Academic literature on the topic 'Creoles - Haiti'
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Journal articles on the topic "Creoles - Haiti"
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Jolivétte, Andrew. "Migratory Movement: The Politics of Ethnic Community (Re) Construction Among Creoles of Color, 1920-1940." Ethnic Studies Review 28, no. 2 (2005): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2005.28.2.37.
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This article considers the social and economic conditions under which Creoles of Color left the state of Louisiana from 1920-1940.1 Because Creoles in the years following 1920 were legally reclassified as black, many lost their land, social and legal rights, and access to education as well as the possibility of upward mobility to which they had previously had access when they were accorded the status of a distinct/legal ethnic group. Creole families had to make decisions about the economic, social, religious, and cultural futures of their children and the community as a whole. As a form of resistance to colonial and neocolonial rule, thousands of Creoles left Louisiana, following the pattern established by members of the previous generation who had anticipated the advent and implications of the new legal racial system as far back as the mid to late 1800s and had engaged in the first wave of migration from 1840-1890, moving primarily from rural ethnic enclaves to larger urban cities within the US and to international sites such as Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, Brazil, and other parts of the Caribbean and Latin America where racial lines were more fluid (Gehman, 1994).
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Valdman, Albert, Anne-José Villeneuve, and Jason F. Siegel. "On the influence of the standard norm of Haitian Creole on the Cap Haïtien dialect." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 30, no. 1 (2015): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.30.1.01val.
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Among French-based creoles, Haitian Creole has the highest degree of standardization, with a written norm, Standard Haitian Creole (SHC), based on Port-au-Prince monolinguals’ speech. To evaluate the influence of SHC on regional varieties, we conducted, in and around Cap Haïtien, a sociolinguistic study of Northern Haitian Creole (Capois). In addition to stereotypical features such as the possessive kin a + pronoun (vs. SHC pa + pronoun), we uncovered several Capois features still in widespread use in Northern Haiti. In this article, we focus on the most frequently occurring variable, the third person singular pronoun (3sg), which alternates between SHC li/l, and Capois i/y. We show that SHC li has yet to replace Capois i, which is preferred by a large proportion of community members. For both the rural and urban populations, this variable is conditioned by syntactic and phonological factors. Despite shared tendencies, urban speakers’ lower rate of Capois variant use and stronger phonological conditioning may be due to their greater exposure to speakers from other areas of Haiti, and to closer contact with the standard. Although most speakers, especially older ones, recognized SHC’s higher prestige, they evidenced more positive attitudes toward their own speech.
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Parham, Angel Adams. "Comparative Creoles: Race, Identity, and Difference Between Louisiana and its Caribbean Counterparts." Quebec Studies 71, no. 1 (2021): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2021.6.
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This essay places Louisiana Creole culture and identity into comparative perspective with the evolution of Creole identity and créolité in Haiti and the French Antilles. While Haitian and Antillean intellectuals wrestled at the crossroads of French and African culture over the course of the twentieth century, the leading intellectuals of Louisiana’s Creole society were more likely to embrace French language and culture than to work self-consciously to integrate African influences into their understanding of themselves. A similar kind of cultural reckoning did not occur among Louisiana Creole writers and intellectuals until late in the twentieth century. The essay uses a comparative approach to examine the factors that have led to Louisiana taking such a different approach to Creole identity and cultural expression and considers how the community may evolve in the years to come. Cet essai situe la culture et l’identité créoles louisianaises dans une perspective comparée avec l’évolution de l’identité créole et de la créolité en Haïti et aux Antilles françaises. Lorsque des intellectuels haïtiens et antillais travaillaient au carrefour des cultures française et africaine au parcours du vingtième siècle, les intellectuels du chef de file de la société créole de la Louisiane tendaient plus à engager la langue et la culture françaises que de chercher à intégrer consciemment les influences africaines dans leur conception identitaire. Ce n’est que plus tard dans le vingtième siècle que nous témoignons d’une reconnaissance culturelle similaire chez les écrivains et les intellectuels de la Louisiane créole. Cet essai aborde de manière comparée les éléments qui contribuaient à une approche si différente à l’identité et l’expression culturelle créoles en Louisiane et considère comment la communauté pourraient évoluer à l’avenir.
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Valdman, Albert. "Emploi du créole comme langue d'enseignement et décréolisation en Haïti." Language Problems and Language Planning 10, no. 2 (1986): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.10.2.01val.
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SUMMARY The Use of Creole in Education and Decreolization in Haiti This article attempts to show that, as is the case for related French-based creoles coexisting with their lexifier language, Haitian Creole (HC) is subject to decreolization. According to the dynamic model proposed, pidginization, creolization, and decreolization do not constitute clearly demarcated successive states. In fact, decreolization, characterized by the use of forms moving closer to corresponding French forms, appeared from the very moment that HC emerged as a relatively stabilized speech variety. This view is supported by the examination of the earliest written texts for HC, dating from the end of the late colonial period and the early post-independence years. As is the case today, creolization was accelerated by the extension of the use of the vernacular to domains previously reserved to French. But the driving force behind decreolization is the situation of linguistic conflict, marked by a deep ambivalence toward the two coexisting languages on the part of both the bilingual elite and the monolingual HC-speaking masses. While it does lead to a valorization of HC, this ambivalence drives monolingual speakers to select frenchifying forms or those viewed as such. Two opposite trends are observable in standardization. The first, characterizing the leaders of the movement for the valorization of HC and for its use in education and religion, sets as its model rural monolingual speech. The second, appearing in radio and television, favors the frenchifying speech of the urban bilingual elites. In the absence of formal language planning on the part of governmental agencies, the standard form of HC—and, in the long run, the survival of the language as an autonomous speech form—depends on the relative effect of these two currents on the creole-speak-ing masses. In the area of education there is a risk that, should the standard written form of HC diverge excessively from the varieties used by monolingual speakers, the latter would decide that the interests of their children are best served by the use of the dominant language as a classroom language. RESUMO Utiligo de la kreola kiel lingvo de instruado, kaj malkreoligo en Haitio La artikolo celas montri, ke, same kiel ce rilataj francebazitaj kreolaj lingvoj, kiuj kunekzistas kun sia leksikonperanta lingvo, la haitia kreola lingvo (HK) emas al malkreoligo. Laǔ la dinamika modelo tie ci proponita, piginigo, kreoligo kaj malkreoligo ne konsistigas klare apartigitajn stadiojn. Efektive, malkreoliĝo, kiun karakterizas la utiligo de formoj pliproksimiĝantaj al francaj formoj, aperis ekde la momento kiam HK aperis kiel relative stabiligita parolspeco. Tiun vidpunkton subtenas ekzamenado de la plej fruaj skribitaj tekstoj de HK, kiuj datigas de la malfrua kolonia periodo kaj la fruaj jaroj post sendependigo. Kiel hodiaǔ okazas, kreoliĝon plirapidigis la fakto, ke oni plilarĝigis la utiligon de la indigena lingvo en terenojn antafie rezervitajn al la franca lingvo. Sed la impulsa forto malantaǔ malkreoligo estas la situacio de lingva konflikto, kiun karakterizas profunda sanceligo inter la du kunekzistantaj lingvoj flanke de la dulingva elito kaj ankaǔ de la unulingva amaso de parolantoj de HK. Kvankam tio ja altigas la prestigon de HK, la sanceligo igas unulingvulojn elekti francigitajn formojn aǔ formojn, kiujn ili rigardas kiel francajn. Oni povas observi en la normigo du konfliktajn emojn. La unua emo, kiun montras la gvidantoj de la movado por plivalorigo de HK kaj por ĝia utiligo en edukado kaj religio, uzas kiel modelon unu-lingvan kamparan paroladon. La dua emo, kiu montriĝas en radio kaj televido, favoras la francigan parolmanieron de la dulingvaj urbaj elitoj. Dum mankas formala lingvo-planado flanke de registaraj instancoj, la norma formo de HK—kaj, en pli longa daǔro, la pluvivo de la lingvo kiel aǔtonoma parolformo—dependas de la relativa efiko de tiuj du emoj če la kreolparolantaj amasoj. Se temas pri edukado, oni riskas, ke, se la norma skriba formo de HK troe divergus de la parolspecoj uzataj de unulingvuloj, ci-lastaj decidus, ke la interesoj de iliaj infanoj estus plej bone sekvataj se ili utiligus la dominan lingvon kiel lingvon de la klasčambro.
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Fattier, Dominique. "Le français en Haïti, le français d’Haïti." Journal of Language Contact 7, no. 1 (2014): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00701005.
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Focusing on French, I show how ecological factors influence language evolution. After explaining what the ecological approach consists of, I provide a chronological description of language contacts involving French in Saint-Domingue / Haïti. I focus on the various effects of these contacts, particularly on the emergence of a French-based creole thanks to speakers’ informal acquisition of French. After providing a description of the French spoken by the founding fathers of the ex-colony, I turn to different contributions by Haitians to representations and descriptions of French in Haiti. I conclude by providing some elements of Haiti’s modern sociolinguistic situation.
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Hilaire, Jeannot. "Haiti: The Creole Heritage Today." Matatu 27, no. 1 (2003): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000452.
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McAlister, Elizabeth. "From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 41, no. 2 (2012): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429812441310.
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Enslaved Africans and Creoles in the French colony of Saint-Domingue are said to have gathered at a nighttime meeting at a place called Bois Caïman in what was both political rally and religious ceremony, weeks before the Haitian Revolution in 1791. The slave ceremony is known in Haitian history as a religio-political event and used frequently as a source of inspiration by nationalists, but in the 1990s, neo-evangelicals rewrote the story of the famous ceremony as a “blood pact with Satan.” This essay traces the social links and biblical logics that gave rise first to the historical record, and then to the neo-evangelical rewriting of this iconic moment. It argues that the confluence of the bicentennial of the Haitian Revolution with the political contest around President Aristide’s policies, the growth of the neo-evangelical Spiritual Mapping movement, and of the Internet, produced a new form of mythmaking, in which neo-evangelicals re-signified key symbols of the event—an oath to a divine force, blood sacrifice, a tree, and group unity—from the mythical grammar of Haitian nationalism to that of neo-evangelical Christianity. In the many ironies of this clash between the political afterlife of a slave uprising with the political afterlife of biblical scripture, Haiti becomes a nation held in captivity, and Satan becomes the colonial power who must be overthrown. Un groupe d’esclaves africains et créoles se seraient réunis une nuit à Bois Caïman, dans la colonie française de Saint-Domingue. L’évènement qui eut lieu quelques semaines avant la révolution haïtienne de 1791 fut décrit à la fois comme un rassemblement politique et une cérémonie religieuse. Cette cérémonie organisée par des esclaves constitue un évènement politico-religieux important dans l’histoire haïtienne, une source d’inspiration fréquente pour les nationalistes. Dans les années 1990, cependant, un groupe néo évangélique réécrivit l’histoire de cette fameuse cérémonie qualifiée de “pacte sanguinaire avec Satan.” L’essai retrace donc les liens sociaux et les logiques bibliques qui ont conduit les néo évangéliques à réécrire ce moment iconique. L’essai soutient que la confluence des révoltes en réaction à la politique du Président Aristide lors du bicentenaire de la révolution haïtienne ainsi que la montée du mouvement néo évangélique, Cartographie Spirituelle, et celle de l’Internet participèrent à créer de nouveaux mythes: les néo évangéliques donnèrent un sens nouveau aux symboles clés de l’évènement —un serment à une force divine, un sacrifice sanglant, un arbre et l’union du groupe— de la grammaire mythique du nationalisme haïtien à celle de la chrétienté néo évangélique. A travers les nombreuses ironies de la confrontation entre l’héritage politique d’un soulèvement d’esclaves et l’héritage politique des Saintes Ecritures, Haïti devient une nation tenue en captivité, et Satan, le pouvoir colonial qu’il faut renverser.
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Munro, Martin. "The Apocalyptic Creole, from Dessalines to the Chimères." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 1 (2013): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.17.1.105.
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In this article, I explore the idea of the hybrid, creolized subject in Haiti as a kind of living phantom. To do so, I refer initially to the notion of the “Creole Dessalines,” the idea that Haiti’s first leader was island-born and culturally creole. I then move forward in time 200 years, to just before the bicentenary, a time that seemed to usher back into Haitian society figures that appear to echo in many ways the creole Dessalines in their ambiguous, contradictory values, actions, and relations to broader Haitian society. These figures are the so-called Chimères, the term used to refer to the gangs from the shantytowns of Port-au-Prince who were used in the service of Jean-Bertrand Aristide’s government and who developed a reputation for extreme violence, used against the antigovernment popular movement. Beginning with a discussion of the origins of the Chimères, I will then focus on three works in which the Chimères figure prominently: the documentary films Ghosts of Cité Soleil and Haïti, la fin des chimères, and Lyonel Trouillot’s Bicentenaire. In all but Trouillot’s work, the prominent Chimères brothers known as Billy and Tupac are featured, which allows one to move from the general conceptions of the Chimères into the particular realities of these individual lives.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 85, no. 3-4 (2011): 265–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002433.
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Create Dangerously: The Immigrant Artist at Work, by Edwidge Danticat (reviewed by Colin Dayan) Gordon K. Lewis on Race, Class and Ideology in the Caribbean, edited by Anthony P. Maingot (reviewed by Bridget Brereton) Freedom and Constraint in Caribbean Migration and Diaspora, edited by Elizabeth Thomas-Hope (reviewed by Mary Chamberlain) Black Europe and the African Diaspora, edited by Darlene Clark Hine, Trica Danielle Keaton & Stephen Small (reviewed by Gert Oostindie) Caribbean Middlebrow: Leisure Culture and the Middle Class, by Belinda E dmondson (reviewed by Karla Slocum) Global Change and Caribbean Vulnerability: Environment, Economy and Society at Risk, edited by Duncan McGregor, David Dodman & David Barker (reviewed by Bonham C. Richardson) Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic, by Ashli White (reviewed by Matt Clavin) Red and Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934-1957, by Matthew J. Smith (reviewed by Robert Fatton Jr.) Cuba in the American Imagination: Metaphor and the Imperial Ethos, by Louis A. Pérez Jr. (reviewed by Camillia Cowling) Seeds of Insurrection: Domination and Resistance on Western Cuban Plantations, 1808-1848, by Manuel Barcia (reviewed by Matt D. Childs) Epidemic Invasions: Yellow Fever and the Limits of Cuban Independence, 1878-1930, by Mariola Espinosa (reviewed by Cruz Maria Nazario) The Cuban Connection: Drug Trafficking, Smuggling, and Gambling in Cuba from the 1920s to the Revolution, by Eduardo Sáenz Rovner (reviewed by IvelawLloyd Griffith) Before Fidel: The Cuba I Remember, by Francisco José Moreno, and The Boys from Dolores: Fidel Castro’s Schoolmates from Revolution to Exile, by Patrick Symmes (reviewed by Pedro Pérez Sarduy) Lam, by Jacques Leenhardt & Jean-Louis Paudrat (reviewed by Sally Price) Healing Dramas: Divination and Magic in Modern Puerto Rico, by Raquel Romberg (reviewed by Grant Jewell Rich) Puerto Rican Citizen: History and Political Identity in Twentieth-Century New York City, by Lorrin Thomas (reviewed by Jorge Duany) Livestock, Sugar and Slavery: Contested Terrain in Colonial Jamaica, by Verene A. Shepherd (reviewed by Justin Roberts) Daddy Sharpe: A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Samuel Sharpe, a West Indian Slave Written by Himself, 1832, by Fred W. Kennedy (reviewed by Gad Heuman) Becoming Rasta: Origins of Rastafari Identity in Jamaica, by Charles Price (reviewed by Jahlani A. Niaah) Reggaeton, edited by Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall & Deborah Pacini Hernandez (reviewed by Alexandrine Boudreault-Fournier) Carriacou String Band Serenade: Performing Identity in the Eastern Caribbean, by Rebecca S. Miller (reviewed by Nanette de Jong) Caribbean Visionary: A.R.F. Webber and the Making of the Guyanese Nation, by Selwyn R. Cudjoe (reviewed by Clem Seecharan) Guyana Diaries: Women’s Lives Across Difference, by Kimberely D. Nettles (reviewed by D. Alissa Trotz) Writers of the Caribbean Diaspora: Shifting Homelands, Travelling Identities, edited by Jasbir Jain & Supriya Agarwal (reviewed by Joy Mahabir) Queen of the Virgins: Pageantry and Black Womanhood in the Caribbean, by M. Cynthia Oliver (reviewed by Tami Navarro) Notions of Identity, Diaspora, and Gender in Caribbean Women’s Writing, by Brinda Mehta (reviewed by Marie-Hélène Laforest) Authority and Authorship in V.S. Naipaul, by Imraan Coovadia (reviewed by A shley Tellis) Typo/Topo/Poéthique sur Frankétienne, by Jean Jonassaint (reviewed by Martin Munro) Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects, edited by Bettina Migge, Isabelle Léglise & Angela Bartens (reviewed by Jeff Siegel) Material Culture in Anglo-America: Regional Identity and Urbanity in the Tidewater, Lowcountry, and Caribbean, edited by David S. Shields (reviewed by Susan Kern) Tibes: People, Power, and Ritual at the Center of the Cosmos, edited by L. Antonio Curet & Lisa M. Stringer (reviewed by Frederick H. Smith)
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Robertshaw, Matthew. "Kreyòl anba Duvalier, 1957–1986." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 93, no. 3-4 (2019): 231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09303054.
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Abstract The Duvalier presidencies were a devastating chapter in the history of Haiti. There is, however, one aspect of Haitian society that went through unexpected progress in the midst of these despotic regimes. Haitian Creole has long been excluded from formal and written contexts, despite being the only language common to all Haitians. The debate over whether Creole should be used in formal contexts for the sake of the country’s development and democratization began in earnest at the start of the twentieth century but was far from being resolved when François Duvalier came to power in 1957. Surprisingly, perceptions of Creole changed drastically during the Duvalier era, so that by the time Jean-Claude Duvalier fell from power in 1986 the status of Creole had improved markedly, so much that it had become typical for Haitians to use the language, along with French, in virtually all contexts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Creoles - Haiti"
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Fattier, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude de la genèse d'un créole : l'Atlas linguistique d'Hai͏̈ti, cartes et commentaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10040.
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L'objet de cette these est double : il s'agit de proposer un grand corpus d'haitien parle, tout en tentant, par le commentaire de ce corpus, d'eclairer la genese de ce creole. L'enquete a porte sur 20 localites du milieu rural ou ont ete interroges des temoins unilingues. L'enquete a permis de constituer une banque de donnees fiables. La plus grande partie de la these est dediee aux commentaires (vol. 1 et ii) associes aux cartes (vol. Iii, iv, v, vi). Cet ensemble est accompagne d'une introduction, de conclusions, de deux index et d'une bibliographie. Nous nous sommes interessee par dessus tout aux implications genetiques decoulant de l'examen des donnees geolinguistiques. Ce qui explique qu'en regle generale, dans les commentaires, l'accent soit mis sur l'analyse diachronique et comparative. Nous avons cherche a mettre en evidence, de facon systematique, le role du francais ("koine d'oil") dans la formation du creole haitien. L'examen du materiau linguistique collecte a permis de progresser dans la comprehension du phenomene de la creolisation. Le resultat le plus saillant de l'etude est la mise en evidence du caractere massif de l'heritage francais. Nous avons accorde moins d'attention au role des langues de l'afrique de l'ouest, sauf dans quelques commentaires et dans les conclusions ou se trouve explicite ce qui a pu etre decouvert des influences africaines au plan semantique et syntaxique<br>The purpose of the study is twofold : first, to elucidate the general processus of creolization of language in haiti ; second, to provide empirical input for further works. Our study centered on 20 localities. The methodology consisted of extensive interviews with illiterate unilingual peasants. The atlas brings together authentic data. The major part of this thesis is taken up by map's commentaries (vol. I and ii) and maps (vol. Iii, iv, v, and vi). The whole is rounded off with an introduction, a few conclusions (pp. 974-992), two index (pp. 993- 1016) and a bibliography (pp. 1017-1029). We were interested, above all, in the genetical implications that ensued from dialect investigation using the geolinguistic methods of dialect analysis. In general, in the commentaries, emphasis is laid upon diachronic and comparative study. Of special interest to us was the role or influence of french ("koine d'oil") in the formation of haitian creole (hc). The storehouse of information on dialects that has beeen compiled has contributed significantly to our understanding of the creolization phenomenon. The most important finding is the major role of the french language in the genesis of hc. Relative little attention was paid to west african influences, except in part of some commentaries, and in conclusions that discussed the african legacy. Both of the syntax and the semantics of hc show west african reflexes
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Downes, Kathleen M. "Contagious Deadly Sins: Yellow Fever in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans Literature." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2065.
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Throughout the nineteenth century, New Orleans was repeatedly plagued by yellow fever epidemics. In this paper, cultural representations of yellow fever are considered in three novels: Baron Ludwig Von Reizenstein’s The Mysteries of New Orleans (1854-1855), George Washington Cable’s The Grandissimes (1880), and Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis’ The Queen’s Garden (1900). Because the etiology was unknown during the nineteenth century, yellow fever becomes a floating signifier on which to project the ills they observed in New Orleans society. Yellow fever thus becomes a representation of loose sexual mores, as well as a divinely retributive punishment for slavery, or a sign of adherence to an unequal, antiquated, aristocratic and un-American social system. Yellow fever, in these texts, exposes the struggles with race and racial superiority and illuminates tensions between groups of whites as New Orleans became an American city.
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Caisse, Peter Thomas 1986. "A vitalidade linguística dos crioulos do Haiti e da Luisiana = os limites da política e das atitudes linguísticas." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/268966.
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Orientador: Tânia Maria Alkmim<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T05:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: O Haiti e a Luisiana são ligados por vários paralelos sociohistóricos. Ambos sofreram colonização francesa e espanhola, sendo mais marcados pela primeira. Nos dois lugares foi implantada a economia plantation na qual a mão-de-obra era de escravos do oeste da África. A organização social e demográfica resultante - isto é, uma população majoritariamente escrava e linguisticamente diversa que tinha contato limitado com os senhores franceses - levou à formação de dois crioulos franceses distintos e estruturalmente parecidos. Contudo, apesar dessas semelhanças do período colonial, atualmente, o crioulo haitiano é o crioulo mais falado do mundo e o crioulo da Luisiana está moribundo. Neste trabalho, examinam-se quais foram os motivos sociohistóricos do período pós-colonial que resultaram nessas duas realidades contrastantes, tratando da política linguística, especificamente a legislação linguística, a padronização e a educação, e de questões acerca de atitudes linguísticas, além de considerações mais práticas - geográficas e socioeconômicas - envolvidas na formação da vitalidade de uma língua<br>Abstract: Haiti and Louisiana are connected via a number of sociohistorical parallels. Both were colonized by the French and the Spanish, but were much more culturally and linguistically influenced by the French presence. In both places, the plantation economy system took hold with a labor force comprised of West African slaves. The resulting social organization and demography - i.e. a linguistically diverse slave majority with limited contact with their French masters - lead to the formation of two distinct but structurally similar French creoles. However, despite these similarities between Haiti and Louisiana during the colonial period, Haitian Creole is currently the most spoken creole language in the world while Louisiana Creole is moribund. In this thesis, the sociohistorical factors of the post-colonial period that resulted in these two contrasting linguistic realities are examined, with an analysis of the language policy - specifically language legislation, standardization, and education - and its impact, as well as that of language attitudes and of more practical issues such as geography and economics, in shaping the vitality of these two languages<br>Mestrado<br>Linguistica<br>Mestre em Linguística
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Sauvé, Lisa-Marie. "Sak pase (what's going on)? : reading and spelling skills of bilingual Haitian children in French Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112514.
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Linguists and psychologists alike have long overlooked the study of creole languages. We know very little about language and reading acquisition in young creole speakers. The aim of the present study was to examine the development of reading-related skills in native speakers of Haitian Creole (HC), a French-based creole, educated in French. In order to isolate the effects of speaking two highly similar languages, we compared Haitian children in 1st and 2nd grade to Spanish-French bilingual children and French monolingual children from European descent. Children from our sample were from five different schools in Montreal and had similar socioeconomic status. Participants were tested individually over three sessions on French standardized and experimental tasks assessing metalinguistic awareness, reading, comprehension, vocabulary and mathematical skills. Bilingual children were also tested on reading and spelling tasks in HC and Spanish. Results showed that HC and Spanish bilinguals performed as well as French native speakers on metalinguistic and reading tasks. However, Spanish-speaking children received lower scores than children in the two other groups on a receptive vocabulary measure. In an experimental task comparing the spelling of words of varying phonological similarity in HC and French, Haitian children had more difficulty spelling words that are cognates in HC and French than homophones or noncognate translations. Findings from this study were interpreted in light of the Bilingual Interactive Activation model (Dijsktra & Van Heuven, 1998).
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Paul, Marie Ensie. "La méthode comparative historique appliquée au syntagme prédicatif des créoles français de Guadeloupe/ Martinique, Haïti et Louisiane : interrogations et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030120.
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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la linguistique fonctionnelle. C’est un mémoire de linguistique comparative historique qui se veut une contribution à l’établissement de la parenté entre trois franco-créoles : le haïtien, l‘antillais (Guadeloupe & Martinique) et le louisianais et les variétés de français colonial. Une comparaison du syntagme prédicatif des trois franco-créoles est réalisée dans un premier temps puis la comparaison est établie avec les variétés de français colonial. Le corpus étudié est constitué de deux ensembles de textes. Il s’agit de textes créoles anciens et de documents relatifs aux variétés de français colonial. Les documents créoles étudiés s’étalent sur une période allant de 1671 à 1850, 1804 et 1867 respectivement pour les territoires de Guadeloupe / Martinique, Haïti et Louisiane. Le système TMA, la négation, les verbes sériels, la copule et l’expression du passif sont les points étudiés. Les points retenus pour l’étude ont été sélectionnés en vertu de l’intérêt qu’ils ont suscité dans la littérature<br>Within the framework of functionalism, this dissertation is a historical comparative research that aims at bringing a contribution to the establishment of relatedness between three French-based Creoles (Haitian, Antillean (Guadeloupe/Martinique) Louisianan and the varieties of colonial French. The predicative syntagm of the three Creoles are compared on one hand and on the other hand a comparison is established with the varieties of colonial French. The corpus is compound of two kinds of texts: the texts showing the early stage of the Creole languages and the documents showing the language state of Colonial French. The Creole documents extend from a period that starts from 1671 to 1850, 1804 and 1867 respectively for Guadeloupe / Martinique, Haiti and Louisiana. The TMA system, negation, serial verbs, the copula and the expression of passivity are studied. The choice of the topics was based on the great interest observed towards them in specialized literature
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Smith, Taylor. "Étude comparative des manuels scolaires créoles en Guadeloupe, Martinique et Haïti : implications sociolinguistiques et psycholinguistiques du primaire au supérieur." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL036.pdf.
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L’objectif de cette analyse critique est d’évaluer les manuels scolaires créoles aux Petites Antilles françaises et en Haïti. Nous avons complémenté cette analyse avec des enquêtes sociolinguistiques auprès des Antillais qui ont déjà étudié ou enseigné le créole dans le milieu scolaire. Notre étude a montré que les manuels scolaires créoles des Petites Antilles françaises présentent certaines lacunes méthodologiques et linguistiques. Ces manuels n’utilisent que rarement le travail étymologique effectué en français sur les créoles à base lexicale française et ne prennent pas toujours en compte les autres recherches lexicales dans ce même domaine. Ils ne représentent que partiellement la réalité sociolinguistique de l’élève et s’appuient sur des méthodes d’enseignement traditionnelles basées sur la grammaire française, ce qui est aussi le cas pour la plupart des manuels haïtiens. Les manuels des Petites Antilles françaises sont plus axés sur les éléments folkloriques et moins sur les textes créoles modernes. Ces manuels visent le plus souvent à corriger les gallicismes des élèves plutôt qu’à leur enseigner de nouvelles compétences en créole. D’un point de vue sociolinguistique, les manuels haïtiens sont moins ouvertement complexés sur la relation du créole haïtien avec le français, mais il leur manque des éléments dans le domaine psycholinguistique. Les styles typographiques des manuels les plus anciens ne tiennent pas compte des besoins pédagogiques des jeunes enfants, tandis que les manuels plus récents, mieux structurés, semblent parfois utiliser un texte aléatoire traduit du français, alors qu’un texte original en créole haïtien aurait été mieux adapté. Les notions de littératie sont beaucoup plus présentes dans les manuels haïtiens que dans ceux des Petites Antilles françaises. En ce qui concerne le CAPES, ce dernier semble être caractérisée actuellement par un besoin urgent de réforme<br>The objective of this critical analysis is to evaluate Creole textbooks in the French Lesser Antilles and in Haiti. We've supplemented this analysis with sociolinguistic questionnaires among Creole-language educators in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Haiti. We demonstrate that Creole textbooks in the French Lesser Antilles have certain methodological and linguistic shortcomings. These textbooks rarely make use of the etymological work done in French on French-based Creoles and do not always take into account other lexical research in the same field. The textbooks only partially represent the sociolinguistic reality of the students and rely on traditional teaching methods based on French grammar, which is also the case for most Haitian textbooks. Textbooks from the Lesser French Antilles focus more on folkloric elements and less on modern Creole texts. These textbooks most often aim to correct students' gallicisms rather than to teach them new Creole skills. From a sociolinguistic point of view, Haitian textbooks are less openly complexed about the relationship of Haitian Creole with French, but lack elements in the psycholinguistic domain. The typographical styles of the older textbooks do not take into account the pedagogical needs of young children, while the more recent, better structured textbooks sometimes seem to use a random text translated from French, whereas an original text in Haitian Creole would have been better adapted. Literacy concepts are much more present in Haitian textbooks than in those of the French Lesser Antilles. As far as the CAPES is concerned, the latter currently is characterized by an urgent need for reform
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Pierre, Louis Bartholy. "Quelle autogestion des pratiques sociolinguistiques haïtiennes dans les interactions verbales scolaires et extrascolaires en Haïti ? : une approche sociodidactique de la pluralité linguistique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20052/document.
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Ce travail de recherche basé sur une approche empirico-inductive est une description analytique et une synthèse interprétative des pratiques sociolinguistiques haïtiennes à partir des représentations du français et du créole (langues co-officielles). Situé largement devant le créole haïtien et l’anglais, le français se trouve au centre de la demande sociale pour son rôle dans l’insertion socioprofessionnelle en Haïti. De par sa fonction de langue seconde par rapport au créole, langue première en Haïti, il génère des phénomènes de discriminations, d’insécurité et de sécurité dans les interactions verbales scolaires et extrascolaires. Dans ce contexte, le créole francisé comme indice d’une double identité apparente (créolofrancophone) des scolarisés ne peut remplacer le français. L’autogestion de la pluralité linguistique haïtienne est alors envisagée dans une sociodidactique de « terrain » afin de réduire l’insécurité linguistique et faciliter la réussite éducative. Cette recherche propose comme démarche, une « didactique énonciative contextualisée » considérant le français haïtien comme un construit à partir des ressources linguistico-culturelles locales autogérées et partagées et capable de transposer les pratiques quotidiennes extrascolaires des apprenants locuteurs en pratiques scolaires ordinaires pour libérer la parole<br>Based on an empirico-inductive approach, this research is an analytical description and interpretative synthesis of Haitian sociolinguistic practices from the perceptions of both French and Creole (co-official languages). Positioned way ahead of Haitian Creole and English, French is at the core of social demands due to its role in socioprofessional integration in Haiti. Because it functions as a second language compared to Haitian Creole – first language in Haiti – it generates discriminations, insecurity and security in school and extracurricular verbal interactions. In this context, Frenchified Creole as an index of school-goers' apparent double identity (CreoloFrench-Speaking) can not replace French. The self-management of Haitian linguistic plurality is then considered through « field » sociodidactics so as to reduce linguistic insecurity and facilitate educational success. The approach proposed in this study is « contextualised enunciative didactics ». It considers Haitian French as a construct from local, self-managed and shared linguistico-cultural ressources, and it allows to transpose the speaking learners' daily extra-curricular practices into ordinary school practices to liberate speech<br>Travay rechèch sa a ki chita sou yon apwòch anpiriko-endiktiv se yon deskripsyon analitik e yon sentèz entèpretativ pratik sosyolengwistik ayisyèn yo apati reprezantasyon fransè ak kreyòl (lang ko-ofisyèl). Pou wòl li nan ensèsyon sosyopwofesyonèl, fransè plase nan sant demand sosyal la devan lontan kreyòl ayisyen ak anglè. Fonksyon lang segond li parapò ak kreyòl, lang premyè an Ayiti, kreye fenomèn diskriminasyon, ensekirite e sekirite nan entèraksyon vèbal eskolè ak ekstra-eskolè. Nan kontèks sa a, kreyòl fransize kòm endis yon doub idantite sou po (créolofrakofòn) pou eskolarize yo pa kapab ranplase fransè. Otojesyon pliralite lengwistik ayisyèn nan antre nan yon sosyodidaktik « de teren » pou kapab diminye ensekirite lengwistik la epi fasilite reyisit edikativ yo. Rechèch sa a pwopoze kòm demach, yon « didaktik enonsyativ kontekstyalize » pendan l’ap konsidere fransè ayisyen kòm yon konstwi (siman) ki soti nan resous lengwistiko-kiltirèl lokal ki jere tèt yo epi ki se yon pataj ki kapab transpoze pratik bese-leve ekstra-eskolè aprenan lokitè yo an pratik eskolèòdinè pou libere la paroli
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Cothière, Darline. "L’acquisition du français L2 en contexte créolophone : la structuration des récits d’élèves en contexte scolaire haïtien à partir d’une tâche narrative." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030162.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse renseigne sur la structuration du discours d’écoliers haïtiens à des stades spécifiques de leur acquisition du français langue de scolarisation. A partir de tâche narrative de construction de récit, elle étudie d’une part leur capacité à mettre en mots des événements complexes, à produire un récit structuré et cohérent (analyse macro-structurelle) et, d’autres part, les moyens référentiels qu’ils mobilisent pour introduire, maintenir, réintroduire les protagonistes l’histoire à raconter (analyse micro-structurelle). Les récits ont été recueillis en créole haïtien L1 et en français L2 à partir de la planche narrative les Oisillons. Le corpus est constitué de 160 récits (80 en créole haïtien, 80 en français). Les enquêtés, d’âge et de niveau scolaire différents (9-10 ans/4ème année et de 11-12 ans/6ème année) viennent de 4 écoles différentes de la capitale haïtienne, positionnées différemment sur l’échelle des valeurs sociale et scolaire. L’âge, le niveau scolaire, le contexte d’appropriation du français ont été considérés pour les deux axes d’analyse. Les investigations portent essentiellement sur les récits produits en français L2, langue en cours d’acquisition mais certains éléments sont examinés au regard de la L1. Les résultats d’analyse révèlent principalement une variation importante dans le développement de la capacité narrative et linguistique des sujets en L2 entre les quatre groupes scolaires représentés. Ils montrent par la même occasion l’influence de l’école, lieu principal d’acquisition du français sur le développement des compétences linguistiques des écoliers haïtiens en L2, aspect qui est décrit dans cette présente étude<br>This doctoral dissertation provides information on how Haitian pupils structure their written text at specific stages of the process of acquiring French as their academic language. Examining how narrative stories are constructed, on the one hand, the capacity of students to express complex events (macro-structural analysis) and, on the other hand, the referential means that are put to work: introducing, maintaining, and reintroducing the protagonists and the story to tell (micro-structural analysis). Stories have been gathered in Haitian Creole L1 and in French L2 from the story les Oisillons (Young birds). The corpus is made up of 160 stories (80 in Haitian Creole, 80 in French). The pupils surveyed whose age and school level are different (9-10 years old / 4th grade and 11-12 years old / 6th grade) come from 4 different schools of the Haitian capital. These schools occupy different positions on the scale of social and school values. Several factors including age, school level, and acquisition context of the French language have been considered for the two axes of analysis. The research focuses mainly on stories written in French L2, which is the language in the process of being acquired, but some elements of L1 are also examined. The results of the analysis reveal mainly an important variation in the development of the narrative and language capacity of the subjects in L2 between the 4 school groups that are represented. At the same time, it is shown how school which is the main place for the acquisition of French influences the development of language competence of Haitian pupils in L2. This is the point that is described in this study
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Aristide, Jean-Bertrand. "Umoya wamagama (The spirit of the word)." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1340.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis entitled Umoya Wamagama endeavors to establish the nature of the relationship between IsiZulu and Haitian Kreyòl. As a member of the Nguni group, IsiZulu is spoken by Africans. On the other side, Kreyòl is spoken by African descendants of Haiti, the world's first Black independent Republic.
Viewed from a multidisciplinary perspective, these two languages exhibit a significant relationship, hence this important observation: IsiZulu- Haitian Krèyol: So Close, Yet So Far! In other words, they are far from a linguistic point of view but close from a psycho-theological perspective.
* So Far: Comparative linguistics shows that Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin.
* So Close: Born in Haiti during the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade, Kreyòl keeps alive the spirit of the African ancestors and still contains linguistic roots of ancestral languages.
Vital and vibrant is this historical relatedness linking the two languages. While Haitian Kreyòl is genetically related to French and Latin, it shares with IsiZulu an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms deeply rooted in Ubuntu.
Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. These words crystallize the essence of Ubuntu. Its psychological and theological study transcends the literal language. In that regard Umoya Wamagama refers to both literal and figurative linguistic expressions. The
emphasis however is more on the words which connote additional layers of meaning rather than those which simply denote their meanings.
The method used in this thesis is comparative, descriptive, investigative, analytic and exegetic when necessary.
Providing evidence of linguistic relationships, the comparative and analytic approach then embraces the semantic field of IsiZulu-Kreyòl as a significant psycholexicology where explanations puts an emphasis on the meaning and the spirit of the words. Siye ngomoya wamagama. Hence, the core question of addressing the psychological and theological dimensions of this research which is based on a multidisciplinary approach.
After 500 years, in the wake of European colonial expansion, the Spirit of the African slaves is still alive in the psyche and the language of the Haitian people. As we said above:
Yize isiKreyòl saseHaiti sifuze nesiFulentshi nesiLatini, sabelana nesiZulu ngokwemisuka nangokwezimiso zezinkolelo okunezimpande ezijulile emfundisweni yobuntu.
IsiZulu and Kreyòl are related through an ancestral psychodynamic and theological paradigms rooted in Ubuntu.<br>African Languages<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
Books on the topic "Creoles - Haiti"
1
Sommerfeld, Johannes. Körper, Krise und Vodou: Eine Studie zur Kreolmedizin und Gesundheitsversorgung in Haiti. Lit, 1994.
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2
Lawless, Robert. Bibliography on Haiti: English and Creole items. Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, 1985.
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Laguerre, Jowel C. Haitian Creole phrasebook: Essential expressions for communicating in Haiti. McGraw-Hill, 2011.
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Moseley, Brewster. Basic Creole (Kreyol): An Introduction to the Language of Haiti. Moseley Enterprises Inc, 1985.
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Afro-Creole: Power, opposition, and play in the Caribbean. Cornell University Press, 1997.
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Biddulph, Joseph. The noble language of Haïti: Notes on Haitïenand the creoles. Languages Information Centre, 1994.
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Freeman, Bryant C. Haitian Creole-English English-Haitian Creole medical dictionary with glossary of food and drink: Medicine in Haiti II. La Presse Evangélique, 1992.
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Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian creole. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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Valdman, Albert, Benjamin Hebblethwaite, and Iskra Iskrova. Haitian Creole-English bilingual dictionary. Edited by Indiana University, Bloomington. Creole Institute. Indiana University, Creole Institute, 2007.
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Ewen, Charles Robin. From Spaniard to Creole: The archaeology of cultural formation at Puerto Real, Haiti. University of Alabama Press, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Creoles - Haiti"
1
Etienne, Corinne. "French in Haiti." In Creole Language Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.28.12eti.
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Garrigus, John D. "The Development of Creole Society on the Colonial Frontier." In Before Haiti. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403984432_2.
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Valdman, Albert. "Decreolization or Dialect Contact in Haiti?" In Creole Language Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.9.10val.
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Garrigus, John D. "Race and Class in Creole Society: Saint-Domingue in the 1760s." In Before Haiti. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403984432_3.
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Valdman, Albert. "The Use of Creole as a School Medium and Decreolization in Haiti." In Literacy in School and Society. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0909-1_6.
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WALICEK, DON E. "Creating Interdisciplinary Knowledge about Haiti’s Creole Language." In Teaching Haiti. University of Florida Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1t2mz45.9.
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"On the Politics of Haitian Creole." In The Haiti Reader, translated by Nadève Ménard. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478007609-123.
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Authors, Various. "On the Politics of Haitian Creole." In The Haiti Reader. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220qc0.127.
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Bronfman, Alejandra. "Voice." In Isles of Noise. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469628691.003.0005.
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Taking up the problem of whether and how radio broadcasts spoke to Caribbean audiences, this chapter explores the introduction of the sounds of blackness throughout the region. The sounds of what Kamau Brathwaite called “nation language” entered the soundscapes of Haiti and Kingston with implications for the politics of belonging in the late 1950s. The voices and sounds of people speaking--in addition to singing—in creole generated a new interest in broadcasting. Radio personalities like Louise Bennett revitalized a marginalized medium and convinced ordinary people that the radio could speak to them. In Haiti, one of the first regular programs to use creole was “Le Quart d’Heure de Frère Hiss,” sponsored by Nelson Rockefeller’s Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs and staffed by Haitian actors and writers. The traditions of creole and the technological innovations that enabled the implementation of broadcasting in the Caribbean should not be imagined as two forms of media in conflict with one another. Rather they were both necessary to the production of broadcasting as a modern medium.
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Daut, Marlene L. "‘Born to Command’: Leonora Sansay and the Paradoxes of Female Benevolence as Resistance in Zelica; the Creole." In Tropics of Haiti. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381847.003.0006.
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