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1
Erwin, Kish Paul, and Sutton T. Paulette, eds. Principles of bloodstain analysis: Theory and practice. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC, 2005.
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Cinquegrani, Alessandro, Francesca Pangallo, and Federico Rigamonti. Romance e Shoah Pratiche di narrazione sulla tragedia indicibile. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-492-9.
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Over the last 70 years, Holocaust representations increased significantly as cultural objects distributed on a large scale: fictional books, museum sites, artworks, documentaries, and films are only a few samples of those echoes the Holocaust produced in contemporary Western culture. There are some specific patterns in the way the Holocaust has been represented that, however, contrast with the survivors’ account of the same event: for example, the dichotomy between bad and good characters so essential within Holocaust-based media – especially on television and film - does not really match with the testimony’s experience. While storytelling strategies may help to involve the public by emotionally engaging with the story, the risks of altering the real meaning of the Holocaust are quite high: what we often label as a “story” is actually been an outrageous, documented mass-genocide. Furthermore, as the age gap between the present and the past generation progresses, also the collective awareness of Nazi crimes as a real fact gets compromised. This volume explores selected Holocaust narrations by contextualizing the historical, literary, and social influences those texts had in their unique points of view. Starting with some recent examples of Holocaust exploitation through social media, the first chapter explores the paradigm shift when the Holocaust became a cultural, fictional trend rather than a historical massacre. In the second chapter, the analysis examines postmodern representations of Holocaust and Nazi semantics through relevant examples taken from both American and European literature. The third chapter analyses Europe Central by William T. Vollman, as all the narratological and cultural issues considered in the previous two chapters are well outlined in this articulated novel, where the relationship between reality and its representation after the postmodernist period is largely investigated. In chapter four, an account is given of the connections and differences between the narratological category romance, as understood by Northrop Frye, and Holocaust narration features. In chapter five, those elements are used to consider the work of Italian Holocaust survivor and Jewish writer Primo Levi, as his narration around Auschwitz adopts some fictional tools and still refuses undemanding storytelling mechanisms. The sixth and final chapter examines the relevant novel Les Benviellants by Jonathan Littell, considering its Nazi genocide account through the antagonist’s perspective.
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Ruiter, Stijn. Crime Location Choice. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.20.
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Crime is unevenly distributed in space. This chapter discusses the uneven spatial patterns in crime from an offender decision-making perspective. It describes the main theoretical perspectives in environmental criminology (the rational choice perspective, routine activity approach, and crime pattern theory) and reviews the empirical research with an emphasis on studies that have used a discrete spatial choice framework for analyzing individual crime location choices. The strength of the discrete spatial choice framework, several of its assumptions, and its link with random utility maximization theory are discussed. The chapter concludes with several challenges for future crime location choice research, including challenges regarding temporal aspects of criminal decision making, planned versus opportunistic crimes, and solved versus unsolved crimes.
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James, Stuart H., Paul E. Kish, and T. Paulette Sutton. Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Theory and Practice (Practical Aspects of Criminal and Forensic Investigations). 3rd ed. CRC, 2005.
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5
Rossmo, Kim. Geoprofiling Terrorism. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.28.
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A number of recent research projects have explored applications of geographic profiling to counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. These efforts analyzed geospatial patterns of terrorist cells (e.g., the spatial relationship between safe houses and weapon storage sites), tested the ability of these techniques to locate terrorist bases from minor crimes and seditious graffiti, and examined the utility of geoprofiling for locating preparation sites used by insurgents for improvised explosive devices and rocket attacks. In appropriate cases, geoprofiling models have utility for prioritizing geo-intelligence and identifying logistic bases of terrorist operations. This chapter first discusses environmental criminology and the geography of crime. It then covers the basics of geographic profiling, its various applications, and the role of geospatial intelligence and crime pattern theory in counterterrorism. Finally, it examines the geospatial and temporal patterns of terrorism to show how geoprofiling can be used to analyze seditious graffiti, insurgency attacks, cyberterrorism, and bioterrorism.
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Bernasco, Wim. Mobility and Location Choice of Offenders. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.17.
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This chapter analyzes the main topics and questions about offender mobility and crime location choice in terms of individual motivations, resources, constraints, and decisions. It begins with a brief overview of the four main frameworks that have been used to theorize offender mobility and crime location choice. This is followed by a characterization of general human mobility as a series of cyclical movements between a limited set of anchor points, and a review of two research initiatives that collected detailed spatial and temporal information on offender mobility. The subsequent section addresses the extent to which offenders plan and prepare their crimes. The chapter also discusses two core elements in crime pattern theory, namely the facilities that attract offenders and offenses (crime generators and attractors) and awareness space. The final section discusses the spatial unit of analysis in offender mobility and location choice.
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Tompson, Lisa, and Timothy Coupe. Time and Opportunity. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.19.
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This chapter provides insights into often-observed temporal regularities of different types of crime. It begins by briefly appraising relevant theories that explain variations in time incidence. It then discusses methodological issues that are unique to temporal analysis. The bulk of the next section presents temporal patterns from four years of crime data recorded by West Yorkshire Police, UK. Several units of analysis are considered: years, months, weeks, and days, and a medley of theories are used to suggest putative explanations for the observed patterns. It focuses first on crimes committed against property (predominantly theft and damage offenses) before considering crimes committed against people and, finally, Internet-enabled crimes against both people and their property. The intention here is to illustrate a variety of empirical regularities for different crime types, and to posit plausible explanations for those patterns.
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Hipp, John R., and Christopher J. Bates. Egohoods. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.12.
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This chapter focuses on a different conception of ecological space known as egohoods. It motivates the use of egohoods regarding the three features of routine activities theory: suitable targets, motivated offenders, and capable guardians. It discusses the spatial patterns of these three concepts and how egohoods as a geographic unit are well suited to capture their dynamic processes. It asks: what are the consequences of sociodemographic and business pattern changes in egohoods for the distribution of crime? Does the change in egohoods have similar implications for crime as does the change in meso-units such as neighborhoods, or microunits such as street segments? The chapter provides an empirical examination of these questions using data from the city of Los Angeles from 2000–2010 of robbery and burglary events.
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Brantingham, Patricia L., Paul J. Brantingham, Justin Song, and Valerie Spicer. Advances in Visualization for Theory Testing in Environmental Criminology. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.37.
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This chapter discusses advances in visualization for environmental criminology. The environment within which people move has many dimensions that influence or constrain decisions and actions by individuals and by groups. This complexity creates a challenge for theoreticians and researchers in presenting their research results in a way that conveys the dynamic spatiotemporal aspects of crime and actions by offenders in a clearly understandable way. There is an increasing need in environmental criminology to use scientific visualization to convey research results. A visual image can describe underlying patterns in a way that is intuitively more understandable than text and numeric tables. The advent of modern information systems generating large and deep data sets (Big Data) provides researchers unparalleled possibilities for asking and answering questions about crime and the environment. This will require new techniques and methods for presenting findings and visualization will be key.
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Eck, John E., and Tamara D. Madensen. Place Management. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.22.
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The theory of place management explains why some properties have a great deal of crime or disorder and most others have little or no crime or disorder. This chapter first provides a background necessary for understanding place management. It then describes place managers: who they are and how they differ from others involved in crime or its suppression. This is followed by discussions of what place managers do that is important for preventing or facilitating crime; how place management theory embraces a wide variety of other explanations for crime at place; the processes involved in place management; and the empirical evidence that place management exists and can be manipulated. The final section shows that place management theory opens up several lines of enquiry that could give us a fuller explanation of crime patterns, and could lead to better ways to reduce crime.
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van der Heijden, Manon. Women and Crime, 1750–2000. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.10.
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This essay discusses women and patterns of crime in the Western world across time. Although criminologists generally agree that women are responsible for a considerably smaller proportion of prosecuted crime than men, historical studies indicate that they played a much more prominent role in crime before the twentieth century. This essay pays attention to explanatory factors for past high female crime rates, such as level of urbanization, migration patterns, and women’s public lifestyles. It also examines various important historical debates on changes in patterns of crime and gender, including the debate about the decline of female crime in Western Europe after 1800 and the discussion regarding women’s changing attitudes toward violence beginning in the eighteenth century. Finally, it examines shifts in female crime rates in the last two decades, concluding that more systematic data on male and female crime rates that include variation across time and space are needed.
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Summers, Lucia, and Rob T. Guerette. The Individual Perspective. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.3.
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This chapter considers how offenders and victims make use of space and how variations in their patterns of movement influence the occurrence of crime. It examines examples of individual offender decision-making, such as how past experience informs future decisions (both legitimate and illegal), and how individual activity patterns can influence the broader social processes that take place within the environment. It begins with an exploration of the fundamental theoretical frameworks upon which environmental criminology is based. It then discusses how these frameworks inform various aspects of our endeavor to understand crime, the particular benefits of each theoretical approach, and how they complement and contrast with one another. Particular emphasis is placed on how potential offenders, victims, and others use space, and how this impacts upon crime patterns. This is followed by discussions of specific areas related to offender mobility, namely the journey to crime and displacement.
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Bouchard, Martin, and Aili Malm. Social Network Analysis and Its Contribution to Research on Crime and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935383.013.21.
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This chapter discusses how the development of network analysis techniques has affected research on crime and the practice of crime control over the past two decades. It describes the contributions of network analysis to criminological research, including the new questions that network analysis techniques allowed criminologists to address, the old questions that have been addressed more adequately, and the novel evidence these techniques yielded. The ways in which network analysis been used by the police and other practitioners in their efforts to prevent and control crime is reviewed, as well as the limitations of network data in understanding crime patterns.
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Roberts, Anthea. Patterns of Difference and Dominance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696412.003.0005.
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This chapter examines three implications of these patterns of difference and dominance for the wider field of international law. First, although most legal academies and law schools remain relatively nationalized, there are outliers that are significantly more internationalized than their counterparts. Different academies also evidence different strengths and areas that are ripe for future development. Second, the existence of distinct national or regional communities of international lawyers may result in substantial disconnects developing within the field, such as in debates about Crimea and the South China Sea. Third, some of the patterns of dominance that emerge in the academies and textbooks are replicated elsewhere in the field, including privileging sources and actors from Western states in general, and from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in particular. Choice of language and the emergence of English as the lingua franca play particularly important roles in this privileging process.
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Reynald, Danielle M. Informal Guardians and Offender Decision Making. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.16.
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Research has demonstrated that informal guardians affect offender decision making in a variety of crime contexts. This chapter highlights what can be learned from empirical research about the way offenders perceive informal guardianship and how it affects criminal choices. Focusing specifically on studies that elucidate the offenders’ perspective on guardians, this chapter reviews what is known from studies on burglars, armed robbers, and sex offenders about how guardianship factors into their criminal decision making. Based on these offender accounts, the chapter reveals the patterns that emerge around (a) the stages of the crime event process in which guardianship is most likely to influence various types of offenders and (b) what form of guardianship is most effective in discouraging different offenders at different stages of the crime event.
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Bruinsma, Gerben J. N., and Shane D. Johnson, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.001.0001.
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The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across a number of research traditions. These include the neighborhood-effects approach developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920s; modern environmental criminology that explains the geographic distribution of crime; the criminology of place, which focuses on crime rates at specific places over time; and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime and disorder in communities. Aided by new mobile and digital technologies as well as improved data reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed at a rapid pace within each of these approaches. Despite these advances, research in the subfield of environmental criminology remains fragmented, and competing theories are often kept apart. This book takes a different approach and integrates the subfield as a whole. It covers the core theoretical and empirical issues of how and why the environment influences the emergence of crime and how crime can affect the environment. The chapters reflect the diversity in research and theory from all over the Western world. In addition to covering traditional criminological research, the book probes how well current theories of environmental criminology contribute to our understanding of new problems and how well theories travel to other areas, such as West Africa, in which cultural differences might lead to different patterns in offending.
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Benson, Josef, and Doug Singsen. Bandits, Misfits, and Superheroes. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496838339.001.0001.
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American comics have for most of their existence reflected the white-supremacist culture out of which they arose. Superheroes and comic books in general are products of whiteness that both signal and hide its presence, blending into the cultural landscape as myths that serve to buttress and sustain white supremacy. Even when comics creators and publishers sought to advance an anti-racist agenda, very often a lack of awareness of their own whiteness and the ideological baggage that goes along with it undermined their efforts. Even the sacred cows of the industry, such as Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, Jack Jackson, William Gaines, Stan Lee, Robert Crumb, Will Eisner, and Frank Miller, have not been able to distance themselves from the problematic racism embedded in their narratives regardless of their intentions or explanations. Since ideologies of whiteness and white supremacy can be found across all types of comics, The Invisible Costume examines many genres, including western, horror, crime, funny animal, underground comix, autobiography, literary fiction, and historical fiction. This exciting and groundbreaking book assesses industry giants, highlights some of the most important episodes in American comic books history, and demonstrates how they relate to one another and form a larger pattern often in unexpected and surprising ways.
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Balto, Simon. Occupied Territory. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649597.001.0001.
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In July 1919, an explosive race riot forever changed Chicago. For years, black southerners had been leaving the South as part of the Great Migration. Their arrival in Chicago drew the ire and scorn of many local whites, including members of the city’s political leadership and police department, who generally sympathized with white Chicagoans and viewed black migrants as a problem population. During Chicago’s Red Summer riot, patterns of extraordinary brutality, negligence, and discriminatory policing emerged to shocking effect. Those patterns shifted in subsequent decades, but the overall realities of a racially discriminatory police system persisted. In this history of Chicago from 1919 to the rise and fall of Black Power in the 1960s and 1970s, Simon Balto narrates the evolution of racially repressive policing in black neighborhoods as well as how black citizen-activists challenged that repression. Balto demonstrates that punitive practices by and inadequate protection from the police were central to black Chicagoans’ lives long before the late-century "wars" on crime and drugs. By exploring the deeper origins of this toxic system, Balto reveals how modern mass incarceration, built upon racialized police practices, emerged as a fully formed machine of profoundly antiblack subjugation.
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Berlin, Mark S. Criminalizing Atrocity. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850441.001.0001.
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Why do countries adopt criminal legislation making it possible to prosecute government and military officials for human rights violations? Over the past thirty years, dozens of countries have prosecuted their own or other states’ officials for past atrocities. Criminalizing Atrocity tells the story of the global spread of national criminal laws against atrocity crimes—genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity—laws that have helped pave the way for this remarkable trend toward greater accountability. It traces the early-twentieth-century origins of national atrocity laws to a group of influential European criminal law scholars and explains the global patterns by which they have since spread. The book shows that understanding why countries criminalize atrocities requires understanding how they do so. In many cases, criminalization has not been the result of concerted government initiative, but of inconspicuous choices made by technocratic legal experts who have been delegated authority to draft large-scale reforms to countries’ criminal codes. Drawing on research in comparative law and norm diffusion, Criminalizing Atrocity explains how such reform projects prompt technocratic drafters to select legal ideas, like atrocity laws, that have been endorsed by their professional communities and deemed by drafters to be important features of a “modern” criminal code. To test this argument, Criminalizing Atrocity draws on a range of original quantitative and qualitative data, including in-depth case studies of Guatemala, Colombia, Poland, and the Maldvies, and a new, comprehensive dataset tracking the global spread of atrocity laws since Word War II. The book’s findings highlight the importance of professional communities in the modern renaissance of atrocity justice and the domestication of international legal norms.
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Krcmaric, Daniel. The Justice Dilemma. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750212.001.0001.
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Abusive leaders are now held accountable for their crimes in a way that was unimaginable just a few decades ago. What are the consequences of this recent push for international justice? This book explains why the “golden parachute” of exile is no longer an attractive retirement option for oppressive rulers. The book argues that this is both a blessing and a curse: leaders culpable for atrocity crimes fight longer civil wars because they lack good exit options, but the threat of international prosecution deters some leaders from committing atrocities in the first place. The book diagnoses an inherent tension between conflict resolution and atrocity prevention, two of the signature goals of the international community. It also sheds light on several important puzzles in world politics. Why do some rulers choose to fight until they are killed or captured? Why not simply save oneself by going into exile? Why do some civil conflicts last so much longer than others? Why has state-sponsored violence against civilians fallen in recent years? While exploring these questions, the book marshals statistical evidence on patterns of exile, civil war duration, and mass atrocity onset. It also reconstructs the decision-making processes of embattled leaders to show how contemporary international justice both deters atrocities and prolongs conflicts.
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Brownsword, Roger. Law, Liberty, and Technology. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.2.
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This chapter assesses the relationship between liberty and technology. Adopting a broad conception of liberty, covering both the normative and the practical optionality of developing, applying, or using some particular technology, four questions are pursued. These questions concern: (i) the patterns of normative liberty in relation to new technologies and their applications; (ii) the gap between normative liberty and practical liberty; (iii) the impact of technologies on basic liberties; and (iv) the relationship between law, liberty, and ‘technological management’. While the expansion or contraction of normative liberties remains relevant, the key claim of the chapter is that, in future, it is the use of ‘technological management’—for a range of purposes, from crime control to the regulation of health and safety, and environmental protection—that needs to be monitored carefully, and particularly so for its impact on real options.
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Fisher, Austin. Blood in the Streets. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411721.001.0001.
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Blood in the Streets investigates the various ways in which 1970s Italian crime films were embedded in their immediate cultural and political contexts. The book analyses the emergence, proliferation and distribution of a range of popular film cycles (or filoni) - from conspiracy thrillers and vigilante films, to mafia and serial killer narratives - and examines what these reveal about their time and place. The engagement in these films with both the contemporary political turmoil of 1970s Italy and the traumas of the nation's recent past offer fascinating insights into wider anxieties of this decade around the Second World War and its on-going political aftermath. Ultimately, these cycles' industrial conditions of rapid production schedules and concentrated release patterns are seen to be the key to understanding their significance, since these conditions allowed for swift responsiveness to political events, cinematic trends and attendant economic opportunities, while demanding the simplified construction of believable contemporary backdrops. The book thus reveals a repetitive accumulation of assumptions around historically constituted corruption, the impact of rapid socio-economic change and the lingering vestiges of wartime conflict.
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Ege, Gian, Andreas Schloenhardt, and Christian Schwarzenegger. Wildlife Trafficking: the illicit trade in wildlife, animal parts, and derivatives. Carl Grossmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24921/2020.94115945.
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Wildlife trafficking threatens the existence of many plant and animal species and accelerates the destruction of wildlife, forests, and other natural resources. It contributes to environmental degradation, destroys unique natural habitats, and deprives many countries and their populations of scarce renewable resources. The more endangered a species becomes, the greater is the commercial value that is put on the remaining specimen, thereby increasing the incentive for further illegal activities. Preventing and supressing the illegal trade in wildlife, animal parts, and plants is presently not a priority in many countries. Despite the actual and potential scale and consequences, wildlife trafficking often remains overlooked and poorly understood. Wildlife and biodiversity related policies, laws, and their enforcement have, for the most part, not kept up with the changing levels and patterns of wildlife trafficking. Poorly developed legal frameworks, weak law enforcement, prosecutorial, and judicial practices have resulted in valuable wildlife and plant resources becoming threatened. The high demand for wildlife, animal parts, plants, and plant material around the world has resulted in criminal activities on a large scale. Considerably cheaper than legally sourced material, the illegal trade in fauna and flora offers opportunities to reap significant profits. Gaps in domestic and international control regimes, difficulties in identifying illegal commodities and secondary products, along with intricate trafficking routes make it difficult to effectively curtail the trade. Although several international and non-governmental organisations have launched initiatives aimed at bringing international attention to the problem of wildlife trafficking, political commitment and operational capacity to tackle this phenomenon are not commensurate to the scale of the problem. There is, to date, no universal framework to prevent and suppress this crime type and there is a lack of critical and credible expertise and scholarship on this phenomenon. As part of their joint teaching programme on transnational organised crime, the University of Queensland, the University of Vienna, and the University of Zurich examined the topic of wildlife trafficking in a year-long research course in 20182019. Students from the three universities researched selected topics and presented their findings in academic papers, some of which have been compiled in this volume. The chapters included in this v edited book address causes, characteristics, and actors of wildlife trafficking, analyse detection methods, and explore different international and national legal frameworks.
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Frisken, Amanda. Graphic News. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042980.001.0001.
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This book explores sensationalism as it took hold of U.S. media between 1870 and 1900. During this period, print news publishers became adept at translating stories about sex, crime, and violence into emotion-based pictures. Analysis of significant episodes in media history shows how a range of news media producers engaged with the sensational style. As they pioneered the art of visual journalism, news publishers conveyed racial, class, and gender anxieties in a complex dialogue with audiences that established precedents for modern media. Prominent cases – obscenity litigation, anti-Chinese violence, the Ghost Dance, Jim Crow-era lynching, and domestic violence – demonstrate how efforts to maximize the dramatic power of the news transformed everyday reporting and established standards for visual journalism. Commercial newspaper editors exploited sensationalism’ economic benefits, while marginalized groups and social activists experimented with its power to challenge negative stereotyping and mobilize their own constituencies. By the 1890s, a wide range of publications had come to embrace, adapt, and expand the sensational style through news illustration – albeit in different ways for different audiences. The patterns prevalent in entertainment publications infiltrated the commercial dailies, and even low-budget political news sheets: few publications could afford to resist borrowing from the sensational toolkit. As sensationalism increasingly pervaded visual journalism, the very nature of the news changed.
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Roberts, Anthea, and Martti Koskenniemi. Is International Law International? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696412.001.0001.
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Is International Law International? takes the reader on a sweeping tour of the international legal academy to reveal some of the patterns of difference, dominance, and disruption that belie international law’s claim to universality. Both revealing and challenging, confronting and engaging, this book is a must-read for any international lawyer, particularly in a world of shifting geopolitical power. Pulling back the curtain on the “divisible college of international lawyers,” the author shows how international lawyers in different states, regions, and geopolitical groupings are often subject to differences in their incoming influences and outgoing spheres of influence in ways that affect how they understand and approach international law, including with respect to contemporary controversies like Crimea and the South China Sea. Using case studies and visual representations, the author demonstrates how actors and materials from some states and groups have come to dominate certain transnational flows and forums in ways that make them disproportionately influential in constructing the “international”—a point which holds true for Western actors, materials, and approaches in general, and Anglo-American ones in particular. But these patterns are set for disruption. As the world moves past an era of Western dominance and toward greater multipolarity, it is imperative for international lawyers to understand the perspectives of those coming from diverse backgrounds. By taking readers on a comparative tour of different international law academies and textbooks, the author encourages international lawyers to see the world through others’ eyes—an approach that is pressing in a world of rising nationalism.
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Conway, Kyle, ed. Sixty Years of Boom and Bust: The Impact of Oil in North Dakota, 1958-2018. The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31356/dpb014.
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In the 1950s, North Dakota experienced its first oil boom in the Williston Basin, on the western side of the state. The region experienced unprecedented social and economic changes, which were carefully documented in a 1958 report by four researchers at the University of North Dakota. Since then, western North Dakota has undergone two more booms, the most recent from 2008 to 2014. Sixty Years of Boom and Bust republishes the 1958 report and updates its analysis by describing the impact of the latest boom on the region’s physical geography, politics, economics, and social structure. Sixty Years of Boom and Bust addresses topics as relevant today as they were in 1958: the natural and built environment, politics and policy, crime, intergroup relations, and access to housing and medical services. In addition to making hard-to-find material readily available, it examines an area shaped by resource booms and busts over the course of six decades. As a result, it provides unprecedented insight into the patterns of develop- ment and the roots of the challenges the region has faced. Kyle Conway is an associate professor of communication at the University of Ottawa.
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Horne, Gerald. Turning Point. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037924.003.0007.
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This chapter analyzes Patterson's remark that “today the oppressed Negro people is seeking integration,” and that “the Negro people are an oppressed nation.” These remarks reflect a bitter internal party struggle that stretched from mid-1944 to mid-1945, leaving in its wake a momentous shift on the much discussed Negro Question, involving a retreat from the Black Belt line of self-determination, presumably since the Negroes were “seeking integration.” This complex and painful debate in mid-1945 was to result in the reinstatement of the old line—then another shift in 1956 in the aftermath of the conniptions caused by the invasion of Hungary and the revelations about Stalin's crimes. All the while, Patterson and his comrades continued grinding away against Jim Crow, though it was understandable that some thought their efforts had been sidetracked by abstruse polemics.
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Kovid, Dr Raj K., Dr Daleep Parimoo, and Dr Santhi Narayanan. EMERGING CONTOURS OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT. SVDES BOOK SERIES, Delhi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789391842413.
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The pandemic has triggered changes across the walks of life including governance, business and management. External environmental turbulence is reshaping the market landscape drastically and hence the way organizations run. Normal practices in corporations are being redefined and revisited. The organizations are trying innovative approaches to face the unparalleled challenges staying afloat. So, the key of success lies in the way corporations adapt to the emerging trends the business sector is leaning toward. The emerging contours of business and management in the ‗new-normalized‘ situation include increasing role of technology convergence, balancing the organizational and individual expectations among others. Advancement of Artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things and other emerging technologies have spilled over to create impact on socio-psychological dimensions of human behaviour at large. Business organizations are facing challenges across the dimensions of doing business. For example, cyber-crimes and issues related to protection of intellectual property in the virtual world are keeping the managing executives on their toes. The pattern of organizations‘ responses to the emerging challenges is embedded with innovative ideas leading to entrepreneurship at individual and corporate level. The innovation and entrepreneurship as a response to deal with an unprecedented crisis has found roots down to the bottom of the pyramid. Reskilling and upskilling the workforce is one of the dominating emerging corporate landscapes. Further, organizations appear to have extended their support-net even to the family of their employees. This edited book provides insights on varied aspects of emerging contours of business and management around the world. The themes around which authors have contributed chapters include entrepreneurship, innovation, managing human resources, managerial competences, intellectual property, globalization, online marketing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and business data mining among others. The book also highlights issues related to emerging themes in sectors such as healthcare, tourism, academics etc.