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1
Patel, Pravin J. "Declining Social Control and the Rising Deviant Behaviour in India." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022919899000.
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Crime rates are increasing across the Indian society. Normally, such crimes are attributed to two broad categories of factors: (a) psychological factors like individual or mob fury and (b) administrative factors like the failure of law and order machinery. These explanations, however, do not account for the increasing rates of such demeaning instances. This article, attempting to explain the increasing crime rates, focuses on the social control theory. The main argument of the article is that the rapidly declining informal social control causes the phenomenal rise of decadent behaviour in the contemporary Indian society. Due to modernising forces, traditional social institutions and structures such as family, kinship, caste system and village community have become weak. As a result, the traditional informal social control based on shame has gradually diminished. And the sense of guilt, the functional alternative to shame, as an informal mechanism of social control, has not yet been fully institutionalised. This seems to be the major factor giving rise to widespread deviant behaviour in India. Although formal mechanisms of social control like police and judiciary do exist, they cannot be very effective without being reinforced with the informal social control.
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Mowen, Thomas J., and John H. Boman. "The Relationship Between Supportive Friendships, Conflictual Friendships, and Deviance During Emerging Adulthood." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 10 (November 3, 2017): 1351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717738232.
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As deviant behavior is increasing during emerging adulthood and friends are a driving force behind deviance, the goal of this study is to explore the relationships between friend support, conflict, and crime. Using a large sample of friendship pairs and developmental interpretations of social control and differential association theories, a series of mixed models are estimated, which investigate the roles of support, conflict, and peer deviance on an individual’s self-reported property crime. Results demonstrate that high levels of support and conflict relate to less offending in both independent and interdependent ways. However, neither social control nor differential association can provide a clear explanation to these findings, even though support and conflict clearly seem important for offending during emerging adulthood.
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Morris, Robert G., Jurg Gerber, and Scott Menard. "Social Bonds, Self-Control, and Adult Criminality." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 6 (March 23, 2011): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811402453.
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Recent modifications to self-control theory suggest that influential factors (bonds) equate to self-control in the calculation of whether or not to engage in deviant behavior. Hirschi argued that self-control should fare better as a theory when it is operationalized as the number and salience of an individual’s social bonds, rather than as a cognitive scale, or count of previous acts, as suggested by the original theory. This study extends the control theory literature by assessing the impact of redefined self-control, as well as attitudinal self-control, on adult criminal behavior. Data analyzed were from Waves 10 and 11 of the National Youth Survey Family Study. Findings suggest that both forms of self-control (new and old) are equivalently predictive of adult crime, yet it is unlikely that they are capturing the same phenomenon during adulthood. Implications for control theory are discussed.
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Al ibrahimy, Abdulrahman Khaled. "Informal Methods of Social Control in Society, Their Types and Their Effectiveness in Reducing Crime." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 25 (May 5, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.253.
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The means and methods of social control are the tools used and used in maintaining the stability, stability, permanence, progression, progress, and development of the social system and society more fully, and the social system is exposed to many dangers and challenges that it faces, which result from defects and bad relationships. And human dealings, disruption of social behavior, and the transformation of structural institutions is a heterogeneous transformation that negatively affects the march of society, and the dangers and challenges that threaten the security and safety of society transcend themselves in unbridled and unbridled practices and actions, deviant actions, trends, and twisted currents. And the wire is straightforward that deviates from the correct behavioral and interactive context, which is recognized and recognized by society, accepted and tolerated by customs and traditions, and in our research, we will present informal methods of social control in society and we will learn about their effectiveness in reducing crime.
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De Li, Spencer. "Race, Self-Control, and Drug Problems among Jail Inmates." Journal of Drug Issues 35, no. 4 (October 2005): 645–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500401.
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The main objectives of this study are to test racial differences in self-control and race-specific effects of self-control on drug-related problems. On the basis of prior research, it is hypothesized that both self-control and its effect on drug-related behavioral problems vary by race. Data collected from White, Black, and Hispanic inmates incarcerated in five local jails in the greater Philadelphia area were used to test these hypotheses. The results indicate significant racial differences in levels of self-control. However, the impact of self-control on drug problems did not differ significantly among the three racial groups. Overall, the findings support the argument of the general theory of crime that self-control maintains a constant and positive effect on deviant and criminal behavior across racial groups.
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Obinyan, Evaristus, Charles O. Ochie, and Patrick Ik Ibe. "Delinquency as the Failure of Adults and the Village to Exercise Their Moral Strength." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss10.2708.
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This paper examines multiple relationships among several concepts to determine common causes to delinquency and to suggest intelligence-based alternative to resolve this public health hazard. Juvenile crime has become a public health hazard because the regularity, brutality and impunity by which juveniles commit their crimes these days is indescribable and their state of mind is “unplaced”. Delinquency may be defined as the behavior consequent to the failure of adults and the village to exercise their moral superiority and integrity to produce behavior that conforms to standards set as norms with some degree of consistency in a society to which legal sanctions are leveled (Obinyan, E. 2011). Adult's moral superiority may be defined as the ability to recognize the differences between acceptable and unacceptable behavior….Adult's moral integrity may be defined as the ability of individual adults to refrain from unacceptable behavior and to communicate to youths through example, conventional acceptable behavior (Obinyan, 2011).Village moral superiority entails the ability of each group, community or the society at large to establish norms that are consistent with cultural values. Village moral integrity entails the ability of the village as a whole to uphold, reinforce, and consistently demonstrate and communicate the sanctity of these cultural norms. Moral strength, therefore is the combined effect of the village and adult’s moral superiority and integrity (Obinyan). Children and youth social contexts are important contributors of problem behavior (Dishion, Forgatch, VanRyzin, & Winter, 2012; Dodge, 1983). In deviant peer groups, it is common for youth to engage in deviancy training wherein deviant behaviors are reinforced such that discussion of rule-breaking behavior is linked with a positive consequence (e.g., affirmation; Dishion, Spracklen, Andrews, & Patterson, 1996). Youth association with deviant peers is associated with many problematic outcomes (e.g., drug use, violence; Dishion, Eddy, Haas, Li, & Spracklen, 1997; Dision, Capaldi, Spracklen, & Li, 1995; Dishion & Patterson, 2006).Delinquency results when there is a relative absence of adult and village action, such as lack of moral integrity and respect for societal norms, a breakdown of unofficial social control and adult and the village inability to agree on the definition of what behavior may be regarded as delinquent. This is why delinquency may be seen as a function of the type of relationships between adults and the village, and their perception of and attitude toward delinquency. For a particular person however, the definition of delinquency may depend greatly upon their cultural background and the inability of the adult and the village to properly use their moral superiority and integrity to impact on all members of their communities. In most cases, the relative weakness of adult and village moral strength should account for the delinquent behavior. When delinquent recidivism becomes a problem and a continuation of delinquent behavior is consistent and intensifies, we would expect that the steam or vitality of adult and village moral strength (moral superiority and integrity) has been let out.
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Zureik, Elia. "Crime, Justice, And Underdevelopment: The Palestinians Under Israeli Control." International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, no. 4 (November 1988): 411–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800053836.
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Orthodox theories of crime in the Third World and in regions of uneven economic development offer a unilinear explanation of the relationship between economic development and increased crime rates. Simply stated, this Durkheimian position views the transition from traditional to modern society as being associated with the weakening of mechanical forms of solidarity and the emergence of secular and impersonal role structures based on a complex division of labor. Universalistic and achievement criteria replace ascriptive and particularistic values, and deviance-derived social control models based on formalized coercive sanctions substitute for traditional and community-based forms of control. Anomic behavior, frustration of expectations, and norm violation are considered an expected, if transitory, outcome of social change, and are explained on the basis of a clash between modern and traditional value systems.
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Kabiri, Saeed, Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat, and Christopher M. Donner. "Examining the Effect of Ineffective Parenting and Low Self-Control on Athletes’ PED Use." International Criminal Justice Review 30, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567719832354.
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The prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use at different levels of professional sport has become an important social issue, particularly when considering recent high-profile incidents from professional sports and the Olympics. Due to the myriad of individual, team, and sociopolitical consequences that can stem from PED use, it becomes critical to study the etiology of PED involvement among athletes regarding this deviant behavior. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime is one such theory that may aid in explaining this phenomenon. As such, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between effective parenting, self-control, and athletes’ use of banned PEDs. Survey data from 784 professional athletes in Iran were collected, and the findings indicated that ineffective parenting, low self-control capacity, and self-control desire had significant effects on PED use. In addition, moderation effects and gender analyses were examined. Specific findings, policy implications, and study limitations are discussed.
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Piatkowski, Daniel P., Wesley Marshall, and Aaron S. Johnson. "Bicycle Backlash: Qualitative Examination of Aggressive Driver–Bicyclist Interactions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2662, no. 1 (January 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2662-03.
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This research investigated aggressive driver–bicyclist interactions. Individuals who identified themselves as both a driver and a bicyclist were asked about their behavior when they encountered a bicyclist on the road while they were driving a car. Open-ended survey responses were analyzed from individuals who reported a propensity for driving too closely to a bicyclist who they felt was not staying to the side of the road. The data were drawn from a snowball-sampled, online survey specifically targeted to elicit responses about rare (i.e., deviant or illegal) behaviors. Little research exists on why individuals would choose to intimidate a bicyclist while they were driving. Applicable theories from sociology and behavioral economics (i.e., theories of crime as social control and as altruistic punishment) were drawn on in this study to help understand why individuals might do so. This paper argues that aggressive driving behavior directed at bicyclists in the sample population could be characterized with two general themes: “teaching them a lesson” and “they had it coming.” In both cases, individuals deflected the blame for their aggressive behavior away from themselves. Instead, they cast themselves as serving a social good by teaching bicyclists how they should behave or by punishing bicyclists for behaving in ways with which the drivers disagreed. The study reported here was an initial step in an effort to identify testable hypotheses through qualitative methods to explain such behaviors and eventually to mitigate them. The intent is to inform actionable directions to address dangerous on-street interactions that act as barriers to a safe transportation system that accommodates all users.
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Markina, Anna, and Jüri Saar. "Dear reader,." Juridica International 25 (November 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2017.25.00.
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The 29th Baltic Criminological Seminar, organised by the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu, took place in Tallinn on 16–18 June 2016. This year, the seminar celebrates its 30th year, continuing a tradition begun in 1987 by what was then the Laboratory of the Sociology of Deviant Behaviour at the University of Tartu. The series of annual criminological seminars was initiated by our close colleague Dr Eduard Raska (1944–2008), who was director of the laboratory at that time. Originally, the event brought together social scientists from the Baltic States, Saint Petersburg, and Moscow in efforts to create an alternative, even competing, paradigm to that of Soviet orthodox criminology. Later, the seminar expanded in scope, and it now draws international participants from not only the Baltic region but all over the world. The Baltic Criminological Seminar has become a scientific enterprise that is highly valued by specialists in the field of crime research and control as an arena for presentation of novel ideas and approaches. The title of this year’s seminar and collection of papers, ‘Crime, Culture, and Social Control’, was not chosen arbitrarily. Amidst globalisation and cross-cultural exposure, new forms of crime are emerging that require new means of control. Furthermore, criminology should be able to identify and monitor the social changes, in order to find alternatives to today’s dominant, West-centred approaches. Thirdly, in addition to following this ‘cultural turn’, responsible criminology must deal with new social dangers and harms that are emerging from combinations of criminality, psychopathology, and economic and military factors. Thereby, the ways of the past – positivistic precise categorisation of forms of deviance and their study – can be replaced with a holistic approach that brings synthesis. The articles in this volume of Juridica International address developments and tendencies in crime and crime control in various countries. Some articles offer theoretical investigation of the above-mentioned problems; others present results of empirical research. Most of the journal articles elaborate upon material presented at the seminar, in addition to which there are some authors who could not attend the seminar but were able to contribute to this issue. We would like to thank all the authors and those reviewing and language-editing the articles for their work, which has resulted in a publication of high scientific quality. Finally, we are very thankful to the university’s Faculty of Social Science and School of Law for their financial support for organising the seminar and publishing this volume. The seminar and this issue of Juridica International are further proof, should any be needed, that the University of Tartu is an excellent place for holding international scientific events and meetings for the exchange of ideas and experience in the field of crime control. The tradition of the Baltic Criminological Seminar has stood the test of time, weathering the many changes that the region has experienced over the last 30 years. It is clear that analysis of crime that knows no borders requires ongoing in-depth international scientific co-operation, and with the current issue we aspire to respond to this need.
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Shong, Tai Soo, Siti Hajar Abu Bakar, and M. Rezaul Islam. "Poverty and delinquency: A qualitative study on selected juvenile offenders in Malaysia." International Social Work 62, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 965–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818756172.
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This qualitative case study explored the voices of juvenile offenders in Malaysia who were plagued with poverty, and brought to light their plight. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of poverty on the delinquent character and behavioural development of the children on three major crime-enhancing themes – miserable family conditions, school failure and association with deviant peers – to get a broader view of how poverty could influence their life trajectory. The purposive maximum variation sampling method was used in the selection of six young offenders between the ages of 13 and 17 years from Sekolah Tunas Bakti Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A multiple data collection method that included observation, in-depth case study and document analysis was used for data collection. Results showed that three major crime-enhancing themes due to poverty were strongly related to children’s delinquent character and behavioural development. The knowledge gained from this study will further contribute to understanding the real-life experiences of juvenile offenders, particularly those who are experiencing extreme deprivation, and it is hoped that the insight gained could help in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquent behaviour in Malaysia.
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Marcum, Catherine D., George E. Higgins, Melissa L. Ricketts, and Scott E. Wolfe. "Becoming someone new: identity theft behaviors by high school students." Journal of Financial Crime 22, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2013-0056.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the gap in the literature by investigating the identity theft behaviors of adolescents under the age of 18 and the predictors of these behaviors. To better understand the predictors of hacking behaviors in young people, two criminological theories, general theory of crime and social learning theory, are utilized. Design/methodology/approach – A rural county in western North Carolina was chosen to participate in the study. Principals of four high schools in this county agreed to participate. All 9th through 12th graders were recruited for the study. Those who were given parental permission to participate and gave their own assent were given a survey. Findings – Results indicated that low self-control and deviant peer association were in fact associated with identity theft behaviors of juveniles. Originality/value – The literature is scant, if even existent, on research that investigates the identity theft offending behaviors of juveniles.
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Oleinik, Anton. "The Social Life of Illegal Drug Users in Prison: A Comparative Perspective." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, no. 2 (2013): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21022026.
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Different degrees of criminalization of illegal drug use influence the overall composition of prison populations across countries. Individuals convicted of illegal drug-related crimes represent a significant part of the prison population in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. These convicts are not a part of the traditional criminal milieu, but a product of the perception of certain acts as crimes in particular contexts (e.g., an increasing social distance, the state’s control over potentially dangerous groups, etc.). The experience of incarceration might cause important changes in their life after release. The idea that prison contributes to the interiorization of criminal norms rather than preventing deviant behavior in the future seems especially fruitful in regard to illegal drug users. Elements of prison subculture are described on the basis of an empirical research conducted in 1996-2003 in Russian prisons (N = 769 (49 of these were convicted in relation to illegal drugs) in 2000-2001; and N = 214 (24) in 2003). The social organization of everyday life of inmates convicted of drug-related offences in Russia, Kazakhstan (N = 396 (76) in 2001) and Ukraine (N = 208 (26) in 2003) is compared with that of other convicts to test the hypothesis about the lack of significant differences between the two groups.
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Святненко, І. O. "Gender xenophobia: candidate gender behavior in a love and preliminary period." Grani 22, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/171935.
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The article is devoted to the study of scenarios of gender behavior in situations of violence, gender patterns of friendship / maintenance of horizontal relations after marriage by representatives of men and women, tolerance / intolerance towards minority gender representatives, gender maturity / separation and heterophobia in marriage and gender legitimization of male friendship and women. This topic is relevant in the context of the study of gender hierarchies and latent discriminatory practices regarding men in matriarchal gender culture. The subject matter of the article is actualized, first and foremost, in connection with the social consequences of applying double standards of evaluation and violations of gender justice and equality arising from gender racism. The attitude of men and women in Ukraine to the gender standards of friendship with representatives of the sexes, as well as the attitude towards minority gender representatives, can be generalized using the concept of gender xenophobia. This concept allows you to analyze the empirical research of women’s ambitions regarding male friendship (as well as the slight discovery of the relevant crimes and expectations of men about women’s friendship) in the context of understanding gender identity. The functional link between gender xenophobia and gender identity is considered in the visual analysis and sociology of visual symbolism, taking into account the following key ideas: a) xenophobia sets the bias of women’s gender consciousness on the basis of the opposition «we-them», «theirs-aliens», using distrust, fear , hatred of «strangers» as the basis of group communication, integration and consolidation of actions for the implementation of group gender repression against men; b) the essential characteristics of matriarchal gender xenophobia are binary oppositions in the design of gender relations (high / low, significant / insignificant, etc.) and the structural evaluation of feminized men as «their», and masculinized men and representatives of minority gender groups - as «strangers»; c) the negative attitude of masculinized men and representatives of minority gender groups to «strangers» is significantly higher (by comparison with the male part of the sample) from the part of the female respondents; The basis of gender xenophobia, both for men and women, can be the affections of fear, anger, disgust, contempt, and envy; d) hostility towards masculinized men and representatives of minority gender groups as «alien» can be manifested in various hidden-aggressive actions towards identified «alien» not only in situations of real deviant behavior, but also in its absence; e) Generation of negative social feelings of women towards men can be caused by any situation of male friendship, which is automatically stigmatized as latent-homosexual and requiring control, mediation and regulation by women; e) the corresponding stereotypes of deviance of male friendship in the Ukrainian gender culture can be applied in the process of gender socialization by inducing homophobia to men who, on the basis of the suggestion of fear, disgust, shame, turn into the actual identification of male friendly relations as deviant (or questionable, normal), and women’s friendly relations - both natural and legitimized in gender morals; g) hostility towards manhood as an identified «alien» is constructed with the help of social morality, gender mythology, religion and part of scientific or quasi-scientific ideas.
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DellaVigna, Stefano. "Psychology and Economics: Evidence from the Field." Journal of Economic Literature 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 315–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.47.2.315.
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The research in Psychology and Economics (a.k.a. Behavioral Economics) suggests that individuals deviate from the standard model in three respects: (1) nonstandard preferences, (2) nonstandard beliefs, and (3) nonstandard decision making. In this paper, I survey the empirical evidence from the field on these three classes of deviations. The evidence covers a number of applications, from consumption to finance, from crime to voting, from charitable giving to labor supply. In the class of nonstandard preferences, I discuss time preferences (self-control problems), risk preferences (reference dependence), and social preferences. On nonstandard beliefs, I present evidence on overconfidence, on the law of small numbers, and on projection bias. Regarding nonstandard decision making, I cover framing, limited attention, menu effects, persuasion and social pressure, and emotions. I also present evidence on how rational actors—firms, employers, CEOs, investors, and politicians—respond to the nonstandard behavior described in the survey. Finally, I briefly discuss under what conditions experience and market interactions limit the impact of the nonstandard features.
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Nesterov, Artyom Y. "ESSENCE AND FEATURES OF THE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY OF THE MARGINAL ADOLESCENT: MODERN CONDITION AND TRENDS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.149.
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. The article presents the main problems of the theory and practice of criminal activity in the modern teenage environment. The statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of criminal offenses committed from 2003 to the present period by juvenile offenders are given [as of June 1, 2020]. The author analyzes the features of the criminal youth subculture. Typologization is carried out according to the types of youth informal groups. The main causes of juvenile delinquency are identified and justified. Spectral analysis is carried out for these reasons (motives). The factors provoking crime in a teenage environment are determined. The author revealed that one of the negative conditions for the formation of delinquent and deviant behavior of adolescents is the early start of work. At present, adolescents from 14 years old are going through a process of socialization and familiarization with work in the conditions of transformation of socio-economic, political, sanctions relations. The transformation in Russia led to the use of various illegal forms, in particular related to the involvement of street children (10-15 years old and 16-18 years old) in the criminal business. The author determines that juvenile delinquency is primarily determined by the characteristics of the personality of the offender. The main thing in its consideration was the minority of the offender. Certain biological, psychological and mental changes in the structure of the personality are associated with it. Age determines a certain level of development of forces, intelligence, drives, and even the “physical” ability to commit certain crimes. Also, the author of the article determined that the process of socialization of an individual begins at an early age, when he begins to assimilate the roles that form his personal qualities. It is in childhood that any person is formed as a social being, he develops intelligence, the ability to analyze and generalize the surrounding phenomena, the ability to anticipate the possible consequences of his actions; such volitional qualities as perseverance, determination, self-control, activity, initiative are developed; self-awareness, self-esteem, desire for independence are formed. All this is closely related to the subsequent behavior of the personality of a minor offender. The author interprets such a basic concept as “criminal youth subculture”. The regional statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on offenses as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia is given. All materials presented in the article do not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
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Marković, Mirjana, and Miloš Lakićević. "Family circumstances and relationships as a factor of children crime behavior." Sinteze, no. 17 (2020): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sinteze9-24202.
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Statistics show that crime rates are rising globally. Not a single period of the development of human society was spared from the pathological phenomena and deviant behavior, nor even the modern era, where an explosion of various forms of deviant behavior can actually be noticed. What are the conditions and causes that have led to such global trends? In this paper, family circumstances and relationships will be analyzed as a crime factor. We will see what the universal and unchanged characteristics of the family are, how it affects the socialization, cultivation and individualization of children. In one systematic way, we will try to respond to the universal issues of family influence on its members. What are the interactive relationships between family members? How the functional and dysfunctional families affect their members? If and how can a family create a favorable climate for deviant behavior and how to avoid the multiplication of pathological phenomena in dysfunctional families? How youth and juvenile delinquency can be connected? All these are questions that we will try to give an answer to, although this answer is unlikely to be one-dimensional, since the family is a complex social group, with a complex mechanism of action.
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Mushtaq, Muhammad Arqam, Muhammad Idrees, and Muhammad Roman. "Assessing the Implications of Deviant Behavior on Society in Central Punjab Pakistan." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 8, no. 4 (February 24, 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v8i4.2061.
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The present study has been designed to assess Implication of deviant behavior among in Central Punjab Pakistan. Generally, crime is treated as the unexpected behavior of an individual which goes against the law. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of crime in society. In Pakistan, lower socio-economic status holders are involved in crimes as well as high socio-economic holders are also involved, hence they want to accumulate more wealth through illegal ways. Crime affects the state in social, economic and psychological terms. The present study was conducted in central Punjab. A sample of 300 respondents was selected by using convenient sampling technique from the one selected district of the central Punjab. Moreover, data was with the help of a well-designed interview schedule. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS. On the bases on finding it was concluded that there are number of socio-economic and psychological factors that created problems in state and become hurdle in the sustainable development of Pakistan and this problem badly damage the whole sphere of the society. Some policy measure and recommendations was also proposed by the study to cope with this problem.
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Kucherenko, P. A., D. G. Korovyakovsky, N. V. Antonova, N. M. Khromova, and E. V. Maistrovich. "Volunteerism as a Tool for Preventing Deviant Behavior in Adolescents." Psychology and Law 10, no. 2 (2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2020100205.
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This article is devoted to the prevention of deviant behavior through volunteer activities. The growing number of children in a socially dangerous situation, the deterioration of their physical and mental health, social orphanhood, early crime, the use of alcohol and drugs by children and adolescents - this is the series of problems that exist in modern Russia and is related to the social life of children and adolescents. In this regard, the search for new methods of working with children and adolescents to correct their deviations and improve the quality of their life becomes especially relevant. The volunteer movement has a high educational potential and can be effectively adapted to work with children and adolescents. The authors consider the activities of specific volunteer organizations to attract children and adolescents to the volunteer environment in order to prevent deviant behavior. The article analyzes the possibilities from participation in volunteer movements, as well as voluntary associations of children and adolescents with behavioral problems.
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Bun, Maurice J. G., Richard Kelaher, Vasilis Sarafidis, and Don Weatherburn. "Crime, deterrence and punishment revisited." Empirical Economics 59, no. 5 (September 10, 2019): 2303–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01758-6.
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Abstract Despite an abundance of empirical evidence on crime spanning over 40 years, there exists no consensus on the impact of the criminal justice system on crime activity. We construct a new panel data set that contains all relevant variables prescribed by economic theory. Our identification strategy allows for a feedback relationship between crime and deterrence variables, and it controls for omitted variables and measurement error. We deviate from the majority of the literature in that we specify a dynamic model, which captures the essential feature of habit formation and persistence in aggregate behaviour. Our results show that the criminal justice system exerts a large influence on crime activity. Increasing the risk of apprehension and conviction is more influential in reducing crime than raising the expected severity of punishment.
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Herranz de Rafael, Gonzalo, and Juan Fernández-Prados. "Subterranean Values and Deviance: An Empirical Investigation of the Case of Spain." Social Sciences 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090149.
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This study examines value similarities between deviant youth on the one hand and mainstream society on the other rather than value differences. The classic sociological research on deviance by Matza and Sykes supports this approach, given that their investigations focused more on similarities between subterranean values and the values of normal society. The General Social Survey of Spain (2016) includes 17 indicators for deviant behavior, which is the dependent variable. Likewise, it is used to define social capital and the rest of the different independent variables of the analysis. In conclusion, whereas social capital and social values were absent as causes of juvenile delinquency, the following variables explained significantly the deviant behavior among Spanish youth: tolerance towards deviance, adolescent experience, and sex. This suggests that there are at least two possible keys to improve or avoid the problem of juvenile crime: prevention or awareness programmes and new critical feminist criminology point of view.
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Mocan, H. Naci, and Hope Corman. "An Economic Analysis of Drug Use and Crime." Journal of Drug Issues 28, no. 3 (July 1998): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269802800303.
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This paper aims to demonstrate how economists approach the investigation of the relationship between drug use and criminal activity. The economic model of crime does not treat criminal activity as deviant behavior, but it considers it as a reaction of individuals to prices and incentives. Drug use has a place in this framework because, in addition to a potential pharmaceutical effect, drug use may affect criminal behavior because of the interaction between drug prices, drug consumption and drug profits. The paper presents statistical problems in uncovering causal relationships between crime and its determinants.
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Cihan, Abdullah, and Charles R. Tittle. "Self-Control, Sanction Threats, Temptation, and Crime: Examining Contingencies of Self-Control in a Cross-National Context." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (January 16, 2019): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718824939.
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Using a representative household survey data, we examine the generality of self-control, the predictive strengths of sanction threats, and the interaction between criminal propensity and sanction threats in explaining criminal probability. Although the data confirm the generality of self-control predictions of deviant/criminal behavior in the Turkish cultural context, the effects appear quite modest and contingent on fear of informal sanctions and temptation. Consistent with the findings of recent studies, a small interaction between self-control and sanction threats suggests that deterrence is greatest among individuals with weak self-control. However, there is no interaction between sanction threats and temptation, suggesting that sanction fear is equally likely among individuals regardless of their level of temptation.
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Choi, Jaeyong, and Nathan E. Kruis. "Low Self-Control, Substance-Using Peers and Intimate Partners, Pro-Drug Use Definitions, and Inhalant Use Among Convicted Offenders in South Korea." Journal of Drug Issues 51, no. 1 (September 27, 2020): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620961351.
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Hirschi has repeatedly argued that the relationship between social learning variables and crime is a product of “self-selection” driven by low self-control (LSC). Akers’ has suggested that social learning mechanisms, such as affiliations with deviant individuals and acceptance of criminal definitions, can mediate the effects of LSC on crime. Interestingly, there has been little comparative work done to explore this mediation hypothesis in the realm of substance use for offender populations outside of the United States. This study helps fill these gaps in the literature by exploring the potential mediation effects of social learning variables on the relationship between LSC and inhalant use among a sample of 739 male offenders in South Korea. Our results provide strong support for the mediation hypothesis that LSC indirectly influences self-reported inhalant use through social learning mechanisms.
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Nofziger, Stacey, and Taylor Johnson. "Revisiting the Concept of Stability in the General Theory of Crime." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 6-7 (November 26, 2019): 739–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719890264.
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The general theory proposes that self-control exerts a relatively stable effect on behaviors across the life course. Most studies have examined the stability of self-control itself, rather than whether it leads to persistent patterns of offending that differ between low and high self-control groups. This article examines this alternative idea of stability by tracing patterns of offending over time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—Child and Young Adult Data, we find that the level of childhood self-control predicts deviance in every age group. The patterns of offending indicate there are stable differences, with low self-control leading to involvement in a greater range of deviant behavior at every age. The theoretical and policy implications of this stability are discussed.
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Pereira, Aline Fabiana Campos. "Deviant heroes: an analysis of strategies of social control towards defenders of people on the move in Hungary." REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 28, no. 58 (April 2020): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880005803.
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Abstract Historically, icons of social movements were treated as outcasts by established structures of social control. When activists break unjust rules to promote human rights, their noble causes do not seem to fit the commonsensical frame of ‘the deviant’, which brings up some questions. When they infringe norms to promote rights, how are activists inserted in the crime framework? How do people perceive their actions and why? This article aims to address these questions, by using the case study of migrant human rights defenders in Hungary. It navigates phenomena such as stigmatisation and criminalisation, and presents positive deviance, supranormality and functional stigmatisation as alternatives to traditional perspectives.
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Карандашев, Глеб Владимирович. "SOCIOCULTURAL FEATURES OF FEMALE DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN RUSSIA IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES: CRIME AND ALCOHOLISM." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: История, no. 1(57) (May 21, 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vthistory/2021.1.005-018.
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В статье рассматриваются различные формы женского отклоняющегося поведения в конце XIX - начале XX в. Автор уделяет особое внимание изучению взаимосвязи женской преступности и алкоголизации. Подчёркивается, что уровень женской преступности и её динамика были связаны с социально-экономическим и политическим положением женщины в социуме. С конца XIX в., по мере сближения условий жизни полов в условиях развивавшихся процессов капиталистического развития, женская преступность приближалась к мужской, фабричные работницы стали новым обширным классом потребителей алкоголя стали. Делается вывод, что наиболее болезненно последствия женского пьянства проявлялись на низших ступенях социальной лестницы, а преступность, проституция, психические и венерические заболевания зачастую сопутствовали этому явлению. The article examines various forms of female deviant behavior in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The author pays special attention to the study of the relationship between female crime and alcoholism. It is emphasized that the level of female crime and its dynamics were associated with the socioeconomic and political status of women in society. From the end of the 19th century, as the living conditions of the sexes approached in the conditions of the developing processes of capitalist development, female crime approached male, factory workers became a new vast class of alcohol consumers. The author concludes that the most painful consequences of female drunkenness were manifested at the lower rungs of the social ladder, and crime, prostitution, mental and venereal diseases often accompanied this phenomenon.
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Daramola, Ayodeji, and Gbolahan S. Osho. "The Relevance of the Social Control Theory in Explaining Crime among African American Families." Journal of Sociological Research 8, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v8i1.10729.
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Today, criminologists, especially, Black criminologists, are thoroughly perplexed by the same problem of disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) most especially of Blacks in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Are African Americans more criminally minded than other races or ethnic groups? Do African Americans actually commit more crimes than others? These are the questions that the different deviant theories have tried to answer. The concept of social bonding arose from social control theory, which suggests that attachment to family and school, commitment to conventional pathways of achievements and beliefs in the legitimacy of social order are primary and important elements of establishing a social bond (Hirschi, 1969). In expounding his social control theory, Hirschi listed the elements of the bond as attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Does it mean that African Americans commit more crimes than other racial and ethnic groups? Or are African Americans genetically wired to be criminogenic? Is the society or the environment to blame for the perceived higher rate of crime among African Americans? Or are the criminal justice system, the judicial system, and the juvenile justice system, all together racially biased against Blacks, especially, Black males? Even though Hirschi (1969) did not mention attachment to religious beliefs as part of social control, but for the African American families, the church could play a significant role in helping to cement the bond of adolescents to their families. Any study of the African American family is not complete without the church. According to Work (1900), in all social study of the Negro, the church must be considered, for it is one of the greatest factors in his social life.
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Kuo, Shih-Ya, Steven J. Cuvelier, Chuen-Jim Sheu, and Kuang-Ming Chang. "Crime reporting behavior and Black’s Behavior of Law." International Sociology 27, no. 1 (November 18, 2011): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423054.
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This study seeks to extend the theoretical explanation of victims’ crime reporting behavior to a social-structural framework by partially using Black’s Behavior of Law theory in a non-western context. Black’s theory of law postulated that police reporting varied according to five aspects of social life: stratification, morphology, culture, organization and social control. Drawing on the most recent victimization survey conducted in Taiwan, this study focuses on victim reporting of assault, robbery and larceny. Some findings replicated the expectations proposed by Black’s propositions, but others were contrary to expectations. Female robbery victims reported to the police approximately three times more than males. The plausible reason might involve the notion of relational distance taken from Black’s morphology perspective. It was also found that the severity of infraction was positively related to crime reporting. The coexistence of a strong effect of the variable ‘crime seriousness’ and the statistical significance of Black’s social dimensions might imply that Black’s theory has value in forming the broad social context of social action but is insufficient as an explanation of individual behavior.
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Hayes, KatherineM. "Modern criminology: Crime, criminal behavior, and its control." Journal of Criminal Justice 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(86)90040-1.
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Jukschat, Nadine. "Techniques of Neutralization in Narratives of Addicted Gamers: A Social Science Approach on Gaming Disorder." Psychological Studies 66, no. 2 (June 2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-021-00601-2.
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AbstractDue to a hegemony of psychology, the phenomenon of addicted gaming tends to be conceptualized as a chronic illness. Taking a sociological perspective requires reframing the phenomenon: As deviant behavior, and therefore as a behavior, that goes against behavioral expectations of social groups. Such change of perspective raises new questions and sheds light on aspects of the phenomenon that have been unstudied so far. The article takes one step in this direction and applies the concept of neutralization as a heuristic to study how gamers classified as addicted make sense of their deviant gaming practices. Analyses of biographical-narrative interviews with addicted gamers indicate that they use five neutralization techniques in order to carry out their deviant practices without generally questioning social norms, these are rejection of individual responsibility, trivializing revaluation, positive revaluation, revaluation of deviance as self-determined choice and condemnation of instances of social control.
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Yeutukhou, Ihar O. Yeutukhou. "Deviation of the behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-68-73.
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The article analyzes the deviant violations of the accepted behavior paradigm in the Anglo-Saxon society, reflected in Old English charters. The article deals with only one form of deviant violation of the paradigm of behavior – crime. The old English lawsuits charters were chosen as the object of analysis. The author proves that the reaction of society to the offense was placed in a wide range of forcing: from confiscation to expulsion and outlawing. In charters of the 10th century (Fonthill letter, charter S 1455; the expulsion of Æðelsig for stealing a pig, charter S 886; the confiscation of Æðelflӕda estate for the help for her exiled brother Leofsin, charter S 926) uses verbs flyman, afliman, exulare with the semantics ‘to expel, to force, to flee’. In the charters of the 11th century (the lawsuit of the widow in Ailsworth and her son, charter S 1377), the word utlah, from which the modern outlaw derives, is used instead of these verbs. Thus, the author shows that the control over the maintenance of the paradigm of behavior in the equilibrium state was two-level. The first level of impact was the confiscation of property in the case of a single crime not involving with attempt on the life of another person. The second level of influence was the outlawing of a person for the re-theft or the murder of one or more people. The king and Bishop had the right to apply last measure. However, some serious crimes related to the murders and robbery (crimes of Wulfbald and his widow, charter S 877) were not connected with the expulsion. The reasons for this are unknown due to the fragmentary preservation of the sources. In particular, it is not known how the story of Wulfbald’s widow ended.
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Pals, Heili, Tony P. Love, Bryce Hannibal, and Warren Waren. "The Consequences of School Environment and Locus of Control on Adulthood Deviant Behavior." Deviant Behavior 37, no. 9 (April 21, 2016): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1167430.
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Yagunov, Dmytro. "Total institutions in the policy of social control." Grani 23, no. 6-7 (August 30, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172066.
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The article is focused on the research of social control and functioning of total institutions in the social control policy in the Postmodern society. Topicality. The relevance of this study is explained with qualitatively new trends in the development of the Postmodern society, where criminal justice is increasingly ceasing to be actually classical justice in the traditional sense, and is increasingly manifesting itself as a purely political tool. In the paper, the author departs from the traditional approach to social control, which in the light of classical views is carried out by society on the "deviant". Results. The author postulates that in the new coordinate system of Postmodern society number of deviants expands due to potential (sometimes even simply declared) deviants. The key categories of protection of society are not "crime" and "just and lawful punishment" but deeper and penetrating social control over much larger groups with the help of formally independent institutions. The above process is characterized by the fact that clear boundaries between such closed total institutions and non-institutional applications are blurring. The boundaries between the above-mentioned "honest citizens" and "deviants" (even criminals) are also blurring. It has been found that in modern conditions, society no longer exercises social control, but social control over society by the state and even private entities that have national or even transnational power. Conclusion. The article concludes that in the Postmodern society, punishment and other forms of social control are devoid of traditional goals (including "correction" or "re-education" of deviants). Society ceases to be a subject of social control and becomes its object, exposed to net-widening processes, as a result of which the Posmodern society acquires the characteristics of a carceral society, where national social control systems (including total institutions) become more mobile and acquire qualitatively new forms, significance and significance.
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Rhamadani, Fitri Amalia, I. Ketut Suwena, and L. G. L. K. Dewi. "MODEL PENGENDALIAN SOSIAL PREVENTIF DALAM MENANGANI PENYIMPANGAN PERILAKU WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA DI KABUPATEN BADUNG." Jurnal IPTA 9, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ipta.2021.v09.i01.p07.
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Deviations in the behavior of foreign tourists often occur in Badung Regency. Forms of deviant behavior include aggressive behavior, behavior against authority, disrespectful behavior and stupid behavior. The need for a preventive social control effort in anticipating the occurrence of deviations in the behavior of foreign tourists in the future. Determination of informants using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis with the creditability test and the dependability test. The discussion resulted in a model of the construction display framework of preventive social control in Badung Regency, which was formed based on facts or the phenomenon of behavior deviations that often occur. In the introduction of the forms of deviant behavior of foreign tourists there are 4 forms and have a total of 17 behaviors and the total forms of such deviations require social control with a preventive approach. In the preventive approach there are 10 ways that can control foreign tourists to deviate. The role of tourism stakeholders (local communities, government and tourism entrepreneurs) is needed to distribute Do's and Don't's in Bali brochures. The brochure will later contain supporting pictures or illustrations to attract the reader's interest, understand the meaning in each sentence. Preventive social control material by dividing 3 material is presented, namely: Do's in Bali, Do's in Bali, and Why in Bali. After the mechanism for distributing brochures is carried out by stakeholders and there is still a deviation of tourist behavior, the next stage of violators will be subject to sanctions.
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Hagan, John. "The structuration of gender and deviance: a power-control theory of vulnerability to crime and the search for deviant role exits." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 27, no. 2 (July 14, 2008): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1990.tb00448.x.
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Shadmanfaat, Shamila, Saeed Kabiri, Lauren N. Miley, C. Jordan Howell, Caitlyn N. Muniz, and John K. Cochran. "Performance Enhancing Drug Use Among Professional Athletes: Testing the Applicability of Key Theoretical Concepts Derived From Situational Action Theory." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723520919812.
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Doping, or performance enhancing drug use, has long been a social and health problem among athletes. Despite the issues associated with doping and the illegality of using these drugs, little criminological research has examined why athletes engage in this deviant behavior. The present study seeks to do so by applying key theoretical concepts derived from, and testing the predictive efficiency of, situational action theory on professional athletes’ past, current, and future performance enhancing drug use. We employ self-report data from a random sample of 680 professional athletes from Rasht, Iran. Ordinary least squares regression is used to analyze these data. Findings suggest that crime propensity and criminogenic exposure increase athletes’ doping behavior. In addition, we find the interaction term between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure influences performance enhancing drug use among professional athletes, while increasing the model’s predictive power. Finally, in contrast to situational action theory, we find that known correlates of deviance (education, age, and gender) still influence athletes’ doping behavior even when key theoretical variables are included in the model.
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Polakowski, Michael. "Linking self- and social control with deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10, no. 1 (March 1994): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02221008.
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MALIZIA, Nicola, Gianmarco CIFALDI, Ionut SERBAN, and Adrian-Nicolae DAN. "COVID 19: Compliance, Deviances, Social Control and Contagion Risks during the Lockdown. The Results of a Research in Two EU Countries (Italy and Romania)." Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala 74 (September 15, 2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.74.5.
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The pandemic spread caused by the Covid 19 virus and the consequent risk of contagion has recently forced most national governments to adopt drastic measures of social control and containment, such as social distancing, which has led to a significant change in the lives and habits of citizens, which in turn pushed people to adapt to a changed external circumstance. This adaptation, which translates sociologically and substantially into a request for compliance with the prescriptions, had in many cases captured oppositional reactions through individual and group deviant behaviors, which, in addition to breaking the rules of a community, have contributed to the violation of that general principle of “mutual altruism” that should characterize modern societies and increase the viral contagion. The conducted research has explored the risks of contagion from Covid 19 regarding compliant or deviant conducts of behavior with reference to the lockdown requirements in the first half of 2020.
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Young, Kevin. "Performance, control, and public image of behavior in a deviant subculture: The case of rugby." Deviant Behavior 9, no. 3 (July 1988): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1988.9967785.
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Shopina, Iryna, Dmytro Muliavka, Serhii Hrechaniuk, and Violleta Fedchyshyna. "Improvement of Social Control as a Direction of Crime Prevention." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(3).447-454.
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Changes in the system of public relationships determine the necessity of creating a crime prevention model that would take into consideration the specific features of social interaction in modern conditions. A key element of such a model is social control, whose subjects could be both state and private law enforcement bodies and representatives of civil society. However, there is a diversity in how different researchers understand the essence of social control, and the existing models are somewhat eclectic and not easily adjusted to changes, which could affect their effectiveness. The authors single out three key factors that should be taken into account when choosing the strategy of state policy in the sphere under consideration. The authors also prove that it is necessary to strike a balance between parental control and creating a space for self-development because self-identification and development of personal responsibility for one’s decisions are obligatory factors of socialization. It is noted that the effectiveness of the selected model of crime prevention depends on the integration of all objective and subjective factors that determine delinquent behavior in the system of social control. The transition from the positivist to the post-modernist model of crime counteraction is accompanied by numerous crises and conflicts of mental attitudes, which is typical for any global social transformation. The problems emerging in this connection in the post-Soviet states include the resilient dominance of the paternalist model of the state, the denial of personal social responsibility in exchange for security guaranteed by the state, which leads to a passive attitude of some part of the society and a low level of reflection on one’s place and role in the system of delinquent behavior’s prevention. The authors formulate key tasks of transforming the existing models of social control as directions of crime prevention.
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Salvatore, Christopher, and Travis Taniguchi. "Military Service and Offending Behaviors of Emerging Adults: A Conceptual Review." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020049.
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Focusing on the United States, this paper examines the impact of military service for the cohort of individuals that have experienced the social factors that characterize emerging adulthood as a unique stage in the life course. We argue that military service, as a turning point, may act differently in contemporary times compared to findings from past research. This difference is driven by changes in military service, the draft versus volunteer military service, and the prevalence of emerging adulthood. As a background, we describe emerging adulthood, examine how emerging adulthood relates to crime and deviance, explore the impact of military life on young adults, provide an overview of the demographics of military service, discuss the influence and outcomes of military life on young adults, and explore existing research linking military service and deviant and criminal behavior. We develop a theoretical model of the relationship between military service and emerging adulthood and explore the impact on criminological theory and policy.
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Baron, Stephen W. "Self-Control, Social Consequences, and Criminal Behavior: Street Youth and the General Theory of Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40, no. 4 (November 2003): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427803256071.
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Van Bavel, Jan. "Family Control, Bridal Pregnancy, and Illegitimacy." Social Science History 25, no. 3 (2001): 449–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012189.
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Extramarital pregnancy and illegitimate childbearing have been interpreted by historians as well as sociologists basically in terms of deviant behavior and lack of social control (Tranter 1985; Blaikie 1995). While society has looked at procreation outside marriage as a moral lapse, social science has regarded it in terms of deviancy, as “something which interrupted the proper functioning of social processes, and revealed a failure of social control, the control of individual behavior by family and kin, by political and educational authority” (Laslett 1980a: 1–2).Within this framework, interpretations of the “illegitimacy explosion” of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries have almost invariably referred toweakening social control as a result of industrialization, urbanization, and migration. In the 1970s, the debate on the rise of illegitimacy was centered on Edward Shorter's contention that women's emancipation produced rising extramarital sexual activity. This article does not reopen that dispute (see Shorter 1971, 1975: 255–68; Tilly et al. 1976; Lee 1977; Fairchilds 1978; Alter 1988). Rather, it starts from the common ground underlying the different interpretations, which associates adolescent extramarital pregnancy with social isolation. Scholars have argued that migration and new living and working conditions often led to separation from the family and local community. This change would have resulted in the collapse of traditional social control, making premarital intercourse more likely.
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Nina Stănescu. "The moral conduct. Ethical dilemmas, the role of the deontological code in social work." Technium Social Sciences Journal 14 (December 9, 2020): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v14i1.2217.
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The most acute symptom of modernity is the ethical component of society, the so-called spiritual crisis. The essence of moral crisis consists in reducing religiosity; the major effects of diminishing religiosity are: blind obsession for money, selfishness, proliferation of the lack of honesty, decline of the family as a social institution, public proliferation of sexuality, increase of discord, amplification of conflicts of all kinds (between individuals, between the individual and society, between social groups, between generations). The real world alienated itself and even broke away entirely from the world of spiritual, social and moral life. Nowadays, we talk about science, politics, religion, culture, economics, as if they were different fields, as if the involvement of a problem from one field into another field would not be allowed. In this sense, culture should not be involved in matters of science, morality cannot be compatible with business; and in politics we cannot guide ourselves by moral principles. Such attitudes lead to antisocial and deviant patterns of behavior: lying, violence, discrimination, corruption, tax evasion, crime etc.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar, and Jahan Ara Shams. "A Study of Self Control and Deviant Behavior of Secondary School Students of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir." FWU Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51709/fw127210.
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This study aimed at finding the effect of self control (SC) on deviant behavior (DB) of Students. The approach of the study was quantitative. Causal comparative research design was used to investigate the effect of self control on students’ deviance. Students (8940) of grade 9th and 10th of all public schools of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) constituted the population of this study. Data were collected from 470 students of Mirpur, AJK. Out of them there were 291 males and 179 were females. Two scales, SC Scale originally developed by Grasmick et al., (1993) and Normative Deviance Scale by Vazsonyi et al., (2001) were adapted to measure the SC and DB of the students respectively. Descriptive statistics, t-test and linear regression were applied to analyze the data. Results of the study found a low level of SC and high level of DB among the secondary school students. Female were more SC led as compared to the males whereas male showed more DB than females. Regression analysis showed that SC has significant positive effect on the DB and it brings 49.8% variability in the DB of the secondary school students. It was recommended that SC related activities should be added into the curriculum at primary level as this is the best age for the development of SC into the students. Workshops and seminars should be held at Secondary Schools to bring awareness on the benefits of SC for the teachers and students.
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Akers, Ronald L. "Sociological Theory and Practice: The Case of Criminology." Journal of Applied Sociology os-22, no. 1 (March 2005): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19367244052200104.
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Issues in the application of sociological theory to practice in the control, prevention, and treatment of criminal and delinquent behavior are reviewed. The validity of the distinction between applied and pure sociology in the case of criminology is questioned. Application of theory occurs not only in the formal criminal justice system but also in the informal system of private and public practice directed toward criminal and deviant behavior. Moral and ethical values are necessarily implicated in any policy or practice, as illustrated in a hypothetical program for segregation and insulation of youth for delinquency prevention. An outline, with some examples, of what would be involved in reviewing the application of theory to the control, prevention, and treatment of criminal or delinquent behavior and the implications of practice for theory is given.
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Van der Wagen, Wytske. "The Significance of ‘Things’ in Cybercrime: How to Apply Actor-network Theory in (Cyber)criminological Research and Why it Matters." Journal of Extreme Anthropology 3, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.6895.
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In recent years computer technologies and digital devices have become ubiquitous in all facets of human existence, including crime and deviant behavior. Various forms of criminality have emerged in which technical entities play a substantial role. It can be argued that such a development urges criminologists and anthropologists to draw more attention to the significance of things in crime. Latour’s (2005) actor-network theory (ANT), which considers non-human entities as active participants of the social, could be a useful approach for extending our analytical focus to the non-human. The article will not only asses why, but also how we can apply ANT as a more-than-human methodology in qualitative research, by discussing three ANT-based methodological principles: ‘follow the tool’, ‘follow the hybrid’ and ‘follow the network.’ In this scope, this article draws on earlier conducted qualitative ANT case studies on different forms of high-tech cybercrime. In a more general vein, the article aims to show that innovations in qualitative research methods can be also informed by theory.
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Scardaccione, Gilda. "Drug Addiction and Juvenile Justice." Journal of Drug Issues 24, no. 4 (October 1994): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400410.
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Drug abuse in juveniles is a complex juridical matter. There is neither specific legislation enacted nor special therapeutic programs for deviant populations of this age. Statistics are limited to drug addicts who have been involved with state agencies, such as administrative, judicial or police departments. In recent years some reforms have been enacted, especially for procedural aspects of the trial. Legislation now in force offers opportunities for alternative dispositions for juvenile drug addicts, including educational programs under the supervision of social service agencies. This situation can be improved further by better coordination between drug abuse legislation and juridical norms concerning the procedural phase of the trial. The problem of juveniles and drug abuse, especially when organized crime is involved, has distinctive characteristics which require different control strategies. Peer group influences seem to be the primary psychological dynamic motivating adolescent drug abuse.
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GUY, SYBILLE M., GENE M. SMITH, and P. M. BENTLER. "The Influence of Adolescent Substance Use and Socialization on Deviant Behavior in Young Adulthood." Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, no. 2 (June 1994): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021002004.
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This study examined the impact of adolescent substance use on adult substance use and criminal behavior. Longitudinal data from 657 participants were assessed over 12 years (1969-1981). Latent variable models were used to determine what effect, if any, adolescent drug use had on later deviance. In addition, constructs relevant to traditional theories of social control, such as the extent of socialization and obedience to rules, were also included as predictors. The results showed that a general drug use factor in adolescence significantly predicted adult illicit substance use, theft, and interpersonal aggression. Drug-related accidents (automobile and other) were also predicted from adolescent drug use. These findings are consistent with several theories suggesting that different forms of deviance may influence each other over time.