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1

Simon, Leonore. "Victim-offender relationships in crimes of violence." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185739.

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Although societal interest in violence is not new, the lay public and legal and mental health professionals have become increasingly interested in distinguishing nonstranger and stranger violence. The importance of the victim-offender relationship is underscored by the fact that society appears to be less fearful of the nonstranger offender than it is of the stranger offender. This research explores the role of the victim-offender relationship in crimes of violence. Inmate self-report, official data, and prison infraction data were used. All data collection occurred within the Arizona state prison system and included 273 inmate subjects who committed violent offenses. The victim-offender relationship was studied in the context of the validity of offender self-report, the prison experience of inmates, criminal justice processing of offenders, recidivism of offenders, specialization of offenders, and offender's perception of victim contribution. Results suggest that the violent offender self-report is valid and reliable, and that stranger and nonstranger offenders are similar in some ways and different in others. In particular, stranger offenders have more disciplinary problems in prison; are charged and convicted of less serious crimes but are given longer sentences; have more extensive juvenile records and histories of drug abuse; are more likely to have been in prison before; do not have more extensive self-reported crime commission rates; are no more or no less likely to specialize; and are less likely to perceive victim contribution than nonstranger offenders. Conclusions and implications for public policy are discussed.
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Celik, Hande. "A Sociological Analysis Of Women Criminals In The Denizli Open Prison." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609523/index.pdf.

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This study, through a questionnaire and in-depth interviews, aims to to make a sociological analysis of female criminals in the Denizli Open Prison, including their demographic characteristics, family structures, committed crimes and the factors that led to their criminal acts. The questionnaire, composed of 57 questions, has been evaluated in the SPSS program, and in-depth interviews were done with 6 female criminals for a detailed analysis of why the female criminals committed crimes and the factors that led to their behavior. In the study, the concept of crime is accepted as a social fact. The educational backgrounds, ages, families and subcultures of the women have been examined and the dynamics of female criminality in Turkey have been cross-examined within the limits of sampling. In the course of the study, it was found that concepts of honor, domestic violence and patriarchal structure have been key concepts of female criminality, and female criminality in Turkey can be understood in terms of these phenomena
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Schneider, Rachel Zimmer. "Battered Women and Violent Crime: An Exploration of Imprisoned Women Before and After the Clemency Movement." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1145283559.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of of Sociology, 2006.<br>"May, 2006." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 10/11/2006) Advisor, Kathryn M. Feltey; Committee members, Gay C. Kitson, Matthew Lee, Amy Kroska, Sandra Perosa; Department Chair, Mark Tausig; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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4

Blöth, Pauline. "Civilian Agency in Contexts of Organized Criminal Violence : The case of the bandas criminales in Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385264.

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While research increasingly recognizes the importance of civilian agency and strategies in influencing conflict dynamics and reducing civilian victimization in the context of armed conflict, research has until now not investigated whether civilians also have the capacity to limit organized criminal violence. This study thus aims to answer under which conditions civilians can protect themselves from and influence levels of organized criminal violence and draws on the literatures on civilian self-protection and autonomy strategies in the context of armed conflict, as well as on organized criminal governance and violence. I argue that civilian communities with high levels of social organization will experience lower levels of violence, as they are more likely to mount successful collective strategies that influence costs and benefits for organized crime groups to use violence. Using the method of structured focused comparison, this hypothesis is tested on the Colombian municipalities San Juan de Arama, Vistahermosa and Granada. The results show some support for the theorized relationship. In general, municipalities with higher levels of social organization experienced lower levels of organized criminal violence, but this relationship appears to be moderated by levels of civil war violence. Due to the explorative character of this study, more research is warranted.
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5

Yin, Ruo Yi. "Crime against the homeless and the response of the criminal justice system." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953491.

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6

Heeb, Alexis. "Violent crime, public perceptions and citizen security strategies in Colombia during the 1990s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9aa285b1-15e6-402f-a4e8-2f7322c9adc3.

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This research deals with the topic of violent crime in urban Colombia. Although many references are made to the conflict between the State, guerrilla groups and paramilitary organisations in rural areas, and to the problem of drug-cartels and illegal-drug production, the main aim of the thesis is to show recent trends in violent crime and discuss citizen security strategies followed during the decade of the 1990s. Chapter 1 focuses on urban homicides. In Colombia, 40 percent of the 25,000 annual homicides are committed in the ten largest cities. The cities of Medellin, Bogota and Cali account for almost 30 percent of this total. Although the victims are mainly young men from the poorest socio-economic levels, homicides are not necessarily correlated to the areas where the poor live. The probability of getting involved in a homicide, either as a victim or as victimiser, is significantly higher in places where access to economic resources is greater. Chapter 2 analyses the problem of kidnappings. The chapter looks at recent progresses in Colombian anti-kidnapping legislation and focuses on the authors, the victims and the riskzones where most cases take place. Although these crimes affect mainly the rich and the middle class, kidnappers have recently started to target victims from all social backgrounds. This strategy creates fear among citizens and permits kidnappers to extort more fees from people who could be at risk of being kidnapped. Chapter 3 looks at the issue of perception and fear of crime. This question provides a better understanding of the concept of risk and the subjectivity of decision-making when facing insecurity. If citizen security strategies have had little impact during the last decade, it has been partly because of poor levels of co-operation and communication with the population. The consequence of this has been an increasing perception of insecurity and distrust among citizens. Chapter 4 assesses citizen security strategies followed during the administrations of Presidents Gaviria (1990-1994), Samper (1994-1998) and Pastrana (1998-2002). The reforms implemented since the adoption of a new Constitution in 1991 have had important impacts on security strategies as they have given more discretionary powers to civilian authorities, especially at the municipal level. Larger cities like Bogotá, Cali and Medellin, implemented a series of successful programmes that have reduced the levels of violent crime, notably homicides. Other crimes, like kidnappings, have not decreased since the government has lacked a coherent strategy to combine its peace negotiations with insurgent organisations with its legitimate right to fight violent crime.
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7

Covington, Michele. "CORRELATES AND CAUSES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST POLICE OFFICERS: A CRIMINAL EVENTS ANALYSIS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2766.

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Violence against police officers is a major problem in America. Previous studies on violence and police officers have usually focused on violence by police officers, not violence against police officers. This study is the first of its kind as it examines violence against police officers from a comprehensive, criminal events perspective with detailed use of force/officer violence data collected by the Orlando Police Department. Individual officer characteristics, individual offender characteristics, situational variables, and geographical factors are considered. Logistic regression results indicate that use of force incidents are more likely to involve battery against one or more police officers when multiple officers are involved, when offenders are female, when offenders are of larger size (measured by weight), and when offenders are known to have recently consumed alcohol before the incident. Spatial analysis results indicate that there is significant clustering of batteries against police officers within the City of Orlando, and that the areas where police battery is predominant are very similar to areas where alcohol-related businesses are prevalent, and theoretically, more alcohol is consumed. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Sociology<br>Sciences<br>Sociology PhD
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Saunders-Hastings, Katherine E. "Order and insecurity under the mara : violence, coping, and community in Guatemala City." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41c30581-4e46-483a-b77e-c241fa88a819.

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Drawing on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in a poor and notorious neighbourhood, this dissertation examines how evolving dynamics of urban violence have affected life in a Guatemala City gang territory. The maras of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras - the gangs that help give these countries some of the world's highest homicide rates - have changed dramatically in their group cultures and criminal economies since they appeared in the 1990s. I trace what I call the mara's predatory turn: the elaboration of an extortion economy, which has had far-reaching consequences for the relationship between gang cliques and their barrios. This transformation has re-shaped the experience of chronic insecurity in the communities that maras operate from: inhabitants report that it is now less manageable, less predictable, and more frightening. They speak of a heightening of danger in their lives brought about by the decline of certain local norms and mechanisms that had previously moderated gang violence and bolstered community resilience. Local narratives of insecurity and decline illuminate when, how, and why violence disrupts and disorders social life. What many informants emphasized was not a cataclysmic appearance of violence in their lives, but rather a catastrophic breakdown in the mechanisms that had controlled it. In this distressing context, residents struggle to minimize their insecurity and to reclaim or create forms of order. I examine two principal ways that they seek to do so: by working to maintain a moral order based on narratives about the neighbourhood and its values or 'codes', and by looking to external providers of order in the state and its security forces. Exploring the complex relationships and interactions between inhabitants, gang members, and state forces in this barrio, I contribute to academic debates about local and state responses to insecurity in Latin America and propose modifications to prevailing models of state and criminal 'governance' in marginal urban communities.
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9

Jansen, Elmo. "Violent Cities in Times of Peace : A Study on Reducing Criminal Violence in Post-War Urban Communities in South Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324942.

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The end of civil war does not equal the end of violence. Many post-war societies struggle with anoutburst of criminal violence in major cities, after armed conflicts have officially ended in peaceagreements. Crime control programs are a response to reduce criminal violence, but vary greatly interms of level of implementation, approach, and success. This study explores why some of thosecriminal violence control programs are successful in reducing violence, whereas others are not.Deriving from a theoretical framework of urban crime prevention, it is argued that a multi-sectoralcontrol program, targeting social and situational causes of crime, is more successful in reducingviolence in post-war urban communities than a single sector approach. Through a structuredfocused comparison, this hypothesis is tested on three urban communities in post-apartheid SouthAfrica, where high levels of criminal violence were addressed by three different types of crimecontrol. The results show that only the multi-sectoral approach correlates with a reduction ofcriminal violence levels. While the type of control program seems to impact the level of success,there are various other explanatory factors that correlate with a successful reduction of crime, suchas community participation and effective partnerships.
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10

Yaya, Doumbè Brunet Marie. "Crime contre l'humanité et terrorisme." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3001/document.

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Si la question de l'inclusion des actes de terrorisme dans la notion de crime contre l'humanité avait déjà été abordée à plusieurs reprises dans certains travaux, c'est au lendemain des attentats terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 perpétrés aux États-Unis d'Amérique qu'elle s'est posée avec acuité. Cette étude est née de la volonté de savoir si le terrorisme pourrait être considéré comme un crime contre l'humanité. Celle-ci se veut une analyse des points de ressemblance et de dissemblance entre l'incrimination et la criminalité terroristes d'une part et celles liées au crime contre l'humanité d'autre part. Si à certains égards, le terrorisme se rapproche du crime contre l'humanité, par la violence et le contexte idéologique qui les caractérisent, il n'en demeure pas moins qu'il s'agit de deux criminalités essentiellement différentes. Étant donné que traiter du crime contre l'humanité et du terrorisme, c'est aborder des sujets où se trouvent étroitement imbriqués le droit, l'histoire, la politique et la sociologie politique, l'étude ne se limite pas au seul droit pénal<br>If the matter of including terrorist acts in the notion of crime against humanity had already been approached repeatedly in certain research works, since the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, committed in the United States of America, it raised intensively. This study grew from the will to know if terrorism could be considered as a crime against humanity. This one aims to be an analysis of similarities and disparities between terrorist incrimination and criminality on the one hand and those linked with crime against humanity on the other hand. If in certain respects, terrorism gets closer to the crime against humanity, by violence and ideological context which characterize them, the fact remains that they are essentially two different forms of criminalities. Given that dealing with crime against humanity and terrorism, will raise subjects in which are closely interconnected law, history, politics and political sociology, thus the study is not restricted to the plain criminal law
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11

Rios, Contreras Viridiana. "How Government Structure Encourages Criminal Violence: The causes of Mexico's Drug War." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10752.

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12

Guclu, Idris. "The Function of Social Structure in Controlling Violent Crime in Turkey." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33225/.

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This dissertation examines the relationship between social structural factors and violent crime rates in Turkey. The relationship between social structural characteristics and violent crime is worth exploring in areas that have attracted little academic attention, such as violent crime in Turkey. In order to understand and prevent the occurrence of crime, researchers have long investigated possible factors related to crime. Examining how crime varies across different regions can help us to understand underlying reasons for violent crime, which is considered one of the enduring problems in society. The findings of this research, to some extent, support the assumptions of social disorganization theory regarding the distribution of violent crime. Both the findings of multivariate and bivariate analysis indicated that poverty, unemployment, and family disruptions may have a positive effect on the distribution of violent crime in the cities of Turkey. The analysis of the effects of the social structure variables through the mediating variables, such as religious institutions, libraries and voluntary associations on the number of violent crimes and violent criminals, to some extent, support the tenets of social disorganization theory. However, all mediating variables cannot mediate all the indirect effects of social structural covariates. In brief, none of their indirect impacts on the social structural variables on the outcome variable was significant via mediating variables.
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13

Mitchell, David Scott. "Voicing the Silent War Crime: Prosecuting Sexual Violence in the Special Court for Sierra Leone." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146448301.

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14

Yevchak, Lecinda M. "Teen Dating Violence Victimization in a Life-Course Perspective: Linkages to Delinquency and Adult Criminal Behavior." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1355243942.

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Price, Lisa S. "Making rape a war crime : the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and its treatment of sexual violence." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312977.

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Gonzalez, Dominquez Jose Fabian. "Gang membership, drug sales, violence, and guns." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3358.

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The purpose of this study is to examine three factors relating to drug arrests using secondary data analysis. First, ethnic characteristics of a dealer were analyzed according to the location from where they sold their product. Next, possible factors associated with a police officer using force at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed. Finally, factors associated with a gun being present at the time of a drug arrest were also analyzed.
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Randle, Jasmin B. "Los Angeles County's Criminal Street Gangs: Does Violence Roll Downhill?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/10.

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According to the 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment created by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, there are more than 33,000 gangs in the United States, cited as being responsible for nearly 48% of the violent crime in the country. Using information drawn from gang-related court cases, this study examines the nature of inter- and intra-gang violence occurring between January 1, 2002-December 31, 2011. An innovative application of network analysis will be used to hone in on rivalries, the existence of possible hierarchy, and the relational and structural characteristics of Blood and Crip gangs in Los Angeles County. Results show that the majority of gang-on-gang violence originates and targets individuals in the city of Los Angeles. Furthermore, more than two-thirds of the violence committed at the hands of Blood and Crip gangs is upon individuals that are not affiliated with a gang. Strategies are offered on how to improve the effectiveness of existing community-based policing or hot-spot policing in areas known to have violent gang-related incidents (Los Angeles City). Furthermore, the implementation of programs designed to assist and deter the formation and proliferation of gangs will result in less gang violence and therefore more time to be spent on creating law enforcement strategies aimed at quelling the more troublesome gang rivalries.
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Newman, Jonathan. "Social networks and the narrating of violence among Colombian coffee farmers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50371/.

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Gulledge, Laura Marie. "The Role of Gender in Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6246.

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This study focuses on the interrelationships between gender, self-control and intimate partner violence (IPV). The sample consists of 960 undergraduate and graduate university students who are currently in a dating relationship. A series of bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to: 1) determine if self-control and IPV vary across gender and 2) assess the effect of gender on the relationship between self-control and IPV. Overall, results provide partial support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime. Self-control operated similarly on IPV for both males and females, supporting the gender-neutrality of their theory. However, the gender gap in crime, as it relates to self-control, remains in question as females were more likely than males to commit more types of IPV. The implications of these findings, limitations of the current study, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Anderson, Donald. "Sedition, violence, theft and disorder : crime, protest and the use of the criminal law in Wellington during the General Strike of 1913." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4265.

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This thesis investigates the connection between industrial protest and the crime committed in Wellington during the 1913 General Strike. The possibility that the ways in which the criminal law was implemented changed in response to the strike has also been examined. The crimes focused upon include violence, theft, anti-state actions, seditious utterances, verbal abuse, threatening behaviour and desertion. Crimes committed in Wellington during and in the two years before the start of the strike have been researched. In all, 1757 criminal charges for violence, theft or potential anti-state actions are studied. Some comparisons are made with violence, crime, prosecutions and policing during the 1890 Maritime Strike and the 1951 Waterfront Dispute. International research on crime, protest, prosecutions, policing and industrial disputes is also discussed to provide a basis for the New Zealand case study. Six hypotheses from the international research are tested against the data gathered on Wellington. Three of these hypotheses concern crime as protest by strikers. The other three hypotheses focus on the uses made of the criminal law during industrial disputes (through arrests, prosecutions, verdicts, sentences, the refusal of bail, and jury trials). Offences by strikers against their employers and against strike-breakers are found to have been surprisingly infrequent in Wellington in late 1913. Crime as protest by strikers and sympathisers against special constables was very common. There is no evidence, however, that theft was used as a form of protest during the strike. The response of the police to the 1913 strike and the related disorder was to intensify their efforts to control certain types of offences, in particular, socially threatening "crimes" associated with the strike. Overall, the police displayed a surprising degree of restraint in making arrests. The analysis of conviction and sentencing patterns indicates that the Wellington judiciary responded firmly to the period of disorder and heightened social tensions, but that this response was neither malicious nor indiscriminate. The criminal law was not used as a means to remove (through conviction and imprisonment) all "undesirables" or potential "troublemakers" from the streets of Wellington. Many of those who were convicted of strike related offences received longer terms of imprisonment and larger fines than were imposed prior to the strike. These sentences were intended to deter potential offenders and prevent further disorder, as well as to punish those caught. The penalties were firm but not as severe as the law allowed.
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Van, der Haer Anthony Abner. "How would an accused / defence successfully argue non-pathological criminal incapacity or alternative defences, namely in the battered wife / partner syndrome?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27419.

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OLIVEIRA, Luciana Maria Ribeiro de. "Crime é “coisa de mulher”: identidades de gênero e identificações com a prática de crimes em posição de liderança entre mulheres jovens na cidade de Recife/PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19124.

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Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-19T16:15:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-tese-LucianaOliveira.pdf: 2286385 bytes, checksum: 2aa6b210856e069ccef31a0dcc05293f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T16:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2012-tese-LucianaOliveira.pdf: 2286385 bytes, checksum: 2aa6b210856e069ccef31a0dcc05293f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-29<br>Este estudo se constitui em uma análise antropológica interpretativa das interrelações entre as construções das identidades de gênero e as identificações com a prática de crimes entre mulheres jovens praticantes de atividades ilícitas em posição de liderança. Acredita-se que a prática de crimes em posições de destaque pode ser realizada por mulheres e que estas apresentam um fazer criminal específico edificado a partir de construções identitárias de sentidos de gênero que dão significados próprios ao ser bandida. A pesquisa de campo empreendida foi conduzidapela alternância de entrevistas individuais e em grupo, conversas informais e momentos de convívio junto a treze mulheres jovens praticantes de crimes com idades entre 17 e 29 anos de idade e que se encontravam presasaguardandojulgamento ou em liberdadeno cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida na cidade de Recife/PE, focando nas suas compreensões, escolhas e significações sobre o ser mulher e o ser bandida, na busca por identificações de gênero na prática de crimes. O uso do métodointerpretativo antropológico permitiu a atenção científica aos aspectos simbólicos e performáticos presentes nas falas e nos comportamentos das interlocutoras. Os referenciais teóricos se alternam principalmente entre os estudos feministas de Henrietta Moore (2000; 2004) para a compreensão das relações de poder que circundam as práticas criminosas femininas a partir da análise entre as identidades de gênero e os discursos de gênero; as teorias da performance e da manipulação identitária de Ervin Goffman (1988; 2008) para analisar os desempenhos e as identidades encenadas e visualizadas nos relatos das mulheres a respeito de suas operações criminosas; as teorias interacionistas do desvio de Howard Becker (1977; 2008) com ênfase no estudo do desenvolvimento das carreiras criminosas das praticantes de crimes a partir do processo de interação social; e os estudos dos ―modelos de sociabilidade identificados socialmente como violentos‖ de Theophilos Rifiotis (1997; 2006; 2008) partindo de uma visão positivada da violência com ênfase na capacidade estruturante e produtiva dos conflitos. Os resultados alcançados com o fim da pesquisa e a escrita da tese posicionam as mulheres praticantes de crimes aqui pesquisadas se alternando em relatos performáticos e manipulatórios que, a todo tempo, positivam suas habilidades ilícitas, dando novos contornos às suas identidades femininas. Nas análises ficou claro que não é a busca, nem mesmo, a incorporação de um ethosmasculino que está em jogo para essas mulheres, mas sim, a busca de uma forma de ser feminina em um espaço social por elas composto, ao qual demonstram atribuir uma significação própria. As jovens reafirmam suas identidades a partir do cenário da criminalidade com um universo deideiasque considerem suas práticas ilícitas, muitas vezes violentas, como formas femininas próprias de atuar na criminalidade a partir de qualidades e de habilidades específicas elencadas por elas como necessárias para se constituírem como mulheres criminosas. São questionadas também, as práticas de intervenção dentro dos espaços institucionais do poder punitivo, baseadas no exercício de um poder disciplinar ineficaz a produzir condutas técnicas que se utilizam de uma maquinaria pedagógica de funcionamento institucional movida através de estratégias punitivas disciplinadoras que não se apresentam como experiências significativas provocadoras de mudanças que levem as mulheres pesquisadas a uma saída permanente da criminalidade. Esses resultados possibilitam uma compreensão mais ampla do fenômeno da criminalidade feminina em posição de liderança atenta às suas significações e pluralidades.<br>This study consists of an anthropological analysis of the interrelationships between the constructions of gender identities and identifications with criminal activities among young women in a leadership position. It is believed that the crimes in prominent positions can be performed by women and that do have an specific criminal ability built on a constructed identity of meanings and discourses of gender that they themselves give meaning to what being a bandit signifies. The field research was carried out by the alternation of individual and group interviews, informal conversations and moments of conviviality among the thirteen young women offenders aged from 17 to 29 years who had been found already convicted and some awaiting freedom under socio-assisted liberty in Recife/PE, focusing on their understanding, meaning and choices about being a woman and being an outlaw in the search for gender identification in the world of crime. The use of anthropological interpretive method aimed at scientific attention to the symbolic and performative aspects present in the speeches and behaviors of the interlocutors. The theoretical foundation alternated mainly between the feminist studies of Henrietta Moore (2000, 2004) for the understanding of the power relations that surround the female criminal practices from the analysis of gender identities and gender discourse, theories of performance and manipulation of identity by Ervin Goffman (1988, 2008) to analyze the performances and identities showed through what these women said concerning their criminal operations; interactionist theories of deviance by Howard Becker (1977, 2008) with emphasis on the study of the development of criminal careers of these offenders based on the process of social interaction, and studies of "models of sociability identified as violent according to the rules of society " by Theophilos Rifiotis (1997, 2006, 2008) starting from a positively valued vision of violence with emphasis on the structuring and productive conflicts. The research ended up with results that show the target women in a position that alternates performative and manipulative speech in an attempt to legitimate their criminal practice, giving new shape to their feminine identities. Throughout the analysis it became clear that it is not their intention to search, not even the incorporation of a male ethos that is at stake for these women, but the search for a way to be feminine in a social space developed by where they may gain recognition, assigning then a proper meaning.These young women reaffirm their identities based on a criminal scenario with a myriad of specific thoughts with the intention to legitimate their illegal practices, often violent, as ways of committing crimes in women's own world with specific features and skills listedby them as necessary to constitute criminal women. Some practices of intervention that take place within the correctional institutional, based on the exercise of disciplinary power were found inefficient to produce tangible appropriate results. They make use of controversial pedagogical machinery of institutional functioning through punitive disciplinary strategies that do not seem to experience significant changes that could lead these women to stop committing crimes. These results do allow a broaderunderstanding of the phenomenon of a feminine leadership criminality attentive to their meanings and pluralities.
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Pelgrim, Riekje. "Witchcraft and policing South Africa Police Service attitudes towards witchcraft and witchcraft-related crime in the Northern province /." Leiden : African Studies Centre, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/12920.

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Dean, Jennifer Lynne. "Resources Matter: The Role of Social Capital and Collective Efficacy in Mediating Gun Violence." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5006.

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Abstract This study explains how community activists make use of available social capital and collective efficacy while attempting to mediate gun violence. It specifically focuses on twelve in-depth interviews of activists' perspectives, processes and rationales to alleviate community gun violence, based on informal social control models. Findings suggest activists must establish trust and respect with youth they work with before mediation begins, which is established through similar life experiences or backgrounds. Once a strong bond is established with youth, activists identified five core processes to reduce violence: 1) improve the mindset, 2) provide life skills, 3) assist youth as their liaison between networks, 4) expose and provide tools to other opportunities such as college or jobs, and 5) activists challenge system policy that they feel contributes to Chicago's gun violence.
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Bideri, Diogène. "Les crimes sexuels face au droit international pénal : recherche sur l'établissement d'une infraction autonome en droit international pénal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA023/document.

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La violence sexuelle est aujourd’hui, comme par le passé, largement utilisée comme arme de guerre et moyen de nettoyage ethnique. L’analyse de la jurisprudence internationale pénale fait ressortir la difficulté d’appréhender le crime sexuel par rapport aux catégories juridiques existantes. Le contexte dans lequel le crime sexuel est commis n’absorbe pas tous les aspects de ce crime. La nature considérée des crimes sexuels n’est pas réductible à la qualification de génocide, de crimes contre l’humanité, ou de crimes de guerre. Le juge international a pu préciser la frontière entre les infractions sexuelles et les autres infractions, montrer leur champ, leur intensité pour les distinguer des autres crimes. Cette avancée jurisprudentielle annonce peu à peu un fondement et une légitimité qui définissent des éléments de l’autonomisation des crimes sexuels en droit international. La codification du droit international par un nouveau traité spécifique aux crimes sexuels, avec des dispositions définissant cette catégorie particulière d’infraction, son appréhension et ses obligations juridiques permettra une meilleure répression de ce crime<br>Sexual violence today is, as in the past, widely used as a weapon of war and a means of ethnic cleansing. The analysis of international criminal jurisprudence highlights the difficulty of apprehending this new offense in relation to the existing legal categories. The nature of sexual crimes is not reducible to genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. The international judge, through constant legal reasoning, was able to clarify the boundary between sexual offenses and other offenses, to show their scope and intensity to distinguish them from other crimes. This advance in jurisprudence gradually builds a foundation and legitimacy that define elements of the empowerment of sexual crimes under international law. The codification of international law through a new treaty specific to sexual crimes, with provisions defining this particular category of offense, its apprehension and its legal obligations will allow a better repression of this crime
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Gaznai, Safaa Aldden. "La répression discriminatoire des infractions liées à la sexualité en droit pénal irakien." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0535/document.

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La sexualité et les infractions sexuelles restent parmi les questions les plus sensibles dans les sociétés en général et dans la société musulmane en particulier, notamment parce qu'ils touchent à la l'intimité profonde de la personne. Chez les peuples du Moyen-Orient, dont l'Irak, la question de l'honneur sexuel (‘ird) est une question de vie ou de mort liée étroitement à la tradition dominante.Au sein de la société irakienne, l'inégalité entre hommes et femmes est une évidence reflétée par plusieurs aspects de la vie courante, notamment dans la gestion de la sexualité, la tolérance que la société y accorde, et la polygamie, qui, toutes, semblent avantager l'homme aux dépens de la femme. Le traitement discriminatoire des libertés sexuelles masculine et féminine est renforcé et affirmé dans le droit irakien lui-même. L'importance de la discrimination sexuelle a des répercussions néfastes sur le statut et l'émancipation des femmes irakiennes, ainsi que sur l'évolution globale de la société<br>This Ph.D. dissertation examines how Iraqi criminal law with regard to sex and sex-related crimes severely discriminates women in Iraq. It looks at this issue in light of ancestral traditions of prejudice and violence against women that are deeply rooted in Iraqi society. Honor is an extremely important notion in the mentalities of Iraqi people. Women are supposed to maintain chastity and sexual purity in order to be considered "honorable". Anything that compromises their chastity, including crimes of which they are victims such as rape, destroys their honor and along with it, that of their entire family. Many women in this situation find themselves killed, injured, or forced to marry their attacker in order to allow their families to recover their honor. This study shows how Iraqi legislation, case law and legal doctrine all contribute to encourage and perpetuate this problem, and suggests some possible solutions
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Araujo, Fabio Lopes. "De perto e de dentro: Globalização, violência e o poder das Facções Criminosas no Brasil." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17642.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política<br>Este trabalho consiste numa dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política no Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas (ISCSP) da Universidade de Lisboa. Tem como objetivo compreender os fatores que estão na origem das facções criminosas num mundo global, assim como a função dos presídios no Brasil e seu reflexo nas ruas. Para esta reflexão vamos abordar os temas teóricos da globalização, da violência e do poder. Para responder à questão de pesquisa, optamos pelo estudo de caso. Se, por um lado, recolhemos e analisamos dados estatísticos (importantes para a caracterização do fenômeno), por outro privilegiamos dados de natureza qualitativa – entrevistas semiestruturadas a profissionais de diferentes áreas (diferentes perspectivas) envolvidos no mundo do crime e das facções, cartas de detentos, imagens de pichações, reconstituição de episódios (informação de arquivo) com impacto junto da população.<br>This work refers to the dissertation of Master degree in Political Science at the Higher Institute of Social and Political Sciences (ISCSP) of the Lisbon University. Its purpose is to understand the factors that are the origin of criminal factions in a global world, as well as the role of prisons in Brazil and its reflection in the streets. For this reflection we will address the theoretical themes of globalization, violence and power. To answer the research question, we have chosen the case study. If, on the one hand, we collect and analyze statistical data (important for the characterization of the phenomenon), on the other hand we privilege data of a qualitative nature - semistructured interviews with professionals from different areas (different perspectives) involved in the world of crime and factions, letters of detainees, graffiti images, reconstruction of episodes (archive information) with impact on the population.<br>N/A
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Campos, Marcelo da Silveira. "Crime e Congresso Nacional no Brasil pós-1988 = uma análise da política criminal aprovada de 1989 a 2006." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279483.

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Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T01:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_MarcelodaSilveira_M.pdf: 1640796 bytes, checksum: def943ef6673f053b6e0656187694bdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: A partir de meados dos anos 90 do século XX até os dias atuais, parte da literatura internacional sobre criminalização, segurança pública e justiça criminal (sobretudo nos EUA e Inglaterra) sinalizou o abandono da política criminal tradicional - chamada de penal welfarism. Esta política, baseada na tradição liberal dos direitos humanos e pautada no ideal de ressocialização do criminoso, teria sido substituída por uma política penal mais dura, abrangente e agora mais voltada para a defesa social. Modificou-se o funcionamento estratégico da justiça penal contemporânea e sua importância. A partir desse enquadramento teórico geral, este trabalho analisa quais foram as políticas criminais adotadas pelo Parlamento brasileiro. Para isso analiso a produção das principais leis aprovadas em segurança pública e justiça criminal no Congresso Nacional brasileiro no período de 1989 a 2006. Divido a pesquisa em dois momentos: i) um mapeamento do material apontando quais são os partidos, estados e casas proponentes; mandatos presidenciais que sancionaram as leis; número de leis aprovadas por ano e o tempo de tramitação das leis de acordo com a casa propositora; ii) os tipos gerais (modelos) de punição propostos pelas normas. Proponho nas considerações finais que é possível pensar: coexistências na política criminal entre criminalização, recrudescimento penal e leis que despenalizaram ou buscaram efetivar direitos dos réus; ii) apesar da coexistência ou (e) sobreposição entre estes domínios na política criminal, o Parlamento e o Executivo 'escolhem' o uso simbólico do Penal como forma fundamental de resolução de conflitos, a partir de demandas estatais (ou da sociedade civil) por maior (ou mais pesada) criminalização de condutas<br>Abstract: From the mid-90s of the twentieth century until today, part of the international literature on criminality, public safety and criminal justice (primarily in the U.S. and England) signaled the abandonment of traditional criminal policy - called the penal welfarism. The policy, based on the liberal tradition of human rights and on the ideal of social resocialization of criminals, would have been replaced by a tougher criminal justice policy, more comprehensive and now more focused on social defense. The strategic functioning of criminal justice and its contemporary relevance has changed. From this general framework, this research examines the criminal policies which were adopted by the Brazilian Parliament. To that end, I analyze the production of the major laws approved on public safety and criminal justice in the Brazilian Parliament in the period from 1989 to 2006. The research is divided into two different moments: i) a mapping of the material indicating which are the proponent parties, states and houses; presidential mandates, the number of laws adopted per year and the time of the drafting of laws in according to the proponent house ii) the general types (models) of punishment proposed by the laws. I propose in my final considerations that: the coexistence in Brazilian criminal policy of criminalization and the stiffening of criminal laws/expansion of rights in Brazil. Despite this coexistence or (and) overlap between these areas, the Parliament and the Executive 'choose' the symbolic use of the penal laws as a fundamental form of conflict resolution from state (or civil society) demands for more extensive (or heavier) criminalization of conducts<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencia Politica<br>Mestre em Ciência Política
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29

Gomes, Mayara de Souza. "Isso é tortura? Disputas, consensos e narrativas na construção social do crime de tortura na cidade de São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.

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Orientadora: Profa Dra Camila Caldeira Nunes Dias<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017.<br>A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo observar como o sistema de justiça criminal investiga e processa o crime de tortura na cidade de São Paulo. Para tal, utilizamos como material de análise 36 processos e procedimentos criminais findos que apuraram o crime de tortura através da lei 9.455/97 e tiveram tramitação entre os anos de 2004 - 2014. Estes documentos foram analisados com o propósito de compreender quais elementos são relevantes ao longo das etapas de incriminação desses eventos. De que modo regras, práticas e lógicas próprias do sistema de justiça criminal influenciam nas tomadas de decisões pelos atores jurídicos. Igualmente, como tais apurações levam em consideração valores e estereótipos que embora dispersos na sociedade brasileira, acabam por ser incorporados e ressignificados quando da incriminação de práticas de tortura. Além disso, como os fatos incriminados também são interpretados a partir dos atores sociais envolvidos nessas dinâmicas violentas. Assim, através da análise e interpretação dos casos pode se observar algumas regularidades, discrepâncias e a variedade de fatos que foram incriminados como crimes de tortura. Depreende-se que a observação desses múltiplos elementos quando da incriminação de eventos desse tipo constituem um ponto privilegiado para compreender as disputas de sentido e significado quanto ao uso da tortura nas relações sociais e institucionais na sociedade brasileira.<br>The present research aims to observe how the criminal justice system investigates and processes torture crimes in the city of São Paulo. To achieve this purpose, we use as a material for analysis 36 proceedings and ended criminal proceedings that qualified the crime of torture through the law 9.455/97, between the years 2004 and 2014. These documents were analysed aiming understand which elements are relevant along the stages of the incrimination of these events. In which ways rules, practices and logics inherents to the criminal justice system have an effect on decision-making by legal actors. Likewise, how such calculations assumes values and stereotypes which, although dispersed in brazilian society, they end up being incorporated and redefined in the incrimination of torture. In addition, how the incriminated facts are also interpreted by the social actors involved in these violent dynamics. Therefore, through the analysis and interpretation of these cases it is possible observing some regularities, discrepancies, and variety of facts that have been prosecuted as torture crimes. It appears that the observation of these multiple elements when the incrimination of events of this type consists an advantaged point to understand the sense and meaning disputes existent in the use of torture on social and institutional relationships in the brazilian society.
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30

Cabot, Florence. "Le fraternel et l'acte criminel : de l'emprise familiale à la violence d'anéantissement. Une étude clinique individuelle et groupale en prison." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC027.

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Quel rapport entre le lien fraternel (le complexe fraternel tel que l'a défini R. Kaës) et le crime commis ? Pourrait-il y avoir ce lien et la nature des actes criminels ? Dans les contenus autant que dans les événements et dans les mouvements transférentiels de la thérapie de patients auteurs de faits criminels (faits que nous serons amenés à préciser ou définir dans la partie 1 de notre travail), nous pouvons relever l'empreinte d'une rivalité fraternelle dominée par la cruauté. Le relevé de ces traces et de l'évolution de ces patients nous permet de poser l'hypothèse que certains actes criminels seraient commis à des moments où l'ombre de cette rivalité empreinte de cruauté menacerait à nouveau le sujet<br>What is the relationship between the fraternal bond (the fraternal complex as defined by R. Kaës) and the crime committed? Could there be this connection and the nature of the criminal acts? In the content as well as in the events and in the transferential movements of the therapy of patients who are perpetrators of criminal acts (facts which we will have to specify or define in part 1 of our work), we can note the imprint of a fraternal rivalry dominated by cruelty. The recording of these traces and the evolution of these patients allows us to hypothesize that certain criminal acts would be committed at times when the shadow of this rivalry of cruelty would threaten the subject again
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31

Ertan, Bese. "Sociological Analysis Of Organised Criminality In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605960/index.pdf.

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This thesis argues that organized crime is a sociological phenomenon with criminological dimensions that constitutes a threat to public security and order, economic development, social integrity, democracy and peace in Turkey, and consequently to the national security of the country. Sociological and political causes of organized criminality will be assessed through a multidimensional approach based on the identification of different conceptual areas and related indicators that characterize organized crime groups.
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32

Bertrand, Virginie. "Crimes de guerre au XXe siècle et juridictions pénales internationales." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30066.

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Les crimes de guerre constituent des violations graves du droit international pénal. Cependant, chaque nouveau conflit, qu'il ait un caractère international ou non, donne lieu à la perpétration de tels crimes. Pourquoi ? Y aurait-il des éléments prédisposant aux comportements de violence ? Le XXe siècle est le siècle de la justice internationale pénale caractérisée par la mise en place de tribunaux militaires internationaux après la découverte des atrocités de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, puis de tribunaux internationaux « ad hoc » pour se terminer par l'instauration d’une Cour internationale permanente en matière pénale. Les tribunaux ad hoc instaurés pour l’ex-Yougoslavie et pour le Rwanda ont permis que soient appliquées aux conflits armés non internationaux, les conventions internationales définissant les règles régissant les conflits armés internationaux. Quel a été l’impact de la jurisprudence de ces tribunaux sur la notion de crime de guerre ? Enfin, même si la mise en place de la Cour pénale internationale constitue un espoir dans la lutte contre l’impunité, son Statut souligne le difficile équilibre qu’elle opère entre la souveraineté des États et la volonté d’une justice universelle. Aux côtés de la justice institutionnelle est apparue la « justice transitionnelle », dont l’un des objectifs est de permettre la transition entre le temps de guerre et le temps de paix, dans les meilleures conditions possible, et ce, malgré les dilemmes auxquels elle doit faire face. Après tout, un retour rapide à une paix durable n’est-il pas préférable ? La justice transitionnelle nous emmène à nous poser la question suivante : faut-il juger ou pardonner les crimes de guerre ?<br>War crimes are serious violations of international criminal law. However, each new conflict, international or non-international, gives rise to the commission of war crimes. Why ? Does-it have factors that predispose to violent behaviours ? The 20th century is the century of international criminal law which is first characterized by the establishment of international military tribunals after the discovery of the atrocities of World War II, then international tribunals « ad hoc », eventually it ends by the introduction of an international criminal court. International Criminal Tribunals established for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda have permitted the application of International Conventions, defining armed conflict’s rules, to non-international armed conflicts. What was the impact of these tribunals’ case laws on war crime concept ? Eventually, even if the establishment of International Criminal Court gave hope to combat impunity, its status highlights the delicate balance between states’ sovereignty and the willingness of universal justice. Transitional justice was introduced to complete or to replace institutional justice in some cases. One of transitional justice’s objectives is to make a transition a transition between wartime and peacetime as smooth as possible even if many challenges remain. In fact, the fast restoration of lasting peace would it not be better ? The transitional justice leads us to wonder if we have to judge or forgive war crimes ?
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33

Tester, Marlys Kay. "Analysis of Selected Correlates of Spouse Abuse and the Policy Implications for the Criminal Justice System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2135.

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Research on spouse abuse has received greater attention during the last 3 decades around the world. This research was conducted to investigate the selected correlates of alcohol use, drug use, and marital status and the effects they have on use of weapons and violent behavior. The secondary data used was from a study done in Chicago from 1995-1998, called the Chicago Community Crime Prevention and Intimate Violence Study. There were 210 domestic violence victims studied in one Chicago area. Each victim was asked a series of the same questions. It was found that 39.4% of the domestic violence cases involved an alcohol problem, and 45.1% of them involved drugs. It was found that divorced subjects had the highest percentage of the use of a weapon (67%). In the overall cross tabulations, alcohol, drug use, and marital status were not significantly related to the use of a weapon and violent behavior. It was also found that alcohol consumption and violent behavior was significant at the .10 level of significance.
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34

Ioannou, Maria. "Hero or villain? : criminals' experience of crime." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/13629/.

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A neglected area of research within criminality has been that of the actual experience of the offence for the offender. The social science literature contains only scattered evidence of what it means, feels, sounds or looks like to commit a particular crime. Katz (1988) in his work Seductions of Crime proposed that empirical research has to focus on the foreground, rather than the background of crime and that the emotional significance of crimes needs to be considered more fully in order to understand the psychological processes that sustain and encourage cnme. This research examines and proposes a model of Criminal Narrative Experience (CNE) by exploring the emotions that criminals experience and the narrative roles that they act out across a broad range of crimes. Hypotheses and a series of questions were derived from the Circumplex of Emotions (Russell, 1997), Frye (1957), Narrative Theory (McAdams, 1988) and its link with Investigative Psychology (Canter, 1994). The analysis was based on 120 cases. Convicted for a variety of crimes, incarcerated criminals were interviewed and the data were subjected to Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). Results showed that the emotions reflected the circumplex structure of emotions postulated by Russell (1997) for non-criminal experiences. Thus, it was possible to identify four themes in relation to emotions: Elation. Calm. Distress. and Depression. However, they showed a stronger distinction between pleasure and displeasure than for the normal range of noncriminal experiences. with Russell's 'arousal' dimension being less clearly differentiated. In addition, criminals' emotions were found to be more intense than these of a "normal" population. Concerning criminal narrative roles four distinct themes were identified. These themes are: Adventurer. Professional. Revenger and Victim that reflect Frye's (1957) four story forms (Mythoi): Comedy, Irony, Romance and Tragedy. Further analysis showed that the emotional experiences are thematically significantly associated to the narrative roles, a finding that was supported both by statistical tests and Smallest Space Analysis. When both emotions and narrative roles were subjected to SSA four themes of Criminal Narrative Experience (CNE) were identified: Elated Adventurer, Calm Professional, Distressed Revenger and Depressed Victim from which scales with very high alpha reliability scores could be derived. Offenders' criminal history using the 042 Self-Report Offending Questionnaire (Youngs, 2001) was examined in relation to their Criminal Narrative Experience. Smallest Space Analysis showed that the d42 offending behaviours could be differentiated according to four themes: Violence, Dishonesty, Antisocial and Planning. Statistical tests revealed that the Elated Adventurer theme is significantly correlated with the offending behaviours of Planning, Dishonest and Antisocial while the Calm Professional with Planning. By examining differences between the index cnme and Criminal Narrative Experience analysis showed that different subsets of crimes were more likely to be associated with different emotions and narrative roles. The themes that reflect Criminal Narrative Experience were found to differentiate between different types of crimes. In broad terms, Elated Adventurer and Calm Professional were found to be associated with property offences (theft, burglary and robbery) and be experienced more pleasant than Distressed Revenger and Depressed Victim that were found to be associated with crimes against the person (sex offences, violence and murder) and experienced unpleasant. The implications of these findings for understanding crime on the basis of the Criminal Narrative Experience (CNE) are discussed. Important future directions for the study of crime are outlined.
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35

Mahy, Fanny. "Le fait divers criminel dans la littérature contemporaine française (1990-2012). : enquête au cœur du Rouge, Mémorial au vif du Noir." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30040.

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Notre représentation collective du fait divers a considérablement évolué au tournant des années 80 ; ainsi que le signale Marine M’sili, « si unanimement décrié, fustigé, condamné, [il] voit son statut se modifier jusqu’à prendre une valeur positive », y compris chez l’élite intellectuelle. Dans ce même tournant des années 80, la littérature évolue, selon Dominique Viart, vers la « transitivité », c’est-à-dire qu’elle ne se suffit plus à elle-même et nécessite un complément d’objet direct, le monde. Ce double « tournant » favorise la fréquence et le renouvellement des modalités de rencontres entre littérature et fait divers.Cette thèse se situe dans le prolongement de ces travaux mais vise plus spécifiquement à manifester l’importance des métamorphoses du fait divers criminel tel que recyclé dans la littérature contemporaine. Le corpus sélectionné comprend vingt-cinq œuvres à valeur d’échantillonnage, publié dans la période 1990-2012. Par une analyse des influences et des modalités de l’enquête et une exploration relevant à la fois de la criminologie littéraire et du mémorial aux victimes, la thèse démontre la richesse et la diversité des écritures du fait divers aujourd’hui.En effet, le renouveau du traitement de cette matière, ouvert aux avancées des sciences humaines, a majoritairement rompu avec les esthétiques réalistes du XIXe siècle aussi bien qu’avec les usages plus ludiques et expérimentaux du XXe siècle. De même, bon nombre d’écrivains se refusent à perpétuer la tradition paralittéraire et médiatique du monstrueux archaïque au profit de mises en questions socio-historiques et d’interrogations plus posées quant à la monstruosité, logée au vif de notre humanité<br>Our collective representation of the « fait divers » underwent considerable revision in the early 1980s, as Marine M’Sili points out : « from being universally decried, denounced and censured, [it] sees its status change to the point of taking on a positive value », even among the intellectual elite. At the same time, according to Dominique Viart, literature takes on a new « transitivity »; it is no longer self-sufficient but requires a direct object, the world. These two developments provide a meeting ground where new and more frequent interactions between literature and the « fait divers » can take place. This thesis builds on these insights but aims more specifically to demonstrate the significance of the changes that the criminal « fait divers » undergoes as it is recycled in contemporary French literature. The sample corpus includes twenty-five representative works, all published in the period from 1990 to 2012. Through an analysis of investigation procedures and their influence, and an exploration that is part literary criminology and part commemoration of the victims, the thesis demonstrates the richness and diversity of the literary « fait divers » today. Indeed, the revival of interest in the topic, in tune with advances in the humanities, has for the most part broken both with the realist aesthetics of the nineteenth century and with the twentieth century’s more playful and experimental approaches. Many writers have also abandoned the traditional paraliterary and media representations of an archaic monstrosity in favour of a broader socio-historical reflection and more pointed questioning of the monstrousness that lies at the very heart of our humanity
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36

Leontiadis, Nektarios. "Structuring Disincentives for Online Criminals." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/454.

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This thesis considers the structural characteristics of online criminal networks from a technical and an economic perspective. Through large-scale measurements, we empirically describe some salient elements of the online criminal infrastructures, and we derive economic models characterizing the associated monetization paths enabling criminal profitability. This analysis reveals the existence of structural choke points: components of online criminal operations being limited in number, and critical for the operations’ profitability. Consequently, interventions targeting such components can reduce the opportunities and incentives to engage in online crime through an increase in criminal operational costs, and in the risk of apprehension. We define a methodology describing the process of distilling the knowledge gained from the empirical measurements on the criminal infrastructures towards identifying and evaluating appropriate countermeasures. We argue that countermeasures, as defined in the context of situational crime prevention, can be effective for a long-term reduction in the occurrence of online crime.
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37

Hodalski-Champagne, Lynne M. "Tampa Electric Company's Big Bend Utility Plant in Hillsborough County, Florida: A Case Study." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5703.

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This is an in-depth analysis of coal fire burning power plants, their effects on human health and the environment. It also employed case study data from Tampa Electric Company’s Big Bend facility to examine environmental infractions at that facility. Tampa Electric Company’s Big Bend Utility Plant, violated the Clean Air Act, which led to a lawsuit filed by the Department of Justice on behalf of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in 1997. This case study details the lawsuit, and subsequent settlement as well as Tampa Electric Company’s record of compliance since 2000. This study examines the area surrounding the plant, and impacts the facility may cause local residents and the ecosystem in this part of Florida. Several questions are explored in this case study revolving around environmental justice and environmental racism. Did the actions taken by the Department of Justice in 2000 on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency and the people of the State of Florida through its Department of Environmental Protection fit the corporate crimes that Tampa Electric were accused of in the lawsuit? Has this company been compliant with state and federal law as required by the settlement? Finally, has the Tampa Electric Company maintained their commitment to provide environmental justice for the communities surrounding the Big Bend Utility Plant or would their actions fit a definition for the crime of corporate environmental violence?
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38

Ojo, Victoria Olayide. "The Boko Haram violence from the perspective of International criminal law." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5175.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>This paper will explore the history of the outbreak of religious related violence in Nigeria and the response of Nigeria and the African Union to the acts of the Boko Haram group both legally and procedurally. The intervention of the ICC as a viable option to combat the scourge of the group will also be examined. Other options such as trial in the Court of third States under the principle of universal jurisdiction and a special court jointly facilitated by the States involved will also be assessed.
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39

Fagundes, Andréa Lucas. "A municipalização da segurança pública : estudo de caso em São Leopoldo, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12090.

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Na última década, muitos municípios por todo o país vêm aderindo à tendência de elaboração e implementação de políticas voltadas à garantia da segurança pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar este processo de municipalização da segurança pública, por meio de estudo de caso sobre a implementação da Secretaria Municipal de Segurança Pública de São Leopoldo, RS e sua atuação voltada à prevenção da violência e criminalidade. Procurou-se apresentar os antecedentes teóricos da idéia de gestão local da segurança, identificados nas primeiras formulações da Escola de Chicago, chegando às abordagens atuais de controle informal, como o movimento da Nova Prevenção, desenvolvido na Itália, como proposta complementar aos mecanismos de controle formal.As relações entre municípios, estados e União na construção de uma política pública de segurança também são abordadas. O acompanhamento da implementação da secretaria e as ações executadas em seus dois primeiros anos são descritas e analisadas. A conclusão do estudo aponta os elementos identificados como facilitadores, assim como as dificuldades enfrentadas para a implementação das políticas públicas de segurança em âmbito municipal, e indica alguns caminhos possíveis para o aprofundamento da experiência de gestão municipal da segurança no caso estudado.<br>In the last decade, many counties all over the country are sticking to the trend of elaboration and implementation of policies addressed to public safety assurance. The objective of this work is to investigate the process of public safety municipalization, through a case study on the implementation of Sao Leopoldo Public Safety Municipal Office, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and its performance related to violence and crime prevention. The study attempts to present the theoretical antecedents of the idea of safety local management, identified in the first formulations of the Chicago School, coming up to the current informal control approaches, as the New Prevention movement, developed in Italy, as a complementary proposal to the mechanisms of formal control. Relations among counties, states and the Union in the construction of a safety public policy are approached also. The Municipal Office implementation follow up and the performed actions along the first two years are described and analyzed. The conclusion of the study indicates the elements identified as facilitators, as well as the difficulties faced to implement safety public policies on a municipal extent, and shows some possible paths for the experience deepening on safety municipal management related to the studied case.
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40

Liu, Kit-ming. "Hong Kong crime statistics and crime indexes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976025.

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41

Libby, Nicholas. "PREDICTORS OF FIREARM USE AND EFFECTS OF WEAPONRY ON VICTIM INJURY IN VIOLENT CRIME: A CRIMINAL EVENTS APPROACH." Doctoral diss., Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002722.

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42

Oliphant, John E. "Organized Crime Violence in Mexico." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/568.

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The following thesis outlines the current social and political situation surrounding organized crime violence in Mexico. Using Samuel P. Huntington’s Political Order in Changing Societies and regression analysis, the purpose is to highlight the lack of subnational data within Mexico. Political science and economic theories guide the reader to better understanding what types of policy change or reform may need to occur in Mexico’s future years.
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43

O'Connell, Tracy. "Violence: an exploratory study of the lived experiences of violent re-offending youth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5236.

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Although much research has been conducted on violence, its effects, and which circumstances put an individual at risk of becoming a potential victim, there is a paucity of studies that focus on the perpetrators of violence. Much of the literature available on this subject is dated, providing information which is already dated and, frequently no longer relevant. This research has sought to explore and understand violent crimes from the psychological and emotional standpoint of the individual who perpetrated them. One objective of the study was to facilitate the development of a profile of youths who chronically commit crime, and more specifically crimes of violence. This study utilised the qualitative research design of Phenomenology, which allows for the exploration of the phenomena from the perspective of the participants. The sample for this study consisted of five male individuals who are currently incarcerated in a correctional institution situated in the Eastern Cape. The sample was chosen according to the non-probability purposive-sampling technique, based on their relevance to the study. The selected male offenders from the correctional institution ages ranged between 18 and 31. Specific criteria were identified against which participants were measured in order to be selected to participate in the research. Data was obtained from the participants via a questionnaire, a journal, and semi-structured interviews conducted by the researcher. Other data for the study was obtained from official documents. The study was embedded in the ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner, which provided the psychological framework in which to explain and understand the results of the study and the development of violence. The major findings of this study include; growing up violently, the reasons for violence, justificationa and perseptions of violence, society and the culture of 10 violence, and the environmental impact. These findings will contribute to the development of treatment programmes, which better facilitate the reformation and rehabilitation of criminals.
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Chaulet, Rudy. "Crimes, rixes et bruits d'épées : homicides pardonnés en Castille au Siècle d'or /." [Montpellier] : Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41238365x.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Études romanes--Montpellier 3, 2003. Titre de soutenance : Violence et société en Vieille-Castille à l'époque des Habsbourg : étude des demandes de pardon pour homicides, 1564-1700.<br>Bibliogr. p. 383-410. Notes bibliogr.
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45

Miller, Vivien Mary Louise. "Violent crime, sexual deviancy and executive clemency in Florida, 1889-1918." Thesis, n.p, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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46

Johnson, Andrew. "Crime, governance and numbers : a genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030728.132436/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2000.<br>A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD, Department of Critical Social Sciences, University of Western Sydney, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 196-214.
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47

Miranda, Márcia Mathias. "A reabilitação do criminoso no discurso norte-americano: uma proposta alternativa ao cárcere duro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5409.

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Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T10:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-26<br>A proposta de reabilitação do criminoso, bem como a busca por alternativas efetivas que possam encontrar investimentos políticos e subsequente redução da incidência de crimes, é algo que ganha um grande espaço nas produções acadêmicas norte-americanas. O vigor da reabilitação, bem como a pertinência das propostas reabilitativas no campo das políticas criminais tem sido objeto de defesa por muitos teóricos norte-americanos. Há, no entanto, uma grande lacuna entre o que é produzido academicamente em defesa da reabilitação, e o que opera, no campo político com propostas de reabilitar. O que se encontra hoje, nas políticas criminais norte-americanas é um grande investimento nas ações punitivas, com uma grande aposta no encarceramento e na filosofia da Deterrence apresentando-se a partir de uma retórica de reabilitar, mas atingindo, em contraste a isto, a incapacitação dos indivíduos submetidos ao sistema prisional e influenciando, de forma incisiva, o quadro mundial de políticas criminais. Hoje, as perspectivas criminais (Racional Choice, Routine Activity, etc.), especialmente nos Estados Unidos, Europa e América Latina, influenciam as políticas criminais, e legitimam suas práticas. Tais perspectivas compõem o mainstream da Criminologia e concebemos a natureza de seus investimentos como tirando a possibilidade da reabilitação, sustentando a idéia de que além de custosa, a reabilitação não pode se manter dada a periculosidade que o criminoso oferece à sociedade; priorizando a incapacitação de criminosos, generalizando a categoria do perigoso e alcançando o status de verdade e de senso comum. O criminoso violento dentro deste contexto, tomado como uma categoria generalizada, é compreendido como representado por quase a totalidade dos criminosos, uma vez que o criminoso violento vitima e promove sofrimento à vítima e, não há crime sem vítima, nem tampouco vítima sem sofrimento. A resposta ao criminoso violento e suas ações, portanto, é dada pela punição rápida e severa, para que desta forma esteja garantida, a segurança pública. Nos valemos da produção teórica encontrada na literatura norte-americana sobre o tema da reabilitação para defendermos nossa tese de que esta é uma proposta vigorosa e efetiva no campo da política criminal, e que os investimentos em ações pautados em construções teóricas sobre o tema é altamente pertinente, principalmente se destinado ao que é tomado pelo senso comum, mídia e atores políticos como “criminoso violento”. Consideramos o quadro criminal norte-americano atual de ações e abordagens do crime como relevante para se pensar o quadro de políticas criminais mundial, por ele influenciados.<br>The criminal`s rehabilitation proposal as well as the search for effective alternatives that can get political investments and, subsequently, a decrease in crimes rates have been getting space among academics researches. The rehabilitation`s toughness and the importance of these proposals on the criminal politics have been defended by many north-american researches. There is, however, a huge gap between what is produced about rehabilitation, on the academic field, and what goes on the ground of the political reality with its proposal to rehabilitate the criminal. What is found nowadays in the north-american criminal politics is a massive investment on punitive action, with a focus on incarceration and on the Deterrence`s phisolophy, hiding itself under a rehabilitative rethoric, but reaching, by the contrast, the individual`s impairment that are submitted to the prison system and influencing, strongly, the international criminal politics. Nowadays, the criminal perspective (Racional Choice, Routine Activity etc), especially, in the United Stares, Europe and Latin America, influence the criminal politics e legitimize their practices. Such theories comprise the mainstream of Criminology and we conceive the nature of their investments as strategies that take the possibility of rehabilitation. According to those perspectives, apart from being expensive, the rehabilitation can not be kept given the peril that the criminal represents for society. Besides, this mainstream vision prioritises the criminals` impairment, generalizing the category of a dangerous individual and reaching, at the same time, the status of truth and common sense. The violent criminal, in this context, as a general category, is taken for grant as an example of every criminal given the fact that this kind of behaviour victimizes and makes the victim suffer – and there is no crime without victim neither victim without suffering. The answer to the violent criminal and his actions, thus, is given by a quick punishment in order to guarantee the public security. We take into account the theoretical production in north-american literature about the rehabilitation issue in order to defend our idea that this is a vigorous and effective proposal on the field of criminal politics. Moreover, we defend that the investment on theoretical constructions about this issue is highly significant, especially if it is focused on what is taken for the common sense, mass media and political actor as a violent criminal. We consider the criminal American framework of actions and approaches towards crime as relevant to think through the international criminal politics influenced by it.
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48

Gresley, Jamee Lee. "Differing Perceptions of Criminal Behavior: Sexual Assault Versus Violent Non-Sexual Crimes." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1397042757.

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49

Liu, Kit-ming, and 廖潔明. "Hong Kong crime statistics and crime indexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976025.

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uk, sallyfstevenson@yahoo co, and Sally Kelty. "“You have to hit some people, it’s all they understand!”: Are Violent Sentiments More Criminogenic than Attributing Hostile Intent in the escalation of grievances?" Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061019.152626.

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Is it what adult violent offenders think or how they think that discriminates them most from non-offenders? This study investigates whether violent and criminal sentiments, attributional biases and violence based grievance resolution strategies represent dynamic criminogenic risk factors. The results indicate that it is what offenders think that discriminates them more than how they think. The participants were 546 adults comprising 105 violent offenders, 238 university students and 203 men and women from a stratified random community sample. Using interview data from high-risk violent offenders, two scales were specifically developed to measure the variables of interest. The differences between offenders and non-offenders in violent attitudes was measured by expanding the scope of the Criminal Sentiments Scale. The differences in attributional biases and problem solving was assessed by a second scale developed for this study. The results showed that offenders were clearly different from non-offenders with the offenders endorsing significantly higher criminal and violent sentiments with an effect size of h2 =.46. The offenders also reported a significantly higher level of violence-based resolution strategies to end grievances than non-offenders. However, the surprising finding was that the adult male high-risk offenders did not demonstrate more pronounced hostile attributional biases than either adult men and women students or men and women from the community. The results imply that believing violence is acceptable and being prepared to use violence is more criminogenic than how you interpret the social behaviour of others. These findings have important implications for our understanding of why grievances escalate and the development of more effective intervention programs.
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