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Mongold, Jennifer. "Bullying Behavior in Middle School: The Effects of Gender, Grade Level, Family Relationships, and Vicarious Victimization on Self-Esteem and Attitudes of Bullying." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2183.
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This research was conducted to investigate the effects of gender, grade level, family relationships, and vicarious victimization on self-esteem and attitudes of bullying. A self-report questionnaire was administered to sixth and seventh graders at a middle school to 436 students of whom 209 were males and 224 were females. Each home base classroom was systematically sampled for a random sample. The survey consisted of several demographic questions as well as questions regarding the previously mentioned variables. The mean age was 11.8 with 80.7% indicating they were white and 19.3% indicating another race. In the overall regression equations, gender and family relationships were significantly related to attitudes of bullying and family relationships was the only variable significant in the self-esteem equation. Several correlations between variables were found to be significant.
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Pickard, Ronald D. "Family Structure and the Criminal Behavior of Juveniles in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1974.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between family type and criminal behavior of juveniles in Tennessee who were referred to Juvenile Court in 2006. The population used in the study comprised the juveniles who were referred to the Tennessee Juvenile Courts as reported by the Tennessee Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 2006.
This investigation focused on the criminal behavior as indicated by number and type of referrals to the Juvenile and Family Court system in Tennessee. The data were analyzed by family-of-origin type, age group, and geographic region in Tennessee.
The findings of this study indicate there was a difference in criminal behavior of children referred to the Juvenile and Family Court system in Tennessee in 2006 according to family-of-origin type with referrals. For the family-of-origin types with referrals to the juvenile courts (TCJFCJ), 20,734 (26.2%) of the referrals came from married couples, 5,899 (7.5%) of the referrals came from fathers only, 33,802 (42.8%) of the referrals came from mothers only, and 18,620 (23.6%) of the referrals came from other family-of-origin type. For all family-of-origin types in Tennessee (TN 2006) with referrals to the juvenile court system, 20,734 ( 4.4%) of the married couples had referrals , 5,899 (11.3%) of the fathers only had referrals, 33,802 (17.8%) of the mothers only had referrals, and 18,620 (3.2%) of the other family-of-origin type had referrals.
The findings also show that as children approach the age of 18, there is a dramatic increase in illegal conduct and a less dramatic increase in status offenses. The number of referrals for offenses against persons and offenses against property tend to have a constant increase as children approach age 19.
The results also show that in East Tennessee, status offenses had the highest number of offenses and offenses against persons had the lowest number of offenses. In West Tennessee, offenses against persons had highest number of referrals and status offenses had the lowest number of referrals.
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Cotten, Jo Ann. "Behavior modificatioon unit study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2963.
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Ferestad, Jaysen Nicole. "I'm Not Gonna Be Like That Guy: Exploring the Montana Meth Project Through the Eyes of That Guy." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1503.
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Graphic images of meth addicts have swept across Montana in television, radio and print ads as part of the state's latest anti-drug campaign, the Montana Meth Project. From a labeling perspective, the negative portrayal of meth addicts in these ads has significant implications for meth addicts in terms of their reintegration. The unintended population of drug addicts potentially affected by public service campaigns has failed to gain attention in the literature despite the implications suggested by labeling theory. This poses a significant gap in our knowledge and understanding, which this study addresses through the voice of recovering meth addicts. This study explored the significance of the campaign with regard to the worldview of recovering meth addicts and the implications of this worldview with regard to their reintegration. In particular, the study examined 1) addict perceptions of the campaign's impact on community 2) addict perceptions of the campaign's personal impact 3) addict perceptions of the significance of social bonds 4) the implications of these perspectives from the theoretical standpoint of Labeling and Social Bond theory.
In-depth interviews were conducted among a sample of twenty recovering meth addicts at a treatment facility in Grenadier, Montana as well as one active meth user. This form of data collection was chosen due to the exploratory nature of the study as well the significance of perception suggested by the Symbolic-Interaction perspective (Cooley 1902). The study revealed that the Montana Meth Project does have a significant impact on the worldview of the participants. When the participants believe the campaign has a positive impact on the community - creating awareness, understanding and acceptance - the campaign is viewed as a tool in their reintegration. However, as the bulk of the findings suggest, when the participants believe the campaign has a negative impact - stereotypes, labeling, stigmatization and differential treatment - the campaign is viewed as a barrier to their reintegration. With such a negative reaction in the worldview of the participants, the mainstream world including family, friends and the community did not appear to be at the forefront of their reintegration. Rather, a subculture of recovering addicts acts as the source of positive social bonds and the most significant in the reintegration of the participants. The findings of this study demonstrate the impact anti- drug campaigns, and particularly scare campaigns using a public service approach, can have on the unintended audience of drug addicts.
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Benali, Karima. "Erfarenheter av kollektiv självförmåga och upplevelser av unga mäns våldsutövning i Fittja : En studie om lokalsamhällets brottsförebyggande roll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44933.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha i förebyggande av avvikande beteende och våldsutövning samt att diskutera hur Fittjabors förhållningssätt till och erfarenheter av preventiv vuxenroll och kollektiv självförmåga under perioden 1971–2020 kan förstås teoretiskt. Teori och metod: Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av teorin om kollektiv självförmåga med fokus på social påverkan och teorin om sociala band med fokus på vardagsanknytning. Datainsamlingsmetoden utgörs av semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer med tio vuxna Fittjabor. Resultat och analys: Informanterna redogör för upplevda svårigheter men även för vikten av att utöva social påverkan vid förekomsten av avvikande och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i Fittja. De anser att vuxna lokalbor bör ha en grundläggande preventiv roll i förhållande till unga män i området. För att social påverkan ska kunna fungera brottspreventivt krävs enligt informanternas upplevelser att relationer mellan Fittjaborna stärks, att boende och verksamma aktörer i Fittja samverkar, att vuxna (både lokalbor och aktörer) bygger relationer till unga män i området samt att preventiva insatser sätts in tidigt. Vuxna Fittjabor har av informanterna med åren upplevts utöva allt mindre social påverkan och särskilt undvikit subgrupper av unga män, det vill säga unga män med tydlig koppling till en kriminell livsstil. Detta har i analysen diskuterats som en eventuell delförklaring till varför unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och 2020 upplevs ha nått en nivå som är svår att reglera med social påverkan. Analysen har vidare framhållit att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta, men även att det behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att förebygga bildandet av subgrupper som frikopplar sig från den konforma samhällsordningen och lokalbefolkningens påverkan.Aim: This study aims to investigate the perceived significance of social influence in deviant behavior and community violence prevention and to discuss how Fittja resident’s perceptions of preventive adult roles and collective efficacy during 1971–2020 can be understood theoretically. Theory and method: The theoretical framework consist of collective efficacy theory, focusing on social influence and social bonds theory, focusing on everyday attachment. Data was collected by using semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten adult Fittja residents. Results and analysis: The informants report on perceived difficulties but also on the importance of exercising social influence towards young men with deviant and criminal behavior in Fittja. They believe that local adults should have a basic preventive role in relation to young men in the area. According to the informants, certain measurements need to be taken to obtain crime prevention effects from social influence: a) relations between Fittja residents need to be strengthened, b) collaboration between residents and local actors in Fittja needs to be established, c) adults (both residents and local actors) need to build relationships with young men in the area and d) preventive measures need to be taken early. Adult residents have according to the informants over the years been perceived to exert less and less social influence and especially avoid subgroups of young men, meaning young men with a clear connection to a criminal lifestyle. The analysis shows that this could be a possible partial explanation for why young men’s behavior during the 2010s and 2020 is perceived to have reached a level that is difficult to regulate with social influence. The analysis argues that social influence is a behavior that adult residents need to train themselves in exercising and young men trained in receiving, but also that social influence needs to be exercised continuously and directed at all young men to prevent the formation of subgroups that disconnect from conformity and the influence of the local population.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker vilken betydelse social påverkan upplevs ha inom lokalsamhällen. Studien lyfter frågan huruvida boende i Fittja har reagerat på inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden hos unga män i området och om upplevs kunna vara en metod för förebyggande av avvikande och mindre kriminella beteenden samt på längre sikt våldsutövning i form av skjutvapenvåld. Tio vuxna Fittjabor har intervjuats om synen på sin egen roll i förebyggande av ungdomskriminalitet i området samt om upplevelser av hur de och andra Fittjabor har utövat social påverkan under perioden 1971–2020. Studien utgår från de teoretiska perspektiven social påverkan och vardagsanknytning som hämtats och modifierats ur teorin om kollektiv självförmåga och teorin om sociala band. De teoretiska perspektiven har integrerats med grund i idén om att när vuxna i lokalsamhällen har en god relation och dialog med unga män i området, så underlättas möjligheten att tillrättavisa dem om de skulle uppföra sig på ett avvikande eller mindre kriminellt sätt. Den framåtblickande idén med perspektiven ifråga är att kontinuerlig dialogföring, relationsbyggande och tillrättavisning av unga män bryter inkorrekta och kriminella beteenden i ett tidigt skede och förebygger att beteendena utvecklas till grövre sådana, såsom exempelvis våldsbrott. Resultatet och analysen visar att informanterna tycker att det är svårt att utöva social påverkan mot unga män som beter sig inkorrekt och kriminellt, men ändå anser att det är viktigt att göra det samt att vuxna har en viktig roll i denna fråga. De har även en upplevelse av att vuxna lokalbor behöver bygga relationer med varandra och med unga män samt samarbeta med olika aktörer i Fittja för att kunna förebygga ungdomsbrottslighet. Framförallt anser de att detta behöver göras medan unga män fortfarande är pojkar. Vuxna lokalbor i Fittja upplevs enligt informanterna ha utövat allt mindre social påverkan genom åren och särskilt undvikit unga män med lite stökigare och kriminella beteenden jämfört med mer skötsamma unga män från området. I analysen diskuteras det att detta skulle kunna vara en delförklaring till den upplevda förvärringen av unga mäns beteenden under 2010-talet och år 2020 och varför social påverkan under dessa senare tider flera gånger inte upplevs ha en inverkan på deras beteenden. Analysen påvisar att social påverkan är ett beteende som vuxna lokalbor behöver träna sig själva i att utöva och unga män tränas i att motta. Det konstateras vidare att social påverkan behöver utövas kontinuerligt och riktas mot samtliga unga män för att inte tillåta bildandet av mindre grupper av unga män som lever en kriminell livsstil och som lokalbefolkningen sedan inte kan hantera.
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Uribe, Tinoco Maria Nicte-ha. "Understanding deviant behaviors through coercion and social support theory." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Done, Robert Stacy. "Self-control and deviant behavior in organizations: The case of sexually harassing behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284115.
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This dissertation consists of four analyses that examine the relationship between self-control and the likelihood of sexual harassment as deviant behavior in organizations. It was hypothesized that those men and women with lower self-control would also be more likely to engage in sexually harassing behavior. All of the analyses are based on a sample of undergraduate students and a sample of jury pool members. In the first analysis, the psychometric properties of multiple self-control measures were examined. The internal consistency and validity of three self-control measures were examined to determine which of the scales were appropriate for this research. Two of the scales were selected as suitably consistent and valid and were used in subsequent analyses. In the second analysis, the relationship between self-control and the likelihood to engage in sexually harassing behavior was explored. This exploration was conducted using two self-control measures and measures representing the likelihood of both quid pro quo and hostile work environment sexual harassment. In support of proposed hypothesis, those who reported lower self-control also reported a higher likelihood of engaging in sexually harassing behavior. In the third analysis, the predictive ability of a composite self-control measure and its components were compared. Factor analyses revealed the structure that the measure was designed to contain. The components revealed marginal reliability and were relatively ineffective predictors of the likelihood to engage in sexually harassing behavior as compared to the composite measure. And in the fourth analysis, the effectiveness of sexual harassment policies in light of self-control is studied. Policies prohibiting sexual harassment are suggested to reduce this type of behavior, but little empirical research has examined this proposed relationship. This analysis suggests that sexual harassment policies have a consistent, but weak, effect on reducing sexual harassment. Thus, this research has a number of implications. These findings inform theories of sexual harassment, which are often gender-based, and theories of deviant behavior, which are often context-based. These findings also contribute to the use of multiple self-control measures in future research. And finally, the findings suggest practical ways that managers may be able to reduce sexually harassing behaviors in organizations.
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Costello, Barbara Jean. "Social order and the internalization of norms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186942.
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The two criminological theories that conflict most sharply in terms of their fundamental assumptions about human nature and social order are control theory and cultural deviance theory. This research tests two major hypotheses derived from these theories. The first is that norms regulating the use of "force and fraud" are universal, and the second is that deviant behavior is caused by parents' failure to adequately socialize their children. The first hypothesis is tested through an analysis of the sanctioning practices of 100 cultures, drawn from the Human Relations Area Files. The results indicate that norms regulating the use of force and fraud are universal, and that the circumstances under which such acts are not sanctioned are quite limited. Apparent exceptions occur mainly when the consequences of the acts for social order are less severe or nonexistent. These findings indicate that certain norms are universal, and this fact can provide insight into human nature. If all societies prohibit some of the same acts, then these acts must present a threat in all societies, and members of all societies must perceive them as such. This indicates that people naturally tend to engage in criminal acts, since it is implausible that all societies would teach people to engage in behavior that they then punish. In order to identify the causes of the failure to learn cultural norms, micro-level data from the National Survey of Children are analyzed. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990), delinquency is most likely to occur among children whose parents do not adequately care for them. The results show that parents with lower self-control are less attached to their children, they do not adequately supervise their children, and they are more likely to use punitive forms of punishment. In turn, their children are less attached to them, they are less likely to report feeling guilty after deviation, and they are more likely to engage in a wide range of deviant acts. In sum, the evidence shows that children's deviance is the result of inadequate child-rearing practices.
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Britt, Chester Lamont III. "Crime, criminal careers and social control: A methodological analysis of economic choice and social control theories of crime." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185168.
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This study tests the validity of two theories of crime: economic choice (as manifest in the criminal career paradigm) and social control. The test of these two theories is primarily methodological, in that four types of crime data (official and longitudinal (Uniform Crime Reports), official and cross-sectional (Bail Decisionmaking Study), self-report and longitudinal (National Youth Survey), and self-report and cross-sectional (Seattle Youth Study)) and a variety of graphical and statistical techniques are used to compare findings on (1) the stability of the age distribution of crime, (2) the prevalence of offense specialization, and (3) the differences in the causes of participating in crime compared to the causes of frequency of criminal activity among those individuals committing crimes. The findings on the relation between age and crime show the general shape of the age-crime curve is stable across year of the data or curve, type of data, cohort, and age group. The tests for offense specialization reveal that offenders are versatile. An individual's current offense type is not predictable, with much accuracy, on the basis of prior offending. Again, the lack of offense specialization held across type of data, but age, race, and gender distinctions also failed to alter significantly the observed pattern of versatility. Findings on the causes of participation in crime and frequency of criminal activity among active offenders showed only trivial differences in the set of statistically significant predictors for each operationalization of crime and delinquency. Two distinct operationalizations of frequency also showed no substantial difference in the set of statistically significant predictors. Similar to the findings on age and crime, and offense specialization, the pattern of results for the participation and frequency analyses held across type of data. In sum, the results tended to support the predictions of social control theory over those of the economic choice-criminal career view of crime.
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Rothwell, Virginia Leigh. "The Relationship between Attitudes toward Deviance and Deviant Behavior: The Influence of Science, Individualism, Social Bonds and Deviant Peers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28988.
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Various sociological theories of deviance have demonstrated the importance of an individualâ s attitudes toward deviance in determining whether or not that individual will engage in deviant behavior. This research contributes to the theoretical and empirical literature on deviant behavior by examining the strength of two cultural factors, the scientific worldview and individualism, in predicting an individualâ s attitudes toward deviance when tested alongside the tenets of other predominate individual level theories of deviance, namely Hirschiâ s (1969) social control theory and Sutherlandâ s (1939) differential association theory. The sample for this analysis is 202 students from a large research university in Southwest Virginia. The findings of this research lend support to Sutherlandâ s (1939) differential association theory and to the scientific worldview as significant predictors of tolerant attitudes toward deviance. Several of the bonds of Hirschiâ s (1969) social control theory were also supported in this research; however, some failed to predict deviant behavior, leading to the conclusion that future research should focus on clearly elucidating the conceptualization of the social bonds forwarded in the original theory. Finally, the cultural ideology of individualism was not a significant predictor of tolerant attitudes toward deviance in this study. Future empirical studies should work to more clearly operationalize this variable as Hawdon (2005) described it and investigate the variables significance as a predictor of tolerant attitudes toward deviance.Ph. D.
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Parlier, Jacqueline Marie. "A Social Control Based Analysis of the Effect of Community Context upon Self Reported Delinquency Rates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1827.
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Social disorganization and social control are two seemingly competing theories attempting to explain crime and delinquency. In this study, social control and social disorganization are measured in a sample of college students via self-report surveys using questions derived from Hirschi's social control questionnaire and a previously employed social disorganization measure. Factor and reliability analyses were examined to validate each of these key constructs. Zero-order correlations, regression analyses, and path analysis were then used to test the key propositions of these theories. These tests provide full and qualified support for these theories. Implications for future research and criminal justice policy are discussed in light of these findings.
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Mota, Leonardo de AraÃjo e. "Pecado, Crime ou DoenÃa? RepresentaÃÃes Sociais da DependÃncia QuÃmica." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4621.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA dependÃncia quÃmica à um problema social relevante na sociedade contemporÃnea, atingindo milhares de indivÃduos, ignorando distinÃÃes de classe social, gÃnero, etnia ou credo religioso. Considerando que a maioria das pesquisas endereÃadas a este fenÃmeno se origina dos saberes mÃdicos e psicolÃgicos, a intenÃÃo desta tese à incluir este campo no Ãmbito das ciÃncias sociais, privilegiando uma abordagem compreensiva da dependÃncia quÃmica, analisando-a como um fenÃmeno polissÃmico que possui estreito vÃnculo com o social. Embora este trabalho nÃo menospreze as variÃveis biolÃgicas e psicolÃgicas do objeto, o foco desta pesquisa foi averiguar como determinadas representaÃÃes sociais (pecado, crime e doenÃa) estÃo associadas ao abuso de drogas e influenciam na construÃÃo social de rÃtulos e estigmas relacionados a esta forma de transgressÃo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada, majoritariamente, em clÃnicas de recuperaÃÃo de dependentes quÃmicos e grupos de ajuda mÃtua como AlcoÃlicos AnÃnimos e NarcÃticos AnÃnimos, utilizando metodologias qualitativas como observaÃÃo participante, entrevista e grupo focal. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dependentes quÃmicos em processo de recuperaÃÃo, terapeutas, mÃdicos, assistentes sociais, policiais e religiosos, todos envolvidos diretamente com problemas relacionados ao abuso de drogas lÃcitas e ilÃcitas. Constatou-se que a dependÃncia quÃmica à cada vez mais definida como uma doenÃa, mas trata-se de uma patologia complexa que tambÃm incorpora representaÃÃes da religiÃo, da moral e do direito penal. TambÃm foi abordada a questÃo da solidariedade entre dependentes quÃmicos, alicerÃada nos pressupostos da dÃdiva, como recurso de recuperaÃÃo e sociabilidade.
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Bogle, Brandon Coy. "Initial Development of the Sex Offender Attitude Scale." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1881.
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As long as the public maintains staunch and unwarranted negative attitudes toward sex offenders, little hope remains for released sex offenders to successfully reintegrate into society. Therefore, it is in the interest of society that we understand the nature of views of sex offenders so that attempts can be made to promote maximal reintegration and preventing recidivism. To date no valid psychometric instrument exists that measures attitudes toward sex offenders. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to develop such an instrument that will accurately measure stigma associated with sex offenders. Unrotated Prinicipal Components Factor Analysis revealed a single interpretable factor comprised of 17 of the original 27 items with factor loadings of .4 or greater. Chronbach's Alpha Reliability Procedure (a=.88) indicates the SOAS is a valid instrument. The findings suggest possible uses of the SOAS in a variety of areas of sex offender rehabilitation, including treatment and reintegration programs.
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Borowsky, Paul Martin. "An Exploratory Analysis of the Psychological Dimensions of Airline Security and Correlates of Perceived Terrorism Threats: A Study of Active American Airlines Pilots." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1824.
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The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack resulted in a myriad of new policies designed to enhance aviation security. These policies ostensibly considered the origins of the exact threat facing the United States. Missing, however, were the inputs from rank and file pilots of the airlines that policy makers were attempting to protect. This exploratory study distributed a 50-question survey designed to measure pilot perceptions of security risk and threats. Univariate descriptives were used to examine the extent to which sample data approximated the population of interest. Factor and reliability analysis were used to document the multidimensionality of the constructs and assess the appropriateness of the linear combination of variables used to construct the scales. Finally, correlation analysis was used to better understand which areas of airline security might be targeted by policymakers to enhance existing structures and practices. Results revealed statistically significant differences in the perceptions of pilot security concerns and the focus of current U.S. aviation security policy.
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Majied, Shelita D. "SOCIAL SERVICE PROFESSIONALS PERSPECTIVES ON ASSESSING ABUSE AMONG THE DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/172.
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There are substantial amounts of research on risk factors that contribute to abuse among adults with developmental disabilities. There are also studies that explore preventative measures and safety factors to help reduce abuse among the population. These relevant studies and research has examined the relationship between developmental disabilities, types of abuse, risk factors, effectiveness of risk assessments, and prevention. The main purpose of this study is to explore the problem of high abuse rates amongst this population and discuss social service professional’s perspective on the current preventative measures used to protect adults with developmental disabilities from abuse. For this quantitative study, the researcher distributed questionnaires to social service professionals to gauge their experiences with working with the developmentally disabled population, and assessing abuse. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed for the purpose of giving a descriptive and exploratory view of the study. The key findings of the study showed the demographics of the participants and clients, abuse types and assessment techniques, and outcomes of abuse cases. There were no significant findings between variables, but the data showed that there is a break down in effective assessment techniques and procedures when assessing abuse among the developmentally disabled. Limitations and recommendations for social work practice were also discussed.
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Holbrook, Ashley Michelle. "Juveniles Adjudicated in Adult Court: The Effects of Age, Gender, Race, Previous Convictions, and Severity of Crime on Sentencing Decisions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2043.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the influences such as age at current offense, gender, race, previous convictions, and the seriousness of crimes that contributed to the decisions received by juveniles in adult court. This study examined a secondary data set from the United States Department of Justice entitled Juvenile Defendants in Criminal Courts (JDCC): Survey of 40 Counties in the United States, 1998. The cases from these 40 jurisdictions represented all filings during one month in 75 of the most populous counties. The current study found significant differences among race, prior criminal history, current offense severity, and juveniles adjudicated in adult court. Future research should therefore continue to examine the impact of juveniles adjudicated in adult court to better inform the debate surrounding the potential dangers associated with juvenile offending and adult criminal sanctions.
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Edwards, Bradley. "Media: Effects on Attitudes toward Police and Fear of Criminal Victimization." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2048.
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This research investigated the effects of the media on attitudes toward police and fear of crime, while controlling for selected audience trait variables. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 351 students at East Tennessee State University. The survey consisted of demographic and audience trait variables. The survey also contained items that measured the respondants' media consumption. Respondents were asked, for example, which format they typically get news from (e.g., newspaper, television), how often they watch television, and how real they perceive crime related television to be. Multivariate analysis showed that demographic and audience trait variables explained more variance than did media-related variables.
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Orender, Maggie Marie. "An Examination of Patterns and Trends of Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1826.
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The purpose of this study was to examine prescription drug abuse among the adolescent population and analyze factors that may contribute to or influence adolescent drug abuse. This study examined 3 waves of a secondary data set from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) entitled the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The data from these surveys are nationally representative and include data on several types of drug use and mental health conditions. Results from the current study indicate that there were significant relationships among age, gender, race, previous alcohol use, school enrollment, general health, mental health treatment, and the use of prescription drugs in the adolescent populations. Future research should be conducted to investigate the severity of the impact adolescent prescription drug abuse will have on society and to investigate possible solutions to this problem.
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Hurley, Michelle Lynn. "Organizationally Mandated Diversity Training: Participants’ Perceptions at a Southeastern State University." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1492.
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An amplified emphasis on global competency and a projected demographic shift toward an increasingly diverse population necessitates that businesses and organizations prepare adequately to remain competitive and effective. Training to enhance employees' multicultural competence is often used by organizations to address these impending changes; however, there is little research documenting the degree to which these trainings are effective. Using archival training evaluation data, the purpose of this study was to examine participant estimations of the effectiveness of one such training and also to determine if participant demographic variables including gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and employee classification (faculty or staff) held any predictive value in relation to training ratings. The results indicated that overall most participants found the training effective. Staff, female, or non-White participants were significantly more likely to rate the training favorably. These results suggest that diversity training may be a viable method of addressing changing organizational demographics and provides some insight as to how training group demographics could be used during the training planning and implementation process to individualize the curriculum.
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Vaos, Solano Maria Teresa. "CAN WE REDUCE THE ONSET AND RECIDIVISM OF CRIME WITH NON-INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION ON RESPONSE INHIBITION." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25216.
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Deficits in executive functions, specifically in response inhibition (RI), have been reported in antisocial behavior, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), etc. Individuals with deficits in RI have a high probability to show non-adapted social behavior that can lead to crime. Many studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique, modulate the activity of the prefrontal cortex and the functions involved in executive control and RI. This article aims to review the literature on the effect of tDCS on RI and executive control and to highlight research avenues to develop therapeutic alternatives to prevent onset and recidivism of crime. A systematic review of the literature was performed in the Libsearch database following PRISMA method. Ten studies were selected showing tDCS modulation of RI measured with the Stop Signal and the Go-NoGo task. Eight of the studies showed gains on RI with tDCS versus sham. The data led to consideration of tDCS as a new therapeutic alternative to improve RI and hence prevention of onset and recidivism on crime. Individual differences, targeted brain areas, the polarity of electrodes and long-term learning effects are further discussed as crucial considerations for future studies.
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Burgason, Kyle Aaron. "Examination of the Death Penalty: Public Opinion of a Northeast Tennessee University Student Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1744.
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How society views the use of the death penalty as a means of punishment greatly affects the decisions of lawmakers, politicians who use it as a platform for election, and the criminals who commit the crime of murder. This study used 40 different vignettes involving real-life murder scenarios in order for participants to form a more precise opinion of what the correct punishment for the crime should be. Given a choice between the death penalty, life without the possibility of parole, a prison term of their choosing, or other, participants were asked to assign a sanction for each vignette. Respondents were asked to answer demographic questions about themselves in order for these variables to be regressed to examine how their status relates to their opinion of the death penalty as a punishment for murder. Statistical analysis showed income level, political affiliation, and religious affiliation to be significant variables. Analysis of the vignettes themselves revealed substantial variation in individual's willingness to apply the death penalty across various types of murder.
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Zawisza, Thomas Theodore. "An Analysis of Monitoring the Future: A Look at the Relationship between Juvenile Delinquency and Involvement in School." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1743.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between juvenile delinquency and involvement with various school activities. In order to do so data from the Monitoring the Future survey of high school seniors in 2008 were used. Univariate measures included descriptive statistics of the variables, while bivariate analysis determined if a relationship exists between the dependent and independent variables. Results of the analysis suggested mixed support for the relationship between adolescent delinquency and involvement in school activities.
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Sluss, Randal J. "Racial Profiling and Policing in North Carolina: Reality or Rhetoric?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2073.
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This thesis examined police practices of the North Carolina Highway Patrol concerning the occurrence of racial profiling. The sample data consisted of motorists stopped in North Carolina by the Highway Patrol between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2000 (N = 332, 861). The findings suggested that race was a likely factor in pretextual stops. The results also indicate that racial profiling was occurring more in the western region than the eastern region of North Carolina. Theoretical reasons are offered in support of these findings.
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Garrett, Linda H. "Childhood Reflections of Adult Male Incarcerated Child Sexual Abusers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2244.
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Child sexual abuse has existed since earliest recorded history. It is believed that one in three females and one in five males are sexually abused before their 18th birthday, and many researchers believe this is a gross underestimation of the problem. Child sexual abuse has been studied extensively from the perspective of the victim. Child sexual abusers have been studied over the last few decades but with inconsistent definitions and methods applied among studies. This qualitative study explored the childhood reflections of 8 incarcerated child sexual abusers in a southern Appalachian prison. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted at the prison with the 8 male participants. After multiple readings of the transcripts, analysis was completed and the stories emerged. The investigator used van Manen's descriptive-interpretive process. This process involved guided existential reflections based on spatiality, corporeality, temporality, and relationality. The existentials were used as an aid to understand how incarcerated adult male child sexual abusers experienced childhood. Questions were asked using the existentials in order to better understand childhood experiences in this underserved and often forgotten population. Data were managed using NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Textural themes were organized into essential structural themes which were abstracted into the essential categorical themes of failure to root, what you see is what you learn, these are the moments of your life, and stupid is as stupid does. All participants demonstrated failure to root as evidenced by their inability to recall their childhood homes or their play life during childhood. Results indicated that participants developed a sense of self resulting from external perceptions which left them with a disembodied concept of self. A disembodied concept of self was demonstrated through the experiences of both failure to root and what you see is what you learn. These are the moments of your life is the abstraction of the participants' method of coping with the abuses they suffered from different family members. The resulting personal view of lived body is represented by the abstraction of stupid is as stupid does. Results are discussed and related to nursing practice, education, and research.
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Smith, Gabriela. "Differences in Socialization Factors in Relation to Prescription Drug Misuse Between Rural and Urban Juveniles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3659.
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Juvenile misuse of prescription drugs in the United States has continuously increased over the last few decades, especially within rural regions of the country. Despite continuous increase in rates of misuse, limited research exists on elements of socialization that may function to prevent drug use. The current study utilized the Monitoring the Future Survey data to explore prescription drug misuse between different populations of juveniles. While using Hirschi’s (1969) theory of social bonds as a theoretical framework, different elements of socialization were explored to determine whether they work to contribute or prevent prescription drug misuse among rural and urban juveniles. Results indicated that parental attachment served as the most substantial protective factor among both populations of juveniles. Additionally, socialization differed in relation to prescription drug use among rural and urban youth. These findings could be implicated in future anti-drug programs that specifically target different regions of the country.
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Lindsay, Takoma, Raven Pyle, and Ben Hinnant. "A Multi-Family Group Intervention: Affect Regulation and Coping Strategies as a Means of Improving Family Functioning and Attachment Behaviors between Adolescents Adjudicated of a Sex Offense and Their Mothers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2020/schedule/63.
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This study explored changes in affect regulation and coping strategies with family functioning and attachment behaviors among a sample of incarcerated male adolescents (N = 115) and their maternal caregivers (N = 71). The sample participated in the Multiple Family Group Intervention (MFGI; Keiley, 2007) which is an 8-session program conducted in a juvenile correctional institution with adolescents adjudicated of a sexual offense, and their families. In 90-minute sessions, group facilitators use a six-step therapeutic method for altering interactional patterns from an affect regulation and attachment perspective. Using enactments and discussion, the intervention targets affect regulation and communication skills. Results indicate that changes in affect regulation and coping skills from pre- to post-intervention were related to changes in family functioning and attachment behaviors. Findings add to growing empirical support for the utility of systemic interventions within juvenile justice systems to strengthen affect regulation, coping skills, family functioning, and attachment behaviors.
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Levy, Jonathan. "Deviance and social control among Haredi adolescent males." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84522.
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The ultra-Orthodox (haredi) Jewish community includes the Hasidim and misnagdim who believe that they are the true followers of God's commandments, as He intended them to be followed when presented at Sinai, and as interpreted and codified by the Mishnah, Talmud, and other Rabbinic works. Little research has examined deviance within this group. This thesis delves into types of deviant behaviors taking place among haredi adolescents, as well as their causes, so that effective interventions, sensitive to the virtually unique needs of this group, can be implemented. Theoretical definitions of deviance are examined as they relate to this community and its emphasis on religious observance. Ultimately, deviance is defined as matters that can distract the individual from expected levels of religious observance.Using Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model of Human Development, this thesis also explores the environmental factors contributing to a rise in deviant behavior in segments of the Montreal ultra-Orthodox community. From an analysis of data obtained from numerous interviews with community members as well as with mental health professionals familiar with this group, four contributing factors to the rise of deviant behavior among adolescent boys are identified. These factors test current haredi methods of maintaining strong cultural boundaries and may suggest that changes are necessary to cope with current challenges. The lure of mainstream culture is a strong draw for adolescents and advances in technology allow these individuals to easily engage in secret deviant behavior while remaining in good standing within the community. Moreover, the rigid structure of the school day with its long hours and intensive curriculum makes it difficult to accommodate the needs of all students. Changes in family structure, dynamics, and composition, as well as an increasingly stringent interpretation of religious law have also contributed to a rise in deviance. Finally, community financial weakness is explored as it relates to adolescence and a loss of religious identity.
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Carr, Christie Arine. "Christian Fundamentalism, Authoritarianism, and Attitudes toward Rape Victims." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2206.
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This study focused on the relationship of five variables: rape myth acceptance, attitudes toward rape victims, sex roles, authoritarianism, and Christian fundamentalism. Also, differences between men and women were compared. The study was conducted at East Tennessee State University, and 100 people participated. Contrary to past research, Christian fundamentalism was not a significant predictor of rape myth acceptance or attitudes towards rape victims, but there were significant relationships between all of the other variables. Men were found to be more accepting of rape myths and had a more negative view of rape victims than did women. Implications of these findings, future research ideas, and possible rape-awareness educational programs are discussed.
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Tester, Marlys Kay. "Analysis of Selected Correlates of Spouse Abuse and the Policy Implications for the Criminal Justice System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2135.
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Research on spouse abuse has received greater attention during the last 3 decades around the world. This research was conducted to investigate the selected correlates of alcohol use, drug use, and marital status and the effects they have on use of weapons and violent behavior. The secondary data used was from a study done in Chicago from 1995-1998, called the Chicago Community Crime Prevention and Intimate Violence Study. There were 210 domestic violence victims studied in one Chicago area. Each victim was asked a series of the same questions. It was found that 39.4% of the domestic violence cases involved an alcohol problem, and 45.1% of them involved drugs. It was found that divorced subjects had the highest percentage of the use of a weapon (67%). In the overall cross tabulations, alcohol, drug use, and marital status were not significantly related to the use of a weapon and violent behavior. It was also found that alcohol consumption and violent behavior was significant at the .10 level of significance.
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Walker, Sharon. "Influences on Juvenile-Justice Court Dispositions: Sentencing Disparities, Race, Legal Representation, Degree of Offending, and Conflict in the Juvenile Justice System." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/35.
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Holt, Jessica Lynne. "Impact of Self-Esteem, Adult Attachment, and Family on Conflict Resolution in Intimate Relationships." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2094.
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This study examined the use of physical aggression in intimate relationships and the effects of self-esteem, adult attachment, and witnessing violence in the family of origin on such. Participants were 189 males and 379 females enrolled in classes during the fall semester 2006 at East Tennessee State University. Participants were recruited via 2 methods and participated either via an online survey through the Psychology department or paper-based surveys administered to random cluster samples of students. The 2 versions differed only in administration format. The surveys consisted of a demographic questionnaire, CTS2 for their relationships, CTS for their parents' relationship, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and ECR-R. A 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 MANOVA was undertaken to assess main effects and interactions of gender, interparental violence, self-esteem, and adult attachment. Significant main effects emerged for all independent variables with a significant interaction between gender and interparental violence for 4 dependent variables.
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Redwine, Samantha J. "A Content Analysis of A&E's Hoarders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1208.
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The interest in hoarding has peaked since its first clinical definition in 1996 and is evident by six television shows centered on the topic. This thesis reports the results a content analysis of two seasons (21 episodes) of the popular T.V. series A&E’s Hoarders. People rationalize hoarding in ways that both differ and overlap. Doctors, professional organizers, hoarders and their loved ones collectively frame hoarding as a medical and mental health problem. The results suggest that Americans’ perceptions of hoarding behavior has shifted from one that is deviant behavior to one that is medicalized.
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Boswell, M. Alison. "School Level Predictors of Bullying Among High School Students." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/44.
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Bullying is a universal problem affecting the emotional, social, and physical wellbeing of school-age children worldwide. Individual level correlates of bullying have been well-documented; however, there is limited research identifying variables at the school level which contribute to bullying involvement, especially among high school students. In this dissertation, school characteristics associated with bullying were investigated using an ecological systems framework.
In the first paper, a comprehensive review of the bullying literature was conducted. Research in the following areas were summarized: definitions of bullying, measures of bullying, individual correlates, influences of cognitive development and social context across age groups, contextual variables (family, school, and community), evidence-based interventions, and bullying from a socio-ecological perspective.
In the second paper, research findings are presented for an original study investigating school level predictors of bullying involvement across Kentucky high schools. The study used aggregated data from a survey of 9th to 12th grade students in 26 high schools across the state, combined with existing school datasets, in order to examine: (1) the prevalence of bullies, victims, and bully-victims across Kentucky high schools and (2) school characteristics associated with elevated rates of bullying involvement. Results revealed important differences in school bullying incident reports and student reports of bullying experiences, as well as unique differences between school environments with high and low rates of bullying involvement. Overall, academic performance and parent involvement were the strongest predictors of bullying involvement at the school level; however, the relationships between these variables and prevalence rates were not as expected. In several analyses, individual level findings from the bullying research did not translate to the school level as hypothesized.
Overall, these findings have important implications for researchers when using multilevel analyses in the school context, when investigating the impact of bullying interventions at the school level, and when investigating how the school environment contributes to bullying. Results also provide important information for schools developing or revising bullying data collection procedures.
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Williams, Ja'nae A. "Silent Cries: Black Women and State-Sponsored Violence." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/177.
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The intention of this study is to contribute to research on Black women and to bring awareness to Black women's experiences, as they navigate social institutions. This study examines the perception of the intersectionality of race and gender impacts their awareness of police violence against Black women. Researchers measured respondent's perceptions/attitudes regarding intersectionality and their awareness of people who had been victimized by police violence. The quantitative study is comprised of statements regarding patriarchy and/or sexism and statements concerning racism and/or the lack thereof. The data analysis indicates that respondents' awareness and sensitivity to racism along with their perception of sexism and patriarchy is associated with their awareness of police victims. The researcher's findings found that the intersectionality of race and gender impacts their awareness of police violence against Black women.
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Rose, John Donald. "The Relationship between Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use among Teenagers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2171.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among teenagers. This study examined three research questions: (1) Is there a relationship between demographic characteristics (i.e., sex and race), the attitudinal variable (attachment to family), and the admitted use of marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco among teenagers? (2) Is there a relationship between the use of marijuana by teenagers and the use of tobacco by teenagers? (3) Is there a relationship between the use of marijuana by teenagers and the use of alcohol by teenagers?
The data used for this paper were from the Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program research project (Esbensen, 2003). The analysis found that the frequency of teenage alcohol use had the strongest correlation with the use of marijuana. The frequency of teenage tobacco use was also found to have a significant correlation to marijuana use.
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MOTA, Leonardo de Araújo. "Pecado, crime ou doença? representações sociais da dependência química." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1491.
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MOTA, Leonardo de Araújo. Pecado, crime ou doença? representações sociais da dependência química. 2008. 246f. Tese(Doutorado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2011-11-29T14:26:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_TESE_LAMOTA.pdf: 1319771 bytes, checksum: 279a1019c97308784b859d9c0d70aecc (MD5)
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Drug addiction is a relevant social problem in the contemporary society, affecting thousands of individuals, and ignoring distinctions of social class, gender, race or religious beliefs. Considering that most of the research addressed to this phenomenon comes from medicine and psychology, the aim of this dissertation was to incorporate this field in the realm of social sciences, analyzing addiction as a phenomenon with various social meanings. Although this work doesn't concentrate on the biological and psychological variables of the object, the focus of this research was to analyze how certain social representations (sin, crime and disease) are associated with drug addiction and influence the social construction of labels and stigma of this particular type of transgression. The field research was accomplished mostly, in centers for recovery of addiction and mutual help groups such as Alcoholic Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. Using qualitative methodologies such as participant observation, interview and focal groups. The subjects of the research were addicts and alcoholics in recovery, therapists, doctors, social workers, policemen and clerics, all of them involved directly with problems related with abuse of licit and illicit drugs. It was verified that addiction is more defined as a disease, but it’s a special kind of pathology that also incorporates representations of religion, moral and law. The subject of the solidarity among addicts was also approached, as well as the presuppositions of the gift, considered an important element of recovery and sociability.
A dependência química é um problema social relevante na sociedade contemporânea, atingindo milhares de indivíduos, ignorando distinções de classe social, gênero, etnia ou credo religioso. Considerando que a maioria das pesquisas endereçadas a este fenômeno se origina dos saberes médicos e psicológicos, a intenção desta tese é incluir este campo no âmbito das ciências sociais, privilegiando uma abordagem compreensiva da dependência química, analisando-a como um fenômeno polissêmico que possui estreito vínculo com o social. Embora este trabalho não menospreze as variáveis biológicas e psicológicas do objeto, o foco desta pesquisa foi averiguar como determinadas representações sociais (pecado, crime e doença) estão associadas ao abuso de drogas e influenciam na construção social de rótulos e estigmas relacionados a esta forma de transgressão. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada, majoritariamente, em clínicas de recuperação de dependentes químicos e grupos de ajuda mútua como Alcoólicos Anônimos e Narcóticos Anônimos, utilizando metodologias qualitativas como observação participante, entrevista e grupo focal. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dependentes químicos em processo de recuperação, terapeutas, médicos, assistentes sociais, policiais e religiosos, todos envolvidos diretamente com problemas relacionados ao abuso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Constatou-se que a dependência química é cada vez mais definida como uma doença, mas trata-se de uma patologia complexa que também incorpora representações da religião, da moral e do direito penal. Também foi abordada a questão da solidariedade entre dependentes químicos, alicerçada nos pressupostos da dádiva, como recurso de recuperação e sociabilidade.
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Rivers, Jewrell. "Faith-Based Organizations and the Criminal Justice System: Perceived vs. Actual Roles in Serving Offenders, their Families and Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2018/schedule/29.
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This research assessed the perceived and actual roles of Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) in their community and in working with offenders and their families in relation to the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Additionally, the research study evaluated this issue on the local level in an attempt to ascertain whether FBOs still do what they have historically been perceived to do or whether their involvement with the CJS has shifted in any way. Particularly, the research study also examined perceptions of staff members from FBOs regarding services and support provided for families of offenders.
The sample was selected using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Group sizes ranged from 2-5 participants. A total of 14 participants interacted in the focus groups. Each focus group lasted approximately one hour. All focus groups were recorded using a digital audio recording device, and transcriptions of the focus groups were prepared.
The transcripts were prepared using a combination of edited and intelligent transcription techniques. Researchers reviewed the transcriptions for recurring themes. Twenty-four initial themes were generated. Researchers then reviewed the themes for redundancy which resulted in 10 themes being identified. The transcripts were then coded based on the 10 revised themes. These themes focused on issues related to the perceived and real roles of FBOs in relation to the Criminal Justice System. As expected, the researchers found that FBO programming difficulties and concerns (f = 65) and misperception and lack of church involvement in the lives of offenders and the CJS (f = 50) were the most recurring themes. Miscommunication and lack of connection between the CJS and community was found to be the third most recurring theme (f = 15), followed closely by lack of reunification of offenders with their families (f = 14).
Perceptions of participants such as clergy and mental health practitioners confirmed the researcher’s expectations that offenders often express deep anxiety and concern over being separated from their families. Thus, current programming efforts may reflect a lack of emphasis on services designed to rejoin offenders with their families or reintegrate them in family systems based on participants’ perceptions. Analysis of the data is ongoing. Researchers will return to the data to further discuss theme coding and to determine if additional themes emerge. All identified themes will be further assessed for inter-rater reliability.
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Hall, Jonathan A. "Geographic Factors of Residential Burglaries - A Case Study in Nashville, Tennessee." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/229.
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This study examines geographic patterns and geographic factors of residential burglary at the Nashville, TN area for a twenty year period at five year interval starting in 1988. The purpose of this study is to identify what geographic factors have impacted on residential burglary rates, and if there were changes in the geographic patterns of residential burglary over the study period. Several criminological theories guide this study, with the most prominent being Social Disorganization Theory and Routine Activities Theory. Both of these theories focus on the relationships of place and crime. A number of spatial analysis methods are hence adopted to analyze residential burglary rates at block group level for each of the study year. Spatial autocorrelation approaches, particularly Global and Local Moran's I statistics, are utilized to detect the hotspots of residential burglary. To understand the underlying geographic factors of residential burglary, both OLS and GWR regression analyses are conducted to examine the relationships between residential burglary rates and various geographic factors, such as Percentages of Minorities, Singles, Vacant Housing Units, Renter Occupied Housing Units, and Persons below Poverty Line.
The findings indicate that residential burglaries exhibit clustered patterns by forming various hotspots around the study area, especially in the central city and over time these hotspots tended to move in a northeasterly direction during the study period of 1988-2008. Overall, four of the five geographic factors under examination show positive correlations with the rate of residential burglary at block group level. Percentages of Vacant Housing Units and Persons below Poverty Line (both are indicators of neighbor economic well-being) are the strong indicators of crime, while Percentages of Minorities (ethnic heterogeneity indictor) and Renter Occupied Housing Units (residential turnover indictor) only show modest correlation in a less degree. Counter-intuitively, Percentage of Singles (another indicator of residential turnover) is in fact a deterrent of residential burglary; however, the reason for this deterrence is not entirely clear.
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Llamas, Juan C., and Robin L. Chandler. "PRACTITIONERS' VIEWS ON SERVICE NEEDS FOR JUSTICE INVOLVED YOUTH." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/493.
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The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners’ views of service needs for juveniles involved with the justice system. In the United States, every year there are thousands of youth committed to detention institutions for delinquent acts. As a result, children as young as nine years of age up until adulthood have a difficult time integrating back into the community. In many instances, youth who have been involved with the justice system have a greater likelihood of recidivism due to their inability to adapt to their environment. Further, when youth enter the system, many times they are not receiving the adequate services necessary to decrease recidivism and in turn are faced with multiple encounters with the justice system and with untreated concerns and additional needs.
This study used a qualitative design, conducting face to face interviews with ten justice involved youth practitioners. Participants were asked to explore areas such as, service utilization, recidivism rates, effectiveness of treatment, and barriers to service utilization. The results identified mental health and substance abuse treatment services as the most important needs of justice involved youth. Themes that emerged as important factors to the utilization of treatment services were meaningful relationships, parental support, and mentorship. This study found inadequacies with the process of assessing needs and services within the juvenile justice system. The results suggest a need for better treatment services and competent practitioners to reduce the likelihood of recidivism.
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Davis, Julie Lynn. "The influence of biological sex, age, work history and training on perceptions of sexual harassment." Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/537.
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This cross-sectional study investigates the perceptions of sexual harassment among 271 non-academic university personnel. The survey administered measured perceptions of sexual harassment using 17 dependent variables which assessed attitudes toward hostile work environment and quid pro quo sexual harassment. The study found that differences do exist in perceptions of sexual harassment based on biological sex of the respondents and the biological sex of the sexual harassment target. The study also found that there are significant positive correlations between perceptions of sexual harassment and the variables of age and number of years in the workforce. This study found no significant differences in perceptions of sexual harassment between those respondents who had participated in sexual harassment education and those who did not.
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Redfering, Kristie Jo. "Teacher Perceptions of Violence Prevention Approaches and Self-Efficacy: Where Do We Go from Here?" NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/29.
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This research project explored teachers’ beliefs of violence prevention approaches and self-efficacy. Relevant research indicates the value of violence prevention and conflict resolution education as well as the importance of teacher support of such programs. Theories of decision-making and self-efficacy provide the foundation for the variables that were examined through use of a survey instrument developed by Dr. K. King and Dr. T. Kandakai. Participants were sampled from two Florida school districts. Independent variables included teacher background and experience indicators including demographics and teaching/training experience. Dependent variables were comprised of multiple indicators of outcome value, efficacy expectation, and outcome expectation. MANOVAs and ANOVAs were utilized to identify relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Among the statistically significant findings a theme emerged: training history including variety of training, specific topics, and the interaction effects of combinations of training impacted perceptions of self-efficacy and outcome expectation more significantly than other demographic and background characteristics. The results suggest that the provision of a variety of training for teachers may benefit violence prevention practice by increasing perceptions of efficacy which may lead to an increase in consistent and effective utilization of various conflict resolution education programs and strategies.
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Thompson, Toni. "Community Living Integration Club for Women in Recovery from Sex Trafficking." NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/47.
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Sex trafficking is one form of human trafficking, a heinous human rights violation that transcends international borders. People who have been trafficked often present with complex neurobehavioral, psychological, emotional, physiological, sensory, and developmental difficulties. The United Nations developed the international 3 p protocol to guide governmental agencies, non-governmental groups, and individuals in developing programs and legal actions of trafficking prevention, protection, and prosecution. Protection encompasses the recovery of trafficking survivors and community integration has been identified as an essential foundation for successful recovery. Measurable components of community integration include safe housing, stable employment, and vocation-focused education. This Capstone describes the organization, implementation, and results of a six-week community integration group experience for five women in a sex trafficking residential recovery program. Key words: Human trafficking, sex trafficking, recovery, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, occupational therapy, childhood sex abuse, protection, protection, prosecution, 3P Paradigm,
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Davis, Julie Lynn. "The influence of biological sex, age, work history and training on perceptions of sexual harassment : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/537.
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This cross-sectional study investigates the perceptions of sexual harassment among 271 non-academic university personnel. The survey administered measured perceptions of sexual harassment using 17 dependent variables which assessed attitudes toward hostile work environment and quid pro quo sexual harassment. The study found that differences do exist in perceptions of sexual harassment based on biological sex of the respondents and the biological sex of the sexual harassment target. The study also found that there are significant positive correlations between perceptions of sexual harassment and the variables of age and number of years in the workforce. This study found no significant differences in perceptions of sexual harassment between those respondents who had participated in sexual harassment education and those who did not.
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Keyes, Vance DeBral. "A Thin Blue Line and the Great Black Divide: The Inter and Intra Departmental Conflict Among Black Police Officers, Their Agencies, and the Communities in which They Work Regarding Police Use of Force Perception By Black Americans in a Southwestern State." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/28.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the relationship between Black police officers, Black citizens, and their external environment using a group of 30 police officers and citizens to establish the connection between police officer race and perceptions by same race citizens within the context of police use of force. I use the term Black to be inclusive of African Americans as well as others of African descent without regard to their ethnicity or national origin. Criminal justice means system application whereas criminology is the study of criminal behavior. In America, there exists a history of volatility between the police and Black communities. While I recognize that many Blacks may have no direct interaction with police, in order to facilitate this research, I rely on a well-known and controversial topic, which is the use of police force within Black communities. The participants involved in the study are employees of one of three large municipal police agencies or enrolled in an institution of higher education within a southwestern state. All participants self-identify as Black or African American. I employ qualitative methods by incorporating in-depth interviews in my research approach. At the conclusion of the study, the two groups’ perception about race, police use of force, and policing are compared, using common themes to develop a shared phenomenon of what it means to be a Black police officer and the Black officer’s relationship with the Black community. I suggest that because Black police officers experience a racial/professional dynamic; their twin identification causes them to believe that the Black community and non-Black officers question their racial and professional loyalty. I also suggest that the perception of Black police officers and Black citizens and the degree of support they enjoy or lack within their respective departments and communities affects their disposition regarding race and policing. Typically, researchers treat police as a homogenous racial group. This study is important because Black officers are neglected within the literature on police use of force and Black citizens are seldom asked about citizen-police relations involving Black officers. In addition, this project examines how the roles of professional and racial subcultures influence perceptions.
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Vernon, Allie Harrison. "Does Money Indeed Buy Happiness? “The Forms of Capital” in Fitzgerald’s Gatsby and Watts’ No One is Coming to Save Us." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/english_theses/7.
Full textAbstract:
Looking primarily at two critically acclaimed texts that concern themselves with American citizenship—F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Stephanie Powell Watts’ No One is Coming to Save Us—I analyze the claims made about citizenship identities, rights, and consequential access to said rights. I ask, how do these narratives about citizenship sustain, create, or re-envision American myth? Similarly, how do the narratives interact with the dominant culture at large? Do any of these texts achieve oppositional value, and/or modify the complex hegemonic structure? I use Pierre Bourdieu’s “The Forms of Capital” to investigate the ways in which economic, cultural, and social capital are distributed amongst identity groups of citizens, focusing on its favorable distribution to white upper-class men. Interesting, too, is the way in which these texts relate with one another and evolve over time. As Fitzgerald reaffirms boundary rights to white upper-class social capital to longstanding wealthy white males, Watts celebrates the survival of black individuals through the hard-earned persistence of human connection. Ultimately, as Gatsby fails to repeat the past, Watts succeeds in rewriting it.
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Edmundson, Joshua R. "THE ONE EXHIBITION THE ROOTS OF THE LGBT EQUALITY MOVEMENT ONE MAGAZINE & THE FIRST GAY SUPREME COURT CASE IN U.S. HISTORY 1943-1958." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/399.
Full textAbstract:
The ONE Exhibition explores an era in American history marked by intense government sponsored anti-gay persecution and the genesis of the LGBT equality movement. The study begins during World War II, continues through the McCarthy era and the founding of the nation’s first gay magazine, and ends in 1958 with the first gay Supreme Court case in U.S. history.
Central to the story is ONE The Homosexual Magazine, and its founders, as they embarked on a quest for LGBT equality by establishing the first ongoing nationwide forum for gay people in the U.S., and challenged the government’s right to engage in and encourage hateful and discriminatory practices against the LGBT community. Then, when the magazine was banned by the Post Office, the editors and staff took the federal government to court. As such, ONE, Incorporated v. Olesen became the first Supreme Court case in U.S. history that featured the taboo subject of homosexuality, and secured the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech for the gay press. Thus, ONE magazine and its founders were an integral part of a small group of activists who established the foundations of the modern LGBT equality movement.
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Piquette, Jenny C. "Exploring the Effects of Friendship on Risky Sexual Behavior: A Look at Female Gang Members." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1148.
Full textAbstract:
Gang membership is associated with increased exposure to risky behaviors, including violent victimization and other negative health outcomes (Krohn and Thornberry 2008; Howell and Decker 1999) Using a sample of 74 African American female gang members from Champaign IL, this study explores the association between gang friendships and risky sexual behavior, specifically the number of sexual partners an individual has had. I argue that gang friendship networks are proxies for risky behavior and this may extend into the realm of sexual health as well. Understanding the effect of friendship may help to explain an individual’s propensities towards risky sexual behavior above and beyond individual level attributes, as friendship has been linked to peer influence. I will examine three main research questions. (1) What is the broad effect of friendship on sexual risk taking among female gang members? (2) How does gang affiliation alter the effect of friendship? and (3) How does the effect of friendship differ based on the strength of the tie? Findings suggest that friendship networks have a strong prediction effect on number of sexual partners amongst gang women in my sample, but varies based on type of friendship and strength of tie. Results suggest that affiliated gang friends increase the likelihood of having more sexual partners, whereas non-affiliated and non-gang friends decrease this likelihood. When disaggregated, the strength of the relationship is significant.
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LU, PEI-CHI, and 呂珮琪. "Social Control, Impulsivity, Deviant Peer and Adolescent Deviant Behavior." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/akn88j.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
106
This study attempted to integrate the social control theory, low self-control theory and the differential association theory, and explore how impulsivity, deviant peer and social control would directly affect adolescent deviant behavior, and to explore whether deviant peer was the mediator between impulsivity and adolescent deviant behavior, and to find whether social control could moderate the relationship between impulsivity, deviant peer and adolescent deviant behavior. This study used data from the Community Intervention in Youth Violence and Sexual Assault in Taichung Area. Path analysis was used to explore the relationship between impulsivity, deviant peer, social control and adolescent deviant behavior. The results showed that both impulsivity and deviant peer can directly predict more deviant behaviors among adolescents, while social control can directly predict less deviant behaviors among adolescents. Deviant peer was the mediator between impulsivity and adolescent deviant behavior. Social control was the moderator between deviant peer and the adolescent deviant behavior. However, social control could not moderate both the relationship between impulsivity and adolescent deviant behavior, as well as the relationship between the impulsiveness and deviant peer. According to the result from this study, researcher provided a few suggestions for the prevention of adolescent deviant behavior and the future study.
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Shu-Hua, Chang, and 張書華. "Family and school on social control of juveniles’ deviant behavior." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77120015647562335874.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
社會學系
104
“Symbolic Interactionism” thinks that self is the production of the interaction of symbols, and the social self makes people be controlled by social groups and influence people’s behavior. “Social control theory” indicates that good social bond is the major factor that juveniles restrain deviant behaviors from occurring. The research tries to combine symbolic interactionism and insufficient social control to indicate that external environment (include family intimacy, relationship between teachers and students, and deviant behaviors among peers) and internal environment (self-concept) are the important factors to predict juveniles’ deviant behaviors. The purpose of this research is to test the path model of external environment (family intimacy and relationship between teachers and students) and juveniles’ deviant behaviors with self- concept and deviant behaviors among peers as the intermediary variable. The sample is from Taiwan Youth Project 2000, the first wave which is hosted by professor Chin-Chun Yi. It collected 1,428 boys of ninth grade from 16 junior high school from Taipei city, 15 from New Taipei city, and 9 from Yilan county. The result shows that family intimacy and relationship between teachers and students with self-concept and deviant behaviors among peers as the intermediary variable will indirectly influence juvenile’s deviant behaviors. Besides, self-concept and deviant behaviors among peers play important part in juveniles’ deviant behaviors and this result meets the hypothesis of this research. In conclusion, it is suggested that to prevent juveniles’ deviant behaviors, family should first emphasize the relationship and atmosphere in family. Then make close connection between school and neighborhood. And schools should put more emphasis on establishing correct students’ interaction and listen to the advices of students.
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Dai-Wai, Lin, and 林大為. "Social bond and juvenile deviant behavior-the examination of Hirschi's social control theory." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64082172053545971285.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
社會學系
94
The main purpose is to examine applicability of the concept of social bonds in Hirschi's Social Control Theory to deviant behavior of Taipei youth. Data are from Professor Wu Chi-In's project "The Causes of Teenagers' Drug Abuse:A Social Study Model." The results show that each kind of social bond has significant effect on deviant behavior. The main hypotheses of Hirschi's Social Control Theory are supported in the study.Thus, strengthening single social bond （e.g.:attachment to parents）will reduce deviant behavior of high school students in Taipei. In addition,the attachment to peers and belief have larger effect when all other social bond variables are controlled.So, being cautious in selecting peers, correcting value,and strengthening traditional norms and law can dilute the possibility of juvenile deviant behavior.