that would offer the oil of the Gulf of Guinea made more and more the object of deep debates within the scientific and political communities. It is in this context that we chose to be interested at the risks and threaten who in fine can reduce even to interrupt the oil supplies in the Gulf of Guinea, in terms of stakes, risks, threats and potential challenges for decade to come
Lembe, Marie-Sylvie. "Le golfe de Guinée et la géostratégie africaine post-bipolaire des Etats-Unis (1993-2008)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30012.
Full textThe gulf of Guinea has being the main concern of the United States foreign policy toward Africa since the end of the Cold War. The reason can be found in the region’s fundamental forces, an instance by no means least being oil. The oil deposits of the gulf of Guinea have become strategic for U.S. Officials since Chinese Officials started coveting them. The access to the oil of the region is not for them mainly a way of diversifying their supply sources, but rather a matter of keeping up their hegemony. Indeed, as the United States did yesterday with Communism, they do today with China containing its influence in this region of greater importance. Their ambition is to gain the exclusive « control » over the gulf of Guinea via their oil companies. This strategy meets their post-Cold War foreign policy, and aims at perpetuating the American hegemony through the control of regions of greater importance. This policy has been re-enforced since September, 11, 2001. Other fundamental forces include bad governance of incomes from strategic resources such as oil. Other uncertainties that weigh on the gulf of Guinea include the sluggishness of the region in setting in place democratic processes, and sea piracy. All of them have worried both Clinton and Bush’s administrations: there are threats to US “vital” interests in the region
Decker, Carole. "Diversité, écologie et adaptation des bivalves Vesicomyidae associés aux environnements réducteurs profonds des marges continentales." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2054.
Full textVesicomyid bivalves colonize continental margin and abyssal plain from 100 to 9050 m depth. They are a major component of deep sea reducing environments such as cold-seeps and hydrothermal vents. The objective of this thesis is to study biological characters of vesicomyid bivalves explaining their diversity and repartition at small or large scale in chemosynthetic based ecosystems. The study includes some species from various environments and geological settings in the Gulf of Guinea and Guaymas Basin. In the Gulf of Guinea, environmental geochemical parameters likely influence repartition of Christineconcha regab (dominant) and Laubiericoncha chuni (rare) along the. Regab pockmark. These species have different morphological characters (siphons, gills) and demographic strategies (Ch. Regab: continuous reproduction and L. Chuni: seasonal reproduction). Moreover both species have distinct physiological characters with circulating haemoglobin in L. Chuni and not in Ch. Regab possessing myoglobin in its feet. Symbiotic metabolism seems also more efficiency in L. Chuni than in Ch. Regab. These differences could explain their repartition in different ecological niches as L. Chuni is buried deeper in the substrate and can reach the sulphides deeper in the sediment than Ch. Regab. Then both species have a single symbiont but exchanges could occur between hosts living in dual-specific aggregates. In the Guaymas basin, three species have been observed: Calyptogena kilmeri, Calyptogena pacifica et Vesicomyagigas both last one living both in cold seeps and hydrothermal vents ecosystems. Geochemical characteristics also seem to influence repartition of the species. This study highlights differences in biological and physiological characteristics among species according to environmental heterogeneity. Variability of abiotic parameters such as sulfide concentration seem explain diversity of species at regional scale and also the depth. Indeed a significant correlation of the molecular phylogeny based on COI with the character ‘habitat depth limit’ suggests the possible recurrent events of ‘stepwise speciation’ from shallow to deep waters. This thesis underlines the interest of pluridisciplinary studies to understand diversity of symbiont-bearing species and their adaptations to their environments in deep-sea reduced environments
Geronimi, Vincent. "Les économies pétrolières du golfe de Guinée face aux chocs : apports et limites des modèles du syndrome hollandais." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100066.
Full textThe theoretical definition of Dutch disease models (from Gregory 1976, corden and neary 1982) shows their neo-classical basis. This feature explains the emphasis put on relative prices adjustment in the apparition of Dutch disease, leading to the modification of the sectoral distribution of production at the expense of the traded sectors. This specific hypothesis can be tested on the field of guinea gulf oil exporting economies (Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and Nigeria). The important methodological difficulties encountered in the empirical translation of the theoretical representation (identification of traded and non-traded sectors, and also the measurement of relative prices) led to the critic of the weight granted to relative prices adjustment. Economic policies appear as fundamental in the definition of the aftermath of the oil boom, and it is necessary to complement the relative price approach by an analysis of the role economic policies play in the definition of oil rent impact
Copinschi, Philippe. "Enjeux politiques, logiques commerciales et nouvelles normes morales : le cas du pétrole dans le golfe de Guinée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0043.
Full textFor the past fifteen years the oil scene has been going through a series of profound changes resulting from the appropriation by the oil actors of the ethical discourse of NGOs (environment, human rights, transparency and governance, etc). The pressure, which NGOs exert on multinational oil companies, has obliged many of these companies to rethink and revise their course of action. Since the 1990s the notion of corporate social responsibility has become so widespread that no oil company can afford not to follow, at least at the level of discourse. As a reaction to the ongoing critical stance of NGOs, ethical discourse has gradually come to impose itself as the norm. The mobilization of NGOs against the Chad-Cameroon project urged the international community to invent new ways of acting. As a result the World Bank imposed direct financial control on Chad thus implicitly overlooking the principle of sovereignty. The principle of sovereignty has in a way become subordinate to the principle of responsibility and accountability, which operates as a structural component of the relation between the State, the international community and transnational private financial actors. The new ethical norms, initiated by NGOs and propagated by the companies, are imposed on the States and influence their capacity to act independently
Ngoma, Bertin Yves. "Droit pétrolier et durabilité au Congo-Brazzaville dans le golfe de Guinée : prospective d'une politique petrolière durable." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0542.
Full textTo study in general under the public policy angle the legal conditions of the hydrocarbon exploitation in gulf of Guinea (NIGERIA, COTE D'IVOIRE, CAMEROUN, GUINEE EQUATORIALE, GABON, CONGO, ANGOLA. . . ) and more especially to the CONGO-Brazzaville comes back to circumscribe there besides the specific instruments pertaining above all, the international context, politics, economic and social in which spread out these legal means. The sustainable development concept, while seeing its progressively specified content, home topic to controversies and not only when it is about integrating him in the oil politics of countries producers. Then, how not to contribute in search of a normative connotation of the sustainable development confronted to the main economic of the aimed countries ? in the same time, it seems that the public action in economic matter rests on the abandonment of the authoritative direction of the legal norms, encouraging so the financial interventions. To what conditions does the oil right can from then on, it himself accomoder of such an evolution of the public right ? A thing is certain: it will be necessary to not only among the future consequences of the ambient oil productivity of adjustments illuminated by the sustainable development concept but again premises of the energizing activity diversification thanks to new, more ecological energy promotion. New stakes impose themselves therefore to countries producers of oil without no concession in spite of the detail of their development stadium; stakes to which they should know how to adjust
Zagol, Irène-Andrée. "Sur la qualité des acides gras polyinsaturés présents dans quelques poissons frais ou fumés du Golfe de Guinée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30024.
Full textSunnu, Albert. "Etude expérimentale des flux et des caractéristiques physiques des poussières sahariennes dans les régions proches du golfe de guinée." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136301.
Full textLaibi, Raoul Adéniyi. "Dynamique actuelle d'une embouchure fluviale estuarienne à flèche sableuse, la Bouche du Roi, Bénin, Golfe de Guinée : caractérisation hydrosédimentaire et géomorphologique." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0407.
Full textThe Mono river estuary is established in the Western part of the Benin coastal zone. It's a microtidal estuary with predominance of swell. It ensures the exchanges with the sea by means of a tidal inlet named "Bouche du Roi". It forms a coastal hydro-sedimentary system associated with three generations of sand barrier which attest the last marine oscillations of the recent Quaternary. This thesis work studies the dynamics of these barriers-inlets on various temporal scales and according to a multi-field approach. The results show that the two old sand barriers are built and destroyed at the rhythm of marine level variations of recent Quaternary. On the other hand, the contemporary dynamics of the current barrier results in the morphogenesis of a spit-creek system, under control of littoral drift, tide conditions and hydrological seasons of the Mono river. Before the startup of Nangbeto dam, because of the temporary character of the Mono flows, the spit-creek morphodynamic was limited in space and time. But since the operating of the dam in 1987, the spit-creek morphodynamic became persistent, owing to consistency and permanence of Mono flows from now on controlled by the dam. The effects of this anthropic morphodynamics on the physical and human environment are immeasurable : loss of touristic beach, swallowing up of grounds and cultures (salt productions, agrarian cultures, aquacultures,...), destruction of dwellings and other socio-community infrastructures (schools, roads,...), populations displacements, exhumation of late parents remains,... The migration solution proposed consists in displacement of Hokoue and Docloboe populations and in periodical practice (every 7 years) of mechanical breaches on the level of Avlo beach
Danhoue, Gogoue Achille. "Le régime juridique de l'activité pétrolière offshore en Afrique Subsaharienne, le cas d'un état francophone du Golfe de Guinée : la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0003.
Full textThe States of the Gulf of Guinea in general and Ivory Coast in particular have a seafront on the South Atlantic Ocean and have a sedimentary basin rich in hydrocarbons. The exploitation of this natural resource allows these States to gather capital to finance their development, but it is at the heart of economic, strategic, geopolitical and environmental issues which have prompted the establishment of a legal framework that deserves to be known.This legal framework, which includes international and national standards, applies to the upstream side of offshore petroleum activity as well as to the consequences that it is likely to have on the marine and coastal environment.Thus, the legal regime applicable to offshore oil activity has two objectives: the supervision of oil operations with the interpersonal and the supervision of the consequences of this activity with a view to effective protection of the environment
Chukwueke, Chidi. "Quantification des processus sédimentaires, subsidence et flux thermique dans le delta du Niger (partie distale) : Modélisation d'une marge transformante dans le golfe de Guinée." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3008.
Full textBingono-Meba, Emmanuel-Nances. "Protection et valorisation économique de trois milieux fluvio-marins du centre du golfe de Guinée (estuaires du Gabon, du río Muni et baie de la Mondah) : biodiversité et développement durable." Montpellier 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011271v2.
Full textThe equatorial fringe of the gulf of Guinea represents an enormous floristic, fauna, and ecosystem wealth. Quite opposite to those of west Africa and Asia, they are enough well preserved, because of the weak human occupation. However, with the increase of the urban population, we can see a certain erosion of this biodiversity. While the first actions of these forests conservation and their fauna began about a century ago, important projects of conservation are being done for ten years and that the idea of an economic value for a lasting exploitation is starting to interest all the actors (explorers, conservators, local communities, political decision makers), new partnership actions proposed during the summit of sustainable development in Johannesburg in 2002 should be soon concretized. The protected areas, tools of conservation of the biodiversity are shown in Gabon and in Equatorial Guinea as well. Their openness to the ecotourism, on this coastal zone of the Corisco bay is the object of this study
Bingono, Meba Emmanuel-Nances. "Protection et valorisation de trois milieux fluvio-marins du centre du golfe de Guinée (estuaires du Gabon, du río Muni et baie de la Mondah) : biodiversité et développement durable." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011271.
Full textAlors que les premières actions de sauvegarde de ces forêts et de leur faune ont débuté il y a environ un siècle, que de grands projets de conservation sont en cours depuis une dizaine d'années et que l'idée d'une valorisation économique pour une exploitation durable commence à intéresser tous les acteurs, de nouvelles actions en partenariat, proposées lors du sommet de Johannesburg (2002), devraient bientôt se concrétiser.
Les aires protégées, outils de conservation de la biodiversité, sont un enjeu tant au Gabon qu'en Guinée équatoriale. Leur ouverture à l'écotourisme, sur la zone littorale, à rias, de la baie de Corisco, est l'objet de cette étude.
Nexer, Maëlle. "Etude conjointe des réseaux de drainage et des paléocôtes plioquaternaires soulevées : exemples de l’Indonésie et du golfe Normand Breton." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258570.
Full textStudies dealing with drainage developed on paleoshorelines are scarce. To better our knowledge on evolution of these particular coastal landforms, we developed a morphometric analyse used in different settings. This method include the calculation of 15 morphometric indices extracted from relief, drainage network and the coast. Three areas have been studied in this way: Sumba Island (Indonesia), Huon Peninsula (Papua-New-Guinea) and the NW of Normandy (France). The two areas located in Asia have been chose to study the evolution of drainage network developed on sequences of coral reef terraces evidences of a wide range of uplift rates (0. 02 to 3. 4 mm/yr). There, the drainage evolution have been quantified by the analysis of eight morphometric indices then correlated to uplift rates. In the NW of Normandy (France), the sequence of marine terraces and rasas undergo low and constant uplift rates (~0. 06 mm/yr). The morphometric analysis of this coastal landform have been realised in order to better understand the mechanism which influence the degradation of these reliefs in a temperate climate. These local studies permit to better the knowledge on the studied sequences of fossil shoreline and the associated uplift rates. Finally, from these three studied areas, the chronology of the development of the neo-formed drainage on these zone newly, gained from the land have been established in different setting (climate, geology and tectonic)
Kamsu, Tamo Pierre Honoré. "Analyse de la variabilité atmosphérique à l'échelle intrasaisonnière et de sa prévisibilité au dessus de la côte guinéenne et de l'Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066401/document.
Full textIn this study we document the intraseasonal variability of the tropical convection and its predictability during the rainy season over the Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Here, our study mainly focuses on seasons of the year for which the ITCZ is north of the equator. Based separate studies carried out on March to June and September to November seasons, we are able to identify three main modes of variability that modulate tropical convection and rainfall in West and Central Africa. During these two seasons, while individual rain-producing systems move westward, their activity is highly modulated by eastward propagating subregional and regional scale systems. Results of detailed analysis indicate the coupling between tropical convection and equatorial Kelvin wave in the region. The phases of these eastward propagating signals play an important role by regulating the organization of convective systems. Moreover, the role played by westward propagating signals (Rossby wave in particular) and Mediterranean air intrusion needs to be taken into account. These systems by interacting with Kelvin wave, may modulate the phases of convective activity in the region. Therefore, external forcing associated with these systems can be useful to the predictability of the intraseasonal modes the region. A multi model diagnostic study is performed using data available from the TIGGE project in order to evaluate the predictability of each of the main modes of variability. For a typical phase of these modes, there seems to be a statistically significant skill associated with predictability of beyond 10 days, especially for predictions initiated from active main sources
Quéméneur, Philippe. "Caractérisation géotechnique en zone d"offshore" profond et analyse régionale de la stabilité des pentes : application à quelques secteurs de la pente continentale du golfe de Guinée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL073N.
Full textSunnu, Albert Kojo. "An experimental study of the saharian dust physical characteristics and fluxes near the gulf of Guinea = [Etude expérimentale des flux et des caractéristiques physiques des poussières sahariennes dans les régions proches du golfe de Guinée]." Toulon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136301.
Full textAThe physical parameters that characterise the Saharan dust aerosol usually present in the environment near the Gulf of Guinea during the months of November to March, known locally as the Harmattan season, have been determined over a 7-year period, using Ghana as a reference geographical location. The dust particle size distributions are obtained and discussed. The dust flux and deposition rate are also estimated. Within the dust particle size range measured (0. 5 µm – 25 µm), the yearly average number and mass concentrations are found to vary from 24 to 63 particles per cm3 and 168 to 1331 µg m-3 respectively. The mean particle diameter is 1. 47 µm. The annual dust deposition rate varies from 12. 7 t/km2/y to 31. 4 t/km2/y, corresponding to a ground dust layer thickness of 4. 8 µm and 11. 8 µm respectively
Laë, Raymond. "Les pêcheries artisanales lagunaires ouest-africaines : échantillonnage et dynamique de la ressource et de l'exploitation." Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2010.
Full textDa-Allada, Casimir Yélognissè. "La salinité de la couche de surface océanique dans l'océan atlantique tropical : variabilités saisonnière à interannuelle." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2150/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the variability of the ocean sea surface salinity (SSS) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, at seasonal and interannual time scales. To achieve this, we used in-situ and satellite data as well as results of ocean models. We have shown that the density and the quality of the available observations allows us to approach the salinity balance in the mixed-layer in the whole tropical Atlantic basin and mixed-layer salinity balance is more sensitive to currents than to freshwater flux. We investigate the main mechanisms which modulate the variability of the SSS in the tropical Atlantic and especially in the Gulf of Guinea. In the western and north-eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, the seasonal variability of SSS is controlled by advection and freshwater flux whereas, in the central basin, the salinity balance is mostly due to freshwater flux. In the Gulf of Guinea, freshwater flux does not play a key role as in previous regions and the seasonal cycle of SSS is a balance between the vertical processes (advection and diffusion) that increase SSS and the horizontal advection which decrease the SSS. We focus our analysis of SSS interannual variability in the Gulf of Guinea. Results indicate that in the northern region and in the equatorial region, SSS changes are due to changes in precipitations and evaporation and changes in oceanic processes (advection and vertical diffusion) while in the southern Gulf of Guinea only oceanic process changes can explain SSS anomalies. We noted an SSS increase in the northeastern Gulf of Guinea during the period 2002-2009. We argue that it is due mainly to decrease precipitation in this region. Finally, we also showed that the effect of the runoff is to amplify the signal of SSS and can impact the mixed layer depth, the surface currents and the sea surface temperature
Sy, Souleymane. "Impact du changement d'occupation des sols passé et à venir sur la dynamique de la circulation de la mousson ouest africaine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066208/document.
Full textBy climate models developed in the LUCID project and CMIP5 models used in the LUCID-CMIP5 projet, this thesis aims to identify and evaluate biogeophysical impacts of LULCC of the past 150 years and the end of XXIst century on surface climate in West Africa. Focusing analysis in two contrasted regions of West Africa: Sahel and Guinea where land cover change is above 5% since pre-industrial times, results reveal expansion of crops and pasture and deforestation in Guinea in all LUCID models. In this work, simulations of present-day rainfall and surface air temperature have been compared with observed datasets. Results show that the observed mean and inter-annual variability of rainfall are respectively underestimated and overestimated by most of the seven climate models. Overall surface air temperature is better simulated than precipitation.Two simulations of rainfall and surface air temperature, forced respectively with present-day and pre-industrial land cover distribution are also compared. Results show that there is no obvious/visible difference between the two simulations with respect to mean climatic values of both rainfall and temperature as if the changes in land cover did not really matter for the good representation of those variables. Finally, this thesis evaluates leaf area index (LAI) in the LUCID models and its relationships with surface climate. Observations reveal that precipitation is highly and positively correlated to foliage density with values larger or equal to 0.8 in both the Sahel and Guinea. Five out of seven models show positive correlations, but not as large as in the observations. However none of the models is able to capture a larger correlation between precipitation and LAI in Guinea than in the Sahel. Most of climate models show that correlation between LAI and surface air temperature is positive in the Sahel and negative in Guinea. It suggests that more LAI in Guinea will lead to more evapotranspiration and therefore cooler surface, while in the Sahel the albedo effect of increased LAI may dominate and increase surface temperature. Finally, analysis reveals that historical effects of land-use changes are not regionally significant among the seven climate models due to a small land-cover change prescribed in these regions compared to the changes induced by large scale forcing such as sea surface temperatures changes and CO2 concentration increase.Furthermore, biogeophysical impact of land-use change in the XXIst Century climate were evaluated using specific simulations similar to RCP8.5 scenarios but with a prescribed fixed land cover map on 2006. The analysis reveals, that in contrast of last 150 years, deforestation continues in the coming years in tropical region in scenarios resulting from the extension of the cultivated area reaching 15 million km2 in 2100 over tropical Africa. Regionally, the biogeophysical impacts of projected changes in land cover in RCP8.5 scenarios were generally small but statistically significant in the Sahel and Central Africa regions where deforestation is more than 10% with a wide dispersion of climate response due to differents parameterizations of land surface in climate models
Belomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.
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