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Hurst, Christine E. "Crime Prevention Ottawa as a responsibility centre: An interim analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28212.
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There is a growing international interest in the use of crime prevention responsibility centres (Re) as mechanisms for organizing crime prevention initiatives. One model of RC-based crime prevention is that used in England and Wales, where the creation of CDRPs (municipal RCs) was mandated by the Crime and Disorder Act of 1998. Themes gleaned from analyses of this experience form the basis for this thesis. In 2005, Crime Prevention Ottawa (CPO) was created to be an RC in Ottawa. This thesis examines whether and how CPO faced challenges similar to those in England and Wales. It concludes that many challenges met by the English experience are not present in the CPO case, in response to the challenges that are experienced, it recommends that CPO: define 'community', and its political 'role'; sustain project funding; increase project proposal expectations; and discuss what the organization 'does' versus 'should do'.
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Balchak, Stefanie Wrae. "The geo-spatial analysis and environmental factors of narcotics hot spots." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2936.
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A mixed methodological approach with two different analytic procedures and multiple data sources was used to examine narcotics hot spots. The first phase compares two methods of hot spots identification; the prediction model and the actual crimes. The second phase involves an intensive study to better understand the phenomenon of drug hot spots areas consistently shown to be repeat hot spots.
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Hardie, Beth Nicole. "Why monitoring doesn't always matter : the situational role of parental monitoring in adolescent crime." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269284.
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Parental monitoring of settings is not always relevant for the prevention of adolescent crime because adolescents with strong personal moral rules and the ability to exercise self control are unlikely to offend even when they are unsupervised and know that their parents have little knowledge about their activities. Parental monitoring, commonly operationalised as parental supervision or parental knowledge, is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. This thesis uses specialist Space-Time Budget data (from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study) to allow the comparison of adolescent crime rates in settings characterised by the of convergence of i) the physical presence or absence of parents and other guardians, ii) the psychological presence or absence of parents (represented by adolescent-perceived generalised parental knowledge of the circumstances of unsupervised activity) and iii) personal crime propensity (moral rules and ability to exercise self control). The conclusion derived from the results is that the physical presence of parents and other guardians in settings reduces the rate of adolescent crime committed in those settings; and the psychological presence of parents reduces the criminogenic impact of unsupervised time. Crucially however, these effects of parental monitoring are almost irrelevant for adolescents with a lower personal crime propensity, who are not likely to offend in settings irrespective of the physical or psychological absence of parents and other guardians. These findings provide support for person-environment interactions inherent in the causal model of Situational Action Theory, and provide a novel addition to evidence that could be used in future to inform policy-relevant recommendations concerning parenting behaviour and adolescent offending. Although this thesis provides new evidence about the relationship between parental monitoring and crime, the bulk of its contribution is relevant to a much wider audience. It contributes to the debate on approaches to the study of crime and crime prevention, adds clarity to key concepts and develops theoretical arguments in the field of parental monitoring and crime, develops a novel application of Situational Action Theory, extends theoretical and methodological discussions surrounding situational analysis, applies novel data and analytical methods to the study of the psychological and physical presence of guardians, generates and situates unique findings about the situational role of aspects of parental monitoring and crime, and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions about the nature and direction of future research.
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Ede, Andrew, and andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.
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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
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Stein, Stacey M. "An Evaluator's Perspective on Youngstown's Northside Weed and Seed Strategy, Year One." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1221230629.
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Heinonen, Justin A. "Measuring how Much Criminologists Know About Crime: Using Environmental Criminology to Assess Our Knowledge of Crime Events." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288974887.
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Lee, Murray 1965, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, College of Social and Health Sciences, and School of Sociology and Justice Studies. "The 'fear of crime' and governance : a genealogy of the concept of 'fear of crime' and its imagined subjects." THESIS_CSHS_SJS_Lee_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/186.
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This thesis is a critical approach to the concept of fear of crime. It is not necessarily a call for an end to the study of fear of crime. From a genealogical perspective, the thesis first traces the proliferation of academic, governmental and popular interests in the fear of crime in three Western democracies; and secondly explains how this interest has affected both the subjects of inquiry and the very modes of inquiry themselves. It investigates historically the emergence of fear of crime as a set of discourses in the human sciences and in government and explores the ways in which these various institutions have imagined the subjects of their inquiries. It also discusses the ways in which fear of crime has become a discourse within popular culture and the mass media, and explores why gender is a potent signifier in fear of crime research.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Payne, Troy C. "Does Changing Ownership Change Crime? An Analysis of Apartment Ownership and Crime in Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288968354.
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Gilmour, Nicholas John. "Improving the prevention of money laundering in the United Kingdom : a situational crime prevention approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/improving-the-prevention-of-money-laundering-in-the-united-kingdom(8ca206d0-fc37-469e-8717-653eb68b41c3).html.
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The aim of this research study was to build upon the continuing interest around the applicability of situational crime prevention to tackle many forms of crime, including organised crimes. Using money laundering as the specific crime type, this study focused on two specific methods, namely cash intensive businesses and the purchasing of high value portable commodities to determine whether situational crime prevention could improve or enhance current preventative measures within the United Kingdom.
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COON, JULIE KIERNAN. "THE ADOPTION OF CRIME PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109026986.
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Manzano, Liliana Elizabeth. "Experiences of violent and property victimization in Santiago neighbourhoods : multilevel approaches to social disorganization theory and new ecological studies of crime." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33247.
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Social Disorganization Theory (SDT) stated that in poor and unstable neighbourhoods, residents may have difficulty developing and maintaining social order, due to the weaknesses of their social networks and the infrequent exercise of informal control. As a consequence, in those areas criminal victimization tends to be high and persists over time. Latin American poor neighbourhoods are often characterised by high residential stability, dense informal networks, strong social cohesion, and yet they often have high levels of violent crime, which constitutes a challenge for SDT. Studies from new ecological approaches have asserted that even if informal networks are weak, neighbours can engage in actions to prevent crimes when the form of intervention is appropriately targeted and the activity is conducted in a partnership with agencies of public control, such as the police or local authorities. Thereby, the general distrust in police and local authorities, and the weak nexus between those institutions and local communities, which characterize most poor areas of Latin-American cities, represent relevant obstacles for the encouragement of neighbours' involvement in crime prevention initiatives. Despite the low rates of violent crimes in Chile, global figures tend to hide how complex the crime phenomenon is in the country, and particularly in Santiago city. In the capital and largest city of Chile, the distribution of High-Social-Impact crimes is highly unequal with a greater concentration of violent crimes in the most marginalized and poorest districts of the city. In this context is worth asking, to what extent do neighbourhood structural conditions, community-organizational mechanisms and new forms of public control influence the experiences of violent and property victimization in households of Santiago neighbourhoods? And, to what extent do such mechanisms mediate the relationship between structural conditions and the likelihood of being victim of a crime in Santiago neighbourhoods? To address these questions, the present study draws on an integral theoretical framework aimed at providing a holistic multilevel approach to explaining victimization risk across Santiago neighbourhoods. Data for this study are drawn from a community-survey of 5,860 persons (from 15 to 90 years old) who lived in 242 selected neighbourhoods of the Santiago city. The survey was conducted in 2010 by the Centre for Studies on Citizen Security (CESC), based at the University of Chile, in the context of their research project 'Crime and Urban Violence'. The hierarchical structure of the data (incorporating both individual and neighbourhood level measures) and the adaptation of internationally validated measurements, presents an excellent opportunity to evaluate complex hypothesis with advanced statistical tools. The research has shown that in neighbourhoods with a high concentration of poverty and low residential stability the probability of being a victim of violent crime is greater than in rich areas. However, when people manifest positive sentiments toward their neighbourhood, perceive collaboration and social cohesion among neighbours, and have positive perceptions with respect to police responses, this largely mediates the negative effects of structural conditions on household victimization by violent crimes, thereby eliminating these effects. These findings have important policy implications. They suggest that in disadvantaged communities it is imperative that police and local authorities not only try to reduce crime through traditional approaches, but also improve trust and engagement of the public aiming to build sustainable partnerships.
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Martin, Spencer A. "A further analysis of the causal link between abortion and crime." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4904.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 10, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Fornango, Robert J. "Structural changes and neighborhood homicide trends in St. Louis, Missouri, 1980-2000 a multi-level and spatial analysis /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2007. http://etd.umsl.edu/r2281.
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Yoshioka, Takeko. "National crime prevention strategies for Japan: Implications of scientific knowledge and international guidelines." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27091.
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This thesis identifies what Japan could do to implement effective crime prevention nationally. It analyzes (1) official reports and announcements from the government and mass media reports in Japan (Chapter 2); (2) scientific analyses of crime prevention programs and policing that have influenced governments and policies in other countries (Chapter 3 and 4); (3) international guidelines (Chapter 5), and (4) a preliminary assessment of the implementation of effective crime prevention in the United Kingdom (Chapter 6). It makes eight recommendations for Japan.
The official crime reports in Japan have reported a rapid increase in overall crime rates. The government continues to use situational crime prevention and police. However, the causes of crime can only be tackled by social policy. Scientific evaluation in other countries emphasizes that a multi-sector approach is essential to tackle problems in family, school and community. Review of the effectiveness of policing particularly in the United Kingdom shows that modern policing does not reduce crime while partnership with other agencies and strong police leadership for reform would. Guidelines by the United Nations and the World Health Organization recommend a permanent national responsibility center for crime prevention and a systematic implementation cycle where there are 4 stages; analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
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Gibbs, Stephen. "Applying the theory and techniques of situational criminology to counterinsurgency operations reducing insurgency through situational prevention /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FGibbs.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Hy, Rothstein ; Second Reader: Freeman, Michael. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Situational prevention, criminology, environmental criminology, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgency operations, deterrence, crime prevention through environmental design, CPTED, security fence, Israeli security fence, operation cul-de - sac, OCDS, opportunity theory, opportunity structure, targets, tools, weapons, facilitating conditions Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available in print.
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Britt, Chester Lamont III. "Crime, criminal careers and social control: A methodological analysis of economic choice and social control theories of crime." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185168.
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This study tests the validity of two theories of crime: economic choice (as manifest in the criminal career paradigm) and social control. The test of these two theories is primarily methodological, in that four types of crime data (official and longitudinal (Uniform Crime Reports), official and cross-sectional (Bail Decisionmaking Study), self-report and longitudinal (National Youth Survey), and self-report and cross-sectional (Seattle Youth Study)) and a variety of graphical and statistical techniques are used to compare findings on (1) the stability of the age distribution of crime, (2) the prevalence of offense specialization, and (3) the differences in the causes of participating in crime compared to the causes of frequency of criminal activity among those individuals committing crimes. The findings on the relation between age and crime show the general shape of the age-crime curve is stable across year of the data or curve, type of data, cohort, and age group. The tests for offense specialization reveal that offenders are versatile. An individual's current offense type is not predictable, with much accuracy, on the basis of prior offending. Again, the lack of offense specialization held across type of data, but age, race, and gender distinctions also failed to alter significantly the observed pattern of versatility. Findings on the causes of participation in crime and frequency of criminal activity among active offenders showed only trivial differences in the set of statistically significant predictors for each operationalization of crime and delinquency. Two distinct operationalizations of frequency also showed no substantial difference in the set of statistically significant predictors. Similar to the findings on age and crime, and offense specialization, the pattern of results for the participation and frequency analyses held across type of data. In sum, the results tended to support the predictions of social control theory over those of the economic choice-criminal career view of crime.
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Zugschwerdt, Marc. "'Designing out Crime' – A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Crime in Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137192.
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The creation of sustainable and safe environments nowadays moves more and more into focus for urban planners and architects. Cities should be designed in a way to contribute to social cohesion, shaping an inclusive environment and focusing on the wellbeing of its citizens. Nevertheless, these processes can be undermined by public crime and the fear of crime, which is not only affecting aspects of personal safety but also affecting the people’s behaviour. Reasons why criminality occurs are manifold, impacted by a dynamic set of socioeconomic, demographic, personal but also environmental aspects. In recent years especially the impact of factors related to urban and environmental design respectively planning received rising attention in the field of crime prevention. However, the implementation of strategies regarding ‘crime prevention through environmental design’ or ‘designing out crime’ is still in its early stage in Sweden. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of public crime for the case of Umeå in order to identify potential risk areas, which could receive particular attention regarding crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). In this sense a GIS based spatial analysis had the aim to detect statistically significant hotspots of crime and furthermore to assess the development of these hotspots over time. In order to understand the nature of public crime and criminal behaviour in Umeå in a more holistic way, also temporal aspects regarding the occurrence of crime were analysed. One particularly vulnerable neighbourhood was examined with a qualitative field observation regarding the principles of crime prevention through environmental design in order to assess in which way the built environment is designed and suited to prevent and deter criminality. Umeå displays rather clear patterns of higher crime activity, assigned to seasonal, weakly and daily periods, which are connected to higher activity in the public space. Also from a spatial perspective certain patterns are detectable with a higher vulnerability for crime at spots which generate higher activity such as shopping areas or neighbourhoods with nightlife and transport hub functions, and in general neighbourhoods with a higher building density. The neighbourhood of Ålidhem displayed thereby a high concentration of criminality, marked as a constant or even intensifying hotspot for the entire period of investigation. The results of the field observation regarding principles of CPTED are especially indicating a lack of maintenance and furthermore the street and building layout is contributing to disorientation. On the other hand, the area is in most cases well equipped for natural surveillance and provides a high amount of locations for leisure and recreation in order strengthen social cohesion.
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Henry, Alistair. "Partnerships and communities of practice : a social learning perspective on crime prevention and community safety in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3278.
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This social learning analysis of Community Safety Partnerships in Scotland will develop two sets of arguments – one empirical and one epistemological. The empirical argument is that the well-documented difficulties in partnership working (largely a result of the very different occupational cultures, structures, roles and functions of the agencies generally brought on board) are not only very much in evidence but that current ways of organising and structuring partnership working in Scotland are also very often not conducive to overcoming them. It will be argued that viewing partnership working through the lens of a relational social learning perspective (Etienne Wenger’s theory of communities of practice) provides a clear set of recommendations for resolving these problems. These empirical arguments shall form the main focus of the thesis but, given the theoretical perspective employed, a related epistemological argument also emerged and shall be developed. It is generally accepted in theoretical criminology (and elsewhere in the social sciences) that the ideas and mentalities of the discipline have been shaped by the institutional contexts in which actors were doing criminology or criminal justice work (whether as practitioners or as scholars). Therefore, it will be argued that Community Safety Partnerships are important not only as sites of criminal justice practice but also as new institutional spaces in which ways of thinking about crime and community safety have the potential to be transformed. The empirical and epistemological arguments are interrelated because it will only be where the problems of conflict and communication within partnerships can be positively resolved that their potential to become sites of thinking that transcend traditional criminal justice mentalities will be fulfilled.
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Unal, Mehmet. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Cross-Border Heroin Trafficking in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258476034.
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Ridner, Hannah. "The Law of Crime Concentration in Midsized Cities: A Spatial Analysis." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3122.
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The geographic concentration of crime led to the proposal of the law of crime concentration in 2015 by David Weisburd. This contribution to crime and place literature needs further research to properly define, measure, and confirm this law. This study builds upon measurement techniques used in previous studies to measure crime concentration across a random sample of mid-sized cities, estimate the expected Gini coefficient in mid-sized cities, and analyze the variation in crime concentration across mid-sized cities. Determining the expected level of crime concentration and whether it varies across cities will advance the literature by providing both a benchmark for and a test of the law of crime concentration. This study brings a unique perspective on crime concentration, by having a random sample of midsized cities, representing varying regions in the United States. This filled in gaps within the literature that gravely needed to be addressed (i.e., smaller, midsized cities, larger sample size, and regionally representative.
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Hamilton-Smith, Niall. "Safer cities? : a contextual analysis of a crime prevention programme." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302522.
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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.
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Breetzke, Gregory Dennis. "Geo-analysis of offenders in Tshwane: towards an urban ecological theory of crime in South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01062009-141141/.
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Bisese, Stephen Damian. "Peer influence within the student residential environment: The effectiveness of educational crime prevention programming." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618648.
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Recent instances of campus crime, government intervention, increased media attention, and significant public concern has caused widespread institutional reaction to the issue of campus crime. The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of two types of educational, proactive, crime prevention programs implemented in the residential setting. The two programs evaluated were crime prevention seminars conducted by campus safety and residential life personnel and the periodic distribution of crime prevention literature within the residential environment. The author hoped to concentrate on filling the research deficiency in the area of actual effectiveness of the preventive, educational crime prevention programs.;Six single-sex residence hall environments were studied at the University of Richmond in Virginia. One residence hall in each of the gender categories served as a control residence area. The residents of the remaining four residence halls were either distributed crime prevention literature or exposed to a crime prevention seminar. Prior to and following the implementation of the educational programs, students living in the six experimental residence halls completed a survey which assessed personal crime prevention behaviors and personal attitudes toward crime prevention. Also, prior to and following the implementation of the educational treatments, student residence life staff and computer equipment measured the number of unlocked room doors in the six experimental halls and the number of propped exterior doors in the three female residence halls. Statistical procedures permitted a comparison of the data prior to and following the experimental treatment in order to assess the effectiveness of the programs in improving survey responses, increasing the number of locked room doors, and decreasing the number of propped exterior doors.;The general hypothesis of the study was that these educational interventions within the residential environment would influence positive changes in the degree of safety conscious behaviors observed. The hypothesis was partially supported. Statistical tests were conducted to test four subsidiary research questions which produced the following results. First, no evidence was found to suggest a difference between new students and upper-class students in regard to improving personal perceptions of crime prevention behaviors and attitudes as measured by the survey instrument. Secondly, the presence of an educational crime prevention treatment produced a lower overall unlocked room door mean in the female residence halls studied. The female residence hall populations receiving the literature and seminar treatments had lower overall means in terms of the number of times room doors were left unlocked in comparison to the female control residence hall. Thirdly, tests on the locked door data and propped exterior door data revealed that the seminar intervention was most influential in decreasing the mean score of the number of unlocked rooms.
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Devor, Bryan William. "Controlling gang crime: The Santa Nita gang injunction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/138.
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The purpose of this study will explore increasing gang membership, gang structure, and strategies utilized by the criminal justice system in attempting to curb gang-related crime and activities. Through a quantitative research study, the researcher examined crime in the cities of Garden Grove, California and Santa Ana, California in an attempt to determine the success of the Santa Nita Gang Injunction in reducing crime within the injunctions "safety zone."
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Kobayashi, Juichi 1960. "The effects of organizational factors on citizen participation in community crime prevention programs in Japan." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289147.
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Structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear modeling were used to examine the effects of citizen participation in crime prevention programs and fear of crime among residents in Japan. The democratic and efficient management of the programs by citizen leaders, and their adequate support by the police, were found to increase the commitment of residents to crime prevention activities. Further, a sense of personal control over the neighborhood was found to mediate much more of the amount of the impact of these organizational factors on the commitment of residents to crime prevention activities than was the perceived social cohesion of the neighborhood. By contrast, perceived social cohesion was found to significantly decrease the fear of crime among residents, although it did not mediate a substantial amount of the alleviating effects of support by police on the fear of crime. The cross-cultural and policy implications are discussed.
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Tabbach, Avraham D. "Criminal behavior, sanctions and income taxation an economic analysis /." The Chicago Working Paper Series Index Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection, 2003. http://ssrn.com/abstract%5Fid=355781.
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Dunbar, Laura Kristen. "Crime Prevention and Community: Operationalizing the Concept of Community in the City of Ottawa's Community Development Framework." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28690.
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The 'community' has become one of the focal points of how crime prevention and community safety issues are addressed in Canada. However, empirical research has demonstrated that crime prevention programs delivered at the community level have generally fallen short of their promises. This suggests that the community and strategies of community mobilization have been used in crime prevention without a clear understanding of the meaning of the concept. A qualitative case study of the City of Ottawa's Community Development Framework serves to illustrate how the concept of community is translated into practice, and reveals the gaps between conceptions of what community ought to be and the 'messy actualities' of community-based practices. It concludes that a greater appreciation of communities and their particular capabilities should help inform the development and implementation of crime prevention strategies and initiatives in the local context.
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Holder, Eaven. "Political Competition and Predictors of Hate Crime: A County-level Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3491.
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Research on hate crime has tended to utilize sociological frameworks to best explain the incidence of such offending, but little research has been conducted to determine whether political factors may play a role. Although Olzak (1990) touched upon the relationship between racial violence and third-party politics during the American Progressive era (1882-1914), the research did not fully articulate how political competition may influence the commission of hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap, while also extending concepts associated with social disorganization theory and the defended communities perspective. It does so by utilizing a longitudinal research design to assess the impact of theoretical predictors and political competition measures on hate crime prevalence in counties across three states (Tennessee, Virginia & West Virginia) over a seven-year span (2010-2016).
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Kosmyna, Timothy. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between Vegetation and Crime in Toledo, Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1588928223201334.
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Trent, Carol L. s. "Elite Deviance, Organized Crime, and Homicide: A Cross-National Quantitative Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5788.
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Both elite deviance, committed by the upper echelons of society, and organized crime threaten development and the rights and security of people across and within nations; however empirical research on these topics is limited, especially in the field of criminology. This study addresses this gap in the literature by testing hypotheses derived from Simon’s symbiotic theory of elite deviance, which posits that direct and indirect relationships exist between elite deviance, organized crime, and conventional crimes exist (2008). The intervening effects of national culture and political economic ideology are also considered.
To test the research hypotheses, this study uses homicide rates, corruption and organized crime measures, and indicators of national culture from 114 nations. Findings suggest that empirical linkages exist between elite deviance, organized crime and conventional deviance at the cross-national level. These data suggest the level of corruption and organized crime within a nation are better predictors of homicide than conventional explanations of violent crime (e.g., modernization/development, opportunity/routine activities). Furthermore, organized crime partially mediated the relationship between corruption and homicide rates in the same (positive) direction. This implies that the criminogenic effect of elite deviance on non-elite deviance operates indirectly through organized crime. The corruption-homicide relationship was also partially mediated by a national culture of moral cynicism and capitalist economic conditions. Although not definitive given methodological concerns and alternate theoretical explanations, this study provides avenues for future research into the underlying social processes that influence the crime rate within nations.
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Flysjö, Lars. "A script analysis of organized crime in the Swedish construction industry." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41840.
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Background: Organized crime and the construction industry in relation to prevention and theoretical perspectives are understudied areas. Aims and method: This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of organized and financial crime in the Swedish construction industry and map the blind spots for control mechanisms and crime prevention. The purpose is to identify the structure of opportunities for organized crime in the Swedish construction industry through crime script analysis. Results: Two generalizable scripts following a similar modus operandi emerged, the “corporate looting” script and the “invoice factory” script. The peripheral involvement of organized crime groups indicates that there is a point in distinguishing between the actors and actions. Conclusions: Interventions should target intermediaries, earlier stages, and situations where the script enters the legal market. Further integration of macro-level analysis with crime script analysis can contribute to the formulation of effective crime prevention strategies.
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PRATT, TRAVIS CAMERON. "ASSESSING THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF MACRO-LEVEL PREDICTORS OF CRIME: A META-ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin984062054.
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Johansson, Erik, and Christoffer Gåhlin. "Crime hotspots: An evaluation of the KDE spatial mapping technique : Spatial analysis." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-678.
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Context Crime rates are increasing more and more, especially residential burglaries. This thesis includes a study of the Kernel Density Estimation algorithm, and how to use this algorithm for mapping crime patterns based on geographical data. By visualizing patterns as spatial hotspots, law-enforcements can get a better understanding of how criminals think and act. Objectives The thesis focuses on two experiments, including measuring the accuracy and performance of the KDE algorithm, as well as the analysis of the amount of crime data needed to compute accurate and reliable results. Methods A Prediction Accuracy Index is used to effectively measure the accuracy of the algorithm. The development of a Python test program, which is used for extracting and evaluating the results is also included in the study. Results The data from three geographical areas in Sweden, including Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmoe are analyzed and evaluated over a time period of one year. Conclusions The study conclude that the usage of the KDE algorithm to map residential burglaries performs well overall when having access to enough crimes. The minimum number of crimes for creating a trustworthy hotspot are presented in the result and conclusion chapters. The results further shows that KDE performs well in terms of execution time and scalability. Finally the study concludes that the amount of data that was available for the study was not enough for producing highly reliable hotspots.
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Adderley, Richard. "The use of data mining techniques in crime trend analysis and offender profiling." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15413.
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The aim of this project is to ascertain whether the data in existing Police recording systems can be used by existing mature data mining techniques in an efficient manner to achieve results that are more accurate than those achieved by Police specialists when analysing crime. The Police Service has no formalised methodology of recording and analysing crime data and it is incumbent on each Force to train and develop appropriate personnel to provide operational analysis. Police data is inconsistent and, frequently, incomplete making the task of formal analysis far more difficult and current analytical practices are semi-manual and time consuming producing results of limited accuracy. These analytical processes would benefit from using data mining techniques within a structured approach as discussed within this thesis. The usage of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques within a structured methodology to mining Police data is evaluated. The research demonstrates that data mining techniques can be successfully used in operational policing. High volume crimes such as burglary that have been committed by one or more known offenders can be classified and the model used to attribute currently undetected crimes to one or more of those known offenders. Burglary crimes that previously had no overt relationship and the identity of the offender is unknown can be clustered with the ability to suggest one or more offenders who may be responsible for committing the crime. The same techniques used in analysing high volume crime can be used to link low volume major crimes such as serious sexual assaults. The recognised benefits include an improvement in the accuracy of results over current semi-manual processes and a reduction in the time taken to achieve those results.
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Monteiro, Aleksandra Luísa Liachenko de Abreu Fonseca. "Análise criminal de Vila Nova de Gaia: caracterização dos crimes contra a propriedade e identificação de Hot-Spots." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4279.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia JurídicaA criminologia ambiental define que o evento criminal ocorre face à interacção entre factores temporais, espaciais e legais, o ofensor e os alvos criminais. Desta forma, o crime distribui-se de forma não aleatória, mas padronizada segundo as oportunidades criminais que cada ambiente fornece, uma vez que o comportamento criminal está dependente de factores situacionais. O presente estudo pretende, de uma forma geral, caracterizar a criminalidade contra a propriedade a um nível macro- e meso- em Vila Nova de Gaia, nas áreas de jurisdição da Guarda Nacional Republicana. A um nível específico, procura identificar os hot-spots correspondentes. Para o efeito, recorreu-se a um levantamento de dados presentes nas participações de todos os crimes contra a propriedade relativas ao ano de 2012, à observação directa, e posteriormente analisaram-se os dados através do software estatístico IBM Statistics 22. Os resultados permitem uma análise criminal macroscópica relevante, nomeadamente ao nível das características criminais e ambientais e do lesado. Permitem ainda verificar que a informação relativamente ao ofensor é escassa. Ao nível meso- a análise inferencial permite caracterizar e comparar a criminalidade ao nível dos diferentes postos de polícia, indicando diferenças significativas nas relações estabelecidas. Este estudo pode ser relevante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e intervenção adequadas, bem como para o desenvolvimento de outros estudos desde a perspectiva da criminologia ambiental.
Environmental criminology defines that the criminal event occurs due to the interaction between temporal, spatial and legal factors, the offender and criminal targets. Thus, crime is distributed non-randomly; on the contrary, it is standardized according to the criminal opportunities that each environment provides, since criminal behavior depends on situational factors. Mainly, the present study aims to characterize crime against property from a macro- to a meso- level in the jurisdiction areas of Guarda Nacional Republicana in Vila Nova de Gaia. At a specific level, it seeks to identify the corresponding hot-spots. To this end, not only we collected data from the police records of 2012, but we also proceeded to direct observation for data completion, and then analyzed it using the statistical software IBM Statistics 22. Results allow a relevant macroscopic analysis, particularly in terms of criminal and environmental characteristics and of the victim. It also allowed us to verify that the information regarding the offender is scarce. At a meso- level, this analysis allowed us to characterize and compare criminality of each police station, observing significant differences in established relationships. This study may be relevant for the development and implementation of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies as well as for the development of other studies drawn from the perspective of environmental criminology.
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Barthuly, Bryce Edward. "Spatial Analysis of Burglary and Robbery Crime Concentration Near Mass-Transit in Portland." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5034.
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The relationship between mass-transit and the concentration of burglary and robbery crimes is inconsistent within the available literature in environmental criminology. A number of studies have provided evidence of crime concentration at and near mass transit locations where paths intersect, referred to as a node. These empirical studies bring in environmental criminology theory with the idea that crime is clustered, and the pattern of the concentrations is substantially influenced by how and why people travel and move in a city. It is suggested that public transit allows for a large proportion of the population to move around the community along a restricted number of destinations and paths; therefore, this concentration of population frames opportunities, and increases overall concentrations of crime. Establishments and environments surrounding transit nodes may act as crime generators or attractors, as a high influx of people are drawn to the area via nearby transit services. More recent literature has identified contrasting results, finding that crime does not concentrate near mass transit areas. In some cases, transit facilities appear to act as protective nodes, with lower counts of crime occurring in and around these locales.
Given the conflicting results of existing research about crime at and near transit nodes, this study advances work in environmental criminology by analyzing the concentration of burglary and robbery events in Portland, Oregon. Recognizing that crime concentrations may vary depending on the level of analysis, this study explores crime concentrations at multiple levels of analysis. At the macro-level, this study examines burglaries and robberies across Portland as a whole to determine whether these events concentrate around mass transit nodes, when compared to other areas of the city. The meso-level examines within the broad category of mass transit, to explore whether burglary and robbery events cluster differently around different types of mass transit. Finally, the micro scale investigates the five highest-crime transit nodes to explore how burglary and robbery events concentrate in close proximity to these important locations. This study finds that while crime concentrates at higher levels surrounding mass transit nodes within Portland, the patterns of this concentration changes as the spatial level of analysis changes.
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Longino, Chris. "Organized Crime in Insurance Fraud: An Empirical Analysis of Staged Automobile Accident Rings." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5731.
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The growing trend of insurance fraud continues to cost US consumers billions of dollars a year through increased premiums. In 2015, the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud estimated the cost of insurance fraud as being at least $80 billion dollars a year. Even though an increasing number of criminals are drawn to the low risk, high reward of insurance fraud, little criminological literature has explored this topic and the public remains relatively unaware of the extent of the problem.
One alarming aspect of insurance fraud is the involvement of organized criminal groups. These organized criminal enterprises are formed for the sole purpose of defrauding the insurance industry. Often, these enterprises are believed to have ties to traditional organized criminal groups, such as the Italian Mafia or the Russian Mob. In order to combat these criminal organizations, it is important to understand the behavior and motivation of such groups.
The present study aims to analyze the generally held belief throughout the insurance industry that organized insurance fraud rings are more likely to operate in states with mandatory Personal Injury Protection (PIP) policies. This analysis was conducted by examining staged automobile accidents reported to the National Insurance Crime Bureau. The results of this analysis were mixed. Although a larger percentage of states with mandatory PIP displayed higher staged accident rate, some mandatory PIP states did not, and multiple non-PIP states also demonstrated a high staged accident rate. In an attempt to better understand this crime, further criminological research is needed.
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Hoblet, Karen Linda. "Analysis of Perceived Integration of Six Principles of Community and Determination of Relationship to Crime." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396540260.
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Gomes, Alexandra Rodrigues. "A influência da iluminação nos crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5325.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em CriminologiaCom a evolução das sociedades, a iluminação tornou-se algo imprescindível para a sensação de segurança do ser humano. Esta condiciona a utilização humana do espaço e os comportamentos dos transeuntes. O senso comum diz que as artérias mal iluminadas são mais perigosas em relação às bem iluminadas, acabando por serem evitadas pela grande maioria das pessoas devido ao medo de se tornarem vítimas de algum tipo de crime. Contudo, esta associação não se encontra bem documentada do ponto de vista empírico e científico, onde a parca literatura nada refere quanto à existência de uma relação causa-efeito. Muitos dos crimes ocorrem durante o período noturno, porque as artérias se encontram desertas e não existem as medidas de prevenção situacional necessárias à prevenção do crime. Este estudo foca-se na existência de uma associação entre a fraca iluminação das artérias e os crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais.
With the evolution of societies lighting has become something essential for the sense of security of being human. This conditions the human use of space and behaviors of passersby. Common sense dictates that the poorly lit streets are more dangerous in relation to well-lit ones, so the vast majority of people avoid them due to fear of becoming a victim of some kind of crime. However, this association is not well documented in an empirical and scientific point of view, where the lack of literature is silent on the existence of a cause-effect relationship . Many of the crimes occur during the night, because the arteries are empty and the situational crime prevention measures necessary to prevent the crime doesn’t exist. This study focuses on the existence of an association between the poor-lit streets and crimes against stores.
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Hammer, Matthew G. "Place-Based Investigations of Violent Offender Territories (PIVOT): An Exploration and Evaluation of a Place Network Disruption Violence Reduction Strategy in Cincinnati, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999744424994.
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Formosa, Saviour. "Spatial analysis of temporal criminality evolution : an environmental criminology study of crime in the Maltese Islands." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/964/.
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The study, the first of its kind in the Maltese Islands, reviewed crime in a spatio-temporal aspect based on where offenders live, interact and commit crime. The study has sought to develop an understanding of the Maltese Islands’ crime within a social and landuse structure through the employment of high-end GIS tools. A study at European and Small Islands level resulted in a relative safety-danger dynamic score model that shows that Malta is safe, though progressively decreasing in relative safety. A 40-year analysis depicted increasing crime rates as well as changes in crime categories. Findings highlight a high foreign prisoner component, highly-specific local-offender social situations with residential and poverty clustering. The findings show that the Maltese offender is male, young, a recidivist, increasingly less literate, has had a secondary education, single, unemployed and increasingly partaking to serious crimes. Residential analysis show a preference for the harbour region where offenders live in areas characterised by poverty that have disproportionate offender concentrations when compared to their shrinking population concentration. Offences committed by convicted offenders fall within high dwelling concentrations, vacant dwelling concentrations, apartment zones and low population density areas. Offender-offence findings show that Maltese offenders commit crime close to their residence mostly travelling less than 5 km. Reported offence analysis results in high summer rates, with specific weekend to weekday differences, concentrated in a relatively small area within the conurbation with unique hotspots in fringe recreational localities. An analysis of landuse categories identified that residential areas host the highest offence counts, particularly serious crimes, whilst retail-related crime activities directly effect neighbourhoods through distance travelled from the retail entity. Outputs from the research include a conceptual model based on the crime, social and landuse constructs, a league-table of crime-mapping sites and the creation of a web-enabled Crimemap system for the Maltese Islands.
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Aparicio, Malin. "Brott & Plats - brottsförebyggande och trygghetsskapande stadsplanering." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23271.
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Detta examensarbete har sin utgångspunkt ihållbar stadsutveckling och inriktar sigsärskilt på social hållbarhet men även påekonomisk hållbarhet. Arbetet behandlarhuruvida den fysiska strukturen (gator,byggnader, parker, vägar) och markanvändningen(mötesplatser, funktionsblandning,aktivitetsytor) kan verka brottsförebyggandeoch trygghetsskapande och som kontextundersöks delområdet Herrgården iRosengård, Malmö. Med utgångspunkt i deteoretiska principerna; människans skala,befolkade stadsrum, naturlig övervakningoch förvaltning härleds en förståelse försambandet mellan fysisk miljö, brott ochotrygghet. En nulägesbeskrivning och enhållbarhetsanalys av situationen i Herrgårdengörs. Området Herrgården kartläggsoch analyseras utifrån ett observationsschemabaserat på de teoretiska principerna.Analysen av den fysiska strukturenkompletteras med brottsstatistisk, analysav brottskoncentrationers geografiskaplacering tillsammans med input från denfördjupade trygghetsundersökningen. Intevjuermed verksamma i området kompletterarstudien.Hållbarhetsanalysen visar att Herrgårdenär ett utsatt och resurssvagt område samtatt Herrgårdenborna saknar förankring tillsamhället genom sin låga delaktighet. Invånarnai Herrgården känner en låg gradav trivsel, tillit och kollektiv styrka,lägst för stadsdelen.Vidare uppger invånarna i Herrgården attde känner en hög otrygghet och en storandel av invånarna avstår aktiviteter pågrund av otrygghet fastän utsattheten förbrott inte är anmärkningsvärd hög.Analys av den fysiska strukturen och markanvändningenutifrån principerna ur teorigenomgången;människans skala, befolkadestadsrum, naturlig övervakning ochförvaltning visar att det finns mycket attgöra.Analysen av brottsstatistik visar på treutmärkande mikroplatser i delområdet; Rosengårdsskolan,koloniområdet och Rosengårdsherrgård (inrymmer Drömmarnas hus).Hållbarhetsanalysen visar att jämlikhetenoch delaktigheten i Herrgården behöverstärkas. För att öka den upplevda trygghetenoch minska brottsligheten i Herrgårdenkrävs insatser som inbegriper mångaaktörer och en bred samverkan, inte minstpå lokal nivå. Vidare är det nödvändigtmed en lokal förankring till de boende iområdet inte minst barn och unga som utgören stor andel av invånarna. För attförändringar i den fysiska strukturen skaförbli långsiktiga investeringar och intedrabbas av vandalisering och nedskräpningså är det viktigt att befolkningen i områdetkommer till tals och får möjlighetatt lämna synpunkter och förslag tidigt iprocessen.Som en del av examensarbetet upprättas enprojektplan med syfte att stärka främstden sociala men även ekonomiska hållbarhetensom omfattar att ta fram en generiskmodell för ett lokalt brottsförebyggandeoch trygghetsskapande program med inriktningpå fysisk struktur och markanvändning,TRYGG & SÄKER. Projektet syftartill att öka tryggheten och minska tillfällenaför brott men även till att ökajämlikheten och delaktigheten bland de boendeoch verksamma.Sökord/nyckelord: hållbar stadsutveckling,social hållbarhet, brottsförebyggande ochtrygghetsskapande stadsplanering, brott,säkerhet, trygghet, GIS, fysisk planering,geografisk analys, markanvändning, befolkadestadsrum, stadsliv, ögon på gatan,delaktighet, hotspots, mikroplatsThis thesis is based on sustainable urbandevelopment and focuses particularlyon social sustainability, but also economicsustainability. The thesis addresseswhether the physical structure (streets,buildings, parks, roads) and land use (venues,function mixing, activity areas) cansupport crime prevention and reduce thefear of crime and the context for thissurvey is Herrgården in Malmö, Sweden. Basedon the theoretical principles; humanscale, populated urban space, natural surveillanceand management an understandingof the relationship between physical environment,crime and fear of crime is derived.A status report and a sustainabilityanalysis of the situation in the Herrgårdenis made. The area Herrgården is mappedand analyzed through an observationschedule based on the theoretical principles.The analysis of the physical structureis complemented by crime statistics,analysis of hotspots` geographic positiontogether with input from the security survey.Interviews with people working in thearea complements the study.The sustainability analysis shows thatHerrgården is a vulnerable and weak resourcearea and the residents lacks anchoringto the community by their low participation.The inhabitants of Herrgårdenfeel a low degree of satisfaction, trust,and collective strength, lowest for thedistrict.Furthermore, residents in Herrgården statethat they feel a high level of fear ofcrime and a high proportion of residentsrefrain activities due to fear of crime,although victimization is not remarkablyhigh.Analysis of the physical structure andland use based on the principles of thetheory; human scale, populated urban spaces,natural surveillance and managementshows that there still is much to do.The analysis of crime statistics shows threedistinctive hot spots in the area;Rosengårdsskolan, area with the allotmentsand the old mansion of Rosengård(today Drömmarnas hus, multiactivities forchildren and young).The sustainability analysis shows thatequality and participation in Herrgårdenneeds to be strengthened. In order to reducethe crime and the fear of crime in Herrgården efforts involving many stakeholdersand a broad collaboration, especiallyat the local level, is needed.Furthermore, it is necessary to have alocal connection to the residents especiallychildren and young people who make upa large proportion of the inhabitants. Tochange the physical structure to remainlong-term investment and not suffer fromvandalism and littering, it is importantthat people in the area have a voice andthe opportunity to make comments and suggestionsearly in the process.As part of the thesis a projectplan is established,aimed at strengthening primarilysocial but also economic sustainability,which includes developing a genericmodel for a local crime prevention andsecurity-building program that focus onphysical structure and land use, SAFE &SECURE. The project aims to reduce fear ofcrime and reduce opportunities for crimebut also to increase the equality and fullparticipation of people living and working.Keywords/tags: sustainable urban development,social sustainability, crime preventionand reduced fear of crime, urbanplanning, crime, safety, security, GIS,spatial planning, spatial analysis, landuse, populated urban space, city life, eyeson the street, participation, hot spots
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Saito, Emiko. "A comparative analysis of the prevention and control of electronic crime in the financial sector." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409543.
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Ekberg, Emma, and Josefine Kjellberg. "Orsaksanalyser i praktiskt brottsförebyggande arbete : Hur ofta genomförs de och varför genomförs de inte?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74795.
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Orsaksanalyser av problembilder i praktiskt brottsförebyggande arbete är ett relativt outforskat område. Tillgänglig forskning fokuserar primärt på utsträckningen av arbetet. Föreliggande studie syftar att bidra med ytterligare en aspekt. Studien undersökte i vilken utsträckning orsaksanalyser av problembilder genomförs i praktiskt brottsförebyggande arbete samt förekomsten av potentiella bidragande faktorer till att de inte genomförs. Vidare undersöktes huruvida resultaten skiljer sig mellan två svenska brottsförebyggande verksamheter: kommunal sektor och Polismyndigheten. Studien antog en kvantitativ forskningsansats där en webbaserad enkät besvarades av yrkesverksam personal inom praktiskt brottsförebyggande arbete inom de brottsförebyggande verksamheterna. Totalt deltog 85 respondenter varav 33 kvinnor (38,8%) och 52 män (61,2%), av de var 57 respondenter från kommunal sektor (67,1%) och 28 från Polismyndigheten (32,9%). Resultatet visade att orsaksanalyser av problembilder i praktiskt brottsförebyggande arbete sällan utförs. Vidare visade resultaten att samtliga undersökta faktorer potentiellt kunde förklara den låga utsträckningen. Gällande skillnader mellan respondenter från kommunal sektor och respondenter från Polismyndigheten identifierades vissa signifikanta skillnader för potentiella bidragande faktorer till att orsaksanalyser inte genomförs men inte för utsträckningen av arbetet. Slutsatsen var således att orsaksanalyser genomfördes i låg utsträckning och två potentiella bidragande faktorer var kunskapsbrist och tidsbrist, dessutom identifierades få signifikanta skillnader mellan de två brottsförebyggande verksamheterna.Causal crime analysis in practical crime prevention is a relatively uncharted area. Available research focuses primarily on the extent of working with causal crime analysis. The present study aims to contribute with an additional aspect. This study examined to what extent causal crime analysis is conducted in practical crime prevention and the occurence of potential contributing factors to why causal crime analysis is not conducted. Furthermore, it was examined whether the results differ between two Swedish crime prevention agencies: the municipal sector and The Swedish Police Authority. A quantitative research approach was used. Data was collected using a web survey answered by practitioners actively working with practical crime prevention within the two crime prevention agencies. A total of 85 respondents participated, of which 33 were women (38,8%) and 52 were men (61,2%), 57 of them represented the municipal sector (67,1%) and 28 represented The Swedish Police Authority (32,9%). Results showed that causal crime analysis in practical crime prevention rarely is conducted and that all of the examined factors potentially could explain the low extent. Regarding differences between respondents from municipal sector and The Swedish Police Authority significant differences were identified concerning potential contributing factors to why causal crime analysis is not conducted but not concerning the extent causal crime analysis is conducted. In conclusion, causal crime analysis was conducted to a low extent and two potential contributing factors were lack of knowledge and time, additionally, few significant differences were identified between the two crime prevention agencies.
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Hinkle, Matthew Philip. "Sexy Columbus exotic dancing and crime in our city /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228328763.
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Comnick, Terry J. "Survey on the seriousness of crime: A comparison of three police departments." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1207.
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Song, Hyojong. "An Exploratory Study of Macro-Social Correlates of Online Property Crime." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6954.
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Despite the recent decreasing trend of most traditional types of crime, online property crime (OPC), referring to crime committed online with a financial orientation such as online frauds, scams, and phishing, continues to increase. According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center, the number of reported complaints about OPC have increased by approximately sixteen fold from 16,838 cases in 2000 to 288,012 cases in 2015, and referred financial losses have also increased about sixty times from $17.8 million in 2001 to $1 billion in 2015. The increase in OPC might be directly related to advanced online accessibility due to the accelerated progress of information and communication technology (ICT). Since the progress of ICT continues forward and the advanced ICT infrastructure can affect our routine activities more significantly, issues regarding OPC may become more various and prevalent.
The present study aims to explore a macro-social criminogenic structure of OPC perpetration. Specifically, this study focused on exploring probable macro-social predictors of OPC rates and examining how effectively these possible macro-social predictors account for variance in OPC perpetration rates. In addition, this study explored possible predictors of macro-level online opportunity structure, which is expected to have a direct relationship with OPC rates. It also examined how much variance in online opportunity structure was explained by the included possible predictors. With these research purposes, the current study analyzed state-level data of the fifty states in the U.S. by applying a partial least square regression (PLSR) approach.
The results indicated that predictors related to macro-social economic conditions such as economic inequality, poverty, economic social support, and unemployment had a significant association with OPC. As expected, indicators in the domain of economic inequality predicted greater OPC rates and those in the domain of economic social support were related to lower OPC rates. However, poverty and unemployment predictors were negatively associated with OPC, which is the opposite direction of the relationships between these predictors and traditional street crime. In addition, indicators of online opportunity structure were found to have a significantly positive relationship to OPC as expected. The PLSR model for predicting OPC applied in the current study accounted for approximately 50% of variance in OPC rates across states.
For predictors of online opportunity structure, the results indicated that online opportunity was associated with state-level economic and socio-demographic characteristics. States with less poverty, more urban population, and more working age adults were more likely to report more online opportunities. The PLSR model for predicting online opportunity structure explained about 80% of variance in measured online opportunity. These results may imply that some types of macro-social conditions may have an indirect effect on OPC through online opportunity structure as well as their direct effects on OPC. Future study should pay more attention to examining structural relationships of macro-social contexts, online opportunity structure, and OPC to understand macro-level criminogenic mechanism of OPC.
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Maitra, Dev Rup. "Gangs, race, and 'the street' in prison : an inductive analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290265.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the practices and compositions of gangs in Greater Manchester, England. Primarily drawing from qualitative data gathered in two adult, men's prisons, it explores gang members' activities, how these practices develop on 'the street', and how they are later affected by imprisonment. The thesis also explores the links between race, geographical area and gang affiliation, analysing how a gang member's racial background and area of origin may relate to his gang. The results show the strong influence of gangs at the sample prisons, and how gangs affect the ways in which prisoners negotiate the carceral space: violent practices, gang allegiances and rivalries developed on 'the street' are regularly transplanted into prison. These high levels of gang 'importation' into the sample prisons result in the social and cultural significance of street gangs often penetrating prison walls. Area of origin and shared racial background are strong unifying 'banners' under which many prison gangs operate, and violence is an integral part of life in 'the gang'. However, reflecting the academic literature, gang members often contest the terminology around 'gangs', showing the polarized discourse around these topics. The thesis attempts to resolve some of these debates by presenting a comprehensive gang typology shaped by theory and prisoners' testimonies.
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McCord, Eric Steven. "The relationship between place management and physical environment in apartment crime." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2686.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this research is crime in multi-unit rental structures, Specifically, apartment complexes. It seeks to identify management policies and environmental attributes that are associated with lower crime and police calls for service rates.