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Raghavendra Rao, Manasa, Thaiyar Madabusi Srinivasan, and Ravi Kumar Itagi. "Epidemiology of annual musculoskeletal injuries among male cricket players in India." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i03.023.
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Background: Injury surveillance and prevention are as significant as early detection and treatment. This study describes injuries and risk factors involved so that preventive measures can be identified. Aim: To examine the epidemiology of the annual musculoskeletal injuries among injured male cricket players. Method: This study assessed 319 male cricket players, across five State Cricket Associations from January 2017 to January 2018. Results: With an annual injury prevalence of 10.97%, prominent anatomical sites of injury were shoulder (22.85%), lumbar spine (17.14%) and knee (11.42%). Medium pacers sustained 25.71% of the injuries. Age range of 18-24 years had a prominent 37.14% of overuse injuries of which 71.42% were lumbar spine injuries. Lumbar spine injuries resulted in a distinct loss of play days (34.64%). Bowling injuries with 49.5% of loss of play days was most predisposed. Report suggests an upswing in rate of injuries in December (20%). Four surgeries were reported (11.42%). Conclusion: Overuse injuries among young cricket players need prompt attention. Shoulder, lumbar spine and knee are principal anatomical regions that are prone to injuries.
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Pardiwala, Dinshaw N., Nandan N. Rao, and Ankit V. Varshney. "Injuries in Cricket." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117732318.
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Context: Cricket is a popular global sport that requires a combination of physical fitness, skill, and strategy. Although a noncontact sport, overuse and impact injuries are common since players engage in a wide range of physical activities, including running, throwing, batting, bowling, catching, and diving. Significant or match time-loss injuries are defined as those that either prevent a player from being fully available for selection in a major match, or during a major match, cause a player to be unable to bat, bowl, or keep wicket when required by either the rules or the team’s captain. This review describes the various region-wise injuries sustained in cricket along with their epidemiology, biomechanics, treatment, and prevention. Evidence Acquisition: Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles (obtained via PubMed search) published through November 2016 that involved the medical, biomechanical, and epidemiological aspects of cricket injuries. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Cricket was one of the first sports to publish recommended methods for injury surveillance in 2005 from England, South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and India. While the incidence of injuries is about the same, the prevalence of injuries has increased due to game format changes, increasing number of matches played, and decreased rest between matches. Bowling (41.3%), fielding, and wicket keeping (28.6%) account for most injuries. Acute injuries are most common (64%-76%), followed by acute-on-chronic (16%-22.8%) and chronic ones (8%-22%). The most common modern-day cricket injury is hamstring strain, and the most severe is lumbar stress fracture in young fast bowlers. Conclusion: With improved understanding of the scientific and medical aspects of cricket, along with advances in surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques, the time to return to play has shortened considerably. While the prevalence of cricket injuries has increased, their severity has decreased over the past decades.
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Goggins, Luke, Anna Warren, Danni Smart, Susan Dale, Nicholas Peirce, Carly McKay, Keith A. Stokes, and Sean Williams. "Injury and Player Availability in Women’s International Pathway Cricket from 2015 to 2019." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1192-5670.
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AbstractThis prospective cohort study aimed to describe injury and illness epidemiology within women’s international pathway cricket, understanding what influences player availability in this unique context where players are contracted part-time. Approximately 8.4% of players were impacted by injury or illness during the year, with an average 2.3% of players completely unavailable on any given day. Most medical complaints occurred during training (111.2 injuries/100 players per year). Of all complaints, medical illness had the highest overall incidence (45.0 complaints/100 players), followed by hand injuries (24.7 injuries/100 players). Gradual onset injuries were most common. Overall average match time-loss complaint prevalence rate was 4.1% and average match time-loss injury incidence rate was 7.0 injuries/1000 days of play. Fielding (56.4 injuries/100 players per year) was the activity resulting in the highest average overall and time-loss injury incidence rates, though ‘other’ activities (e. g. those occurring outside of cricket participation) collectively accounted for 78.3 injuries/100 players per year. The high incidence of medical illness relative to other complaints may be a distinct feature of the women’s cricket international pathway compared to other cricket samples. The high occurrence of injuries arising from ‘other’ activities, likely due to part-time participation, presents an opportunity for targeted injury prevention strategies.• The first study on an international women’s cricket pathway, contributes to the empirical base for specific injury risks associated with the women’s cricket game, which is an emerging research area for a developing sport.• Some of the findings may be a distinct feature of the women’s cricket international pathway, highlighting potential opportunities for targeted prevention strategies.• With the upcoming development of an elite domestic structure these preliminary findings will provide a good starting point for physiotherapy and medical staff working in these contexts.
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Soomro, Najeebullah, Nina Chua, Jonathan Freeston, Rene E. D. Ferdinands, and Ross Sanders. "Cluster randomised control trial for cricket injury prevention programme (CIPP): a protocol paper." Injury Prevention 25, no. 3 (September 28, 2017): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042518.
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BackgroundInjury prevention programmes (IPPs) are effective in reducing injuries among adolescent team sports. However, there is no validated cricket-specific IPP despite the high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among amateur cricketers.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a cricket injury prevention programme (CIPP) as a pretraining warm-up or post-training cool-down can reduce injury rates in amateur cricket players.MethodsCIPP is a cluster randomised controlled trial which includes 36 male amateur club teams having cricket players aged 14–40 years to be randomly assigned to three study arms: warm-up, cool-down and control (n=12 teams, 136 players in each arm). The intervention groups will perform 15 min CIPP either as a pretraining warm-up or a post-training cool-down.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure will be injury incidence per 1000 player hours and the secondary outcome measures will be whether IPP as a warm-up is better than IPP as a cool-down, and the adherence to the intervention.Trial registration numberACTRN 1261700047039.
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Prabhakar, Sharad, Mandeep Dhillon, Bhavuk Garg, and Sidak Dhillon. "Problems of Injury Surveillance and Documentation in Cricket: Indian Experience." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 50, no. 3 (2016): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1208.
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ABSTRACT Cricket is the most prevalent and popular sport in India. Its expansion, including recent inclusion of T20 format over the last decade, has placed greater demands on cricketers and led to an increased incidence of injuries worldwide. Worldwide, in all forms of sport, successful injury prevention requires ongoing injury surveillance as a fundamental process. Unfortunately, injury surveillance is not the norm in Indian sports. We do not have any specific documentation protocol for documenting injury patterns, causative mechanisms, and analyzing the incidence of different cricket-related injuries in players of different ages except the Aclass test players. Despite being the most popular team sport in India, there is just a single publication in the medical literature reporting cricket injuries from India. This article reviews the burden of cricket injuries in both national and international perspective and emphasizes the potential and need of an injury surveillance program to improve cricket sport in India. How to cite this article Dhillon M, Garg B, Dhillon S, Prabhakar S. Problems of Injury Surveillance and Documentation in Cricket: Indian Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):148-150.
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Tripathi, Manjul, Dhaval P. Shukla, Dhananjaya Ishwar Bhat, Indira Devi Bhagavatula, and Tejesh Mishra. "Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: no more a red herring." Neurosurgical Focus 40, no. 4 (April 2016): E11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.2.focus15341.
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The issue of head injury in a noncontact sport like cricket is a matter of great debate and it carries more questions than answers. Recent incidents of fatal head injuries in individuals wearing a helmet have caused some to question the protective value of the helmet. The authors discuss the pattern, type of injury, incidents, and location of cranio-facio-ocular injuries in professional cricket to date. They evaluate the history of usage of the helmet in cricket, changes in design, and the protective value, and they compare the efficacy of various sports' helmets with injury profiles similar to those in cricket. The drop test and air cannon test are compared for impact energy attenuation performance of cricket helmets. A total of 36 cases of head injuries were identified, of which 5 (14%) were fatal and 9 (22%) were career-terminating events. Batsmen are the most vulnerable to injury, bearing 86% of the burden, followed by wicketkeepers (8%) and fielders (5.5%). In 53% of cases, the ball directly hit the head, while in 19.5% of cases the ball entered the gap between the peak and the faceguard. Ocular injuries to 3 wicketkeepers proved to be career-terminating injuries. The air cannon test is a better test for evaluating cricket helmets than the drop test. Craniofacial injuries are more common than popularly believed. There is an urgent need to improve the efficacy and compliance of protective restraints in cricket. A strict injury surveillance system with universal acceptance is needed to identify the burden of injuries and modes for their prevention.
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Soomro, Najeebullah, Daniel Redrup, Chris Evens, Luke Pieter Strasiotto, Shekhar Singh, David Lyle, Himalaya Singh, Rene E. D. Ferdinands, and Ross Sanders. "Injury rate and patterns of Sydney grade cricketers: a prospective study of injuries in 408 cricketers." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1114 (July 26, 2018): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135861.
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BackgroundThe grade cricket competition, also known as premier cricket, supplies players to the state and national teams in Australia. The players involved are generally high-performing amateur (subelite) club cricketers. However, to date, there is no study on the injury epidemiology of Australian grade cricket.AimTo conduct injury surveillance across all teams playing Sydney Grade Cricket (SGC) competition during the 2015–2016 season.MethodsA cohort study was conducted to track injuries in 408 male cricketers in 20 teams playing SGC competition. Players were tracked through the MyCricket website’s scorebook every week. Cricket New South Wales physiotherapists were alerted if there were changes to the playing XI from the last game. If any changes were made due to injury, then an injury incident was registered.ResultsDuring the course of the season, a total of 86 injuries were registered from 65 players, resulting in a loss of 385 weeks of play. The overall injury incidence rate was 35.54 injuries/10 000 playing hours with an average weekly injury prevalence of 4.06%. Lower back injuries (20%) were the most common injuries followed by foot (14%), hand (13.75%), knee (7.5%) and calf (7.5%). Linear regression analysis showed that the likelihood of injury increased as the mean age of the teams increased (R=0.5, p<0.05).ConclusionThe injury rate in SGC is lower than that reported at elite level. However, the high rate of lower back injuries (20%) highlights an area of concern in this cohort. High workloads or inadequate physical conditioning may contribute to such injuries. This study sets the foundation for understanding injury epidemiology in grade cricket and examines the links between injury and performance, these results may assist coaches and administrators to develop and implement cricket-specific injury prevention programmes.
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Olivier, B., AV Stewart, AC Green, and W. McKinon. "Cricket pace bowling: The trade-off between optimising knee angle for performance advantages v. injury prevention." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 27, no. 3 (March 30, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajsm.8111.
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Background. The cricket pace bowler utilises various strategies, including a more extended front knee angle, to achieve optimal performance benefits. At times this is done to the detriment of injury prevention.Objective. To investigate the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics during pace bowling action, injury incidence and bowling performance at the start and end of a cricket season.Methods. Knee angle and ball release (BR) speed of injury-free premier league (club level) cricket pace bowlers over the age of 18 years were measured at the start and end of the cricket season. Kinematic, injury- and bowling performance-related (BR speed and accuracy) data were analysed using paired and independent Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient,χ2 test and a two-way analysis of covariance with repeated measures.Results. Thirty-one bowlers participated in this study, and kinematic data of a subset of 17 were analysed. Nine bowlers (53%) sustained injuries during the cricket season. No statistically significant relationship was found between knee angle and injury. Bowlers who did not sustain an injury bowled with more knee flexion at the start of the season (mean (standard deviation) 157.07° (12.02°)) than at the end of it (163.95° (6.97°)) (p=0.01). There was no interaction between accuracy and knee angle. There was a good to excellent inverse correlation between BR speed and knee angle among bowlers who remained injury free (r=.0.79; p=0.18).Conclusion. Bowlers who remain injury free during the course of the season may use strategies other than the front knee angle to facilitate high BR speeds. Technique-related variables which are more 'protective' against injuries while allowing for higher BR speeds should be further investigated among bowlers.
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Bodanki, Chandrasekhar, Yadoji Hari Krishna, Vamshi Kiran Badam, T. S. S. Harsha, and A. V. Gurava Reddy. "Prevalence of cricket-related musculoskeletal pain among Indian junior club cricketers." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 6, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20202678.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cricket is the most commonly played sport in India. The number of children playing cricket are increasing. There is growing evidence that injury rates in junior cricketers are higher than professional cricketers. In India at the community level, there are no standardized specific cricket injury prevention programmes (CIPP) which reduce injury risk. Minimal data is available from Asian countries, especially on junior cricketers. Our study is an attempt to focus on junior club cricketer injuries, plan safety precautions and emphasize role of CIPP.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was an observational study conducted on male junior club cricketers in the age group of 8-16 years. Based on a self-reported questionnaire, player’s physical status, training, injuries and their nature are assessed over a period of 12 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Over the study period 36 of 50 cricketers were symptomatic. The lower limb is the most frequently injured. Most common etiology is overuse. We found that the players are not following pre-training warm-up and post-training cool-down.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CIPP should be implemented and strictly followed from the early stages of sports life. Pre-training warm-up and post-training cool-down should be included in their routine training. Overuse i.e. playing overtime and ignoring the pain during practice or match should be avoided. A supervised training and regular screening of players by orthopaedician or sports physician will keep them fit to play with full potential.</p>
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Ranson, Craig, and Mark Young. "Putting a lid on it: prevention of batting helmet related injuries in cricket." British Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 10 (December 14, 2012): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091889.
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Soomro, Najeebullah, Daniel Hackett, Jonathan Freeston, Peter Blanch, Alex Kountouris, Joanna Dipnall, David Lyle, and Ross Sanders. "How do Australian coaches train fast bowlers? A survey on physical conditioning and workload management practices for training fast bowlers." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118790128.
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Fast bowlers have the highest injury rates in cricket; therefore, reducing these injuries is a priority for coaches and the support staff. Improving physical conditioning and monitoring bowling workload are primary preventative strategies to reduce overuse injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate practices of cricket coaches in Australia on (1) strength and conditioning and (2) bowling workload management of junior and non-elite fast bowlers. A web-based survey was sent to 548 male Level Two cricket coaches registered with Cricket New South Wales, Australia. One hundred and seventy (31%) coaches responded to the survey. A majority (70%) of the coaches were working with cricketers under the age of 19 years. Only 39 (23%) engaged fast bowlers in resistance training exercises. Coaches under the age of 40 years were more likely to prescribe resistance training (χ2 = 5.77, df = 1, p = 0.016) than coaches over the age of 40. Lower back, abdominal and gluteal muscles were the most commonly targeted muscle groups. Sit-ups, core work and squats were the most common exercises prescribed. Most (92%) coaches were aware of current national fast bowling workload recommendations. However, only 18 (13%) coaches prescribed the currently recommended workloads. The results indicate that coaches training junior and sub-elite cricketers need more awareness on of the importance of engaging fast bowlers in resistance training and monitoring bowling workloads. Understanding current training practices of coaches can assist in the development of injury prevention programmes for junior fast bowlers and educational programmes for coaches.
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Stretch, R. "Junior cricketers are not a smaller version of adult cricketers: A 5-year investigation of injuries in elite junior cricketers." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 4 (February 4, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2014/v26i4a505.
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Background. Injury surveillance is fundamental to preventing and reducing the risk of injury. Objectives. To determine the incidence of injuries and the injury demographics of elite schoolboy cricketers over five seasons (2007 - 2008, 2008 - 2009, 2009 - 2010, 2010 - 2011 and 2011 - 2012). Methods. Sixteen provincial age group cricket teams (under (U) 15 , U17 and U18) competing in national age-group tournaments were provided a questionnaire to complete. The questionnaires gathered the following information for each injury sustained in the previous 12 months: (i) anatomical site; (ii) month; (iii) cause; (iv) whether it was a recurrence of an injury from a previous season; (v) whether the injury had reoccurred during the current season; and (vi) biographical data. Injuries were grouped according to the anatomical region injured. All players were invited to respond, irrespective of whether an injury had been sustained, resulting in a response rate of 57%. The sample Statistical Analysis System was used to compute univariate statistics and frequency distributions. Results. Of the 2 081 respondents, 572 (27%) sustained a total of 658 injuries. The U15 and U17 groups sustained 239 (36%) and 230 (35%) injuries, respectively, more than the 189 injuries sustained by the U18 group (29%). These injuries were predominantly to the lower limbs (38%), back and trunk (33%) and upper (26%) limbs, with 3% occurring to the head and neck. The injuries occurred primarily during 1-day matches (30%), practices (29%) and with gradual onset (21%). The primary mechanism of injury was bowling (44%) and fielding (22%). The injuries were acute (49%), chronic (41%) and acute-on-chronic (10%), with 26% and 47% being recurrent injuries from the previous and current seasons, respectively. Some similar injury patterns occurred in studies of adult cricketers, with differences in the nature and incidence of injuries found for the various age groups. The youth cricketers sustained more back and trunk injuries, recurrent injuries and more match injuries than the adult cricketers. The U15 group sustained less-serious injuries, which resulted in them not being able to play for between 1 and 7 days (58%), with more injuries occurring in the preseason period (24%) and fewer during the season (60%) compared with other age groups. The U15 and U17 groups sustained the most lumbar muscle strains, while the U18 groups sustained more serious injuries, resulting in them not being able to play for >21 days. Conclusion. Young fast bowlers of all ages remain at the greatest risk of injury. Differences in the nature and incidence of injuries occurred between youth and adult cricketers, as well as in the different age groups. It is recommended that cricket administrators and coaches implement an educational process of injury prevention and management
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Gupta, Ravi, Anil Kapoor, Akash Singhal, Aakanksha Dogra, Bharath Patil, and Sumukh Kalra. "Mechanism and situation of injuries in fast bowlers: A YouTube-based video analysis study." Journal of Arthroscopic Surgery and Sports Medicine 1 (October 14, 2020): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jassm_40_2020.
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Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objective of identifying the cause of injuries in fast bowlers. Materials and Methods: The present study is a video analysis study, keywords such as “fast bowler’s injury,” “failure of bowling,” and “cricket injuries” were searched on YouTube. Bowling action was divided into four stages – Stage 1 – jump, Stage 2 – back foot contact, Stage 3 – front foot contact, and Stage 4 – follow-through. The type and timing of injury (stage) were noted after analyzing the videos. Results: Sixteen injuries were identified in five videos. It was observed that 15 athletes had acute injury to lower limb and 1 athlete had an acute injury to lower back. 13/16 injuries happened in Stage 2 and 3/16 injuries happened in Stage 4. Conclusion: Most of the injuries happened at the time of landing and follow-through. Therefore, improvement of ground conditions, especially around the bowling area, and addition of exercise-based injury prevention programs can reduce the risk of injuries. This is more important for young fast bowlers at the club levels and state levels, as proper training at an early stage, can prevent injuries in many young fast bowlers.
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Greig, Matt, and Philip Nagy. "Lumbar- and Cervicothoracic-Spine Loading During a Fast-Bowling Spell." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 4 (July 2017): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0174.
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Context:Epidemiological studies highlight a prevalence of lumbar vertebrae injuries in cricket fast bowlers, with governing bodies implementing rules to reduce exposure. Analysis typically requires complex and laboratory-based biomechanical analyses, lacking ecological validity. Developments in GPS microtechnologies facilitate on-field measures of mechanical intensity, facilitating screening toward prevention and rehabilitation.Objective:To examine the efficacy of using GPS-mounted triaxial accelerometers to quantify accumulated body load and to investigate the effect of GPS-unit placement in relation to epidemiological observations.Design:Repeated measures, field-based.Setting:Regulation cricket pitch.Participants:10 male injury-free participants recruited from a cricket academy (18.1 ± 0.6 y).Intervention:Each participant was fitted with 2 GPS units placed at the cervicothoracic and lumbar spines to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). Participants were instructed to deliver a 7-over spell of fast bowling, as dictated by governing-body guidelines.Main Outcome Measures:Triaxial total accumulated body and the relative uniaxial contributions were calculated for each over.Results:There was no significant main effect for overs bowled, in either total load or the triaxial contributions to total load. This finding suggests no cumulative fatigue effect across the 10-over spell. However, there was a significant main effect for GPS-unit location, with the lumbar unit exposed to significantly greater load than the cervicothoracic unit in each of the triaxial planes.Conclusions:There was no evidence to suggest that accumulated load significantly increased as a result of spell duration. In this respect the governing-body guidelines for this age group can be considered safe, or potentially even conservative. However, the observation of higher body load at the lumbar spine than at the cervicothoracic spine supports epidemiological observations of injury incidence. GPS microtechnologies might therefore be considered in screening and monitoring of players toward injury prevention and/or during rehabilitation.
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Chalker, Wade J., Anthony J. Shield, David A. Opar, Evelyne N. Rathbone, and Justin W. L. Keogh. "Effect of acute augmented feedback on between limb asymmetries and eccentric knee flexor strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise." PeerJ 6 (June 7, 2018): e4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4972.
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BackgroundHamstring strain injuries (HSI) are one of the most prevalent and serious injuries affecting athletes, particularly those in team ball sports or track and field. Recent evidence demonstrates that eccentric knee flexor weakness and between limb asymmetries are possible risk factors for HSIs. While eccentric hamstring resistance training, e.g. the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) significantly increases eccentric hamstring strength and reduces HSI risk, little research has examined whether between limb asymmetries can be reduced with training. As augmented feedback (AF) can produce significant acute and chronic increases in muscular strength and reduce injury risk, one way to address the limitation in the eccentric hamstring training literature may be to provide athletes real-time visual AF of their NHE force outputs with the goal to minimise the between limb asymmetry.MethodsUsing a cross over study design, 44 injury free, male cricket players from two skill levels performed two NHE sessions on a testing device. The two NHE sessions were identical with the exception of AF, with the two groups randomised to perform the sessions with and without visual feedback of each limb’s force production in real-time. When performing the NHE with visual AF, the participants were provided with the following instructions to ‘reduce limb asymmetries as much as possible using the real-time visual force outputs displayed in front them’. Between limb asymmetries and mean peak force outputs were compared between the two feedback conditions (FB1 and FB2) using independentt-tests to ensure there was no carryover effect, and to determine any period and treatment effects. The magnitude of the differences in the force outputs were also examined using Cohendeffect size.ResultsThere was a significant increase in mean peak force production when feedback was provided (mean difference, 21.7 N; 95% CI [0.2–42.3 N];P= 0.048;d= 0.61) and no significant difference in between limb asymmetry for feedback or no feedback (mean difference, 5.7%; 95% CI [−2.8% to 14.3%];P= 0.184;d= 0.41). Increases in force production under feedback were a result of increased weak limb (mean difference, 15.0 N; 95% CI [1.6–28.5 N];P= 0.029;d= 0.22) force contribution compared to the strong limb.DiscussionThe results of this study further support the potential utility of AF in improving force production and reducing risk in athletic populations. While there are currently some financial limitations to the application of this training approach, even in high-performance sport, such an approach may improve outcomes for HSI prevention programs. Further research with more homogenous populations over greater periods of time that assess the chronic effect of such training practices on injury risk factors and injury rates are also recommended.
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Prabhakar, Sharad, and Nirmal Raj. "The Wicketkeeper and Injury." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 47, no. 2 (2013): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1064.
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ABSTRACT Cricket injury has become a significant issue in recent times with many high profile players getting injured during the game. Injury surveillance programs have recently been started and have documented a high injury rate in fast bowlers. One of the most tasking player positions in cricket is wicketkeeping; despite the best protective wear used by them, the nature of the game would imply a high attrition rate due to injury. We looked at the published literature and our own experience, and found little documented data for this subgroup of players. The types of injury recorded and the problems therein are discussed; it is proposed that future focus should be on short-term analysis of injury profiles so as to improve preventive methods, and long-term evaluation of overuse injury or degenerative changes in the body due to the prolonged abnormal posture maintained by wicketkeepers. How to cite this article Dhillon MS, Prabhakar S, Raj N. The Wicketkeeper and Injury. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):99-102.
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Trella, C. "A 3-year investigation into the incidence and nature of cricket injuries in elite South African schoolboy cricketers." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2012/v24i1a360.
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Objectives. Injury surveillance is fundamental to preventing and reducing the risk of injury. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of the injuries sustained by elite schoolboy cricketers over three seasons (2007 - 2008, 2008 - 2009, 2009 -2010) to identify possible risk factors.Methods. Sixteen provincial age-group cricket teams (Under 15, Under 17 and Under 18) competing in national age-group tournaments were asked to complete questionnaires to obtain the following information for each injury: (i) anatomical site; (ii) month; (iii) cause; (iv) whether it was a recurrence of a previous injury; (v) whether the injury had reoccurred again during the season; and (vi) biographical data. Injuries were groupedaccording to the anatomical region injured. All players were requested to respond, irrespective of whether an injury had been sustained. The Sample Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used to compute univariate statistics and frequency distributions. Of the 1 292 respondents 366 (28%) sustained a total of 425 injuries. The U15 and U17 groups sustained 166 (39%) and 148 (35%) injuries, respectively, more than the 111 injuries sustained by the U18 group (26%). These injuries were predominantly to the lower (46%) and upper (35%) limbs and occurred primarily during1-day matches (31%), practices (27%) and with gradual onset(21%). The primary mechanism of injury was bowling (45%) and fielding, including running to field the ball (33%). Forty-two lumbar muscle strains, 18 hamstring strains, 17 spondylolisthesis and 17 ankle sprains occurred. The injuries were acute (50%), chronic (42%) and acute-on-chronic (8%), with 24% and 46% being recurrent injuries from the previous and current seasons, respectively.Results. Similar injury patterns occurred in studies of adult cricketers, with slight differences in the nature and incidence of injuries found for the various age groups. The U15 group sustained less serious injuries which resulted in them not being able to play for between 1 - 7 days (54%), with more injuries occurring in the pre-season period (28%) than the other groups. The U17 group sustained the most lumbar muscle strains (n=23),while the U18 group sustained more serious injuries with 60% of the injuries resulting in them not being able to play for 8 or more days.Conclusion. Young fast-bowlers of all ages remain at the greatest risk of injury while slight differences in the nature and incidence of injuries occurred in the different age groups. It is recommended that cricket administrators and coaches need to implement an educational process of injury prevention and management.