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Madensen, Tamara D. "Bar management and crime toward a dynamic theory of place management and crime hotspots /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ucin1180461844.
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MADENSEN, TAMARA D. "BAR MANAGEMENT AND CRIME: TOWARD A DYNAMIC THEORY OF PLACE MANAGEMENT AND CRIME HOTSPOTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1180461844.
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Pfigu, Tinashe. "Local responses to a travelling model of crime prevention and crime management : community policing in Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71604.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mention of any form of crime in South Africa for the most part invokes fear of both an unknown or known perpetrator who may strike at any time and inflict harm to one’s body and property. Through ethnographic work that generated qualitative data, the study explores, interprets and analyses what community policing is in practice from three selected localities: Die Boord, Kayamandi and Kylemore in the Stellenbosch Municipality of the Western Cape. This is illustrated throughout the thesis by the descriptions and analysis of processes, ideas and performances of community policing from the local level. Therefore, the important issues the thesis brings out centre on how people define and perform community policing and their perceptions of it. In light of the above statements, how people understood community policing and how they created local sensibilities about community policing as a response to crime informs the discussion and analysis in the thesis. In the process, I bring out what informed people’s perceptions of community policing, how people talked about crime or conceived of security. In so doing, the study aims to use local examples to reveal the at times muted and ignored responses to not only community policing, but also to broader issues around crime prevention and crime management policy and practice. Moreover, the thesis illustrates the numerous ways in which local experiences and constructions of crime shape the practice of community policing. Through the use of ethnography, the study analyses the notion of security in terms of local perspectives, local history and local security needs. The study further explores the relevance of the ‘racialised’ and class experiences of crime and security, as well as social divisions of age and gender in order to understand the differences in perceptions and reactions to community policing at the local level. The notions of the ‘travelling model’ and ‘translation’ provide theoretical constructs to examine how community policing is conceived of in policy at the national and provincial levels in South Africa and the links with the constant changes in the international discourse of crime prevention and crime management. The thesis concludes by illuminating the complexities involved in reforms to crime prevention and crime management in South Africa in response to changing patterns of crime and to criminals who have become ever bolder in their endeavours. In the process, the thesis offers a critique of and sheds light on, to what extent the realities of crime and its related problems in South Africa inform the re-reading of community policing and broader issues around crime prevention and crime management.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die noem van enige vorm van misdaad in Suid-Afrika roep ’n vrees van beide ’n onbekende of bekende oortreder op wat op enige oomblik kan toeslaan en skade aan ’n mens se liggaam en eiendom kan aanrig. Deur die gebruik van etnografiese werk wat kwalitatiewe data opgelewer het, verken, interpreter en analiseer hierdie studie die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring in drie geselekteerde woonbuurte: Die Boord, Kayamandi en Kylemore in die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit van die Wes-Kaap. Dit word in die proefskrif geïllustreer deur die beskrywings en analise van prosesse, idees en opvoerings van gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak. Die belangrike kwessies wat die proefskrif dus na vore bring, sentreer rondom mense se definisies van gemeenskapspolisiëring, hoe hulle dit opvoer en hul persepsies daarvan. Die bespreking en analise in die tesis word, in die lig van die bogenoemde stellings, ingelig deur hoe mense gemeenskapspolisiëring verstaan en hoe hulle plaaslike denkbeelde oor gemeenskapspolisiëring as ’n antwoord op misdaad geskep het. Ek bring in hierdie proses na vore wat mense se persepsies van gemeenskapspolisiëring ingelig het, sowel as die manier waarop mense oor misdaad gepraat het of oor sekuriteit gedink het. Die studie probeer om op hierdie wyse plaaslike voorbeelde te gebruik om die somtyds onderdrukte en geïgnoreerde reaksies, nie slegs op gemeenskapspolisiëring nie, maar ook op wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, in beleid en praktyk, te onthul. Die tesis illustreer verder die verskeie maniere waarop plaaslike ervarings en konstruksies van misdaad die praktyk van gemeenskapspolisiëring vorm. Deur die gebruik van etnografie analiseer die studie die begrip sekuriteit in terme van plaaslike perspektiewe, plaaslike geskiedenis en plaaslike sekuriteitsbehoeftes. Die studie verken verder die relevansie van ’rasiale’ en klaservarings van misdaad en sekuriteit, sowel as sosiale verdelings van ouderdom en geslag om sodoende die verskille in persepsies en reaksies op gemeenskapspolisiëring op die plaaslike vlak te verstaan. Die opvattings rondom die ‘reisende model’ en ’vertaling’ bied teoretiese konstrukte om ondersoek in te stel na hoe gemeenskapspolisiëring in beleid op nasionale en provinsiale vlakke in Suid-Afrika verstaan word en die skakels met konstante veranderings in die internasionale diskoers oor misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur. Die tesis sluit af deur die kompleksiteite wat by misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur in Suid-Afrika betrokke is, te belig, in antwoord op veranderende patrone van misdaad en op misdadigers wat steeds meer vrypostig geword het. In die proses bied die tesis ’n kritiese blik op en belig dit die mate waartoe die realiteite van misdaad en verwante probleme in Suid-Afrika die herlees van gemeenskapspolisiëring, sowel as wyer kwessies rondom misdaadvoorkoming en misdaadbestuur, inlig.
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Morgan, John B. "The investigation of crime: the myths and the reality." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12203/.
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Initially the study focussed on the factors affecting the ability of the police to solve crimes. An analysts of over twenty thousand police deployments revealed the proportion of time spent investigating crime contrasted to its perceived importance and the time spent on other activities. The fictional portrayal of skills believed important in successful crime investigation were identified and compared to the professional training and 'taught skills’ given to police and detectives. Police practitioners and middle management provided views on the skills needed to solve crimes. The relative importance of the forensic science role. fingerprint examination and interrogation skills were contrasted with changes in police methods resulting from the Police and Criminal Evidence Act and its effect on confessions. The study revealed that existing police systems for investigating crime excluding specifically cases of murder and other serious offences, were unsystematic, uncoordinated, unsupervised and unproductive in using police resources. The study examined relevant and contemporary research in the United States and United Kingdom and with organisational support introduced an experimental system of data capture and initial investigation with features of case screening and management. Preliminary results indicated increases in the collection of essential information and more effective use of investigative resources. In the managerial framework within which this study has been conducted, research has been undertaken in the knowledge elicitation area as a basis for an expert system of crime investigation and the potential organisational benefits of utilising the Lap computer in the first stages of data gathering and investigation. The conclusions demonstrate the need for a totally integrated system of criminal investigation with emphasis on an organisational rather than individual response. In some areas the evidence produced is sufficient to warrant replication, in others additional research is needed to further explore other concepts and proposed systems pioneered by this study.
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Leung, Ka-man. "Gender differences in risk perception in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424734.
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McCord, Eric Steven. "The relationship between place management and physical environment in apartment crime." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2686.
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The focus of this research is crime in multi-unit rental structures, Specifically, apartment complexes. It seeks to identify management policies and environmental attributes that are associated with lower crime and police calls for service rates.
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Bulamile, Ludigija Boniface. "Homeowner's Architectural Responses to Crime in Dar Es Salaan : Its impacts and implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11388.
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HTML clipboardThis study is about Homeowner’s architectural responses to crime in Dar es Salaam Tanzania: its impacts and implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management. The study explores and examines the processes through which homeowners respond to crimes of burglary, home robbery and fear of it using architectural or physical elements. The processes are explored and examined using case study methodology in three cases in Dar es Salaam. The cases are residential areas of Mikocheni B, Ilala Kasulu and Chang’ombe Housing. The findings from the three cases are compared and the common findings are illuminated and discussed using criminology, economic and social theories and concepts. The results of the study show that, homeowners physically and architecturally modify their home environments for many reasons. Homeowners do so by building or erecting wall fences around their houses and install or barricade doors and windows using metal bars. From the study, the notable main reasons are security and protection from burglary, thefts, home robbery and visual and physical privacy. Others include property marking, disputes and misunderstandings between neighbours and property encroachment by neighbours. In the study, it has been established that, the actions by the homeowners in responding to crime of burglary, thievery and home robberies have impacts and implications on the built environment. The impacts are: affects the visual experience of the built form by limiting view to houses; keeps neighbours apart thus limiting social interaction among residents; segregating public spaces and thus making them empty without people; encroaching on the streets; reducing surveilability of streets and neighbouring dwellings; create the impression of ‘private appearance’ therefore stigmataizing the residential neighbourhoods, all of which increase the vulnerability of areas as well as enhancing the ‘subjective’ feeling of fear in the areas. Furthermore, the responses pose risks to residents when fire evacuation from homes is required, including the effects that affect the environmental comfort conditions of homes and the overall built environment. Despite of the impacts to the built environment as summarised in the foregoing, the study has shown that, homeowners still erect wall fences and barricade their homes due to fear arising from previous crimes. On the basis of the impacts, a new approach to planning of residential housing areas is recommended in which the question of security against crime is included as design factor particularly in urban design. Either an approach to architectural design of houses and the layout of houses that considers crime as an important factor in addition to ‘target hardening’ approach is recommended to increase visibility and surveilability of built environments. The study concludes by highlighting five implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management at planning and architectural design, considerations which may be of impacts towards improving built environment and management of the urban residential arena. The study ends by outlining and recommending areas of further research.QC 20100706
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Colyer, Corey Joseph Bogdan Robert. "Sentencing the cure Treatment facilitation and crime control management in a drug court workgroup /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Hands, David. "Design 'brief' management : investigating how organisations introduce crime resistant attributes into the design brief." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418889.
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Ekwall, Daniel. "Antagonistic Gateways in the Transport Network in a Supply Chain Perspective." Licentiate thesis, Göteborg : Borås : Division of Logistics and Transportation, Chalmers University of Technology ; School of Engineering, University College of Borås, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2320/1766.
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Herbert, Carey Lynn 1967. "A test of self-control explanations of white-collar crime." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288709.
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Nowhere is the tendency to typologize in criminological research more evident than in the area of white-collar crime research, which is often aimed at distinguishing white-collar criminals and their crimes from other types of criminals and their offenses. This study incorporates a test of the applicability of Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory to white-collar crime--a form of criminal conduct to which the theory's critics assert it is inapplicable. For those who attribute more planning and sophistication to white-collar crime than to other forms of offending, explanations for white-collar offending that reference impulsivity and inattention to the consequences of action are decidedly unsatisfactory. Analyses of survey data, collected as part of the Tucson Youth Project, indicate that self-control is a significant predictor of workplace offending. From an operational standpoint, the relative merits of behavioral versus attitudinal measures of self-control were considered. These findings suggest that behavioral measures of self-control are better predictors of offending. Although possibly a measurement artifact, the findings also suggest that attitudinal self-control is only spuriously related to offending. The perceived need to distinguish white-collar crime stems from the dissimilarities between white-collar crime and "ordinary" street crime. These crimes are often separated along spatial lines, and their perpetrators are often separated along race and socioeconomic status lines. Testing the validity of these distinctions was another objective of this study. Analyses were performed to determine whether the patterns of association between offending and known correlates of offending are similar for both white-collar and non-white-collar crime. The results indicate that offending in the workplace and offending beyond the workplace are more similar than not. One important finding is that self-control explains less of the variation in white-collar offending than in non-white-collar offending. One plausible explanation for this finding is that criminal opportunity plays a relatively more important role in workplace deviance than in other contexts. The mechanisms by which organizations affect the behavior of individuals are, of course, still a matter of theoretical conjecture, and an important subject for future research.
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Ranstorp, Magnus. "Radical Shi'ism in Lebanon : Western government crisis management techniques in dealing with hostage incidents, 1982-1992." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15168.
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The responses by the American, French, and British governments, in efforts to secure the release of their citizens taken hostage in Lebanon, have demonstrated the difficulty for Western states in reconciling their firmly-held principles of no-negotiations and no-concessions in dealing with either the Hizb'allah or its patrons with the actual and practical realities governing any resolution to the hostage-situations in Lebanon, This case-study on the dynamics of the Hizb'allah and its interaction with Iran and Syria provides a basis for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Western government responses to the hostage-crisis in Lebanon using crisis management techniques. This study shows that the abduction of Western citizens by Hizb'allah was motivated either by internal organisational requirements or in alignment with Syrian and Iranian interests, and that mechanisms for the resolution of the hostage-crisis were subject to continuous interaction between Hizb'allah, Iran, and Syria influenced by internal Lebanese, regional, and international events. The Western responses to the hostage-crisis showed limited effectiveness as the crisis management techniques were poorly adjusted in timing and direction to the actual crisis environment. With the exception of the French response, the overall employment of Western crisis management techniques showed disregard for the opportunities and constraints in the fluctuating relationship between Syria and Iran as well as the political environment within Lebanon which the Hizb'allah operates and exists. This was clear by their failure to rely on either Iran or Syria as the only channel in negotiations over hostages without regard to their individual ability to exert its influence over the movement in accordance with shifts in their ties to Hizb'allah's command leadership between 1987-1991 and to the status of the Iranian-Syrian relationship over time, as displayed by the friction between 1986-92. This study provides a new approach in the study of terrorism by merging a case-study of the dynamics of the hostage-crisis with an evaluation of Western responses through crisis management techniques in order to more closely resolve the dilemma of the fulfillment of these states' duty to protect their citizens taken hostage abroad, without major sacrifices in the conduct of foreign policy.
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Linning, Shannon J. "The Neo-Jacobian Perspective of Place and Neighborhood Crime: A Case Study of Property Ownership, Redevelopment, and Crime in Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553528798124223.
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Demirci, Suleyman. "New Organized Crime: Problems and Issues for Information Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2907/.
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This study illustrates the changing nature of organized crime at both national and international levels. Organized crime groups have changed in that they have entered the realm of high technology. In response this change, the use of new or modified analytical tools is suggested to enhance law enforcement efforts. This study highlights the problems of, and offers particular solutions for information analysis in its use in the fight against organized crime. Ultimately, it is argued that combined crime and intelligence analysis can be an effective and efficient method for the detection and prevention of modern organized crime.
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Ladokun, Ayodele Olanrewaju. "Geographies of juvenile crime: a study of crime in selected high schools in East London, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/345.
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Youth crime has been and still is a social problem in South Africa. It is a problem that shakes the very fabric of the society. The problem with the youth in modern society is both a national concern and an important subject for academic study. High school environments are where youths converge for learning purposes, but they have also turned to hotspots for crime. Different theories on explanations for high school crime have been developed over time. This particular study, conducted in 2008, adopts the criminal opportunity theory to study the social, economic and the demographic characteristics of selected environments in which high schools are located to determine significant factors that are conducive for high schools to be crime hotspots. Three schools were selected in different neighbourhoods in East London for the study. The study used an intensive case design technique to conduct the research. Different characteristics of the communities in which the schools that were studied were located showed different crime pattern. The Law enforcement agencies also realize these differences and they try to address crime issues in various communities in the study areas individually
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Muftah, Mustafa Ramadan. "Corporate criminal liability : an analytical study of the application of the criminal law to companies and to their directing management." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603189.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the concept of corporate criminal liability in Britain and elsewhere when comparison is needed. The concept of holding a corporation criminally liable is not new, it has been known for a long time, but the development in the last century and especially in the last quarter of this century is the main reason to turn and focus the public's attention towards blaming corporations for a quite wide range of society's ills. As a result of decisions by corporate executives or managers, and because corporation's negligence and pursuit of profits at any cost, may cause harm and inflicted risks on workers, consumers and the general public. It can be shown that many accidents indicate willful violations of health, safety and environmental regulations. Despite the fact that violations may cause serious harm to the entire communities (eg cases of toxic chemical dumps, and radioactive water leaking from improperly maintained nuclear reactors), nonetheless prosecution of corporation is not always successful. Moreover, while corporations are accused of polluting the environment, and are blamed for destroying the economic structure of a community, at the same time they may be praised for community service projects, and be credited with providing jobs. The concept of the separate legal personality of corporations has posed many questions when dealing with corporations or their executives and managers. Even with the development of the criminal law regarding the concept of crime and the various attempts to bring corporations under the umbrella of criminal law the problem have not fully resolved. Practical problems occur when considering whether corporations are capable of acting themselves. This thesis is an attempt to follow the development of corporate criminal liability, discuss the present state of the law and ask what is the best view which should be taken to achieve the goal of criminal law to control all kinds of behaviour that are appropriate to be controlled by the criminal law whether of individuals or corporations and other forms of organizations. The views of those who argue that companies cannot be subjected to criminal punishment because they do not have the requisite mens rea to commit crimes, and because of the difficulty of imposing certain penalties such as imprisonment or the death penalty on corporations, are incorrect. Changes in public attitudes towards wrongful conduct by corporations and their increasing role in every aspect of daily life, bringing with it increasing number of accidents and disasters has led to a corpus of literature which is prepared to attribute blame to corporations for their misbehaviour.
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Visser, A. J. (Abraham Johannes). "Community policing as a crime prevention strategy for the Cape Town City Police." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53332.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study is to establish if community policing is being implemented by the Cape Town City Police and if so, to what extent. The study further aims to establish whether the full implementation of community policing could be expected to have a positive impact on the reduction of crime in Cape Town. To this end, the reader is presented with a brief overview of local government in South Africa, an in-depth discussion of the transformation process which resulted in the current municipal structures, and an introduction to the non-traditional local government function of crime prevention. Local government's increasing involvement in crime prevention and the resulting establishment of municipal police services are discussed and it is argued that crime prevention strategies of municipal police services should build on existing local government efforts and should therefore focus on removing the root causes of crime. Further to the above, a detailed discussion of community policing is embarked upon. This section provides a theoretical account of what community policing entails, as well as a theoretical framework against which the researcher's empirical study with regard to the implementation of community policing by the Cape Town City Police, can be planned, executed and the results thereof be evaluated. It deals with the relevant historical perspectives, presents a workable definition for community policing that will direct the further conduct of the research and provides detailed discussions on each of the elements of community policing. Implementation of this policing method with specific reference to South Africa, the requirements of a community police officer, as well as the relationship between fear, disorder and crime are also dealt with here. The results of the researcher's empirical study are furthermore presented and it is concluded that certain steps have indeed been taken by the Cape Town City Police towards the institutionalisation of community policing and that the full implementation of community policing by this service can be expected to have a significant impact on the prevention of crime in Cape Town. In closing, the reader is presented with practical recommendations which will ensure the effective implementation of community policing by the Cape Town City Police.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om vas te stel of gemeenskapspolisieëring tans deur die Kaapstad Stadspolisie toegepas word, en indien wel, tot watter mate. Die studie poog verder om vas te stel of dit verwag kan word dat die implementering van gemeenskapspolisieëring 'n positiewe impak op die vermindering van misdaad in Kaapstad sal hê. Om hieraan te voldoen, word die leser voorsien van 'n oorsig van plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika, 'n in-diepte bespreking van die transformasieproses wat gelei het tot die huidige munisipale strukture, asook 'n bekendstelling van die nie-tradisionele plaaslike regeringsfunksie van misdaadvoorkoming. Plaaslike regering se toenemende betrokkenheid by misdaadvoorkoming en die gevolglike vestiging van munisipale polisiedienste word bespreek en dit word aangevoer dat misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë van munisipale polisiedienste behoort te bou op bestaande plaaslike regeringspogings en behoort derhalwe te fokus op die verwydering van die onderliggende oorsake van misdaad. In aansluiting met bogemelde word 'n breedvoerige bespreking van gemeenskapspolisieëring aangebied. Hierdie afdeling voorsien 'n teoretiese oorsig oor wat gemeenskapspolisieëring behels, asook 'n teoretiese raamwerk waarteen die navorser se empiriese studie ten opsigte van die implementering van gemeenskapspolisieëring deur die Kaapstad Stadspolisie, beplan, uitgevoer en die resultate daarvan ge-evalueer kan word. Dit bied 'n oorsig van die relevante historiese perspektiewe, 'n werkbare definisie van gemeenskapspolisieëring wat die verdere navorsing sal rig, asook 'n breedvoerige bespreking van die elemente van gemeenskapspolisieëring. Implementering van hierdie metode van polisieëring met spesifieke verwysing na Suid-Afrika, die vereistes van 'n gemeenskapspolisieëringsbeampte, asook die verwantskap tussen vrees, wanorde en misdaad word ook hier behandel. Die resultate van die navorser se empiriese studie word verder aangebied en die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat sekere stappe wel geneem is deur die Kaapstad Stadspolisie ten opsigte van die instelling van gemeenskapspolisieëring en dat verwag kan word dat die volle implementering van gemeenskapspolisieëring 'n daadwerklike impak op die voorkoming van misdaad in Kaapstad sal hê. Ten slotte word praktiese aanbevelings aangebied wat die effektiewe implementering van gemeenskapspolisieëring deur die Kaapstad Stadspolisie sal verseker.
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George, Richard. "The personal and situational factors influencing decision-making by long-haul travellers' in relation to crime-risk : an empirical investigation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5885.
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Maseko, Bethuel Oupa. "The management of performance in crime prevention at Esikhawini police station : a critical evaluation / Bethuel Oupa Maseko." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4264.
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The researcher has investigated the performance of Esikhawini police station in crime
prevention. The aim of the study was to investigate the root causes of the station's
underperformance in the prevention and combating of crime. The objectives of the study were intended to determine the application of sound management principles in the management of the police station. They further aimed at etennining the level of application and compliance with departmental policies. The researcher had obtained 101 voluntary participants who completed the questionnaire. The study found that the commanders at the police station did not possess the expected level of competence to ensure that the police station operated optimally, and provide the quality of service so desperately required by the communities at Esikhawini. The study revealed a serious shortcoming in the comprehension and
interpretation of performance and performance management. The researcher concluded that the inadequate managerial skills and failure to
understand the key management tools like performance and the management of
performance contributed to the situation of underperformance . The researcher recommended that specific in-house designed developmental
programmes be undertaken at the station to improve the competency levels of managers and members at the station.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus,
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Hopper, Ronald Lynn Jr. "Socialization, Role Attainment and Stigma Management in BDSM." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1132.
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This research focuses on the methods of introduction into BDSM, role identification, and the management of private information as it relates to BDSM. The method utilized for this study was in-depth interviews of fifteen current participants in the BDSM subculture. It is primarily through peer association, sexual scripting, and impression management that new members are introduced, learn their role, and manage their information within the BDSM subculture. It was found that peer association is the primary method of socializing members. Role identification is accomplished through both a method of sexual scripting as well as complimentary differentiation, the process by which a stimulus is transmitted and received, and subsequent stimuli are transmitted back, reinterpreted and responded to. It is through impression management and stigma management that members learn to maintain the privacy of their participation. Future research should include additional analysis with a larger sample size to determine if the current findings will continue to hold true.
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Longino, Chris. "Organized Crime in Insurance Fraud: An Empirical Analysis of Staged Automobile Accident Rings." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5731.
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The growing trend of insurance fraud continues to cost US consumers billions of dollars a year through increased premiums. In 2015, the Coalition Against Insurance Fraud estimated the cost of insurance fraud as being at least $80 billion dollars a year. Even though an increasing number of criminals are drawn to the low risk, high reward of insurance fraud, little criminological literature has explored this topic and the public remains relatively unaware of the extent of the problem.
One alarming aspect of insurance fraud is the involvement of organized criminal groups. These organized criminal enterprises are formed for the sole purpose of defrauding the insurance industry. Often, these enterprises are believed to have ties to traditional organized criminal groups, such as the Italian Mafia or the Russian Mob. In order to combat these criminal organizations, it is important to understand the behavior and motivation of such groups.
The present study aims to analyze the generally held belief throughout the insurance industry that organized insurance fraud rings are more likely to operate in states with mandatory Personal Injury Protection (PIP) policies. This analysis was conducted by examining staged automobile accidents reported to the National Insurance Crime Bureau. The results of this analysis were mixed. Although a larger percentage of states with mandatory PIP displayed higher staged accident rate, some mandatory PIP states did not, and multiple non-PIP states also demonstrated a high staged accident rate. In an attempt to better understand this crime, further criminological research is needed.
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Leung, Ka-man, and 梁嘉雯. "Gender differences in risk perception in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979245.
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Diwa, Zainabu Mango. "Managing the proceeds of crime : an assessment of the policies of Tanzania, South Africa and Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5469.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study assesses the policies for managing recovered proceeds of crime in three countries, namely, Tanzania, South Africa and Nigeria. It considers the role and relevance of asset management in the asset recovery regimes of the three countries. Managing the proceeds of crime divides into two stages: the pre-confiscation stage and the post-confiscation stage. International best practices (IBPs) in asset management have been employed as a yardstick for the assessment. On the face of it, asset management is complementary to asset recovery policy. The management of preserved and recovered assets maintains their value and enables states to apply the assets to other policy objectives after the finalisation of the recovery process. From this perspective, proper asset management arguably lies at the heart of asset recovery policy. Asset recovery as a policy is concerned with the pursuit of two objectives, namely, combating crime and correcting the harm caused by crime. These objectives are encapsulated in two prominent principles: the principle that crime should not pay and the principle of corrective justice. Thus, asset management policy, as an element of asset recovery policy, needs to express these two principles and address their corresponding policy objectives. A number of challenges face the asset management institutions (AMIs) in the three designated states. They fall into two categories: policy challenges and legal challenges. The main policy challenge pertains to unbalanced or skewed policy objectives. Tanzania and Nigeria, in particular, give too much consideration to combating crime and too little to correcting the harm caused by crime to the community. These policy objectives need to be balanced by the states taking seriously the principle of corrective justice as fundamental to asset management policy. In this connection, compensation to victims, funding of institutions dealing with the victims of crime, funding of public good projects and funding of law enforcement agencies are available as ways of addressing the harm caused by the offence and showing commitment to ensuring that nobody suffers loss as a result of crime. Despite the existence and implementation of a proper asset management regime, certain factors affect the value of the preserved and recovered assets negatively. They include enforcement of certain rights in favour of the defendant, such as payment of legal, living and business expenses from the preserved assets, and certain asset recovery procedures, such as plea bargaining, non-conviction based asset recovery and administrative asset recovery. Proper legal controls are required in order to reduce the impact of such factors upon the value of preserved and recovered assets. The study concludes with a focus on the asset management regime of Tanzania. Various recommendations are offered towards the attainment of a Tanzanian regime structured in terms of balanced policy objectives. The recommendations cover three aspects: the general coverage of the law, the functioning of AMIs and the legal control of the factors that were identified as affecting the value of assets during the recovery process.
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Hur, Yongbeom. "ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, TURNOVER, AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: FOCUSING ON MUNICIPAL POLICE SERVICES." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukypaud2007d00576/ETD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2007.Title from document title page (viewed on June 12, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 222 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-219).
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Monk, Khadija M. "How Central Business Districts Manage Crime and Disorder: A Case Study in the Processes of Place Management in Downtown Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342104635.
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Bulamile, Ludigija Boniface. "Homeowner's architectural responses to crime in Dar Es Salaam its impacts and implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management /." Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11388.
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ROSA, DANIELE S. "Caracterização química, física e isotópica de Usub(3)Sisub(2) para fins forenses nucleares." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10061.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Board, Virginia E. "Semper Fi: How Images of Death in NCIS Affect Attitude Change." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32724.
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This pre-test, post- test experiment examined the effects of mortality salience, frames of the military and military personnel, and regulatory focus on viewer attitudes toward the military, support for the military, and their perceptions of military personnelâ s criminal behavior. Participants viewed a short video clip from an episode of NCIS which contained either a sympathetic or non-sympathetic frame of the military and, in the treatment condition, a mortality salience reminder. Frame (sympathetic or non-sympathetic) had a significant effect on participant attitudes toward the military in the control condition when there was no mortality salience reminder present in the video clip. However, when participantsâ mortality was made salient, attitudes and support for the military did not change. Theoretical and practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.Master of Arts
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Schoeman, Marelize. "A classification system and an inter-disciplinary action plan for the prevention and management of recidivism." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05312004-141418.
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Paula, Gauthama Carlos Colagrande Fornaciari de. "Crimes financeiros e política criminal: estudo de acórdãos do TRF da 3ª Região sobre os crimes de gestão fraudulenta e gestão temerária no período de 2001 a 2010." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8845.
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This work aims to produce knowledge about how the Brazilian Federal Court of the 3rd Region has been deciding about two of the main crimes related to the management of the financial institutions: fraudulent management and reckless management. Both crimes have been criticized by the doctrine, because of their failures of definition, since the edition of the federal law n. 7.492, in 1986. Furthermore, their legislative prevision has characteristics that comes close to the paradigm of the criminal law of risk, that is: crimes of abstract danger, that protect collective juridical good, committed by administrators who have the duty of trustworthiness in the management of the institutions, which are submitted to the inherent risks of the financial system. The adoption of this paradigm is contentious in the criminal law doctrine, because implies the flexibilization of the basic rights in a Rule of Law State under the perspective of the traditional criminal law paradigm. Thus, it is adopted the methodology of content analysis of judicial opinions to answer two problems of research: (1) which criteria are adopted by the Court for the characterization of the crimes? (2) Do the judicial opinions come close to one of the paradigms of criminal law? The hypotheses to be tested are: (1) that the Court considers mainly the practice of the conduct without analyzing its harmful potentiality under an ex ante perspective; and, (2) that this discourse of imputation of responsibility comes close to the paradigm of the criminal law of risk, considering, in context, other elements in the judicial opinions. In the first part, there is the methodological introduction; in the second, the theoretical framework; in the third and fourth, the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative results with their discussion; in the end, there is the conclusion, with a proposal of a new problem to be investigated.
Este trabalho visa produzir conhecimento sobre como o Tribunal Regional Federal da 3ª Região tem decidido sobre dois dos principais crimes afetos à administração das instituições financeiras: gestão fraudulenta e gestão temerária. Trata-se de delitos criticados pela doutrina em razão das falhas de definição dos tipos, desde a edição da Lei 7.492, em 1986. Além disso, a sua previsão legislativa possui características que os aproximam do paradigma do direito penal do risco, ou seja: são crimes de perigo abstrato, que tutelam bem jurídico supra-individual, praticados por administradores detentores do dever de probidade na condução das instituições frente aos riscos inerentes à dinâmica do sistema financeiro. A adoção desse paradigma é controversa na doutrina penal por implicar a flexibilização de garantias do Estado Democrático de Direito sob a perspectiva do paradigma do direito penal tradicional. Diante disso, adota-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo de decisões para se responder a dois problemas de pesquisa: (1) Quais os critérios adotados pelo Tribunal para a configuração dos crimes? (2) As decisões aproximam-se de algum paradigma de direito penal? As hipóteses objeto de teste são: (1) que o Tribunal considera principalmente a prática da conduta sem analisar a sua potencialidade lesiva sob uma perspectiva ex ante; e, (2) que esse discurso de imputação de responsabilidade aproxima as decisões do paradigma do direito penal do risco, considerados, em contexto, outros elementos presentes nas decisões. Na primeira parte, é feita uma introdução metodológica; na segunda, estabelece-se o referencial teórico; na terceira e na quarta, realizam-se as análises dos resultados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos com a sua discussão; por fim, procede-se à conclusão, levantando-se novo problema a ser investigado.
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Filipin, Ana Lúcia Oliveira. "A efetividade da lei 9.605/98 em crimes contra a flora praticados por pessoas jurídicas em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4094.
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The State of Sergipe currently has a significant deficit in its vegetation and that situation can be attributed to lack of a state policy that prioritizes forests, for example, forest restoration and planting of exotic species to fill the energy demand. Contributes to this framework, the aggressions against Flora caused by legal entities, considered by existing legislation as environmental crimes. In this sense, this research has as main objective to evaluate the effectiveness of the law 9.605 / 98, by identifying, in tax assessments, crimes against Flora by a legal entity, applied by IBAMA in the State of Sergipe in the period 2000 to 2011. the specific objectives aimed to identify the number of cases that were resolved at the administrative level and its consequences, and to identify the type of legal treatment of the processes of environmental crimes against Flora. This research is classified as documentary, exploratory, descriptive and qualitative-quantitative. To achieve the required purpose, 17 cases were analyzed in IBAMA headquarters in the period June-August 2014, which were selected crimes of destruction, deforestation and fire Flora, to evaluate the effectiveness of the Law of environmental crimes at the administrative , civil and criminal, with special emphasis on process duration and the payment of administrative fine. In possession of the existing geographical coordinates processes, it was possible to generate a map of the environmental degradation caused by Legal Entities in the state of Sergipe, leading to the conclusion that the Law 9.605 / 98 does not achieve the aims for which it was developed. Since it was found that at the administrative level there was a low percentage of fines collected and recovered areas, that in criminal cases the defendants were acquitted or sentenced to moved around penalties and crimes considered less offensive potential and in the civil sphere no concrete action was implemented.O Estado de Sergipe possui atualmente um déficit significativo em sua vegetação e tal panorama pode ser atribuído a ausência de uma política estadual de florestas que priorize, por exemplo, a recuperação florestal e o plantio de espécies exóticas para suprir a demanda energética. Contribui para este quadro, as agressões contra a Flora ocasionadas por pessoas jurídicas, consideradas pela legislação vigente como crimes ambientais. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral avaliar a efetividade da lei 9.605/98, por meio da identificação, nos autos de infração, de crimes cometidos contra Flora por pessoa jurídica, aplicados pelo IBAMA no Estado de Sergipe no período de 2000 a 2011. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se identificar e analisar o número de processos que foram resolvidos na esfera administrativa e seus desdobramentos, além de verificar o tipo de tratamento jurídico dado aos processos de crimes ambientais contra a Flora. Essa pesquisa é classificada como documental, exploratória, descritiva e qualiquantitativa. Para lograr o propósito requerido, 17 processos foram analisados na sede do IBAMA no período de junho a agosto de 2014, em que foram selecionados os crimes de destruição, desmatamento e incêndio contra a Flora, para avaliar a efetividade da Lei de crimes e infrações ambientais nas esferas administrativa, cível e penal, dando especial ênfase ao tempo de duração do processo e o recolhimento da multa administrativa. De posse das coordenadas geográficas existentes nos processos, foi possível gerar um mapa da degradação ambiental ocasionada por Pessoas Jurídicas no estado de Sergipe, levando-se a conclusão de que a Lei 9.605/98 não tem alcançado, no Estado de Sergipe, os objetivos para os quais foi elaborada, uma vez que constatou-se que na esfera administrativa houve um baixo percentual de multas recolhidas e de áreas recuperadas; que na esfera penal os réus foram absolvidos ou condenados a penas módicas e os crimes considerados como de menor potencial ofensivo e na esfera cível nenhuma ação concreta foi implementada.
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Mielitz, Katherine Suzanne. "Investigating offenders’ post-release financial intentions." Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38609.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human Ecology-Personal Financial Planning
Maurice M. MacDonald
Crimes are committed for a vast and varying number of reasons. Many of those who commit crime are found guilty and serve their sentences. In most situations, the offenders will complete their sentences and subsequently be released back into society. The question then arises, is the offender prepared to return to society? There are numerous factors associated with successful reentry, but one that has not yet been addressed is financial behavior after release. This dissertation takes a first step toward understanding potential post-release financial behavior. The purpose of this primary data study was to use the theory of planned behavior as a context to examine how aspects of incarceration history—the type of crime committed (financial and non-financial), total years incarcerated, and total number of convictions—may influence financial attitude, financial subjective norms, perceptions of behavioral control, and post-release financial intentions. Use of the theory of planned behavior in this special, vulnerable population is needed to assist educators and professionals to determine what training offenders may need to succeed once back in society. This study focuses on Georgia Transitional Center participants’ post-release financial intentions. There is not much research regarding men and women who have experienced incarceration and their relationships with financial resources. Understanding the nature of Americans’ financial resources is challenging. Adding incarceration to the equation further complicates the investigation, but it is a worthwhile for a more comprehensive understanding of factors that may later affect success in society. This dissertation is the first study to investigate post-release financial intentions of men and women in a work release program.
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September, Léa Maria Freda. "A critical analysis of the application of S24G provisions of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) : the Gauteng Province experience / Léa Maria Freda September." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8448.
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Together with an internationally praised Constitution, South Africa can pride itself in
having one of the best sets of environmental laws in the world, and since EIAs have
become mandatory for projects that negatively affect the environment, our track record
with respect to environmental protection has substantially improved from the Apartheid
days.
But as the integrated and proactive approach to environmental management has
seemingly been established, a new provision was introduced: Section 24G of NEMA
(“Rectification of unlawful commencement of activity”), allowing for retrospective
authorisation of unlawful activities (i.e. activities identified in terms of S24 of NEMA).
Six years after the introduction of the S24G rectification provision in NEMA, its ability to
bring about increased levels of compliance is being questioned. The findings of this
research show that in Gauteng S24G has had an ambivalent effect on compliance: while
on one hand it has artificially increased compliance by rendering illegal activities legal, on
the other, it has seriously undermined the overall compliance and enforcement effort by
opening the door to abuse and effectively providing an escape route for potential
criminals. It is argued that the schizophrenic character of S24G is at the heart of this
dilemma.
This research presents theoretical and practical perspectives on non-compliance and
analyses data collected on S24G applications in Gauteng in order to determine the effect
of S24G on compliance. It also identifies key factors influencing effectiveness of S24G,
and derives from the above key performance areas to improve effectiveness of S24G.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Salgado, Ricardo Baldacin. "O estado de necessidade nas condutas típicas praticadas na gestão de empresas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8992.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-25The purpose of this study is to analyse the application of flagrant necessity at criminal actions described in law and put into practice on business management. The work boards the complexity of entrepreneurs activity and the difficulty that entrepreneurs and managers come to face on making business decisions. Considering the requirements of flagrant necessity, the study analyses how they should be verified in face of corporative world s reality and its complexity. It has been given emphasis to a carefull exam of the requisite about the agent s liability (the entrepreneur, administrator or manager) for bringing into danger (company crisis) that obliged him to practice a criminal action described in law (for example, not paying taxes). The study also discuss the several causes that are responsible for creating a crisis situation in a certain company and it has been suggested manners of verifying its origin effectively. The work observes flagrant necessity in the several penal codes that already took effect in Brazil, the main doctrinaire discussions that surround this theme and that are related to this work´s object and our court decisions about the subject
Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a aplicação do estado de necessidade nas condutas típicas praticadas na gestão de empresas. O trabalho aborda a complexidade da atividade empresarial e a dificuldade encontrada pelos empresários e administradores para a tomada de decisões e administração do negócio. Considerando os requisitos do estado de necessidade, analisa-se como devem ser eles verificados em face da realidade do mundo corporativo e sua complexidade. É dada ênfase para o aprofundamento do estudo no requisito acerca da responsabilidade do agente (o empresário, administrador ou gestor) pela criação do perigo (a crise empresarial) que o obrigou a prática de uma conduta típica (por exemplo, o não pagamento de impostos). São tratadas as diversas causas responsáveis por gerar uma situação de crise em determinada empresa e sugeridas formas de efetivamente se verificar a sua origem. Contempla o trabalho a abordagem do estado de necessidade nos diversos códigos penais que já vigoraram no Brasil, as principais discussões doutrinárias que envolvem este tema e se mostram pertinentes para o objeto da dissertação e julgados de nossos tribunais acerca do assunto
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McCarthy, Keith Richard Cameron. "Crime, risk and security in the postal system : the identification and management of risk and security concerns in the 'horizontal distribution pipeline' of Royal Mail." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496603.
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This social science thesis aims to provide a targeted analysis of the issues affecting the changing corporate security situation within the structure of Royal Mail as it moves from a publicly-controlled monopoly into a newly-liberalised marketplace. Royal Mail is, of course, the letter delivery arm of the United Kingdom's postal administration. It is also a business with an extremely long and distinguished history. However, it now operates within a commercial business structure recently experiencing dynamic change and is faced with an evolving marketplace, new information and communications technologies and effective in what was previously its monopolistic domain.
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Ekwall, Daniel. "Managing the risk for antagonistic threats against the transport network." Doctoral thesis, Göteborg : Borås : Division of Logistics and Transportation, Chalmers University of Technology ; School of Engineering, University of Borås, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2320/5033.
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Suutarinen, J. (Johanna). "Ecology of lawbreaking:effects of poaching on legally harvested wolf populations in human-dominated landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222271.
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Abstract Illegal killing of wolves (hereinafter ’wolf poaching’) in human-inhabited areas where wolves are also legally harvested is a special case of wildlife crime. This doctoral thesis examines wolf poaching in Finland and Sweden from the ecological perspective. In the first paper, we examined the causes of mortality among collared Finnish wolves and the role of estimated poaching rates on population changes. The second paper related the likelihood of being poached to covariates expressing different dimensions of the wolf conflict at two spatial scales (territory and country level) in Finland. Third paper turns the focus to Sweden, where we examined the disappearances of adult wolves in relation to population size, legal harvest and inbreeding. The first two studies were done in collaboration with the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and the third with the Scandinavian wolf research project SKANDULV. Poaching outnumbered other causes of death. Most poaching cases were unverified. Other causes of death were legal harvest, traffic and natural mortalities. Both populations had a relatively high number of wolves with unknown fates. Inbreeding was not related to the disappearances of adult wolves in Sweden. Remoteness to human inhabitation and the detectability of the wolves from the forest roads (road crossings by wolves) increased the likelihood of poaching in Finland. Adult wolves suffered high risk of poaching in both populations. Risk was highest in early spring in Finland. Larger population size increased and the number of legally harvested wolves decreased poaching in both countries. Poaching seemed to limit the study populations despite the management efforts that used legal hunting as a tool to increase tolerance towards wolvesTiivistelmä Suden ja ihmisen rinnakkainelo johtaa konflikteihin, joiden lievittämiseksi susikantoja rajoitetaan usein luvallisella metsästyksellä. Suteen kohdistuu lisäksi laitonta tappamista eli salametsästystä. Tämä väitöstutkimus selvittää salametsästyksen ekologisia vaikutuksia Suomen ja Ruotsin susipopulaatioihin. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä selvitimme suomalaisten pantasusien kuolinsyitä, arvioimme salametsästyksen voimakkuutta ja sen vaikutuksia populaatiotasolla. Toisessa osatyössä tarkastelimme susikonfliktiin liittyvien ennustetekijöiden vaikutusta laittomasti tapetuksi tulemisen riskiin reviiritasolla ja koko Suomen mittakaavassa. Kaksi ensimmäistä osatyötä tehtiin Luonnonvarakeskuksen (Luke) suurpetotutkimuksessa. Kolmas osatyö tehtiin osana skandinaavista susitutkimushanketta (SKANDULV). Siinä selvitimme populaatiokoon, luvallisen pyynnin ja sukusiittoisuuden vaikutuksia aikuisten susien katoamiseen Ruotsissa. Salametsästys oli susien yleisin kuolinsyy, mutta suurin osa tapauksista jää toteen näyttämättä. Muita kuolinsyitä olivat luvallinen metsästys, liikenne ja luonnolliset kuolinsyyt. Aineistoissa oli runsaasti kohtaloltaan tuntemattomaksi jääneitä yksilöitä. Yksilöiden sukusiittoisuusaste ei ollut yhteydessä susien katoamisiin Ruotsissa. Syrjäinen sijainti ja susien havaittavuus metsätiestöltä lisäsivät laittoman tapon todennäköisyyttä Suomessa. Salametsästysriski oli korkein kevättalvella. Aikuisilla susilla oli huomattavan korkea riski tulla laittomasti tapetuksi. Tutkimuksen perusteella salametsästyksen määrää selittävät erityisesti susipopulaation kulloinenkin koko ja luvalliset pyyntimäärät. Suurempi susikanta lisäsi salametsästystä ja metsästyslupien määrä vähensi sen riskiä. Salametsästys vaikuttaa säädelleen susikantoja siitä huolimatta, että susikonfliktia on pyritty lieventämään luvallisella metsästyksellä
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Rademeyer, Ignatius M. "Misdaadvoorkoming in Elsiesrivier : 'n gevallestudie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51830.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The researcher focuses on the contributions made by community involvement, including community policing and crime prevention strategies, on the prevention of attempted murder in Elsies River, a gang ridden area. A theoretical overview of community policing and crime prevention is provided. The combination of crime prevention strategies, community involvement and role players to prevent the contribution caused that give rise to crime, receive attention. Against this background the applicability of social crime prevention - internationally tested policing strategies included - is discussed in order to review the act of attempted murder. Furthemore, the application of the solutions presented at ground level receive attention and reasons are offered for the successful implementation of the Elsies River Community- Police Crime Prevention Action Plan in 1998. The reality is compared to the theory and conclusions are drawn concerning the handling of the problem. Gang activities in Elsies River and the impact thereof on the reporting of attempted murder is summarised. The Elsies River Community- Police Crime Prevention Action Plan which was implemented between April and June 1998, is discussed and the influence thereof on the reporting of attempted murder is analysed statistically. In conclusion the findings of the research are enunciated and recommendations are made to the successful prevention of crime.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie werkstuk word die voorkoming van poging tot moord in Elsiesrivier, 'n bendegeteisterde gebied, deur middel van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid, gemeenskapspolisiëring ingesluit, en misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë ondersoek. 'n Teoretiese oorsig van gemeenskapspolisiëring en misdaadvoorkoming word gegee. Die kombinering van misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë, gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid en die betrokkenheid van rolspelers om die aanleidende faktore wat tot misdaad lei te voorkom, geniet aandag. Teen hierdie agtergrond word die toepaslikheid van sosiale misdaadvoorkoming, waarby ingesluit internasionaal getoetste polisiëringstrategieë, bespreek om die voorkoms van poging tot moord aan te spreek. Voorts geniet die toepassing van die voorgestelde oplossings op grondvlak aandag en redes word aangevoer waarom die implementering van die Elsiesrivier Gemeenskap- Polisie Misdaadvoorkomingsaksieplan in 1998 so suksesvol was. Die praktyk word met die teorie vergelyk en gevolgtrekkings word gemaak rakende die hantering van die probleem. Bendebedrywighede in Elsiesrivier en die impak daarvan op die aanmelding van poging tot moord word oorsigtelik behandel. Die Elsiesrivier Gemeenskap- Polisie Misdaadvoorkomingsaksieplan wat gedurende April tot Junie 1998 geïmplementeer was, word bespreek - die invloed wat dié strategie op die aanmelding van poging tot moord gehad het, word statisties ontleed. Ten slotte word die bevindings van die navorsing weergegee en aanbevelings word gemaak om misdaad suksesvol te voorkom.
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MARIN, RAFAEL C. "Desenvolvimento de metodologias utilizadas nas áreas de salvaguardas e forense nuclear baseadas na técnica LA-HR-ICP-MS." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10589.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Campbell, Anne Olivia. "Drugs, alcohol and crime : an analysis of substance abuse among a sample of the offending population in Northern Ireland and concomitant evaluation of alcohol management programmes as implemented by the Probation Board (N.I.)." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413829.
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Duman, Ali. "Effects of Contingent Factors on Community Policing Activities: A Critical Analysis of Adopting a Certain Policing Model." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1185550613.
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Herge, Camilla, and Cecilia Pedersen. "Det mindre företagets räddning? : en studie om hur ekonomisk brottslighet kan undvikas genom en intern kontroll." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5651.
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The purpose of this essay was to examine whether small businesses can avoid ac-counting crimes with a well-conducted internal control system. The questions we asked ourselves was, whether and if so, companies can prevent this from happening by using a internal control.
In this essay we used a qualitative approach. Essential information was given to us from four different interviewees. We also worked from an inductive approach which means that we interviewed people without any earlier research to build on. The method also had a hermeneutical approach, which means that we made different interpretations based on the reference framework and the empirics.
After the study had been carried out, we concluded that all evidence from this essay suggested that even small businesses need an internal control to protect their business. Therefore, we cannot see any reason for smaller companies not to have an internal control, as we understand that control is of paramount importance to protect their businesses against economic crimes of all kinds. We also believe that economic crime will increase and that it will find new ways, which means that this type of control system will become even more important in the future. Another support system for companies to detect inaccuracies has been the investigative accountant, but when the duty now will vanish for smaller businesses, we believe that internal control will become even more important to prevent economic crime.
Syftet med den uppsatsen var att undersöka om mindre företag kan undvika bokföringsbrott med en bra intern kontroll. Frågorna vi ställde oss är med andra ord om, och i så fall hur, företag kan undvika att en anställd begår ekonomisk brottslighet genom att ha en in-tern kontroll.
Vi använde oss av en kvalitativ metod i den här uppsatsen och har därmed samlat in väsentlig information från olika intervjupersoner. Vi har även arbetat utifrån en induktiv ansats som innebär att vi har intervjuat personer utan att ha någon egentlig forskning att utgå från. Metoden utgörs även av ett hermeneutiskt tolkande perspektiv vilket innebär att vi gör olika tolkningar utifrån referensramen och empirin.
Efter genomförd studie kom vi fram till att allt tyder på att även mindre företag behöver en intern kontroll för att kunna skydda sin verksamhet. Vi kan inte se att det finns någon anledning för mindre företag att inte ha en intern kontroll då vi förstått att kontrollen är av oerhörd stor vikt för att skydda sitt företag mot ekobrott av alla dess slag. Då vi även tror att den ekonomiska brottsligheten kommer att öka och att den kommer finna nya vägar så blir kontrollerna ännu viktigare i framtiden. En annan hjälp för företagen att upptäcka felaktigheter har varit revisorns granskande men då revisorplikten nu kommer att försvinna för mindre företag så tror vi att den interna kontrollen kommer få ännu större betydelse för att gardera sig mot felaktigheter.
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De, Lange Romeo. "An integrated development approach for policing : the case of Operation Good - Hope." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51602.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was embarked upon to identify an alternative approach to policing. It was an attempt to investigate whether an integrated development approach will be more successful in preventing crime and violence than heterogeneous police task teams and operations. Operation Good - Hope in the Western Cape, a SAPS crime prevention strategy to police the urban terror and related crimes (PAGAD and gang violence), was the focus of the study. Plurality of research methodology was introduced to compile data. The data collected was analysed in relation to the topic and the objective of the study and to the research hypothesis. Based on the data analysis the following are the main research findings: • a working relationship existed between various SAPS components within Operation Good - Hope, but was not properly managed and coordinated; • Operation Good - Hope did not allowed for external collaboration with relevant stakeholders and showed no sense of partnership; • Operation Good - Hope did not police the social crime problems; and • Operation Good - Hope was not shaped by a clear analysis and cohesive strategy. The findings of the study gave rise to the following recommendations: • That a local - based strategy for crime prevention be develop and lead by local government to normalise crime and violence; • That a provincial framework be developed for an integrated development approach to police and stabalise serious violent crimes; • That crime prevention solutions must be based on factors that causes crime; and • A crime prevention strategy be designed and implemented. Finally, the study indicates that provincial crime prevention strategies should be supplementive to local - based crime prevention strategies, to simultaneously stabalise and normalise crime and violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om 'n alternatiewe benadering tot polisieëring te identifiseer. Dit is ook 'n poging om uit te vind of 'n geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsbenadring meer suksesvol is as hetrogene polisie taakspanne en operasies met die bekamping van misdaad en geweld. Operasie Goeie - Hoop in die Wes - Kaap, 'n SAPD misdaadvoorkoming strategie om stedelike terreur en verwante misdade (PAGAD en bende geweld) te polisieer, was die fokus van die studie. Data was ingesamel deur middel van 'n pluraliteit van navorsingsmetodologie. Die ingesamelde data was geanaliseer in verhouding tot die tema, doelwitte van die studie en met die navorsingshipotese. Gebaseer op die data analise, is die volgende die hoof bevindinge van die studie: • Daar was samewerking tussen verskillende SAPD komponente betrokke by Operasie Goeie - Hoop, maar dit was nie deeglik bestuur en gekoordineer nie; • Operasie Goeie - Hoop het nie voorsiening gemaak vir eksterne samewerking en vennootskap met relevante rolspelers nie; • Operasie Goeie - Hoop het nie die sosiale - misdaad probleme gepolisieër nie; en • Operasie Goeie - Hoop was nie bestuur deur 'n deeglike analise en deur 'n samehangende strategie nie. Die studie het tot die volgende aanbevelings gelei: • Die ontwikkeling van 'n plaaslike - gebaseerde strategie vir misdaadvoorkoming onder leiding van die plaaslike regering om misdaad en geweld te normaliseer; • Die ontwikkeling van 'n provinsiale raamwerk vir 'n geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsbenadering tot polisieëring en om ernstige geweldsmisdade te stabaliseer; • Dat oplossings tot misdaadvoorkoming gebaseer moet wees op faktore wat misdaad veroorsaak; en • Dat 'n misdaadvoorkomingstrategie ontwerp en geïmplimenteer moet word. Ten slotte toon die studie aan dat 'n provinsiale misdaadvoorkomingstrategie ondersteunend moet wees tot 'n plaaslike - gebaseerde misdaadvoorkomingstrategie, om te gelyke tyd misdaad en geweld te stabaliseer en te normaliseer.
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Cabral, Mónica Isabel Soares. "Perceções dos técnicos periciais relativamente à fiabilidade e admissibilidade como meio de prova dos métodos de Criminalística utilizados pela GNR." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3472.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaNa investigação criminal, a Criminalística representa uma das áreas mais importantes no que concerne à recolha de meios de prova da prática de um determinado crime. Como tal, o presente estudo tem por objetivo determinar quais as principais técnicas utilizadas pelos peritos da GNR na recolha, acondicionamento e transporte de vestígios e qual a sua fiabilidade e admissibilidade como meio de prova em tribunal. Também se pretende apurar se as técnicas que atualmente se encontram a ser utilizadas são eficientes, conciliando a eficácia com a celeridade exigente na adoção destes processos e determinar a existência ou inexistência de discordâncias entre os métodos e técnicas utilizadas e a legislação aplicável às mesmas. Com a intenção de alcançar os objetivos inicialmente propostos, foram incluídos no estudo cerca de 378 indivíduos, dos quais 126 pertencentes ao NAT (Núcleo de Apoio técnico da GNR), 126 advogados e 126 juristas, recorrendo-se a um questionário, elaborado propositadamente para o efeito deste estudo, para a recolha dos dados amostrais. Dos resultados desta investigação, espera-se que os métodos utilizados atualmente pelos peritos da GNR sejam admissíveis e fiáveis enquanto meio de prova nas instâncias judiciárias, havendo assim uma relação positiva entre a eficácia e a celeridade do processo de recolha, acondicionamento e transporte de vestígios. De igual modo, espera-se que estas metodologias além de serem conhecidas sejam também suficientes e eficazes como meio de prova. Decorrida a investigação, crê-se que hajam conhecimentos das fases mais relevantes da abordagem investigativa e qual o tipo de abordagem que deve ser implementado. Relativamente aos vestígios, prevê-se que os mesmos sejam dotados de bastante valor enquanto meio de prova da prática de um facto, podendo, porém, os peritos deparar-se com algumas dificuldades nos seus processos de recolha e acondicionamento. Espera-se igualmente que todas as técnicas utilizadas no âmbito da Criminalística sejam congruentes com aquilo que se encontra previsto nas leis lusitanas. In criminal investigations, the Criminalistics represents one of the most important areas regarding the collection of evidences of a particular crime. This study aims to determine the main techniques used by the experts of the GNR in the collection, packaging and transportation of evidences and its reliability and admissibility as evidence in the court law. It also aims to investigate if the techniques that are currently being used are effective, linking the efficiency with the speedy that these processes need and to determine the existence or nonexistence of disagreements between the methods and techniques used and the laws governing them. Aiming to achieve the objectives initially proposed, the study included about 378 individuals, of which 126 belong to the NAT (Technical Support Center GNR), 126 lawyers and 126 magistrates, using a questionnaire prepared purposely for this study, for the collection of information. From the results of this investigation, it is expected that the methods currently used by the experts of the GNR are admissible and reliable as evidence in legal courts, so there is a positive relationship between the efficiency and speed of the process of collection, packaging and transportation of the evidences. Similarly, it is expected that these methods are also sufficient and effective in searching evidences. It is also believed that there are more relevant knowledge about the phases of the investigative approach and what kind of approach should be implemented. It is expected that the evidences have a lot of value in the court law, however, experts have can have some difficulties in the collecting and packaging processes. It is also expected that all the techniques used in Criminalistics are compatible with the Portuguese laws.
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Baloyi, Nyiketani Jackson. "An evaluation of the impact of community participation and multi-organisational partnerships on the implementation of sector policing in the rural areas of the Limpopo Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80340.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sector Policing is understood to be a relatively new community-based policing approach that finds its initial mandate in the National Instruction 3 of 2009, of the South African Police Service (SAPS). This said National Instruction states that community participation and partnership policing can be promoted through Sector Policing. The mandate for the implementation of the principle of Sector Policing also flows from section 205 (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The significant part of this study is that it provoked an interest in Sector Policing, both within the SAPS and the community; and it attracted a large number of participants. The IAP2 Public Participation Model regarding community participation as discussed by Theron, Ceaser and Davids (2007:8), adapted from the International Association for Public Participation (2007) can play an important role in the implementation of Sector Policing. Sector Policing has been found to fail where there is no community participation or multi-organisational partnerships. The study focused on the Limpopo Province in order to encourage the effective implementation of Sector Policing in rural areas. The study targeted twelve (12) stations out of ninety five (95) police stations found in all the five (5) districts of the Limpopo Province in order to cover a wider policing spectrum, and ensure a representative sample. The study has found that Sector Policing could be better implemented if the project management approach can be adopted in order to carry out work in terms of timeframes, and ensure monitoring as demonstrated in Chapter 5 (Figure 5.2). The study recommended the introduction of implementation teams to oversee the implementation of Sector Policing at provincial, cluster and station levels. A quarterly multi-organisational forum has been proposed to ensure sustainable community participation. Community participation in policing is entrenched in sections 18 to 23 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act 68 of 1995), the White Paper on Safety and Security (1998) and the National Crime Prevention Strategy (1996). The most recent community participation model, especially category C (levels 7-9), which is positioned to empower the community as “the influencer, director, controller and owner” of both decision-making processes is also recommended as a vehicle for effective community participation in Sector Policing (Gwala Participation Model). Monitoring, evaluation and feedback have been identified as effective tools to ensure the effective implementation of Sector Policing, which is currently lacking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sektorpolisiëring blyk ‘n relatief nuwe gemeenskapsgebaseerde polisiebenadering te wees wat sy aanvanklike mandaat in Nasionale Instruksie 3 van 2009 van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD) vind. Die vermelde nasionale instruksie stel dit duidelik dat gemeenskapsdeelname en vennootskapspolisiëring deur Sektorpolisiëring bevorder kan word. Die mandaat vir die implementering van die beginsel van Sektorpolisiëring spruit ook uit onderafdeling 205 (3) van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (1996). Die beduidende deel van hierdie studie is dat dit belangstelling in Sektorpolisiëring ontlok het, beide binne die SAPD en die gemeenskap, en dit het ook ‘n groot aantal deelnemers gelok. Die IAP2 openbare deelnamemodel met betrekking tot gemeenskapsdeelname, soos bespreek deur Theron, Ceaser en Davids (2007:8), wat van die Internasionale Vereniging rakende Openbare Deelname (2006) aangepas is, kan ‘n belangrike rol vertolk in die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring. Daar is bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring ‘n mislukking blyk te wees wanneer gemeenskapsdeelname of multi-organisatoriese vennootskappe afwesig is. Die studie is gerig op die Limpopo Provinsie ten einde die doeltreffende implementering van Sektorpolisiëring in plattelandse gebiede aan te moedig. Die studie het gesentreer op twaalf (12) polisiestasies uit die vyf en negentig (95) wat in die vyf (5) distrikte van die Limpopo Provinsie bestaan ten einde ‘n breër polisiëringspektrum te dek en om ‘n verteenwoordigende monster te verseker. Die studie het bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring beter geïmplementeer sou kon word indien die projekbestuurbenadering toegepas word, so dat werk in terme van tydsraamwerke uitgevoer kan word, en monitering te kan verseker soos in Hoofstuk 5 (Figuur 5.2) gedemonstreer is. Die studie het die aanbeveling gedoen dat implementeringspanne ingestel word om toesig te hou oor die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring op provinsiale, groep- en stasievlak. ‘n Kwartaallikse multi-organisatoriese forum is voorgestel om volhoubare gemeenskapsdeelname te verseker. Gemeenskapsdeelname in polisiëring is verskans in onderafdelings 18 tot 23 van die Suid Afrikaanse Polisiedienswet, 1995 (Wet 68 van 1995), die Witskrif oor Veiligheid en Sekuriteit (1998) en die Nasionale Misdaadvoorkomingstrategie (1996). Die mees onlangse gemeenskapsdeelnamemodel, veral kategorie C (vlakke 7-9 ) wat geposisioneer is om die gemeenskap te bemagtig as “die beinvloeder, direkteur, beheerder en eienaar” van besluitnemingsprosesse, word ook as ‘n middel vir doeltreffende deelname aan Sektorpolisiering aanbeveel (Gwala deelnamemodel). Monitering, evaluering en terugvoer is geidentifiseer as doeltreffende wyses om die effektiewe implementering van Sektorpolisiering te verseker, en dat dit juis die` is wat op die’ oomblik ontbreek.
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Comploier, Mylene. "Gestão e destinação dos bens apreendidos no processo penal." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1170.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-03This study aims to make a critical analysis of the Brazilian management and disposal of apprehended goods seized, impounded, locked and specific foregone by the criminal justice system. Globalization has brought with it the international nature of crime. To face that issue, a new criminal policy has become part from the international agenda, settled on the tripod criminalizing money laundering, international legal cooperation and confiscation. A criminal law reaction is moved to a economic realm, since the application of imprisonment is considered too low to quell this new type of crime, especially in so-called 'white-collar offenses'. With this paradigm shift, several relevant international conventions and treaties ratified by Brazil, recommend the objective of placing the offender in the net assets it had before the perpetration of the crime, which gave body to the issue, although tibia way, some pieces of legislation that deal with the asset from crime aspect. Hereinafter new problems emerge notably practical applicability on the issue of asset recovery, including the absence or ineffectiveness of heritage inquiries, need to Changeover the mentality of of law operators and the pressing request for creating bodies or agencies that devolve management of seized goods, including its preservation provisional use, selling or leasing prior. On the legislative side, as well is approaching-acute the approval from a bill that comes to domain putting out civil action order to make it possible the enlarged lost, by taking into consideration the new global criminal policy adopted regarding the economic criminality was ratified by several international conventions and treaties.
O presente trabalho pretende efetuar uma análise crítica do modelo em curso no Brasil para gestão e destinação de bens apreendidos, sequestrados, arrestados, bloqueados e determinados perdidos pelo sistema de Justiça Penal. A globalização trouxe consigo o caráter transnacional do crime. Para fazer frente a essa problemática, uma nova política criminal passou a fazer parte da agenda internacional, assentada no tripé criminalização da lavagem de dinheiro, cooperação jurídica internacional e confisco de bens. A reação penal é deslocada para o âmbito econômico, uma vez que a aplicação da pena de prisão é considerada insuficiente para reprimir essa nova forma de criminalidade, notadamente nos denominados white-collar crimes . Com essa mudança de paradigma, diversas convenções e tratados internacionais ratificados pelo Brasil preconizam o objetivo de colocar o criminoso na situação patrimonial que possuía antes do cometimento do crime, o que deu corpo à edição, ainda que de maneira tíbia, de alguns diplomas legislativos que tratam do aspecto patrimonial do crime. Doravante, surgem novos problemas notadamente de aplicabilidade prática na questão da recuperação de ativos, tais como a ausência ou ineficiência de investigações patrimoniais, a necessidade de mudança de mentalidade dos operadores do direito e a urgente demanda para a criação de órgãos ou agências que se incumbam da gestão de bens apreendidos, incluindo a sua conservação, uso provisório, venda antecipada ou locação. No plano legislativo, avizinha-se também premente a aprovação de projeto de lei que trata da ação civil de extinção de domínio, a fim de tornar possível a perda alargada, levando-se em consideração a nova política criminal mundial adotada em relação à criminalidade econômica, ratificada por diversos tratados e convenções internacionais.
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Jansson, Daniel, and Nils Niklasson. "En analys av statens samhällssatsningar och dess effektivitet för att reducera brottslighet." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275665.
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Through an analysis of the Swedish state budget, models have been developed to deepen the understanding of the effects that government expenditures have on reducing crime. This has been modeled by examining selected crime categories using the mathematical methods Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression and Principal Component Analysis. Combined with a qualitative study of previous research on the economic aspects of crime, an analysis has been conducted. The mathematical methods indicate that it may be more effective to invest in crime prevention measures, such as increased social protection and focus on vulnerable groups, rather than more direct efforts such as increased resources for the police force. However, the result contradicts some of the accepted economic conclusions on the subject, as these highlight the importance of increasing the number of police officers and harsher penalties. These do however also mention the importance of crime prevention measures such as reducing the gaps in society, which is in line with the results of this work. The conclusion should however be used with caution as the models are based on a number of assumptions and could be improved upon further analysis of these, together with more data points that would strengthen the validity of the analysis more.Genom en analys av Sveriges statsbudget har modeller tagits fram för att försöka förstå de effekter olika samhällssatsningar har på brottslighet i Sverige. Detta har modellerats genom att undersöka utvalda brottskategorier med hjälp av de matematiska metoderna Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression samt Principal Component Analysis. Tillsammans med en kvalitativ undersökning av tidigare forskning gällande nationalekonomiska aspekter kring brottslighet har en analys sedan genomförts. De matematiska metoderna tyder på att det kan vara mer effektivt att satsa på brottsförebyggande åtgärder, såsom ökat socialt skydd och fokus på utsatta grupper, istället för mer direkta satsningar på brottsförhindrande åtgärder som exempelvis ökade resurser till polisväsendet. Däremot motsäger resultatet en del av de vedertagna nationalekonomiska slutsatserna om ämnet, då dessa belyser vikten av ökade antalet poliser och hårdare straff. De lyfter även fram vikten av brottsförebyggande åtgärder såsom att minska klyftorna i samhället, vilket går i linje med resultatet av detta arbete. Slutsatsen ska dock användas med försiktighet då modellerna bygger på flertalet antaganden och skulle kunna förbättras vid ytterligare analys utav dessa, tillsammans med fler datapunkter som skulle stärka validiteten.
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Bergsma, Timothy. "General Strain Theory as a Predictor of Occupational Fraud." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/347.
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The world economy loses an estimated $3.5 trillion annually due to fraud. A weakened economy leads to additional hardships for individuals, families, and organizations. General strain theory (GST) posits that certain strains lead to negative emotional responses, and the result is delinquent behavior. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between strain and occupational fraud through the theoretical framework of GST. The research questions addressed (a) occupational frauds as measured by strain levels of perpetrators, (b) the relationship between strain scores and the different occupational fraud types, and (c) the significance of the relationship between fraud motivation and each of the occupational fraud types. A quantitative, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the ACFE Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse database, was conducted to examine the relationship between strain, negative emotionality, and occupational fraud crimes. To examine this relationship, a sample of 2,910 cases were tested using nominal regression, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation. The results indicated that strain is significantly related to asset misappropriation and financial statement frauds. The results also showed that work-related motivation is significantly related to financial statement frauds. Scholars and practitioners should focus on agendas related to strain, work-related motivation, and financial statement frauds. Fewer fraud losses will positively impact society through increased employment opportunities, additional tax revenues for all levels of government, and increased cash flows for investors.
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Ganyaza, Thulisile Zioner. "Multi-disciplinary teamwork in an admission unit of a psychiatric institution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51837.
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Soma, Samantha Isabella. "An Examination of Conflict Conversation in an Online Community: the Pie Fight at DailyKos.com." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1466.
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The increasing popularity of the social web and online communities requires the attention of researchers of conflict resolution. Although there are many ways to resolve conflict offline, the ways in which conflict takes place within a native online context have not been much studied. Are any of the tools and strategies that are used to improve communication offline used successfully online, or are some other strategies taking their place? What communication patterns occur within an online community equipped with comment moderation capabilities? This research is a case study and addressed these questions by performing a qualitative analysis of comment conversations within two diaries that discussed a conflict event known as the Pie Fight within the Daily Kos community in June, 2005.
The findings of this research are organized into three sections, which discuss behaviors related to Communication Style, Conflict Minimization or Avoidance, and community members' response to Comment Moderation (Ratings). Novel communication style behaviors which were noted included the use of cut-and-paste "paraphrasing" which was used to escalate conflict rather than resolving it, medium blaming when the writer's own words were quite obviously provocative, and extended leave-taking as a means of maintaining relationships before departing from the community. Conflict minimization or avoidance behaviors included the assumption that removal of discussion about the conflict by deleting an entire diary and comments threads would somehow resolve the disagreements included in them it, the use of benign verbal aggression which seemed to bring some segments of the community together, and the temporary or permanent departure from the community by members who took part in the conflict discussion. Ratings moderation created another point of conflict when negative ratings were threatened, although negative ratings were used mainly to address unproductive language rather than punish differences of opinion. The use of positive ratings to offer silent support or appreciation to members whose reasoned comments received a dismissive response was also observed. These findings could be used in future research about the suitability of online communities as sites of deliberative discussion.