Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Crime économique'
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Leloup, Gilles. "Crime et analyse économique." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE0009.
Full textIllegal activities can be more profitable than legal activities and a part of the population could come to that king of activity. Choice formalisation, within an "economic model of crime", can allow the field to come out for the rational individual and get important lessons for criminal policy. But it is probably due to its capacity of foresight that the model gets better than a theory, that is sometimes produced as a rival one : the stability of punishment
Jaïdane, Mazigh Lamia. "Analyse économique de la production d'ordre et de désordre publics." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010024.
Full textMaldent, Anne-Sophie. "Analyse économique de la marque et du délit d'achat de contrefaçon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2024.
Full textTo the extent that brandname facilitates consumer choice in the spectrum of varieties and qualities of products, it is a determining factor of the efficient allocation of resources in the production process, thus becoming an important corporate asset, up to the point that there is now a "market" of brands where meet supply and demand for brands. Thus, this research is based on an economic analysis of the supply of brands by firms and counterfeiters and the demand for brands by consumers. First, it is to show that supplying a brand is comparable to a means of differentiating the firm in a competitive market, and the mark appears as an important driver of entrepreneurial activity and a source growth. Then, another part of the research is devoted to the analysis of the mark on the demand side of the market, including a particular aspect of the demand for trademark which is the demand for trademark infringement. We build a theoretical model of purchasing counterfeited brands with a mechanism of game theory on the formation of a social norm. Finally, we attempt to show that counterfeit consumption behavior remains largely influenced by the legal framework governing trademark infringement, and that the effectiveness of policies to fight against this phenomenon is affected by an expansion of the market counterfeiting, which results from the increasing expansion of new technologies and the growth of consumption in the network
Monnery, Benjamin. "Prison, reentry and recidivism : micro-econometric applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2132/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation investigates the linkages between prison, reentry and recidivism. Eachof the four chapters contributes to the growing field of the economics of crime, applying a series of econometric methods on French data to answer highly policy-relevant questions.Chapter 1 explores the dynamics of the risk of recidivism after prison release. This article is the first to document the shape of the hazard of recidivism over time in France (a fastlydiminishing function) and to explore the key individual characteristics explaining the level and dynamic of this risk over time.Chapter 2 investigates the causal effect of sentence reductions on recidivism. This article is the first to explicitely account for the key mediating role of anticipations and adaptation by prisoners. By exploiting the French collective pardon of July 1996 as a natural experiment, the article finds strong evidence supporting the importance of the concrete design of sentence reductions.Chapter 3 offers the first evaluation of the causal effects of a major penal policy in France, the introduction of Electronic Monitoring (EM) as an alternative to short prison sentences. Using the staged rollout of EM across courts and over time, the paper finds evidence of significant beneficial effects of EM on recidivism, compared to incarceration.Finally, Chapter 4 measures the deterrent effect of fast versus slower incarceration on future crime. This article is the first to estimate the large beneficial impact of using fast-track procedures, instead of longer procedures, on recidivism after release
Lalam, Nacer. "Déterminants et analyse économique de l'offre de drogues illicites en France." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010058.
Full textParisien, Bruno. "L'enquête judiciaire en matière économique et financière : une réforme nécessaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA021/document.
Full textTwenty billions : that is the cost of financial and economic crime in France. This is close to organised crime, but it still remains an ill-defined phenomenon, an atypical delinquency with specific features, an area where only few initiate persons succeed in twarthing misbehaviours committed by pioneer criminals in regard to the modus operandi they use. Financial and economic crime plagues the social and economic system, and although this tends to be contained in France, successive and innovative reforms haven’t ensured a more appropriate criminal justice response. Judicial system has been provided with specialized penal courts, but judicial inquiry, the cradle of fight against crime, still remains subject to ordinary criminal procedural rules. As feedbacks show, basic investigation powers contrast with exceptional delinquency, whereas they could be improved by the adaptation of the tested investigation devices
Champeyrache, Clotilde. "L'entreprise légale-mafieuse : contribution critique à la théorie des droits de propriété." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010064.
Full textSartini, Tony. "Les réseaux criminels entre logiques économiques et logiques ethno-culturelles." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020061.
Full textCriminal networks between economic and cultural logics The criminological tradition readily conceives crime as an individual fact. Unlike this conception, this thesis proposes to understand the crime as a social and political fact. The traditional materialistic and culturalist models were able to account for the explanatory economic and cultural variables of the crime. However, they have insufficiently taken into account this fundamental fact that criminal activity is, in its mass, a group activity. In particular, they are struggling to explain the over-representation of minorities-especially ethnic-in crime. A sociometric model called "Criminal embeddedness" shows how the sociability of minorities gives comparative advantages to such minorities in organized crime.Because it is primarily a phenomenon of networks, crime is thus explained by understanding the economic logics that motivate members of criminal networks, but also the ethno-cultural logics that structure them. Such logics are always prevalent in the contemporary world, characterized by globalization, the more virtual nature of trade, communitarianism and terrorism. These economic and cultural logics were not sufficiently taken into account by public security policies in France, in particular in urban governance and in criminal intelligence policies. This is largely due to the French model, which is struggling to grasp the logic of crime in a pragmatic way, and to take into account ethnicity
Rami, Halim. "La mondialisation et la criminalité économique et financière : Analyse juridique internationale au regard du droit algérien." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10013.
Full textAguirre, sanchez Andrea carolina. "Urban crime in Ecuador : three essays on the role of economic inequalities, population density and emotions." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES051/document.
Full textLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most violent regions in the world. Importantly, higher levels of violence prevail in most urbanized LAC cities (UNODC, 2013). Understanding the determinants of urban crime is therefore a major challenge for those countries. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the role of three crime determinants in Ecuador: economic inequalities, city size, and the emotions caused by soccer events.Before conducting this empirical analysis, we first review the theoretical and empirical literature on urban crime determinants. An important conclusion is that economic incentives that lead individuals to commit crime are influenced by the location pattern of criminals and victims. Building on these considerations, we perform three empirical analyses at different geographic levels.First, we explore the effect of income inequality on victimization in Ecuador, using data at the individual level thanks to the Ecuadorian Victimization survey. The main result is that, contrary to the predictions, the Gini coefficient has a negative effect on victimization by robbery. This result could be related to a high residential segregation or a high social control against crime. In addition, we provide evidence for an increasing and concave relationship between the income level of victims and the probability of victimization by vehicle theft, which first increases with a monthly household income up to $5,100, and then falls.Second, we test the existence of an urban crime premium (higher crime in urban areas) in Ecuador, at the parish level. Our main result is that population exerts a non-linear influence on the homicide rate. The probability that a homicide happens is higher in larger parishes. However, the homicide rate decreases with population in parishes with positive homicides. By contrast, the results regarding property crimes confirm that the level of population increases the number of pecuniary crimes per inhabitant.Third, we explore the effect of soccer matches on the number of homicides and property crimes in 16 cantons of Ecuador, at the intra-city level. The aim is to test whether soccer matches alter the temporal and spatial patterns of crime, and the role of emotions (frustration and euphoria) resulting from soccer matches on crime. Results reveal that the number of homicides increases by 0.18% before the match whereas the number of property crimes increases by 12% after the match, near the stadium. Soccer matches also cause spatial spillovers of crime in locations distant from stadiums. On game days, the number of property crimes falls by 0.88% before the match and the number of homicides falls by 0.05% during the match, in these distant locations. After the game, the homicides and property crimes significantly increase in locations distant from stadiums. Finally, the effect of emotions on homicides or property crimes is not significant at the aggregate level but it is significant regarding homicides that occur in the capital of Ecuador, Quito
Persyn, Lionel. "La prévision conjoncturelle : de nouveaux outils et une crise économique majeure." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0022.
Full textThe economic crisis which began in 2008 is one of the most agitated and uncertain period of the contemporary economic history. The target of this thesis is thus to study the characteristics of the modern short term economic analysis as well as the quality of the diagnosis provided by new tools which have appeared over the past few years. We first deal with survey data which constitute the main element of conjonctural analysis. A non-parametric dating method is applied to monthly surveys carried from company managers in the four main countries of the European Union. This method allows us to notice an increase in their synchronisation during the period 1999-2008 compared to the period 1989-1998. Then, after a vast survey of techniques providing short term forecasts, including combination of several techniques and forecasts, we concentrate upon the forecasts of the French GDP. Several tests highlight the presence of an optimistic bias from a panel of national and international organizations over the period 1999-2009. Despite this fact, it appears that, according to optimality criterions, the forecasts improve during the most recent period. We show eventually that these results are strongly altered depending on whether one considers the realisation of the PIB to be the first value published or the final and revised one
Martinez, Zavala Tatiana. "Essays on Mexican Migration to the US." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2150/document.
Full textChapter 1Local Development and the Decision to Migrate : Evidence from Mexican Migration to the USMexican migration to the United States is one of the largest migration phenomena and subject to a wide range of studies having reached more than 11 million of Mexican immigrants in the US, which accounts for nearly a tenth of Mexico’s population and a third of all US foreign-born population. Despite having been widely studied, this paper contributes the scarce literature of the supply-side perspective. The paper is comprised by a simple game theoretic model which aims at illustrating the relationship between development outcomes and the decision to migrate and hence to motivate and provide a framework for the empiricalanalysis. Furthermore, the model incorporates a factor that has been recently shown to play a part on the migration decision : organized crime. Recent kidnapping of migrants suggest a new risk affecting trajectories, while a more violent environment may contribute to push migrants away from their homes. We test the model’s findings empirically using household survey data and propose different effects for legal and illegal migrants, as defined by the type of documents used to enter the US. The results from the illegal migrant subsample are in line with our theoretical framework and support the importance of local development variables as a determinant of migration.Chapter 2Foreign Aid, Illegal Migration and Organized CrimeThrough this chapter, the link between foreign aid, illegal migration and development is studied in a game-theoretic framework. We model a sequential game of a foreign government that decides its border control and foreign aid policies, which are known to source country government deciding on the level of investment in domestic development. In this particular framework, aid is used to fight crime organizations in the source country, as it represents a negative externality for the donor. Potential migrants then make their migration decisions after observing both government’s expenditure decisions, which have an impact on the probability of success. The model suggests migration flows are reduced by development expenditure and that the existence of organized crime, reduces the optimal level of aid allocated as crime works as an additional tool for reducing illegal migration. The model isthen tested empirically through a simultaneous equation model using cross-country data on migrant sending countries to eveloped donor countries. Most model predictions are supported by our empirical specification, suggesting indeed a reduction in aid allocation when migration and crime are high.Chapter 3The fall of mobility when moving : A study of social mobility of Mexican migrants to the US This chapter aims to study the impact of parental migration on their children. In concrete, we intend to infer the causal impact of US migration on the intergenerational transmission of education in Mexico. Social mobility and migration had only been analyzed comparingimmigrants and natives in the destination country. Thus, targeting the migrant population from the source-country perspective, our paper contributes the literature with a unique study of the effects of migration on the educational mobility of the left behinds. Using household survey data, we look at the educational attainment of individuals in Mexico and compare it to that of their parents and according to the parents migration status during their childhood. We exploit historical data to solve for the endogeneity of the decision to migrate through an instrumental variables approach, which allows us to draw causal inference of our results. Our results show that, although attractive on the short-term through the alleviation of current poverty, migration may be detrimental to the equality of opportunities on the long-run
Yin, Yun. "Sοciοlοgie pοlitique de la prοfessiοnnalisatiοn du fοοtball en chine." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1015.
Full textThis work questions the world of sport and its unique methods of operation but more centrally, the football world which experiences a worldwide generalization of trickery or match rigging. We question the operation of the traditional Chinese society, but also the process that led the country into a totalitarian form now doubled with a liberal capitalist economy, so as to understand the development of professional football. The system of "Ju Guo" is an application that can be a political ideological apparatus within the Chinese state. This totalitarian system may well be interpreted as the role played by the (ISA) "Ideological State Apparatuses" described by Althusser. Then, by social change, and the restructuring of the Chinese society, the “strategic capitalistic apparatuses” (SCA) appear and replace the ideological state apparatuses. The standardization and generalization of the competition also allow the emergence and development of sport institution, the flourishing development of illegal bets and the implementation of mafia groups which, as recalled by Jean Ziegler, could form the final stage of capitalism. The latter would confirm Ziegler’s proposal: the mafia system would be the ultimate stage of capitalism and its expression in a sport model of generalized competition, as the ideal form of domination by productivity
Galvez, Eduardo. "Crise, économie et hégémonie en Argentine (1999-2003)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0030.
Full textThis research deals with the conflicts within the dominant class (or economic elite) from this country, based on the different stands taken by its members with regard to economic politics, from August 1999 to December 2003. During this period, which includes the end of Carlos Menem' s government, the shortened government of Fernando De la Rua, the temporary one of Eduardo Duhalde until the consolidation of Nestor Kirchner' s government, the gestation, development and resolution of a crisis takes place This cri sis reaches its main intensity in December 2001, in the context of the: "corralito" (banking restrictions), declaration of state of siege, death of37 people during repression of the demonstrations against government measures (only a few meters away from the government house) and supermarket lootings, formal declaration of external debt default, resignation of Finance Minister Domingo Cavallo and President Fernando De la Rua from the UCR (Union Civica Radical), replaced (after many caretaker presidents) by Eduardo Duhalde from the Pl (Partido lusticialista) (elected by national Congress), and the continuation of demonstrations under the slogan "Qué se vayan todos!" ("They ail must go"). During this period, we have empirically collected the economic stands taken by a specific category of organic intellectuals from the dominant class. Based on this empirical list, we have grouped together these organic intellectuals into two rival alignments
Mengue, Mengue Joseph. "Contre-choc pétrolier et crise économique camerounaise : 1982-1992." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100057.
Full textIn this paper, an attempt is being made to analyses the economic instability in Cameroun following years of economic growth. Since 1985, the country has entered into a new era of economic restriction and rigor. In the first part of this paper, we try to treat the causes and the consequences of the economic crises. In chapter one of part 1, these causes are shown as being endogenous, reflecting the inappropriateness of state politics vis-a-vis the economy of the country. In chapter ii, we are presented with the exogenous causes, showing that the economy of the country has been put under constraints of both internal and external public over-indebtedness. The two chapters of part b try to show the idea that, at global level; these crises have contributed to the development of informal economy, the blockage of growth, and to the aggravation of poverty. The second part is devoted to debate arising from the adoption of the politics of liberal stabilization and adjustment. In general, this study presents econometric models inspired by the works of Khan and Polak. These models serve as theoretical supporters to the Bretton woods institutions. It shows the limitations of the structural adjustment plans that had been elaborated, notably those concerning the functioning of market (situations) and the existence of an informal sector that is not well known. At the actual moment, the state is very weak, dismantled by the eight years of brutal adjustment. The economy of Cameroun is therefore a paradoxical case of a political economy administered from the above. The question of the 21st century economies of Africa is in fact to change the methods of regulation and the form of accumulation, to pass from the logic of stock-holder to that of accumulation of businesses arising from the adoption of the politics of liberal stabilization and adjustment
Zhou, Xiaolan. "La crise économique francaise de 1816 à 1817." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040091.
Full textThe crisis in 1816-17 is regarded as the last crisis of the “Ancien régime économique” in this thesis, because with many particular characteristics, it started at the first time in the agriculture and developed most of the time in this sector. The crisis, provoked by an anomaly climate at the beginning of 1816, has shaken the french society The poor harvest caused a lot of troubles to the circulation of the grains. The wheat was in that epoch the principal food to the French people, and the government took feeding his people as a bounden duty. So we can say that, the problem concerning the food supply was an interface between the government and the people's livelihood. In a word, this subject involves not only the historical techniques, but also the knowledges of sociology, economics, statistics and so on. With the help of all these techniques, we will have a glance of the reality in this period which seems far from us. What’s more, this research tries to figure out the elements of the nature of the crisis: the last crisis of “ancien régime”, in order to clear some suspicions and to remove some misunderstandings
Lebaz, James. "Crise, politique économique et hyperinflation en Bolivie : 1982-1985." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010047.
Full textDarriet, Elisa. "Science économique et sens commun : études des représentations sociales de la crise économique et de l'euro." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020034.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on the relationship between economics and social representations, between science and common sense. First in a theoretical chapter, we discuss how social representations of lay individuals can potentially play a role in economic modeling and in the implementation of economic policies. Secondly, in an empirical chapter, we firstly describe the social representation of the 2008 economic crisis in France and link it to the perception of personal financial threats. We then proceed to demonstrate that this difference can lead to different types of actions in order to cope (or not) with the economic crisis. The third chapter investigates empirically the possibility of a cognitive fit between lay representations of economic theories that explain economic crises and economic theories themselves. The influence of sociodemographic and psychological differences (such as political opinions, and Belief in a Just World) over these economic theories is also studied. The final chapter examines the social representations of the euro and approaches the notion of monetary illusion as well as the perception of European monetary policies among the French population
Gilles, Philippe. "A propos de la dynamique du capitalisme : interrogations critiques sur la pertinence de "la crise" comme élément d'interprétation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24003.
Full textAfter an epistemological and philological reflexion, which lead us towards the definition of a "meta-concept" of crisis, we try to delimit genesis of crisis concept in political economy. Dynamics among worldly classical economists (Say, Ricardo, Malthus, Sismondi) are successively studied and will lead us from the logic of the accumulation process to the question of equilibrium, effective demand and crisis; and Marx's problematic in which crisis is considered as structural processes, inherent to capitalist society. On this basis, we apprehend dynamics of capitalism (F. Braudel) according to P. Dockes and B. Rosier's analysis about productive order-mutation crisis-regulation crisis in connection with a reinterpretation of the long waves rhythms theory (Kondratiev). Through the concept of productive order appears the necessity for capitalism to have a coherent social global order so that the production of economic surplus and capital accumulation should appear during the phase A of the long expansion. Regulation crisis look like necessary moments for regulation capitalism ; in other words, they represent the turnpoint, when the regulation of the system is effected. Mutation crisis and long depressions (phase B) are defined as special scansions of capitalism among transformations which can be justified provide that any mechanism and any resorting to "cyclicite" are rejected. . .
Coulibaly, Doté. "L' étatisation et la crise économique des pays en voie de développement : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D009.
Full textSoavi, Joseph. "De la crise de stabilisation à la crise des années 1930 : la conjoncture économique en France de 1926 à 1931." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010565.
Full textMarouane, Amine. "Modélisation stock-flux de l'économie tunisienne : analyse des chocs de la crise économique et de la révolution." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40062.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to model the Tunisian economy in a post Keynesian stock-flow consistent approach in order to provide an analysis of the observed stylized facts since 2001. This kind of post Keynesian macroeconomic model retains not only the stock dimension but also the flow dimension of the Tunisian economy. Thus it is a new framework for analyzing the effects of the financial and economic crisis of 2007-2008 and economic consequences resulting from the recent Tunisian revolution of 2011. Six sectors make our economy: households, firms, banks, central bank, government and the rest of the world. The rest of the world represents the European Union given the strong dependence of the Tunisian economy on European economies. In order to explain the trend of the Tunisian GDP, four shocks are considered namely the impact on the growth rate in European Union to take into account the global crisis, the changes in interest rate and exchange rate to explain the impact of monetary policy and the response of fiscal policy and finally the shock in the state of confidence and productivity to understand the effects of the economic crisis during the Tunisian revolution. These four shocks have allowed us to reproduce the stylized facts of the Tunisian economy and understand the effects of the crisis of the last decade. Then we consider three scenarios for the Tunisian economy: an optimistic scenario, a pessimistic scenario and intermediate scenario
Jordan, Anouk. "De la crise industrielle de l'URSS à la fin des années 70 à celle de la Russie post-soviétique : ruptures et continuités." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21021.
Full textMounir, Khalid. "La crise du financement de la protection sociale et la crise économique : cas de la France." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF10079.
Full textDuring the seventies, the french economy knows some great problems. The general crisis hits some of its most important industries. The financing of its very advanced social system is more and more difficult. Productivity is stagnant and investments are reduced, this situation hits social policy. Politics of budget restrictions influence realised and futur programs of social expenditures and revenues. The slow down of public expenditures is accomplanied by a redistribution of public ressources to chosen priority and activities. The new increase of compulsory levies is progressively disadvantaging households in view of lightening fiscal burden of firms. A new economic start could be the consequence of reducing the part of compulsory levies in the GDP, only efficient however of there is an equivalent cut in social expenditures during the longer period. We must to conciliate economic imperatives and the poursuit of a desired development of social protection by limiting its negative effects on the competitivity of firms and unemployement
Gorbatenko, Daniil. "Austrian business cycle theory : agent-based-model illustration and empirical application." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0120/document.
Full textThis work attempts to reformulate Austrian Business cycle theory. The central idea is that central banks may facilitate the creation of credit that is not backed by consumer savings and that this may allow and incentivize banks to finance some long-term projects that they did not find attractive to finance in the past. Those projects may temporarily divert certain resources away from the production of certain consumer goods, despite the preferences of the relevant consumers staying the same. The latter may later act to reverse the misallocation or make the originators of the long-term projects pay more for the relevant resources. This leads either to the failure of those projects or to the need for their originators to cut spending on other activities, as well as to other potential negative effects for the economy.The work also illustrates the core logic of the theory by means of a computer model and analyses the evidence for the applicability of the reformulated theory to the U.S. Great Recession of 2008-09
Gubernat-Rammelt, Ruxandra. "L’existence du champ journalistique roumain après la crise économique de 2008." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100187/document.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the developments that led to the current state of the Romanianjournalistic field, after the financial crisis of 2008, by which this professional environment fails to convince its actors of the viability of its principles. My main hypothesis is that the collision between two divergent value systems - the intersection of the neoliberal allogeneic model with local values and necessities - establishes a hybrid field integrating elements of both cultures without incorporating the sum of their elements. This hybrid field, characterized by a high degree of openness towards renegotiation, reinterpretation and restoration of the principles that guide journalism, also creates a certain anomic dimension of its actors. In order to establish the existence of the journalistic field in Romania after 2008, an analysis based on three main dimensions was envisaged: a first dimension would be the political rupture which imposed a reflection on the directions and choices of models in the new pluralist media market;; a second dimension identified is the profound technological change superimposed on this stage of understanding journalistic acts;; third, the financial crisis which began in 2008, which destabilized the journalistic environment in Romania. Our main discovery is that of the existence of double standards in the practice and in the evaluation of Romanian journalism by its actors:• An ideological contradiction at the macro level, i.e. institutions adhere to the model, but this is not the guiding principle of their approaches, which are mainly guided by the realities in place ;• At the micro level, the contradiction between the understanding of the model and the waythis model is enacted: a discrepancy between the argumentative level - with theunderstanding that the Western model is highly attractive - and the mode of action whereindividuals must comply with local customs and values, which are not in accordance with thesystem of reference to which they adhere
Roquefeuil, Alexis de. "Le Marché commun centraméricain, MCCA : crise régionale et perspectives d'intégration économique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0013.
Full textPetmezas, Megaklis. "Le modèle européen de croissance économique : sa crise et son avenir." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10023.
Full textIf the European model of economic growth is born and has known its soar in the framework of national capitalism, in the after war period, it is presenting itself as more and more threatened in the external field and more and more vulnerable in the internal field in the new period of capitalism, the one of transnational capitalism. As it was not able to adapt itself to the economic mutation of the end of the century, it risks to suffer rather than to build, its future. In the integrated world that is setting up, the European future will be widely the consequence of the concerned and determined answer that the EEC will to the trilogue "mondialism-nationalism-regionalism". This answer demands, "paradoxically", more Europe and more nations, more market and more civil society
Pasquier, Roger. "Le Sénégal au milieu du XIX : la crise économique et sociale." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040322.
Full textIn the middle of the nineteenth century, the existence of french factories in senegal seemed questionned by a multi-aspect serious crisis. The gum trade which was the base of their economy attained its limits. From 1838 40 to 1850, the evolution of trade and the sectorial analysis gave an idea of the magnitude of the crisis which was also social as the patrimony study and "habitants", especially "traitants" income, revealed it. Then it opened on a political unrest. The crisis concerning exclusively the "habitants" until 1847 began with the europeans dynamically fighting for their economy without privilege (traitants corporation, galam company) and for a better customs regime. Besides the deficient economic equipment, the difficult relations with african populations and rivalities with european states obstructed the economic growth. Many europeans, concerned about the crisis, wished the transformation of these factories into a real colony with economic domination and space control. The "commission des comptoirs" convened by the minister for the navy etablished a politic expansion. In view of this late and partial application, european traders, helped by a good conjuncture, fighted back by carrying their programm and their candidate as governor of senegal. Imperialism time has arrived
Baratin, Laurent. "Les racines de la première grande crise économique du XXIème siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0380/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at rehabilitating the circuit analysis of economic crises. This analysiswas supplanted by the neo-liberal one at the end of the post-war boom. However, the neo-liberalmodels, and even the most recent ones, could not prevent nor solve the crisis that we are now goingthrough. We find the circuit theory, of which Marx and Keynes are distinguished representatives,much more capable of explaining the current crisis. We set up a dichotomy in economics betweenthe circuit analysis and the so-called liberal analysis, which we also call in this thesis the «marketanalysis». We show how this analysis and the hypotheses that stem from it were built. This work alsoincludes an empirical analysis. We use the circuit analysis to show the consequences of neo-liberalpolicies on economic dynamics. Thesefinancial and commercial liberalization policies should havelead us towards afull employment general equilibrium. On the contrary, they brought aunderemployment generalizeddisequilibrium.This thesis’ conclusions in terms of economic policiesare in favor of a concerted and reasoned protectionism on the international scale, as well as a controlof the financial system in order to fund non-financial corporations accumulation of capital
El, Masry Adel. "La gestion de crise au sein du secteur touristique égyptien entre théorie et pratique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010557.
Full textDiaz, Sanchez José Luis. "Drivers of macroeconomic imbalances and their resolution." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010093.
Full textLarge imbalances in both the US and within the Eurozone preceded the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 (the Great Recession). Ex-post, it seems surprising that not enough attention was given to the fast rise of these imbalances -especially to the development of housing price bubbles- by economists, and even less by policy makers. A long period of relatively low macroeconomic volatility occurring between the mid-1980s to the late 2000s -the so called “Great Moderation”- along with the underestimation of the existence of bubbles in asset prices gave the impression that the large crises of the past were unlikely to reappear. Many economic commentators even saw this as a sign of the decreased relevance of the International Monetary Fund since the global financial stability seemed warranted. The policy of low inflation was viewed by most in the economics profession as more than sufficient to maintain macro stability, and the efficient market hypothesis, developed first by Eugene Fama in the 1970s, dominated the macro-models used in the academia, international organizations, and in central banks (Shiller’s best seller “Irrational Exuberance”was among one of the courageous exceptions). As a result of this inattention, the fast unwinding of these imbalances plunged in 2008-2009 the global economy in an unprecedented crisis -by many measures- since the Great Depression. The recovery from the Great Recession has been slow, with a “double-dip” recession in the Eurozone, and the prospects for a return to sustained high growth still remain uncertain
Colombié, Thierry. "Grand banditisme et trafic de drogues en France : analyse stratégique des organisations criminelles." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0151.
Full textFrom the study of the heroin trafficking in France (French Connection, 1935-1985), this research brings to light the French’s organized crime, usually named «grand banditisme ». The French Connection’s study is not an accident: as in Italy and in the United States, the heroin trade has been the most efficient way of expansion for criminal organizations. Based on official data, the first part of this thesis describes the evolution and the organization of the heroin trade, from France to United States. The second part endeavor to better understand what is called « grand banditisme » through interviews of their operators. We manage to do a new typology of drug dealers, describing alliance and agreements between transnational firms involved in the drug market. From a theoretical approach stemmed from industrial economics, this thesis introduces two news concepts: the "trafficker" firm, within which operators have to escape from law enforcement policies by specific strategies; and the "trafficker" coterie, pole leader in which actors of french criminal world, named "Milieu", are associated with individuals of legal spheres
Colin, Florence. "Analyse économique théorique de la délinquance politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0020.
Full textThe thesis studies the logic of individuals behaviors concerning illegal political activity through an economic model composed of a supply function of political criminality, a demand function of security and a production function of repression. The purpose is to determine the gains and costs that affect the individual calculus of potential participants, and in which conditions they are going to increase or to decrease their time of participation (the supply quantity). Tha gains and costs of illegal political activity are : purs publics gains, private political gains, materials and psychological private gains, apprehension, condamnation, physical dammanges costs, opportunity costs due to foregone wage in the economic legal life. The "factor "preference for publics goods" amplificates the public and political private gains. We also take into account the choice of potential victims, State and private citizens. The demande for security of private citizens is integrated into that of the State, because they cannot resort to reppression to protect themselves. The State is the productor of repression to dissuade potentials participants to engage in political violence in order to express their discontent, and make them substitute legal political action to illegal one which become more costly
Le, Galès Patrick. "L'invention d'une politique de développement économique local en France et en Grande-Bretagne : localité, crise, relations central / local et politiques de développement économique local des villes en France et en Grande Bretagne : les exemples de Coventry et Rennes." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100054.
Full textThe invention of local economic policies in French and British cities took place during the period 1975-1986. Three types of factors are explored to explain the invention and the implementation of these policies : (1) political and institutional factors ; (2) economic factors, and (3) local social factors. The comparison plays down the role of the institutional framework. It underlines the importance of the crisis but refuses straight economic determinism. It finally stresses the role of local social factors within a locality. These play a major role to explain local economic policies implemented in British and French cities. The first part of the analysis deals with French and British cities in general, the second part concerns two case-studies : Rennes and Coventry. In Coventry, a 20th century working class city, the dominant group of trade-unionist opposed the implementation of on local economic policy which was supported by "the new urban left", post-68 lower middle classes from the public sector. This policy was finally implemented with delays according to the proposals put forward by a group of managers. In Rennes, two networks of local actors have had competition cooperation relation : one is centred on the local authority, the other one the CCI and the department. They all shave some basic values : research education and training culture and communication to support the social and economic development of the city
Charvet-Protat, Suzanne. "La crise d'identité de la psychiatrie et ses manifestations économiques." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090087.
Full textPsychiatry is in a category of its own among medical disciplines. Independence and acknowledgement as a medical discipline in its own right has been a long and complex development process, involving claims to a difference which creates the profession's specific nature. The generalization of social security endorsement has contributed to the development and emergence of private psychiatry, and to the splintering of its field of activity. However, the mecanism of the social security system has imposed a conflict situation on free-lance psychiatrists and their union representatives. Indeed, the way national health insurance works cannot accomodate an absolute respect of the principles peculiar to the free-lance practice of psychiartry. Especialy in difficult economic situation. Confronted with the economic difficulties now affecting the profession, unions have made the defence of psychiatric activity the mainstay of their claims and theoretical arguments which are closely tied to the very concept of free-lance medecine. Psychiatric medical activity comes across as a complex and heterogeneous economic product, the features of which can only be grasped by analysing the conflicts to which it is subject. It is the product of a medical decision process, which in psychiatry does not stem a linear approach, even if such an approach claims to be rigorous, scientific and modelled on medical objectivity. From our analysis, we see that the only available statistics, plus the very few existing papers which deal with free-lance pratice in psychiatry, are insufficient to pinpoint the reality of the professions's economic status. A nationwide survey into the subject has proven decisive, rich in information, and has enabled a lot of attention to be focussed a certain number of phenomena which are already the premonitory signs of future positions
Ouadah-Bedidi, Zahia. "Baisse de la fécondité en Algérie : transition de développement ou transition de crise ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0047.
Full textHanff, Germain. "La "Grande Crise" économique, politique et sociale (1929/30 - 1935/6) au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA1012.
Full textAtsin, Aimeric. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement: cas de la Côte d'Ivoire. Analyse Macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27703/27703.pdf.
Full textTroisvallets, Marc. "L'origine structurelle de l'inflation en période de crise." Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21019.
Full textThis work proposes to examine the origin of inflation from a structural point of view. It does not intent to understand this phenomenon as a particular circumstance but to try to appreciate structural transformations in the French economy which cause that specific configuration named inflation. Then, the general level of price is an inadequate indicator. The change of the price structure has to be understood not only as a single modification of relative prices but also as the effect of a differentiated process of capital accumulation in the different industries. This process is determined by the concrete forms of putting human work in action in labour process and - through the social expression of these private works, i. E. The social monetary unit - the set of historically dated forms of financing
Adda, Jacques. "Logiques de crises et nature des obstacles à une sortie de crise dans les économies en développement surendettée." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010030.
Full textTen studies on the following issues: - The role of internal and external factors in the crisis of latin american economies in the early eighties. - The causes of the failure of orthodox and heterodox stabilization program in Latin America during the eighties. - The nature of the obstacles to the crisis in those economies - The managing of the debt crisis in the eighties - Economic relation between France and developing countries
Rezaiezadeh, Baravati Mohammad Javad. "La crise pétrolière et ses répercussions internationales et en France." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2A001.
Full textThe oil crisis broke out in the seventies, its results were rather beneficial to the producers and harmful to the consumers. The crisis showed itself in a rise of oil prices and a decrease in production. Not only was the field of oil industries upset, but international economic relationships were called into question too. The crisis enabled oil producing countries to get themselves out of international companies'supervision by forcing the fixed price of crude oil on them and by getting rid of their old concessions. Higher oil prices were a painful blow to western countries whose economies were based on oil imports and a more painful one on developing countries. They accelerated the pace of inflation and entailed big problems for the balances of payments in such countries. The result for France in 1974 was a 16,9 billion trade deficit. France's reaction to the crisis was different from other western countries' and oil companies'. It did not agree with the american thesis : a unified body of consumers so as to break the solidarity of producing countries. It refused to join the international agency for energy and proposed a tripartite conference on energy (. . . )
Perraki, Vivi. "L'Expansion et la première crise pétrolière : lecture interdisciplinaire d'un journal économique lors d'un moment de discontinuité." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0067.
Full textAssiga, Ateba Étienne Modeste. "Gestion des entreprises publiques au Cameroun dans le contexte de la crise économique." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020011.
Full textAfter his independancy (1960), cameroun initiate a state policy in order to promote owned entreprises. By 1986, june 30, these entreprises represent an amount of investment o cfa 136 billions, 5,3 % gdp and 75 000 employees. From 1960 to 1989, 150 public entreprises have been created with 25 banks and financial establishment owned by cameroonian state. But since 1989, a structural adjustment programm has been introduced in cameroon with bird, imf and adb cooperation
Kopsidi, Eugenia. "L’équilibre des pouvoirs en période de crise économique : recherches sur l’expérience constitutionnelle grecque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0119.
Full textIt is historically proven that economic crisis rhymes with disorganization of institutions. The effort of a legal definition and delimitation of the crisis leads to a blatant transformation of the legal rules issued during this period. As a part of the legislative process, this transformation takes place by the implementation of exceptional mechanisms to deal with emergencies. Thus, the legislation of the crisis consists mainly of the enactment of legislative norms by the executive power on the basis of its exceptional legislative power. In this context, the requirement of flexibility resulting from the crisis seems to justify a new division of powers. This redistribution is based in an attempt to pass at all costs measures which will bring economic benefits, except that these measures extend into the field of rights and freedoms by imposing considerable restrictions on their enjoyment. Faced with this institutional disruption, the constitutional judge often remains passive, limiting itself to a limited control of the acts adopted by exceptional procedures. Thus, the financial problems acquire a highly political character which leads the national judge to restrict himself so as not to interfere with the questions that seem to constitute political choices. Greece is an emblematic example of this phenomenon. The reforms undertaken in recent years by successive Greek governments affect the most crucial areas of the country's socio-economic life. The vast majority of these reforms, and undoubtedly the most important among them, are based on an exceptional legislation
Bricongne, Jean-Charles. "Essais sur les liens internationaux entre économie financière et économie réelle pendant la crise." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010014.
Full textZenteno, Mijangos Giovanni. "Politique monétaire : croissance et crise (le cas du Mexique)." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100108.
Full textThe recent evolution of the Mexican economy has been characterized by a worsening of the inequalities at all levels. Being itself an expression of a self-reliant model of development, which is incapable of creating the necessary conditions for the continuous growth of the national economy in relation with changes in the world market? The magnitude of the Mexican crisis is mainly characterized by a rapid degradation of the productive and financial sectors. This analysis shows the inefficiency of the different economic policies that have been unable to overcome the problems created by external circumstances and contradictions of the economic growth. When analyzing the financial dynamics, we also examined the extend of the influence of monetary policy under the constraints of budget balance policies and the balance of payment. The results depend firstly on the financing of the economic activity, and secondly on the degree of openness of the economy specially the internationalization of the national financial system has led to the formation of a highly dependent monetary model because it has suffered greatly due to the reinforcement of the circulation of foreign currency (us dollar) in the local financial markets
Guilhot, Laëtitia. "L'intégration économique régionale de l'ASEAN+3 : la crise de 1997 à l'origine d'un régime régional." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21026.
Full textThe research aims to analyse institutional and economic reality of ASEAN+3. It qualifies so the regional process and determines the referent grouping of regional integration in East Asia, over 1997-2007. The adopted approach is to seek a "complementarity" between IPE and International Economics. Asian crisis can be, consequently, interpreted as the revealing of a need to produce a regional public good, monetary and financial stability in the zone. The failure of the international system to satisfy this need leads the countries of ASEAN+3 to produce this good on a regional basis and, in other words, to implement a regional regime. The question of power of this regime arises then. The concept of leadership and the criteria of estimate of this status show that it relies on a two-headed leadership constituted by China and by Japan. The statistical and econometric tools from International Economics (intra-regional trade, relative intensity, growth rate and gravity model) shed on the lights the ASEAN+3's institutional reality is built on a process of regionalisation. This research concludes so that the ASEAN+3 is on the way to a deep regional integration. It is the referent regional perimeter in East Asia over 1997-2007
Mendonça, Bastos Marta Maria de. "Croissance économique et crise des transports urbains au Brésil : une analyse socio-économique : le cas des transports publics dans l'agglomération urbaine de Fortaleza." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24010.
Full textMacro economics and political analysis of the crises in public services in third world and brazil the study of public transports services in urban areas. Hypothesis : crises in essentials public services are issued from the excluding model of development by industrialisation and lacic of public politics. The consequences of those phenomena are : intense migrations, urban explosion, low level of public services, specially : health education and transports. Also the exclusion of the majority of the thirs world and Brazilian societies of the fruits of this industrial growth
Stellian, Remi. "Financiarisation, gouvernance actionnariale et crise économique : une approche monétaire, la problèmatique de la viabilité." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803890.
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