Academic literature on the topic 'Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control"
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Patel, Pravin J. "Declining Social Control and the Rising Deviant Behaviour in India." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022919899000.
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Crime rates are increasing across the Indian society. Normally, such crimes are attributed to two broad categories of factors: (a) psychological factors like individual or mob fury and (b) administrative factors like the failure of law and order machinery. These explanations, however, do not account for the increasing rates of such demeaning instances. This article, attempting to explain the increasing crime rates, focuses on the social control theory. The main argument of the article is that the rapidly declining informal social control causes the phenomenal rise of decadent behaviour in the contemporary Indian society. Due to modernising forces, traditional social institutions and structures such as family, kinship, caste system and village community have become weak. As a result, the traditional informal social control based on shame has gradually diminished. And the sense of guilt, the functional alternative to shame, as an informal mechanism of social control, has not yet been fully institutionalised. This seems to be the major factor giving rise to widespread deviant behaviour in India. Although formal mechanisms of social control like police and judiciary do exist, they cannot be very effective without being reinforced with the informal social control.
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Mowen, Thomas J., and John H. Boman. "The Relationship Between Supportive Friendships, Conflictual Friendships, and Deviance During Emerging Adulthood." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 10 (November 3, 2017): 1351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717738232.
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As deviant behavior is increasing during emerging adulthood and friends are a driving force behind deviance, the goal of this study is to explore the relationships between friend support, conflict, and crime. Using a large sample of friendship pairs and developmental interpretations of social control and differential association theories, a series of mixed models are estimated, which investigate the roles of support, conflict, and peer deviance on an individual’s self-reported property crime. Results demonstrate that high levels of support and conflict relate to less offending in both independent and interdependent ways. However, neither social control nor differential association can provide a clear explanation to these findings, even though support and conflict clearly seem important for offending during emerging adulthood.
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Morris, Robert G., Jurg Gerber, and Scott Menard. "Social Bonds, Self-Control, and Adult Criminality." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 6 (March 23, 2011): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811402453.
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Recent modifications to self-control theory suggest that influential factors (bonds) equate to self-control in the calculation of whether or not to engage in deviant behavior. Hirschi argued that self-control should fare better as a theory when it is operationalized as the number and salience of an individual’s social bonds, rather than as a cognitive scale, or count of previous acts, as suggested by the original theory. This study extends the control theory literature by assessing the impact of redefined self-control, as well as attitudinal self-control, on adult criminal behavior. Data analyzed were from Waves 10 and 11 of the National Youth Survey Family Study. Findings suggest that both forms of self-control (new and old) are equivalently predictive of adult crime, yet it is unlikely that they are capturing the same phenomenon during adulthood. Implications for control theory are discussed.
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Al ibrahimy, Abdulrahman Khaled. "Informal Methods of Social Control in Society, Their Types and Their Effectiveness in Reducing Crime." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 25 (May 5, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.253.
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The means and methods of social control are the tools used and used in maintaining the stability, stability, permanence, progression, progress, and development of the social system and society more fully, and the social system is exposed to many dangers and challenges that it faces, which result from defects and bad relationships. And human dealings, disruption of social behavior, and the transformation of structural institutions is a heterogeneous transformation that negatively affects the march of society, and the dangers and challenges that threaten the security and safety of society transcend themselves in unbridled and unbridled practices and actions, deviant actions, trends, and twisted currents. And the wire is straightforward that deviates from the correct behavioral and interactive context, which is recognized and recognized by society, accepted and tolerated by customs and traditions, and in our research, we will present informal methods of social control in society and we will learn about their effectiveness in reducing crime.
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De Li, Spencer. "Race, Self-Control, and Drug Problems among Jail Inmates." Journal of Drug Issues 35, no. 4 (October 2005): 645–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500401.
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The main objectives of this study are to test racial differences in self-control and race-specific effects of self-control on drug-related problems. On the basis of prior research, it is hypothesized that both self-control and its effect on drug-related behavioral problems vary by race. Data collected from White, Black, and Hispanic inmates incarcerated in five local jails in the greater Philadelphia area were used to test these hypotheses. The results indicate significant racial differences in levels of self-control. However, the impact of self-control on drug problems did not differ significantly among the three racial groups. Overall, the findings support the argument of the general theory of crime that self-control maintains a constant and positive effect on deviant and criminal behavior across racial groups.
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Obinyan, Evaristus, Charles O. Ochie, and Patrick Ik Ibe. "Delinquency as the Failure of Adults and the Village to Exercise Their Moral Strength." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss10.2708.
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This paper examines multiple relationships among several concepts to determine common causes to delinquency and to suggest intelligence-based alternative to resolve this public health hazard. Juvenile crime has become a public health hazard because the regularity, brutality and impunity by which juveniles commit their crimes these days is indescribable and their state of mind is “unplaced”. Delinquency may be defined as the behavior consequent to the failure of adults and the village to exercise their moral superiority and integrity to produce behavior that conforms to standards set as norms with some degree of consistency in a society to which legal sanctions are leveled (Obinyan, E. 2011). Adult's moral superiority may be defined as the ability to recognize the differences between acceptable and unacceptable behavior….Adult's moral integrity may be defined as the ability of individual adults to refrain from unacceptable behavior and to communicate to youths through example, conventional acceptable behavior (Obinyan, 2011).Village moral superiority entails the ability of each group, community or the society at large to establish norms that are consistent with cultural values. Village moral integrity entails the ability of the village as a whole to uphold, reinforce, and consistently demonstrate and communicate the sanctity of these cultural norms. Moral strength, therefore is the combined effect of the village and adult’s moral superiority and integrity (Obinyan). Children and youth social contexts are important contributors of problem behavior (Dishion, Forgatch, VanRyzin, & Winter, 2012; Dodge, 1983). In deviant peer groups, it is common for youth to engage in deviancy training wherein deviant behaviors are reinforced such that discussion of rule-breaking behavior is linked with a positive consequence (e.g., affirmation; Dishion, Spracklen, Andrews, & Patterson, 1996). Youth association with deviant peers is associated with many problematic outcomes (e.g., drug use, violence; Dishion, Eddy, Haas, Li, & Spracklen, 1997; Dision, Capaldi, Spracklen, & Li, 1995; Dishion & Patterson, 2006).Delinquency results when there is a relative absence of adult and village action, such as lack of moral integrity and respect for societal norms, a breakdown of unofficial social control and adult and the village inability to agree on the definition of what behavior may be regarded as delinquent. This is why delinquency may be seen as a function of the type of relationships between adults and the village, and their perception of and attitude toward delinquency. For a particular person however, the definition of delinquency may depend greatly upon their cultural background and the inability of the adult and the village to properly use their moral superiority and integrity to impact on all members of their communities. In most cases, the relative weakness of adult and village moral strength should account for the delinquent behavior. When delinquent recidivism becomes a problem and a continuation of delinquent behavior is consistent and intensifies, we would expect that the steam or vitality of adult and village moral strength (moral superiority and integrity) has been let out.
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Zureik, Elia. "Crime, Justice, And Underdevelopment: The Palestinians Under Israeli Control." International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, no. 4 (November 1988): 411–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800053836.
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Orthodox theories of crime in the Third World and in regions of uneven economic development offer a unilinear explanation of the relationship between economic development and increased crime rates. Simply stated, this Durkheimian position views the transition from traditional to modern society as being associated with the weakening of mechanical forms of solidarity and the emergence of secular and impersonal role structures based on a complex division of labor. Universalistic and achievement criteria replace ascriptive and particularistic values, and deviance-derived social control models based on formalized coercive sanctions substitute for traditional and community-based forms of control. Anomic behavior, frustration of expectations, and norm violation are considered an expected, if transitory, outcome of social change, and are explained on the basis of a clash between modern and traditional value systems.
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Kabiri, Saeed, Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat, and Christopher M. Donner. "Examining the Effect of Ineffective Parenting and Low Self-Control on Athletes’ PED Use." International Criminal Justice Review 30, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567719832354.
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The prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use at different levels of professional sport has become an important social issue, particularly when considering recent high-profile incidents from professional sports and the Olympics. Due to the myriad of individual, team, and sociopolitical consequences that can stem from PED use, it becomes critical to study the etiology of PED involvement among athletes regarding this deviant behavior. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime is one such theory that may aid in explaining this phenomenon. As such, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between effective parenting, self-control, and athletes’ use of banned PEDs. Survey data from 784 professional athletes in Iran were collected, and the findings indicated that ineffective parenting, low self-control capacity, and self-control desire had significant effects on PED use. In addition, moderation effects and gender analyses were examined. Specific findings, policy implications, and study limitations are discussed.
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Piatkowski, Daniel P., Wesley Marshall, and Aaron S. Johnson. "Bicycle Backlash: Qualitative Examination of Aggressive Driver–Bicyclist Interactions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2662, no. 1 (January 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2662-03.
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This research investigated aggressive driver–bicyclist interactions. Individuals who identified themselves as both a driver and a bicyclist were asked about their behavior when they encountered a bicyclist on the road while they were driving a car. Open-ended survey responses were analyzed from individuals who reported a propensity for driving too closely to a bicyclist who they felt was not staying to the side of the road. The data were drawn from a snowball-sampled, online survey specifically targeted to elicit responses about rare (i.e., deviant or illegal) behaviors. Little research exists on why individuals would choose to intimidate a bicyclist while they were driving. Applicable theories from sociology and behavioral economics (i.e., theories of crime as social control and as altruistic punishment) were drawn on in this study to help understand why individuals might do so. This paper argues that aggressive driving behavior directed at bicyclists in the sample population could be characterized with two general themes: “teaching them a lesson” and “they had it coming.” In both cases, individuals deflected the blame for their aggressive behavior away from themselves. Instead, they cast themselves as serving a social good by teaching bicyclists how they should behave or by punishing bicyclists for behaving in ways with which the drivers disagreed. The study reported here was an initial step in an effort to identify testable hypotheses through qualitative methods to explain such behaviors and eventually to mitigate them. The intent is to inform actionable directions to address dangerous on-street interactions that act as barriers to a safe transportation system that accommodates all users.
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Markina, Anna, and Jüri Saar. "Dear reader,." Juridica International 25 (November 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2017.25.00.
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The 29th Baltic Criminological Seminar, organised by the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu, took place in Tallinn on 16–18 June 2016. This year, the seminar celebrates its 30th year, continuing a tradition begun in 1987 by what was then the Laboratory of the Sociology of Deviant Behaviour at the University of Tartu. The series of annual criminological seminars was initiated by our close colleague Dr Eduard Raska (1944–2008), who was director of the laboratory at that time. Originally, the event brought together social scientists from the Baltic States, Saint Petersburg, and Moscow in efforts to create an alternative, even competing, paradigm to that of Soviet orthodox criminology. Later, the seminar expanded in scope, and it now draws international participants from not only the Baltic region but all over the world. The Baltic Criminological Seminar has become a scientific enterprise that is highly valued by specialists in the field of crime research and control as an arena for presentation of novel ideas and approaches. The title of this year’s seminar and collection of papers, ‘Crime, Culture, and Social Control’, was not chosen arbitrarily. Amidst globalisation and cross-cultural exposure, new forms of crime are emerging that require new means of control. Furthermore, criminology should be able to identify and monitor the social changes, in order to find alternatives to today’s dominant, West-centred approaches. Thirdly, in addition to following this ‘cultural turn’, responsible criminology must deal with new social dangers and harms that are emerging from combinations of criminality, psychopathology, and economic and military factors. Thereby, the ways of the past – positivistic precise categorisation of forms of deviance and their study – can be replaced with a holistic approach that brings synthesis. The articles in this volume of Juridica International address developments and tendencies in crime and crime control in various countries. Some articles offer theoretical investigation of the above-mentioned problems; others present results of empirical research. Most of the journal articles elaborate upon material presented at the seminar, in addition to which there are some authors who could not attend the seminar but were able to contribute to this issue. We would like to thank all the authors and those reviewing and language-editing the articles for their work, which has resulted in a publication of high scientific quality. Finally, we are very thankful to the university’s Faculty of Social Science and School of Law for their financial support for organising the seminar and publishing this volume. The seminar and this issue of Juridica International are further proof, should any be needed, that the University of Tartu is an excellent place for holding international scientific events and meetings for the exchange of ideas and experience in the field of crime control. The tradition of the Baltic Criminological Seminar has stood the test of time, weathering the many changes that the region has experienced over the last 30 years. It is clear that analysis of crime that knows no borders requires ongoing in-depth international scientific co-operation, and with the current issue we aspire to respond to this need.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control"
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Mongold, Jennifer. "Bullying Behavior in Middle School: The Effects of Gender, Grade Level, Family Relationships, and Vicarious Victimization on Self-Esteem and Attitudes of Bullying." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2183.
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This research was conducted to investigate the effects of gender, grade level, family relationships, and vicarious victimization on self-esteem and attitudes of bullying. A self-report questionnaire was administered to sixth and seventh graders at a middle school to 436 students of whom 209 were males and 224 were females. Each home base classroom was systematically sampled for a random sample. The survey consisted of several demographic questions as well as questions regarding the previously mentioned variables. The mean age was 11.8 with 80.7% indicating they were white and 19.3% indicating another race. In the overall regression equations, gender and family relationships were significantly related to attitudes of bullying and family relationships was the only variable significant in the self-esteem equation. Several correlations between variables were found to be significant.
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Pickard, Ronald D. "Family Structure and the Criminal Behavior of Juveniles in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1974.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between family type and criminal behavior of juveniles in Tennessee who were referred to Juvenile Court in 2006. The population used in the study comprised the juveniles who were referred to the Tennessee Juvenile Courts as reported by the Tennessee Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 2006.
This investigation focused on the criminal behavior as indicated by number and type of referrals to the Juvenile and Family Court system in Tennessee. The data were analyzed by family-of-origin type, age group, and geographic region in Tennessee.
The findings of this study indicate there was a difference in criminal behavior of children referred to the Juvenile and Family Court system in Tennessee in 2006 according to family-of-origin type with referrals. For the family-of-origin types with referrals to the juvenile courts (TCJFCJ), 20,734 (26.2%) of the referrals came from married couples, 5,899 (7.5%) of the referrals came from fathers only, 33,802 (42.8%) of the referrals came from mothers only, and 18,620 (23.6%) of the referrals came from other family-of-origin type. For all family-of-origin types in Tennessee (TN 2006) with referrals to the juvenile court system, 20,734 ( 4.4%) of the married couples had referrals , 5,899 (11.3%) of the fathers only had referrals, 33,802 (17.8%) of the mothers only had referrals, and 18,620 (3.2%) of the other family-of-origin type had referrals.
The findings also show that as children approach the age of 18, there is a dramatic increase in illegal conduct and a less dramatic increase in status offenses. The number of referrals for offenses against persons and offenses against property tend to have a constant increase as children approach age 19.
The results also show that in East Tennessee, status offenses had the highest number of offenses and offenses against persons had the lowest number of offenses. In West Tennessee, offenses against persons had highest number of referrals and status offenses had the lowest number of referrals.
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Cotten, Jo Ann. "Behavior modificatioon unit study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2963.
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Ferestad, Jaysen Nicole. "I'm Not Gonna Be Like That Guy: Exploring the Montana Meth Project Through the Eyes of That Guy." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1503.
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Graphic images of meth addicts have swept across Montana in television, radio and print ads as part of the state's latest anti-drug campaign, the Montana Meth Project. From a labeling perspective, the negative portrayal of meth addicts in these ads has significant implications for meth addicts in terms of their reintegration. The unintended population of drug addicts potentially affected by public service campaigns has failed to gain attention in the literature despite the implications suggested by labeling theory. This poses a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding, which this study addresses through the voice of recovering meth addicts. This study explored the significance of the campaign with regard to the worldview of recovering meth addicts and the implications of this worldview with regard to their reintegration. In particular, the study examined 1) addict perceptions of the campaign's impact on community 2) addict perceptions of the campaign's personal impact 3) addict perceptions of the significance of social bonds 4) the implications of these perspectives from the theoretical standpoint of Labeling and Social Bond theory.
In-depth interviews were conducted among a sample of twenty recovering meth addicts at a treatment facility in Grenadier, Montana as well as one active meth user. This form of data collection was chosen due to the exploratory nature of the study as well the significance of perception suggested by the Symbolic-Interaction perspective (Cooley 1902). The study revealed that the Montana Meth Project does have a significant impact on the worldview of the participants. When the participants believe the campaign has a positive impact on the community - creating awareness, understanding and acceptance - the campaign is viewed as a tool in their reintegration. However, as the bulk of the findings suggest, when the participants believe the campaign has a negative impact - stereotypes, labeling, stigmatization and differential treatment - the campaign is viewed as a barrier to their reintegration. With such a negative reaction in the worldview of the participants, the mainstream world including family, friends and the community did not appear to be at the forefront of their reintegration. Rather, a subculture of recovering addicts acts as the source of positive social bonds and the most significant in the reintegration of the participants. The findings of this study demonstrate the impact anti- drug campaigns, and particularly scare campaigns using a public service approach, can have on the unintended audience of drug addicts.
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Benali, Karima. "Erfarenheter av kollektiv självförmåga och upplevelser av unga mäns våldsutövning i Fittja : En studie om lokalsamhällets brottsförebyggande roll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44933.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha i förebyggande av avvikande beteende och våldsutövning samt att diskutera hur Fittjabors förhållningssätt till och erfarenheter av preventiv vuxenroll och kollektiv självförmåga under perioden 1971–2020 kan förstås teoretiskt. Teori och metod: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av teorin om kollektiv självförmåga med fokus på social påverkan och teorin om sociala band med fokus på vardagsanknytning. Datainsamlingsmetoden utgörs av semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer med tio vuxna Fittjabor. Resultat och analys: Informanterna redogör för upplevda svårigheter men även för vikten av att utöva social påverkan vid förekomsten av avvikande och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i Fittja. De anser att vuxna lokalbor bör ha en grundläggande preventiv roll i förhållande till unga män i området. För att social påverkan ska kunna fungera brottspreventivt krävs enligt informanternas upplevelser att relationer mellan Fittjaborna stärks, att boende och verksamma aktörer i Fittja samverkar, att vuxna (både lokalbor och aktörer) bygger relationer till unga män i området samt att preventiva insatser sätts in tidigt. Vuxna Fittjabor har av informanterna med åren upplevts utöva allt mindre social påverkan och särskilt undvikit subgrupper av unga män, det vill säga unga män med tydlig koppling till en kriminell livsstil. Detta har i analysen diskuterats som en eventuell delförklaring till varför unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och 2020 upplevs ha nått en nivå som är svår att reglera med social påverkan. Analysen har vidare framhållit att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta, men även att det behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att förebygga bildandet av subgrupper som frikopplar sig från den konforma samhällsordningen och lokalbefolkningens påverkan.Aim: This study aims to investigate the perceived significance of social influence in deviant behavior and community violence prevention and to discuss how Fittja resident’s perceptions of preventive adult roles and collective efficacy during 1971–2020 can be understood theoretically. Theory and method: The theoretical framework consist of collective efficacy theory, focusing on social influence and social bonds theory, focusing on everyday attachment. Data was collected by using semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten adult Fittja residents. Results and analysis: The informants report on perceived difficulties but also on the importance of exercising social influence towards young men with deviant and criminal behavior in Fittja. They believe that local adults should have a basic preventive role in relation to young men in the area. According to the informants, certain measurements need to be taken to obtain crime prevention effects from social influence: a) relations between Fittja residents need to be strengthened, b) collaboration between residents and local actors in Fittja needs to be established, c) adults (both residents and local actors) need to build relationships with young men in the area and d) preventive measures need to be taken early. Adult residents have according to the informants over the years been perceived to exert less and less social influence and especially avoid subgroups of young men, meaning young men with a clear connection to a criminal lifestyle. The analysis shows that this could be a possible partial explanation for why young men’s behavior during the 2010s and 2020 is perceived to have reached a level that is difficult to regulate with social influence. The analysis argues that social influence is a behavior that adult residents need to train themselves in exercising and young men trained in receiving, but also that social influence needs to be exercised continuously and directed at all young men to prevent the formation of subgroups that disconnect from conformity and the influence of the local population.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha inom lokalsamhällen. Studien lyfter frågan huruvida boende i Fittja har reagerat på inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i området och om upplevs kunna vara en metod för förebyggande av avvikande och mindre kriminella beteenden samt på längre sikt våldsutövning i form av skjutvapenvåld. Tio vuxna Fittjabor har intervjuats om synen på sin egen roll i förebyggande av ungdomskriminalitet i området samt om upplevelser av hur de och andra Fittjabor har utövat social påverkan under perioden 1971–2020. Studien utgår från de teoretiska perspektiven social påverkan och vardagsanknytning som hämtats och modifierats ur teorin om kollektiv självförmåga och teorin om sociala band. De teoretiska perspektiven har integrerats med grund i idén om att när vuxna i lokalsamhällen har en god relation och dialog med unga män i området, så underlättas möjligheten att tillrättavisa dem om de skulle uppföra sig på ett avvikande eller mindre kriminellt sätt. Den framåtblickande idén med perspektiven ifråga är att kontinuerlig dialogföring, relationsbyggande och tillrättavisning av unga män bryter inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden i ett tidigt skede och förebygger att beteendena utvecklas till grövre sådana, såsom exempelvis våldsbrott. Resultatet och analysen visar att informanterna tycker att det är svårt att utöva social påverkan mot unga män som beter sig inkorrekt och kriminellt, men ändå anser att det är viktigt att göra det samt att vuxna har en viktig roll i denna fråga. De har även en upplevelse av att vuxna lokalbor behöver bygga relationer med varandra och med unga män samt samarbeta med olika aktörer i Fittja för att kunna förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Framförallt anser de att detta behöver göras medan unga män fortfarande är pojkar. Vuxna lokalbor i Fittja upplevs enligt informanterna ha utövat allt mindre social påverkan genom åren och särskilt undvikit unga män med lite stökigare och kriminella beteenden jämfört med mer skötsamma unga män från området. I analysen diskuteras det att detta skulle kunna vara en delförklaring till den upplevda förvärringen av unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och år 2020 och varför social påverkan under dessa senare tider flera gånger inte upplevs ha en inverkan på deras beteenden. Analysen påvisar att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta. Det konstateras vidare att social påverkan behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att inte tillåta bildandet av mindre grupper av unga män som lever en kriminell livsstil och som lokalbefolkningen sedan inte kan hantera.
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Uribe, Tinoco Maria Nicte-ha. "Understanding deviant behaviors through coercion and social support theory." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Done, Robert Stacy. "Self-control and deviant behavior in organizations: The case of sexually harassing behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284115.
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This dissertation consists of four analyses that examine the relationship between self-control and the likelihood of sexual harassment as deviant behavior in organizations. It was hypothesized that those men and women with lower self-control would also be more likely to engage in sexually harassing behavior. All of the analyses are based on a sample of undergraduate students and a sample of jury pool members. In the first analysis, the psychometric properties of multiple self-control measures were examined. The internal consistency and validity of three self-control measures were examined to determine which of the scales were appropriate for this research. Two of the scales were selected as suitably consistent and valid and were used in subsequent analyses. In the second analysis, the relationship between self-control and the likelihood to engage in sexually harassing behavior was explored. This exploration was conducted using two self-control measures and measures representing the likelihood of both quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment. In support of proposed hypothesis, those who reported lower self-control also reported a higher likelihood of engaging in sexually harassing behavior. In the third analysis, the predictive ability of a composite self-control measure and its components were compared. Factor analyses revealed the structure that the measure was designed to contain. The components revealed marginal reliability and were relatively ineffective predictors of the likelihood to engage in sexually harassing behavior as compared to the composite measure. And in the fourth analysis, the effectiveness of sexual harassment policies in light of self-control is studied. Policies prohibiting sexual harassment are suggested to reduce this type of behavior, but little empirical research has examined this proposed relationship. This analysis suggests that sexual harassment policies have a consistent, but weak, effect on reducing sexual harassment. Thus, this research has a number of implications. These findings inform theories of sexual harassment, which are often gender-based, and theories of deviant behavior, which are often context-based. These findings also contribute to the use of multiple self-control measures in future research. And finally, the findings suggest practical ways that managers may be able to reduce sexually harassing behaviors in organizations.
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Costello, Barbara Jean. "Social order and the internalization of norms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186942.
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The two criminological theories that conflict most sharply in terms of their fundamental assumptions about human nature and social order are control theory and cultural deviance theory. This research tests two major hypotheses derived from these theories. The first is that norms regulating the use of "force and fraud" are universal, and the second is that deviant behavior is caused by parents' failure to adequately socialize their children. The first hypothesis is tested through an analysis of the sanctioning practices of 100 cultures, drawn from the Human Relations Area Files. The results indicate that norms regulating the use of force and fraud are universal, and that the circumstances under which such acts are not sanctioned are quite limited. Apparent exceptions occur mainly when the consequences of the acts for social order are less severe or nonexistent. These findings indicate that certain norms are universal, and this fact can provide insight into human nature. If all societies prohibit some of the same acts, then these acts must present a threat in all societies, and members of all societies must perceive them as such. This indicates that people naturally tend to engage in criminal acts, since it is implausible that all societies would teach people to engage in behavior that they then punish. In order to identify the causes of the failure to learn cultural norms, micro-level data from the National Survey of Children are analyzed. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990), delinquency is most likely to occur among children whose parents do not adequately care for them. The results show that parents with lower self-control are less attached to their children, they do not adequately supervise their children, and they are more likely to use punitive forms of punishment. In turn, their children are less attached to them, they are less likely to report feeling guilty after deviation, and they are more likely to engage in a wide range of deviant acts. In sum, the evidence shows that children's deviance is the result of inadequate child-rearing practices.
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Britt, Chester Lamont III. "Crime, criminal careers and social control: A methodological analysis of economic choice and social control theories of crime." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185168.
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This study tests the validity of two theories of crime: economic choice (as manifest in the criminal career paradigm) and social control. The test of these two theories is primarily methodological, in that four types of crime data (official and longitudinal (Uniform Crime Reports), official and cross-sectional (Bail Decisionmaking Study), self-report and longitudinal (National Youth Survey), and self-report and cross-sectional (Seattle Youth Study)) and a variety of graphical and statistical techniques are used to compare findings on (1) the stability of the age distribution of crime, (2) the prevalence of offense specialization, and (3) the differences in the causes of participating in crime compared to the causes of frequency of criminal activity among those individuals committing crimes. The findings on the relation between age and crime show the general shape of the age-crime curve is stable across year of the data or curve, type of data, cohort, and age group. The tests for offense specialization reveal that offenders are versatile. An individual's current offense type is not predictable, with much accuracy, on the basis of prior offending. Again, the lack of offense specialization held across type of data, but age, race, and gender distinctions also failed to alter significantly the observed pattern of versatility. Findings on the causes of participation in crime and frequency of criminal activity among active offenders showed only trivial differences in the set of statistically significant predictors for each operationalization of crime and delinquency. Two distinct operationalizations of frequency also showed no substantial difference in the set of statistically significant predictors. Similar to the findings on age and crime, and offense specialization, the pattern of results for the participation and frequency analyses held across type of data. In sum, the results tended to support the predictions of social control theory over those of the economic choice-criminal career view of crime.
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Rothwell, Virginia Leigh. "The Relationship between Attitudes toward Deviance and Deviant Behavior: The Influence of Science, Individualism, Social Bonds and Deviant Peers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28988.
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Various sociological theories of deviance have demonstrated the importance of an individualâ s attitudes toward deviance in determining whether or not that individual will engage in deviant behavior. This research contributes to the theoretical and empirical literature on deviant behavior by examining the strength of two cultural factors, the scientific worldview and individualism, in predicting an individualâ s attitudes toward deviance when tested alongside the tenets of other predominate individual level theories of deviance, namely Hirschiâ s (1969) social control theory and Sutherlandâ s (1939) differential association theory. The sample for this analysis is 202 students from a large research university in Southwest Virginia. The findings of this research lend support to Sutherlandâ s (1939) differential association theory and to the scientific worldview as significant predictors of tolerant attitudes toward deviance. Several of the bonds of Hirschiâ s (1969) social control theory were also supported in this research; however, some failed to predict deviant behavior, leading to the conclusion that future research should focus on clearly elucidating the conceptualization of the social bonds forwarded in the original theory. Finally, the cultural ideology of individualism was not a significant predictor of tolerant attitudes toward deviance in this study. Future empirical studies should work to more clearly operationalize this variable as Hawdon (2005) described it and investigate the variables significance as a predictor of tolerant attitudes toward deviance.Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control"
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Palmer, Stuart Hunter. Deviant behavior: Patterns, sources, and control. New York, N.Y: Plenum Press, 1990.
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Understanding social control: Deviance, crime and social order. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2003.
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Cohen, Stanley. Visions of social control: Crime, punishment and classification. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.
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Visions of social control: Crime, punishment, and classification. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Polity Press, 1985.
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European Group for the Study of Deviance and Social Control. Conference. Critical views on crime, policy and social control. Nicosia, Cyprus: University of Nicosia Press, 2014.
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Gartner, Rosemary. Deviance and control II: Sociological theories of crime. Toronto, Ont: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.
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Gartner, Rosemary. Deviance and control II: Sociological theories of crime. [Toronto, Ont: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.
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Hagan, John. The disreputable pleasures: Crime and deviance in Canada. 3rd ed. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control"
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Martin, Steven S., and Cynthia A. Robbins. "Personality, Social Control, and Drug Use in Early Adolescence." In Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations, 145–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0970-1_6.
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Stacy, Alan W., and Michael D. Newcomb. "Long-Term Social-Psychological Influences on Deviant Attitudes and Criminal Behavior." In Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations, 99–127. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0970-1_4.
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O’Callaghan, Mark A. J. "Bio-Social Influences on the Control of Aggression/Aggressive Behavior in Mental Health Settings." In Biological Contributions to Crime Causation, 246–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2768-1_14.
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"Deviant Behavior and the Mechanisms of Social Control." In The Social System, 307–83. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203992951-14.
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"G.T. Marx (2001), 'Technology and Social Control', International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, pp. 15506-12." In Crime and Deviance in Cyberspace, 493–500. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315095325-28.
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Day, David M., and Margit Wiesner. "Developmental and Life-Course Models of Crime." In Criminal Trajectories, 124–45. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479880058.003.0005.
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This chapter provides an overview of theoretical process models for the explanation of crime in developmental context. It introduces key propositions from leading developmental and life-course theories of offending, including the dual taxonomy of antisocial behavior, coercion theory, interactional theory, and age-graded theory of informal social control, and stresses the need for further elaboration of the role of human agency in criminal trajectories across the life span. The chapter also describes the core tenets of the relational developmental systems framework, which serves as a major metamodel that undergirds contemporary developmental science. It is argued that developmental science theories of intentional self-regulation across the life span hold great promise to enrich criminological theorizing on human agency.
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Mohammed, Anne-Marie, Vladlena Benson, and George Saridakis. "Understanding the Relationship Between Cybercrime and Human Behavior Through Criminological Theories and Social Networking Sites." In Encyclopedia of Criminal Activities and the Deep Web, 979–89. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9715-5.ch066.
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This article seeks to gain a better understanding of how to address some of the challenges in the digital world. In order to do this, the authors presented some of the emerging issues in the psychology of human behavior and the ever changing nature of cyber threats in the digital world. They reviewed both the theories of crime (i.e., self-control and rational choice theories) and the empirical studies that have examined user behavior on social networking sites leading to victimization. Importantly, they mentioned the role of social engineering as the entry point of many of these sophisticated attacks. They went on to examine the relevance of the human element as the starting point of implementing cyber security programs in organizations as well as securing individual online behavior. Furthermore, issues that are associated with the emerging trends in human behavior research as well as ethics were also discussed. They acknowledge that much more academic attention is needed in this area to avoid the exponential growth of future information breaches.
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Bakirli, Erifyli. "New “Trends” of Sentence Execution in the Globalization Era." In Globalization and Its Impact on Violence Against Vulnerable Groups, 249–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9627-1.ch012.
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This chapter reviews the way “home confinement with electronic monitoring” is widespread internationally as an alternative penal sanction to imprisonment, in the globalization era. More specifically, the globalization of criminal activity, the emergence of new forms of criminal behavior, the privatization of anticrime policy, and the appearance of “modern governance of security,” all have allowed technology to infringe into social control of crime. The chapter explores the conception of the idea of a constant electronic surveillance system of offenders into their private space in the late 60s. Since then, such form of punishment has expanded to many penal systems all over the world, having greater appeal in Great Britain than elsewhere in Europe. Greece, following the developments described above, enacted Law No 4205/2013 and therefore, the parameters of the Greek pilot program of electronic monitoring are examined. Finally, the chapter considers all possible violations to ‘prisoners' fundamental rights and to those residing with them.
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Felker-Kantor, Max. "Introduction." In Policing Los Angeles, 1–18. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646831.003.0001.
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Between the 1960s and 1990s, the police power in Los Angeles intensified. Police power was not incidental or supplemental, but constitutive of postwar city politics and authority. The introduction outlines the central question of the book: how and why this could happen after the Watts uprising of 1965 exposed the racism at the heart of the police power, decades of pressure from an active anti–police abuse movement, and under the twenty-year rule of a liberal administration that sought to control and regulate police behavior. Tracing the racism at the heart of the police power reveals the historical consequences of expanded police authority. Relying on the police to manage social problems of crime, violence, and drugs led to disciplinary practices of surveillance, harassment, and arrest that criminalized and excluded African American and Latino/a residents. In the process, as antipolice activists pointed out and struggled against, the police often deemed residents of color as not only potential threats to the public welfare but also unfit for full benefits of social membership in American society. Police practices thereby produced racialized definitions of criminality and enforced the city’s hierarchical racial order. As a result, the struggle over policing structured and exacerbated deep cleavages in American cities over race, citizenship, politics, and state power.
Conference papers on the topic "Crime. Deviant behavior. Social control"
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Ibrahim, Hasni, and Dalilul Falihin. "Form of Social Control of the Deviant Behavior Students Education Study Program in Social Knowledge Faculty of Social Science of Makassar State University." In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201014.120.
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Sunnatova, R. I., M. O. Mdivani, and E. V. Lidskaya. "Personal resource as a factor of deviant behaviour prevention among students of digital generation." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.264.276.
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The history of students’ deviant behavior problem and studying different aspects of this phenomenon is defined by ambiguous understanding of the phenomenon occurrence nature. Widespread digitalization of educational environment and social life introduces new factors determining the behavior of modern adolescents. A promising approach to solving a number of research and practical problems in preventing deviant behavior among adolescents may consider the possibility of identifying a personal resource as a factor of preventing violations in adolescent behavior. The study involved 402 students from Moscow school. It revealed negative connotations in self-confidence and obsession with computer games, browsing social networks (Spearman’s correlation coefficient — .583), as well as with volitional control of emotional reactions — .598. A significant correlation was also found between teenagers’ dissatisfaction with significant adults’ attitude and obsession with computer games, browsing social networks: problems with teachers — Spearman’s correlation coefficient .458 and, accordingly, dissatisfaction with family relationship .431. All correlations are significant at the level of 0.01. Generally, the analysis results allow us to state that the questionnaire being developed can be useful both to identify the adolescent’s personal resource that enforce normative behavior and to identify deviant behavior risk predictors for students in grades 7–11. It can also be used as a tool for targeted planning in psychological and pedagogical support aimed at leveling various behavior violations and intrapersonal destructive states of adolescents.