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1
Fish, Jacqueline T., Larry S. Miller, Michael C. Braswell, and Edward W. Jr Wallace. "Crime Scene Investigation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1455775401.
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Crime Scene Investigation offers an innovative approach to learning about crime scene investigation, taking the reader from the first response on the crime scene to documenting crime scene evidence and preparing evidence for courtroom presentation. It includes topics not normally covered in other texts, such as forensic anthropology and pathology, arson and explosives, and the electronic crime scene. Numerous photographs and illustrations complement text material, and a chapter-by-chapter fictional narrative also provides the reader with a qualitative dimension of the crime scene experience.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1085/thumbnail.jpg
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Wyatt, David Mark. "Accomplishing technical and investigative expertise in everyday crime scene investigation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17904.
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This research, situated at the intersection of sociology, science and technology studies and police studies, provides the first sociological account of Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) training in England and Wales. Focusing on the acquisition and everyday enactment of CSI expertise, this qualitative, ethnographic investigation asks (1) what are the roles, practices and expertise of the CSI and (2) how is the CSI’s expertise developed in training and enacted in everyday work. These questions are explored through participant observation at the main training centre for UK CSIs, observation at crime scenes, interviews with trainees during and after their training and visual methods. By unpicking the visible and invisible components of CSI work, I analyse how CSIs are trained to document crime scenes and explore the practices of transforming a potentially relevant object from these locations into artefacts that meet the requirements of courtroom scrutiny. I demonstrate how CSIs engage actively and reflexively with the requirements of different conceptions of objectivity and the changing demands placed on them. They continually and performatively negotiate and delimit multiple boundaries, from the very literal in demarcating a crime scene to claiming their position within the investigative hierarchy in each interaction. Unlike other discussions of boundary work, for the CSI this is iterative, requires constant effort and is embedded in their routine practice. Within police environments, the CSI has scope for such boundary work. In the courtroom, however, crime scene investigation is narrowly defined. This thesis develops our understanding of the CSI and crime scene investigation as a practice. It stresses the significance of taking this actor seriously in any account of forensic science and investigative practices. By viewing the CSI as simply an evidence collector, or not considering her work at all, the expertise and pivotal role of this actor in the meaningful and efficient use of science in policing is blackboxed. My detailed qualitative analysis of the CSI’s role, work and specialist expertise contributes a necessary account of a key actor in the police and criminal justice system.
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Burrow, J. Gordon. "Crime scene investigation : bare footprint collection and analysis." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701002.
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Janssens, Lies Marjolijn. "From the crime scene to the autopsy table: comparing the different steps involved between the United States of America and Belgium." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21181.
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Thesis (M.S.F.S.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.In Belgium, approximately 75 homicides a year go unnoticed. In addition it is estimated that 5 - 10% of the so-called natural deaths are not natural at all. This amounts to 5,000 – 10,000 deaths a year with an incorrect cause of death. Both Belgium – composed of three regions, three communities, and ten provinces – and the United States of America – divided into 50 states – are overseen by a Federal Government, and their police system consist of multiple law enforcement agencies. When looking from a distance, more similarities than differences are seen for the organization of law enforcement agencies. However, differences become apparent when analyzing the responsibilities of the different agencies during crime scene processing and evidence collection. Seen the scope of the forensic science program, the focus will more specifically be on the process, procedures, and actors involved. The goal of this thesis is to (a) analyze the Belgian and U.S. crime scene investigation system, (b) compare the two systems to one another, (c) discuss the weaknesses and strengths behind each system, and finally (d) come up with recommendations. Existing issues will also be evaluated and their impact will be discussed. To achieve the above mentioned goals, information was obtained through literature review and interviews with experts. During the interviews information (e.g. books), not available to the general public, was obtained. Crime scene investigation, for both the U.S. and Belgian system, can be divided into 5 different steps: the initial notification, the first response team, the investigation of the crime scene (documenting, collecting, and processing evidence), the analysis of collected evidence, and the autopsy. In both systems, first responders and emergency medical services will be the first actors present at the scene. Although most procedures and actors involved in the investigation of a crime scene are similar between the United States of America and Belgium, some differences cannot be overlooked. These differences are: the person in charge of completing the death certificate, determining whether or not jurisdiction is accepted, the educational background and composition of the crime scene team, the investigation of the deceased, the requirements needed to become a forensic pathologist, and the cases in which an autopsy is systematically performed. Comparing both crime scene investigation systems showed that each system has its own strengths, weaknesses, and issues. The comparison also showed that both systems can learn from one another, since the combination of already existing processes and procedures, from both crime scene investigation systems, was used to create an “ideal” crime scene investigation system.
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Taskin, Kasim. "Evaluating Augmented Reality and Computer Vision for Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280783.
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When investigating a crime, investigators often need to revisit the crime scene to get a better understanding of the crime. However, all traces of crime and objects of interest are quickly removed from the scene. Using augmented reality, one can allow investigators to visit crime scenes in their original state readily. Importantly, as the solution is designed to be used within the judicial system, accuracy is crucial. The thesis evaluates different positioning methods for virtual objects by comparing against ground truth positions as well as the perceived movement of the objects. The findings show that in specific scenarios, anchored positioning methods are preferred. Moreover, reconstructing a crime scene is a very tedious process. To simplify the process the paper presents a novel method for raising a 2D bounding box to 3D. The results show a poor estimation of 3D bounding boxes, with mean IoU values for a cup and bottle being 0:3 and 0:1 respectively. However, it is noted that the system is adequate to assist in reconstruction a crime scene, but not replace it.När man utreder ett brott måste utredare ofta besöka brottsplatsen för att få en bättre förståelse av brottet. Däremot tas alla spår av brott och viktiga föremål snabbt bort från brottsplatsen. Med hjälp av förstärkt verklighet (AR) möjliggör man för utredare att besöka brottsplatser i sitt ursprungliga skick. Eftersom systemet är utformat för att användas inom rättsväsendet, är noggrannhet avgörande. Examensarbetet utvärderar olika positioneringsmetoder för virtuella objekt genom att jämföra positioner mot sann data samt den uppfattade rörelsen av de virtuella objekten. Resultaten visar att i vissa scenarier är förankrade (eng. anchored) positioneringsmetoder att föredra. Dessutom är det mycket tidskrävande att rekonstruera en brottsplats. För att förenkla processen presenteras en ny metod för att höja en 2D bounding box till 3D. Resultaten visar dock en dålig noggrannhet för metoden, där medelvärdet för IoU-värden för en kopp och flaska är 0:3 respektive 0:1. Samtidigt noteras att systemet är tillräckligt för att underlätta rekonstruktioner av brottsplatser men kan inte helt ersätta dem.
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Bull, Sofia. "A Post-genomic Forensic Crime Drama : CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as Cultural Forum on Science." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-81474.
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This thesis examines how the first 10 seasons of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (CBS, 2000–) engage with discourses on science. Investigating CSI’s representation of scientific practices and knowledge, it explicitly attempts to look beyond the generic assumption that forensic crime dramas simply ‘celebrate’ science. The material is analysed at three different levels, studying CSI’s wider cultural discursive context, genre linkages, and audio-visual form. In order to fully account for the series’ specificity, the thesis undertakes comparative analyses of earlier forensic crime dramas and other relevant audio-visual material. Close textual readings of certain thematic tropes, narrative devices and visual imagery in CSI are thus supplemented by historical studies of their extended generic backgrounds. This textual-historical approach generates a general argument that CSI dramatizes and evokes a number of different, and often contradictory, scientific ideas, perspectives and discursive shifts. The thesis concludes that CSI stages a transnational cultural forum, simultaneously engaging with residual, dominant and emergent discourses on science. Throughout, close attention is paid to the multiple perspectives and viewpoints that allow the series to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous global audience. Furthermore, the thesis asserts that CSI specifically articulates a post-genomic structure of feeling, which begins to express the wider cultural implications of an emergent discursive shift whereby the instrumentalisation of molecular science seemingly offers more possibilities for human intervention into biological processes. Thus, the study demonstrates how CSI’s discourse on science treats recent scientific developments as engendering a cultural process of redefinition, questioning foundational concepts such as truth, identity, body, kinship and emotions.
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Bull, Sofia. "Kroppen, sanningen och döden : En utredning av CSI: Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Cinema Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-897.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilken funktion och betydelse kroppen har i första säsongen av CSI: Crime Scenen Investigation (CBS, 2000-). Detta eftersom det kan ge en ökad förståelse för de föreställningar som omgärdar kroppen i vår kultur idag. Författaren gör närläsningar av analysobjektet som relateras till relevant litteratur, såväl som tidigare praktiker och representationer av kroppslighet.
I den första delen undersöker författaren vilken roll kroppen spelar i utredningsarbetets sökande efter en säker sanning. Författaren konstaterar att utredarna använder sig av en kroppslig utredningsteknik och att kroppen dessutom ses som en privilegierad form av bevis, vars tillgänglighet ökar med hjälp av obduktionsförfarandet och olika teknologiska hjälpmedel. Vidare ifrågasätter författaren hur långsökta slutsatser om individen dras från kroppen. Till sist föreslår författaren att tron på säker kunskap känns betryggande i en tid då kroppen ses som föränderlig och där begrepp som verklighet och sanning blivit flytande.
I den andra delen undersöker författaren hotfull kroppslighet och hur dessa hot eventuellt neutraliseras. Författaren drar här fyra huvudsakliga slutsatser:
1. Den uppstyckade kroppen är skrämmande eftersom den uppfattas som gränsöverskridande och utredarnas ihopsamlande av kroppsdelar är ett sätt att återskapa de ursprungliga gränserna.
2. Döden är ytterligare en gränsöverskridande praktik som dessutom innebär kroppens totala förintelse, utredningsarbetet är en kamp mot döden som strävar efter att återupprätta livet.
3. Utredarnas förhållande till den döda kroppen är synnerligen komplext eftersom de bör förbli objektiva, men samtidigt inte får riskera att objektifiera den döda kroppen.
4. Själva filmmediet kan ses som ett hot mot kroppen genom sitt fragmenterande bildspråk, men också som ett försvar mot döden genom förmågan att skildra rörelse.
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Demircioglu, Mehmet. "Information Seeking Behavior of Crime Scene Investigators in the Turkish National Police." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28411/.
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This exploratory research is the first one among occupational information seeking behavior studies that focuses on information seeking behaviors of the crime scene investigators. The data used in this dissertation were gathered via a self-administrated survey instrument from 29 cities in Turkey. Findings obtained from the data analyses show that there is a strongly positive relationship between the experience of the crime scene investigators and the use of personal knowledge and experience as a primary information source (experience is operationalized with age, service years in policing, and service years in crime scene investigation units). The findings also suggest that increasing of the level of education is negatively related to relying on immediate colleagues as an information source among the crime scene investigators. These findings are consistent with related literature and theory. The data analysis shows that crime scene investigators work in cities with higher population rates have more complaint scores than those who work in cities with lower population rates across Turkey. The findings from the data analysis may suggest valuable implications to defeat the barriers between crime scene investigators and information sources. The researcher drew a proposed theoretical framework of an information behavior concept in the context of crime scene investigation that may help those who are interested in the phenomenon and its applications to other contexts.
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Spichler, Anne, Bonnie L. Hurwitz, David G. Armstrong, and Benjamin A. Lipsky. "Microbiology of diabetic foot infections: from Louis Pasteur to 'crime scene investigation'." BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610294.
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Were he alive today, would Louis Pasteur still champion culture methods he pioneered over 150 years ago for identifying bacterial pathogens? Or, might he suggest that new molecular techniques may prove a better way forward for quickly detecting the true microbial diversity of wounds? As modern clinicians faced with treating complex patients with diabetic foot infections (DFI), should we still request venerated and familiar culture and sensitivity methods, or is it time to ask for newer molecular tests, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing? Or, are molecular techniques as yet too experimental, non-specific and expensive for current clinical use? While molecular techniques help us to identify more microorganisms from a DFI, can they tell us ‘who done it?', that is, which are the causative pathogens and which are merely colonizers? Furthermore, can molecular techniques provide clinically relevant, rapid information on the virulence of wound isolates and their antibiotic sensitivities? We herein review current knowledge on the microbiology of DFI, from standard culture methods to the current era of rapid and comprehensive ‘crime scene investigation' (CSI) techniques.
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Butler, Mark. "Using eye-tracking, head-mounted camera technology and verbal protocol analysis as a methodology to better understand Volume Crime Scene Investigator practice." Thesis, Teesside University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/579936.
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Literature Review: Expertise, decision making and situation awareness literature have allowed a better understanding of practitioner performance in Engineering, Healthcare and Sport. Discourse is thin in the domain of Crime Scene Examination, although Hierarchical Tasks Analysis, Distributed Cognition, Team Working and Perception have all received attention in recent years. The use of camera technology to uncover performance has also found footing in diverse professions, notably Firefighting and Social Work. Crime Scene Investigator practice is proposed as being a fertile area of study, to make apparent aspects of the work that are tacit, as well as to ascertain if performance metrics in the sector connect with the tacit knowledge expressed in the role. Methodology: This study explored the differences in searching strategies between expert and novice Crime Scene Examiners (n=12) in a simulated environment, before discussing a longitudinal ethnographic examination of how Volume Crime Scene Investigators (n=4) make sense of their practice. Eye-tracker and head-mounted camera technology was used to capture performance from an own point of view perceptive. Nvivo 9 was utilised to collate and code video data, field notes and interview transcriptions. Results & Discussion: Results from verbal protocol analysis and eye-tracker recordings indicate that expert examiners target fewer objects within the crime scene space however spend longer on the objects being viewed. Field study results report that Volume Crime Scene Investigators engage in sharing tacit knowledge, this impacted on their strategies or perception of obtaining forensic evidence. In addition the analysis of coded data from video and verbal protocol reports found that specific physical aspects of examination practice such as fingerprint powdering were aligned to decision making or analysis processes. For example, commenting on the morphology of the surface being examined. Furthermore examiners engaged in and highlighted aspects of their role they felt were important but were not captured in any metrics. Conclusion: It is proposed this new understanding will be of use to those in developing crime scene investigation practitioners as well as presenting related literature on how expertise in the domain can be recognised, elicited and developed in others. This work also sheds light on the value of sector standards for this field along with what is needed to make them more user- friendly for the developing practitioner.
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Jacobsen, Dawn. "Classification of Toolmark Surfaces on Zipper Teeth." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2248/.
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This study proposes the classification of the toolmark under the heads of zipper teeth as a subclass characteristic as outlined by the Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE). Two separate cases in which zipper teeth were found at crime scenes prompted this study. Brass zipper teeth manufactured by YKK were taken from 20 pairs of jeans and studied using a Reichert comparison microscope at 4X power. Photographs were taken and over 750 comparisons made. It was found that the toolmarks on each side on the 20 zippers were unique and independent of all other sides. The observations made in this study indicate that classifying zipper teeth toolmarks as a subclass characteristic is valid.
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Bright, Brittain. "Beyond the scene of the crime : investigating place in Golden Age detective fiction." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2015. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11637/.
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Place is both physical and conceptual; in fiction, place offers an initial basic orientation, but also fulfills many more complex roles. This thesis considers place in the Golden Age detective novels of Agatha Christie, Gladys Mitchell, and Dorothy L. Sayers to establish place as a point of critical engagement, and uses place to re-consider influential works in the genre. The exploration of place uncovers textual clues that are not necessarily detective clues, complicating these novels and dismantling deceptive assumptions about the homogeneity of the Golden Age. The evidential place, or “the scene of the crime”, provides a physical setting for the crime itself and the clues that it generates, but it is rarely the most important or revelatory place in a detective story. Christie developed a place-typology that defined much of her work: the house, the village, London, and the holiday convey distinct meanings from early in her career. These places evolve over decades of social commentary, but each maintains a core of structural meaning. Character and place often develop in tandem, and Mitchell is particularly interested in the distortions of the relationship between the two. She rejects the rationality of the genre, and uses place and focalization to embed psychological questioning in her novels. Sayers considers place a central “artistic unity” of the novel. She presents place as a socially constructed unit, and through notions of “belonging” or being “out of place”, she interrogates structures of milieu. Place becomes a central focal point in her later novels, through which she questions contemporary values and identities. In all of these authors’ work, the detective is a figure representative of modernity, developed through his or her relationship to place. Place also takes the investigation outside of purely plot-based channels, and into sociological and psychological areas of questioning.
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Dath, Catrin. "Crime scenes in Virtual Reality : A user centered study." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209952.
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A crime scene is a vital part of an investigation. There are however, depending on the situation and crime, issues connected to physically being at the scene; risk of contamination, destruction of evidence or other issues can hinder the criminal investigators to stay, visit or revisit the scene. It is therefore important to visually capture the crime scene and any possible evidence in order to aid the investigation. This thesis aims to, with an initial research question, map out the main visual documentation needs, wishes and challenges that criminal investigators face during an investigation. In addition, with a second research question, it aims to address these in a Virtual Reality (VR) design and, with a third research question, explore however other professions in the investigation process could benefit from it. This was conducted through a literature review, interviews, workshops and iterations with the approach of the Double Diamond Model of Design. The results from the interviews were thematically analyzed and ultimately summarized into five key themes. These, together with various design criteria and principals, acted as design guidelines when creating a high fidelity VR design. The first two research questions were presented through the key themes and the VR design. The results of the third research question indicated that, besides criminal investigators, both prosecutors and criminal scene investigators may benefit from a VR design, although in different ways. A VR design can, in conclusion, address the needs, wishes and challenges of criminal investigators by being developed as a compiled visualization and collaboration tool.En brottsplats är en vital del av en brottsundersökning. Det finns emellertid, beroende på situation och brott, problem som är kopplade till att fysiskt befinna sig på brottsplatsen. Risk för kontamination, förstörelse av bevis eller andra problem kan hindra brottsutredarna att stanna, besöka eller återvända till brottsplatsen. Det är därför viktigt att visuellt dokumentara brottsplatsen och eventuella bevis för att bistå utredningen. Detta masterarbete ämnar att, med en första forskningsfråga, kartlägga de viktigaste behoven, önskemålen och utmaningarna gällande visuell dokumentation, som brottsutredare möter under en utredning. Vidare ämnar projektet att, med en andra forskningsfråga, möta dessa i en Virtuell Verklighet (VR) -design och, med en tredje forskningsfråga, undersöka hur andra yrkesgrupper i en utredningsprocess skulle kunna dra nytta av den. Detta genomfördes genom en litteraturstudie, intervjuer, workshops och iterationer grundat i tillvägagångssättet Double Diamond Model of Design. Resultaten från intervjuerna analyserades tematiskt och sammanfattades i fem huvudteman. Dessa teman, tillsammans med olika designkriterier och principer, agerade designriktlinjer vid skapandet av en high-fidelity VR-design. De två första frågorna presenterades genom nyckeltemana och VR-designen. Resultaten gällande den tredje forskningsfrågan visar att, utöver brottsutredare, både åklagare och kriminaltekniker kan dra nytta av en VR-design, även om på olika vis. Sammanfattningsvis kan en VRdesign möta utredarnas behov, önskemål och utmaningar gällande visuell dokumentation genom att utvecklas som ett kompilerat visualiserings- och samarbetsverktyg.
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Ozeren, Suleyman. "Problem-oriented approach to criminal investigation: implementation issues and challenges." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2876/.
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As a proactive, information-based policing approach, problem-oriented policing emphasizes the use of crime analysis techniques in the analysis of the underlying causes of the problems that police deal with. In particular, analysis applications can be powerful tools for criminal investigation, such as crime reconstruction, profiling, IAFIS, VICAP, and CODIS. The SARA Model represents a problem-solving strategy of problemoriented policing. It aims to address the underlying causes of the problems and create substantial solutions. However, implementing problem-oriented policing requires a significant change in both the philosophy and structure of police agencies. Not only American policing but also the Turkish National Police should consider problem-oriented policing as an alternative approach for solving criminal activities.
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Ramalekana, Thomas Ishmael. "Retrospective analysis of the outcomes of animal crime scene investigation in Thabazimbi from 2013-2015." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60276.
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Monitoring and evaluation of case outcomes is a useful tool in improving animal crime scene
investigations. The methods used to collect evidence in the field in animal crime cases need to
monitored and improved where weaknesses are found in order to secure arrests and successful
prosecutions and effective sentences. The low percentage of animal crime cases reported and
effectively prosecuted reduces the confidence of the public in the police's ability to investigate
these crimes. Wildlife crime, particularly crimes related to CITES listed species whose
products such as rhino horn and ivory are traded illegally at extremely high prices is increasing
exponentially. This study showed that only 8 out of 71 (11%) of animal related cases reported
and investigated in the study area over the period 2013 to 2015 had guilty as a verdict,
indicating that current animal crime scene investigation methods, especially in certain areas in
the country, are not adequate to ensure successful prosecution of the majority of cases.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Production Animal Studies
MSc
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Strömstedt, Isabelle. ""How do you know all this crap?" : The Representation of Cognitive Processes and Knowledge in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Sherlock." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för studier av samhällsutveckling och kultur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122771.
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In contemporary crime drama there has been a shift of main character from the forensic scientist to the consultant. This put the representation of knowledge in a different light. In this study the focus is on how, and what kind of cognitive processes and knowledge are represented in two crime dramas with consultants as main characters; CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Sherlock. Basing the analysis on concepts of cognitive processes and knowledge, it becomes evident that due to the shift in main character the representation of knowledge also has changed; from an institutionalized and science based view on knowledge to the legitimization of a personal, uncritical and fast way of gathering knowledge.
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Wells, Joanna Kathleen. "Investigation of factors affecting the region of origin estimate in bloodstain pattern analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1419.
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The causes of errors in the angle of impact calculation were investigated including the surface type, falling velocity and the method used to fit an ellipse to a bloodstain. As had been cited previously the angle of impact was generally underestimated, especially at acute angles and the reason for this was determined to be due to an overestimation of the length of a bloodstain. The surface type was found to significantly affect the accuracy of an angle of impact calculation and as the falling velocity increased, the angle of impact calculation became more accurate. High-speed photography was used to further investigate the formation of bloodstains on surfaces. It was found that the formation of the bloodstain varied depending on the surface type and the angle of the surface. Bloodstain pattern analysis involves the application of scientific techniques to reconstruct events that resulted in a bloodstain pattern. The position of the blood source in three-dimensional space is a fundamental element of this application. Currently little is known about the methods used by bloodstain pattern analysts to select bloodstains when determining the region of origin. Fourteen analysts worldwide were surveyed in order to ascertain this information. It was found that the methods used were variable and were often not based on scientific research. Research was therefore undertaken into bloodstain selection and in particular, which bloodstains should be selected for a region of origin analysis. As a result of these experiments, two sets of selection criteria were established, one for use when the region of origin is being calculated manually and one for when directional analysis is being used.
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Tongur, Aykut. "Organizational support, organizational citizenship behavior, and perceived performance analysis of crime scene investigation units of Turkish National Police." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5070.
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Policing is more difficult than ever before in today's world since types of crime and criminal profiles change as a result of technological development and globalization. Police organizations should review their organizational and operational strategies to improve the fight against contemporary crimes and criminals. Behaviors and performance of police officers are very important in fighting crime. In this struggle, especially today, officers should exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors and perform better. One of the most important factors affecting these two concepts in organizations is organizational support. The literature stresses the social exchange cycle and reciprocity rules in the relationships of organizations and their members. In this cycle, if the organization cares about its members and if members perceive that the organization is supportive, they feel obliged to behave positively, perform better, and help the organization to reach its goals and objectives. If they don't perceive organizational support, they won't care about the organization, either. Hypotheses were developed based on these assumptions in the literature. This study tested these assumptions in Crime Scene Investigation units of the Turkish National Police (TNP). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among variables of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Perceived Performance (PP). Measurement models for these three latent constructs were developed by deriving the indicators from the literature. Most earlier studies tried to figure out reasons of the OCB. This study has a different perspective that investigates both reasons and results of OCB. A survey was developed to measure the latent variables of the study, and 405 of approximately 3,000 Crime Scene Investigators in the Turkish National Police responded to the survey.; Results of the study showed that the relationship between POS and OCB is positive and significant. This is consistent with the literature. The relationship between OCB and PP is also positive and significant, and this is also consistent with the literature. However, the relationship between POS and PP is negative and insignificant. This result contradicts the results of previous studies in the literature and can be attributed to the subjective nature of measuring individuals' perceptions. According to the literature, perceptions are subjective rather than objective; therefore, data coming from reports of individual perceptions may not reflect the actual situation. Demographic information of the participants served as the control variables of the study. Information about the education level, rank, age, gender, size of the unit, and tenure of the respondents was collected by way of the conducted survey, and the effects of these variables were analyzed on the endogenous variable of the study, Perceived Performance. This study found no significant relationships between these control variables and Perceived Performance. Therefore, all these control variables were removed from the Structural Equation Model of the study. This study revealed that the TNP needs to be more supportive toward its members in order to have officers show organizational citizenship behavior and perform better. The TNP should revise its policies, especially regarding rotations from one province to another, working hours, rewards, and overtime pay. These are all indicators of organizational support and will result in a higher performance level among officers.ID: 030422782; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-143).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Public Affairs
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs
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Yakin, Ilker. "The Design, Development And Evaluation Of An Electronic Performance Support System (epss) For The Crime Scene Investigation Unit." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615307/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to design, develop and evaluate an electronic performance support system (EPSS) for the crime scene investigation unit (CSI). For this purpose, a sequential explanatory strategy as a procedure of the mixed method design was used in analysis and evaluation of the EPSS. The research was composed of three main phases: analysisdesign, development and implementation, and evaluation of the EPSS. In first phase composed of performance and cause analyses, the CSI Unit&rsquo
s existing information, and contributing causal performance factors based on Gilbert&rsquo
Behavior Engineering Model were explored. In performance analysis phase, official documentation of the CSI Unit was reviewed. As for cause analysis, the survey and focus group interviews were conducted to 1176 and 22 CSI officers, respectively. These data were analyzed using with both quantitative and qualitative methods to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate intervention and its components. Analyses results revealed that 14 basic influences grouped under the workplace and competency on human behavior impacted performance of the officers. Based on these results, an EPSS composed of intrinsic, extrinsic and external levels, and support components was designed and developed in the second phase. Having been implemented, the evaluation of the EPSS based on the Kirkpatrick&rsquo
Four Levels of Evaluation Model was conducted v to determine the overall impact, perceived benefits, and effectiveness of the intervention in third phase. In this phase, a survey, interviews, computer logs and a checklist were used so as to assess the accomplishment of the EPSS. While the survey and the checklist were administered to the 191 officers and 2 experts from the field, the interviews were conducted with 12 officers. Evaluation results admitted that the CSI officers&rsquo
reactions were very positive to the EPSS. While, an intrinsic support made a major contribution to their productivity, establishing standardization would be perceived as the major impact of the EPSS. Lastly, increasing identity and simplifying criminal justice system were the two main impact factors on the society that the system would influence positively.
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Newman, Jacquelyn. "The effectiveness of low copy number DNA in criminal investigation." Thesis, Teesside University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/112655.
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When offenders commit crime there is the potential that they may leave behind trace amounts of their DNA, even when there has been no apparent body fluid spill. During the examination of crime scenes, scene investigators try to identify areas that may be sampled to locate these traces. Specialist techniques are then required within the laboratory to enable such small amounts to be analysed to obtain a profile. These techniques are referred to as Low Template DNA analysis (LTDNA), of which Low Copy Number DNA (LCN DNA) is one instance. In 2008, following the Omagh Bombing trial, and comments made by Judge Weir, the UK Forensic Regulator commissioned a review of the science of LTDNA analysis. The subsequent report made specific mention of the fact that there was no available information on the success rate of the use of such DNA techniques and that there seemed to be confusion over what constituted a success. The report went on to state that there was no information on where such trace amounts of DNA were likely to be found, or what factors could influence the likelihood of obtaining a trace DNA profile (Caddy, 2008). This research considered the outcomes of LCN DNA analysis from 3,552 samples to try to establish where trace amounts of DNA could be found, whether some areas sampled were more successful in generating profiles than others, and the likelihood of the profiles obtained being of use to a criminal investigation. Analysis of results identified areas that were more successful in generating profiles of use to an investigation and highlighted significant differences in results across a variety of items from which samples were taken. DNA samples taken from items associated with communication such as mobile phones were much more likely to produce a profile useful to a criminal investigation than those taken from fixed surfaces within premises. The results obtained showed that obtaining a DNA profile did not necessarily correlate with the profile being of use to a criminal investigation. This was due to the fact that a large number of these profiles were anticipated eliminations from legitimate sources. Items that produced high numbers of profiles but were anticipated eliminations, and therefore of no value to an investigation, came from items associated with skin samples and clothing. The research went further to identify key factors that affected the profiling rates. Factors that had a positive influence on the ability to obtain a profile included: any area that had been in close proximity to saliva (direct contact was not required); samples that had been recovered from the inside of premises or vehicles and therefore protected from the elements; those that were dry; items that were of a porous nature; and those that had a rough texture. No differences were found between the actual surface materials (plastic, glass, wood, metal), as all showed a propensity to generate profiles. Other factors that were considered but proved to have no effect on the profiling rates included seasonal differences and whether the area targeted for sampling was clearly defined. Items that had had high contact with a victim, were recovered from outside or had been wet, all proved to be less useful to an nvestigation. A further finding of the research was that swabs that had been recovered and stored frozen appeared to deteriorate in their ability to profile. This was particularly notable if they were submitted later than 5 months after recovery. Items stored in dry conditions did not deteriorate in this way. Overall the research can be used to provide investigators with the knowledge of what areas of crime scenes are most likely to yield trace DNA material, the key factors that can affect the likelihood of obtaining a profile, and those areas that are more likely to produce profiles useful to criminal investigations.
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Knox, Michael. "Crime Scene Behaviors of Rampage School Shooters: Developing Strategies for Planning, Response, and Investigation of Multiple-Victim Shooting Incidents on School Campuses." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cahss_jhs_etd/9.
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Despite their almost aberrational rarity, rampage school shootings have gained national attention to an extent that would make it seem that such events are a common occurrence. Many schools—along with hospitals, businesses, and other institutions—have adopted policies, implemented training, and conducted drills for responding to such incidents. In some cases, concern over school rampage shootings has led to bad policy implementations, particularly adoption of “zero tolerance” policies that punish the slightest infractions in hopes of thwarting potential attackers, but, rather than achieving their intended goal, result in massive false positive rates with few, if any, successes and a potential for fostering violence rather than abating it. For their part, law enforcement trainers and administrators have been caught in the rampage school shooter turmoil to such an extent that, starting with the aftermath of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, significant paradigm shifts in policing methodology have taken effect. In order to promote more informed policy-making and training decisions by law enforcement managers, this dissertation seeks to determine through empirical study of the crime scene behaviors of rampage school shooters the extent to which law enforcement planning and training can be informed by the study of prior incidents. Policy, training protocols, and institutional response plans have been shaped, in many cases, by a world of perception rather than reason and sound empirical evidence. This research seeks to bring clarity to the decision-making processes and provide sound empirical evidence on which to base those decisions and develop strategies for on-site protocols to help mitigate casualties, establish police response protocols, and develop post-incident investigative models.
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Cama, Mariana Pimenta. "O crime espetáculo na tela: entre a realidade e a ficção." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5267.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-23The current research intends to reflect in a critical manner about the ways of representation of criminality on audiovisual media, especially on television. The target of this analysis is to point out media processes that highlight and exemplify the way crime is turned into a spectacle, reconfiguring narrative formats of police drama and news currently active. When it comes down to representing images of violence and criminality, the audiovisual media culture has been showing two main slopes: the news that incorporates construction elements typical of soup operas, and the fictional program that intends realism, showing the routine of police in action in big urban areas. Under the eye of speculation promoted by news media, two cases will be analyzed, which took place in 2008: the case of Isabella Nardoni and the young girl Eloá Pimentel, exhaustingly reproduced and detailed on the internet. In the thin line of the crime-spectacle in the universe of fiction, we ll analyze the narrative of TV series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, highlighting the episodes "Grave Danger" and "Monster in a box". From the methodic point of view, the research bases itself on the audiovisual analysis provided for television and in its versions for Internet and DVD, willing to investigate the connection between the subject in question and the visible object, interpreting the spectator as a morbid voyeur. From the theoretical point of view, the research lays on "real shock" concept by Beatriz Jaguaribe, on the hypothesis of intimacy spectacle by Paula Sibilia, presented on O Show do Eu: a intimidade como espetáculo", and on the "A Sociedade do Espetáculo" by Guy Debord. The arguments concerning the News are anchored by work of Eugênio Bucci and Maria Rita Kehl, "Videologias". The reflexion regarding the spectator with violent images is based on the work by Susan Sontag, "Diante da dor dos outros", and on the works of Arlindo Machado, "A Televisão levada a Sério" and "O Sujeito na Tela". In the end, it is concluded that the persistent shocking images that infest the many diverse ways of informational communication operate through contagious systems, which lead to dramatization elements of the journalism of the real for the fictional and spectacle of crime for the News universe, on television and internet
A presente pesquisa pretende refletir de forma crítica sobre os modos de representação da criminalidade nas mídias audiovisuais, em especial na mídia televisiva. O objetivo da análise é apontar processos midiáticos que evidenciem e exemplifiquem o modo como o crime é transformado em espetáculo, reconfigurando os formatos narrativos de dramas policiais e do telejornalismo vigentes. A cultura das mídias audiovisuais, no que diz respeito à representação das imagens de violência e criminalidade, vem demonstrando duas vertentes predominantes: o telejornalismo que incorpora elementos de construção típicos das telenovelas e a programação ficcional que se pretende realista, retratando o cotidiano da polícia em ação nos grandes centros urbanos. Sob a ótica da espetacularização promovida pela mídia jornalística, serão analisados dois crimes ocorridos no ano de 2008: o caso da menina Isabella Nardoni e o da jovem Eloá Pimentel, fartamente reproduzidos e detalhados na internet. No que tange ao crime-espetáculo no universo da ficção, analisaremos a narrativa seriada televisiva CSI:Crime Scene Investigation, com destaque para os episódios "Grave danger" e "Monster in a box . Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa baseia-se na análise dos audiovisuais concebidos para televisão e em suas versões para internet e DVD, a fim de investigar a relação entre o sujeito vidente e o objeto visível, entendendo o espectador como voyeur-mórbido. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa apoia-se no conceito de "choque do real" de Beatriz Jaguaribe, na hipótese de espetacularização da intimidade de Paula Sibilia, apresentada em O show do eu: a intimidade como espetáculo" e na obra "A sociedade do espetáculo" de Guy Debord. As discussões sobre telejornalismo são ancoradas na obra de Eugênio Bucci e Maria Rita Kehl, "Videologias". A reflexão sobre a relação do espectador com as imagens de violência baseia-se na obra de Susan Sontag, "Diante da dor dos outros", e nas obras de Arlindo Machado, "A televisão levada a sério" e "O sujeito na tela". Ao final, conclui-se que as insistentes imagens de choque e violência que assolam os mais diversos meios informacionais de comunicação operam por sistemas de contágio, que levam elementos da dramatização do real do telejornalismo para o universo ficcional e de espetacularização do crime para o universo do telejornal, na televisão e internet
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Fonseca, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro da. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema integrado de sensoriamento e inteligência forense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-21052015-161223/.
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Trata o presente estudo sobre pesquisa levada a efeito na área da ciência forense, onde se propõe, através da recognição dos vestígios materiais deixados pelo fato delituoso nos locais sob investigação técnico-científica em somatório a informações de interesse, um modelo para automatização e informatização dos trabalhos periciais criminais, com transmissão em tempo real e imediata incorporação a banco de dados das informações levantadas, possibilitando tratamento dos dados por rede neural, oferecendo ainda o mapeamento das regiões por tipo penal, ou seja, identificação das ocorrências delituosas por área geográfica, mas não somente como dado estatístico, este útil para a política criminal, mas também como meio investigativo, por importar o delineamento DETALHADO do modus operandi que, uma vez lançado em banco de dados adaptativo, pode realizar entrelaçamento de informações, indicando pontos comuns (espécie de padrão), muito úteis à investigação de delitos continuados. Vale registrar que tal tipo de pesquisa, nestes moldes e como utilizada, não encontra paradigma nos meios policiais técnico-científicos do Brasil Aspectos como a classificação entre os diversos modus operandi encontrados em vários locais, sua compilação e comparação, através de banco de dados gerenciado por redes inteligentes, devem ser fruto da análise tecnológica feita pelo Perito Criminal encarregado do exame, adequada ao fato em si e a sua destinação, haja vista ser seu Laudo não só o documento hábil para tais discernimentos, que darão subsídios à investigação policial, como também dá rumo ao processo penal e, por via de consequência, condão em influenciar em suas conclusões.This present study is about a research in the area of forensic science, where it proposes, through recognition of the material traces left by the criminal fact on the technical and scientific local under investigation in sum of interest information, a model for automation and computerization of criminal expert work, broadcast on line and immediate incorporation to the database of information collected, allowing processing by neural network, and providing the mapping of regions by criminal type , in other words, identification of criminal incidents by geographic area, but not only as a statistic, this useful for criminal policy, but also as an investigative tool, to import the DETAILED outline the modus operandi that once released in adaptive data bank, can perform lathing of information, indicating commonalities ( sort of default ), very useful for the investigation of ongoing crimes. It is worth noting that this type of research, and how these molds used, has no paradigm in the technical-scientific police in Brazil. Aspects such as the classification between the various modus operandi found in lots of locations, its compilation and comparison through database managed by intelligent network, must be the result of the technological analysis taken by the Criminal Expert in charge of the examination and its destination, considering its report not only be the proper document for such insights, which will provide subsidies to the police investigation, but also gives direction to criminal proceedings and, by consequence, can influence their conclusions.
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McManus, Sarah E. "Influence of the CSI effect on education and mass media." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4595.
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Forensic science television shows, especially CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, have been said to influence the public's perception of how forensic science is used and create interest in studying forensic science and pursuing jobs in the field. This study investigates this claim through a variety of methods. First, definitions of the CSI effect are discussed, including how it was first used and mentioned in the media. Second, survey data from students in a forensic anthropology course regarding interest in forensic science media and educational and career choices are analyzed. Third, the number and debut dates of forensic science non-fiction books, novels, non-fiction television shows, and television dramas are investigated. Finally, a content analysis of the television show Bones is undertaken in order to understand how the forensic anthropology presented in this show differs from the actual practice of forensic anthropology. Results of this study indicate that, overall, students who wanted to pursue forensic science careers and graduate study did not watch more forensic science television shows and read more forensic science novels than those who did not want to pursue forensic science careers and graduate study. Also, based on the decreased interest in a number of forensic careers, it appears that respondents may have started the course with false perceptions regarding the actual job descriptions of these careers. Regarding the number and debut dates of forensic science media, this study found that the majority of non-fiction forensic anthropology books, non-fiction television shows, television dramas debuted after CSI appeared, corroborating the claim that CSI led to an increase in interest in forensic anthropology. In addition, this study found that while much of Bones is fictionalized for entertainment purposes, many of the techniques and analyses presented on the show have a peripheral basis in scientific methods.ID: 029094425; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-130).
M.A.
Masters
Department of Anthropology
Sciences
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Servello, John A. "Thermal Identification of Clandestine Burials: A Signature Analysis and Image Classification Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33201/.
Full textAbstract:
Clandestine burials, the interred human remains of forensic interest, are generally small features located in isolated environments. Typical ground searches can be both time-consuming and dangerous. Thermal remote sensing has been recognized for some time as a possible search strategy for such burials that are in relatively open areas; however, there is a paucity of published research with respect to this application. This project involved image manipulation, the analyses of signatures for "graves" of various depths when compared to an undisturbed background, and the use of image classification techniques to tease out these features. This research demonstrates a relationship between the depth of burial disturbance and the resultant signature. Further, image classification techniques, especially object-oriented algorithms, can be successfully applied to single band thermal imagery. These findings may ultimately decrease burial search times for law enforcement and increase the likelihood of locating clandestine graves.
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Ammar, Farah N. "The "CSI effect" on jurors, criminals and the American court system." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1057.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Cabral, Mónica Isabel Soares. "Perceções dos técnicos periciais relativamente à fiabilidade e admissibilidade como meio de prova dos métodos de Criminalística utilizados pela GNR." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3472.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em CriminologiaNa investigação criminal, a Criminalística representa uma das áreas mais importantes no que concerne à recolha de meios de prova da prática de um determinado crime. Como tal, o presente estudo tem por objetivo determinar quais as principais técnicas utilizadas pelos peritos da GNR na recolha, acondicionamento e transporte de vestígios e qual a sua fiabilidade e admissibilidade como meio de prova em tribunal. Também se pretende apurar se as técnicas que atualmente se encontram a ser utilizadas são eficientes, conciliando a eficácia com a celeridade exigente na adoção destes processos e determinar a existência ou inexistência de discordâncias entre os métodos e técnicas utilizadas e a legislação aplicável às mesmas. Com a intenção de alcançar os objetivos inicialmente propostos, foram incluídos no estudo cerca de 378 indivíduos, dos quais 126 pertencentes ao NAT (Núcleo de Apoio técnico da GNR), 126 advogados e 126 juristas, recorrendo-se a um questionário, elaborado propositadamente para o efeito deste estudo, para a recolha dos dados amostrais. Dos resultados desta investigação, espera-se que os métodos utilizados atualmente pelos peritos da GNR sejam admissíveis e fiáveis enquanto meio de prova nas instâncias judiciárias, havendo assim uma relação positiva entre a eficácia e a celeridade do processo de recolha, acondicionamento e transporte de vestígios. De igual modo, espera-se que estas metodologias além de serem conhecidas sejam também suficientes e eficazes como meio de prova. Decorrida a investigação, crê-se que hajam conhecimentos das fases mais relevantes da abordagem investigativa e qual o tipo de abordagem que deve ser implementado. Relativamente aos vestígios, prevê-se que os mesmos sejam dotados de bastante valor enquanto meio de prova da prática de um facto, podendo, porém, os peritos deparar-se com algumas dificuldades nos seus processos de recolha e acondicionamento. Espera-se igualmente que todas as técnicas utilizadas no âmbito da Criminalística sejam congruentes com aquilo que se encontra previsto nas leis lusitanas. In criminal investigations, the Criminalistics represents one of the most important areas regarding the collection of evidences of a particular crime. This study aims to determine the main techniques used by the experts of the GNR in the collection, packaging and transportation of evidences and its reliability and admissibility as evidence in the court law. It also aims to investigate if the techniques that are currently being used are effective, linking the efficiency with the speedy that these processes need and to determine the existence or nonexistence of disagreements between the methods and techniques used and the laws governing them. Aiming to achieve the objectives initially proposed, the study included about 378 individuals, of which 126 belong to the NAT (Technical Support Center GNR), 126 lawyers and 126 magistrates, using a questionnaire prepared purposely for this study, for the collection of information. From the results of this investigation, it is expected that the methods currently used by the experts of the GNR are admissible and reliable as evidence in legal courts, so there is a positive relationship between the efficiency and speed of the process of collection, packaging and transportation of the evidences. Similarly, it is expected that these methods are also sufficient and effective in searching evidences. It is also believed that there are more relevant knowledge about the phases of the investigative approach and what kind of approach should be implemented. It is expected that the evidences have a lot of value in the court law, however, experts have can have some difficulties in the collecting and packaging processes. It is also expected that all the techniques used in Criminalistics are compatible with the Portuguese laws.
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Prévost-Levac, Line. "Modalités de la transgression dans les récits de Fan Fiction de séries policières contemporaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25976/25976.pdf.
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Merege, Fernando. "Identificação de padrões de criminosos seriais usando inteligência artificial associada a neurônios espelhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-21052015-164058/.
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Os criminosos seriais que atuam no cometimento do crime de furto possuem modos de operação (Modus operandi) distintos e, que podem ser identificados através da análise dos exames periciais utilizando-se redes neurais. No sistema proposto, identificado um determinado modo de operação, um analista forense utilizando as informações adicionais coletadas e as hipóteses geradas pelos peritos de campo tem a competência de definir conjuntos de ações periciais complementares, que serão adicionados aos registros do modo identificado. Durante um novo exame pericial, em tempo real, a sub-rotina auxiliar analisa os blocos de dados enviados pelos peritos criminais de campo e, em caso de similaridade com um modo de operação anteriormente identificado, envia a eles um conjunto de ações complementares que, a critério do responsável em campo, pode ou não ser usado para alterar o procedimento de campo escolhido. Neste trabalho definimos Neurônios Espelho como sendo a associação das redes neurais para a identificação de padrões com a planilha de trabalho, utilizada pelo analista forense para a definição de ações complementares, com a sub-rotina auxiliar que verifica os blocos de informação recebidos e, que pode identificar partes de um modo de operação, remetendo para os peritos de campo um conjunto de ações complementares. Esta definição deve-se a descoberta pela neurobiologia de um tipo especifico de neurônio que tem a capacidade de disparar ao receber um input sensorial ativando uma área de memória que, em consequência, pode ativar outras áreas de memória ou enviar um comando motor. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos os programas de rede neural utilizados para a identificação dos modos de operação parcial e o final, além, das planilhas de trabalho para a elaboração das ações complementares e a sub-rotina auxiliar para identificação em tempo real dos modos de operação parciais. O treinamento da rede foi efetuado com 98 ocorrências e na verificação de validade foram utilizados 10 ocorrências.The serial criminals who operate in the commission of the crime of theft have different modes of operation (modus operandi) and which may be identified through the analysis of forensic examinations using neural networks. In the proposed system, identified a particular mode of operation, a forensic analyst using the information collected and the hypotheses generated by field experts have the competence to define sets of complementary expert shares, which will be added to the records so identified. During a new forensic examination, in real time, the auxiliary subroutine examines data blocks sent by forensic experts in the field and, in the case of similarity to previously identified a mode of operation, sends them a complementary set of actions that the discretion of the responsible in the field, or can not be used to change the procedure chosen field. In this paper we define Mirror Neurons as the association of neural networks to identify patterns with the worksheet, used by forensic analyst for the definition of complementary actions, with the auxiliary subroutine that checks the blocks of information received and that can identify parts of a mode of operation, referring to field experts a set of complementary actions. This definition should be discovered by the neurobiology of a specific type of neuron that has the ability to shoot while receiving a sensory \"input\" activating an area of memory that, in consequence, can activate other areas of memory or send a motor command. This work programs of neural network used for identifying the modes of operation and the final part were developed, in addition, the worksheets for the elaboration of complementary actions and the auxiliary subroutine for real-time identification of the modes of partial operation. Network training was performed with 98 occurrences and validity check 10 events were used.
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Silva, Márcio Jacinto de Souza. "A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Criminalística: um estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9956.
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Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-24T18:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A nova administração pública e a gestão do Instituto de Crimin.pdf: 1921485 bytes, checksum: aa41fd588edb6d751349c01765054bd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-28
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em que medida o Instituto de Criminalística, órgão da administração pública direta de Minas Gerais, alinhou a sua gestão administrativa e de pessoal às diretrizes do Choque de Gestão. Decorridos oito anos desde o início da implantação dessa política pública, a questão cabe averiguação a fim de se saber o quanto dos novos ideais foram disseminados e assimilados em uma das instituições a qual essa política se comprometera a modernizar. Ao abordar a medida da relação existente entre o Choque de Gestão e o Instituto de Criminalística, este estudo visou compreender quantos velhos paradigmas foram quebrados e quantos novos conceitos foram assimilados para fazer a administração pública voltar-se para quem de fato foi criada e a quem deve servir: o povo. Para subsidiar as pesquisas, este estudo abrangeu uma análise dos referenciais teóricos que faceiam as questões relevantes à Nova Administração Pública e impactaram diretamente a concepção do Choque de Gestão, mas levando em conta os referenciais próprios dessa política. A pesquisa de campo consistiu de uma abordagem do fenômeno em seu palco de acontecimento, feita por meio de observação-participante, de entrevistas e questionários junto aos principais atores do cenário pesquisado: servidores e gestores de linha e clientes. Os resultados mostraram que, inobstante, o Choque de Gestão apresentar-se como um plano estruturado e bem intencionado, a sua proposta de transformação ainda não causou ressonância naquela ponta do serviço público, posto que diversos conceitos propalados por essa política confrontam-se com antigos valores, derivados de práticas anteriores. Sendo assim, acredita-se que a efetivação das diretrizes do Choque de Gestão está condicionada à adesão dos gestores e servidores de linha a essas propostas e, para tanto, as instâncias superiores de governo deverão agir para garantir essa adesão.
The objective of the present study was to check the extent to which the Instituto de Criminalística, an agency directly administered by the State of Minas Gerais, has submitted its management of operation and personnel to the Management Shock directives. After eight years of that policy implementation, the question ought to be checked so as to let one knows to which extent these new ideals have been disseminated in and assimilated by one of the institutions that such a policy had committed to modernize. By approaching the measure of the relation between Management Shock Program and the Instituto de Criminalística, the present study aims at understanding how many of the old paradigms have been broken, and how many new concepts have been assimilated to make the public administration pay attention to whom it was in fact created and whom it should serve: the people. To contribute to the research, the present study has encompassed an analysis of the theoretic references that involve the questions relevant to New Public Administration and directly impacted Management Shock, also taking references proper to this policy into account. The field research has consisted of an approach to the phenomenon in its stage of happening, made through a participant-observation, interviews and questionnaires submitted to the principal actors of the researched scenario: officials and line managers and clients. The results have showed that notwithstanding the fact that Management Shock presented itself as a structured and well-meaning plan, its proposal for transformation has not yet caused a resonance on that end of the civil service, since many concepts touted by this policy are confronted with old values, derived from past practices. Therefore, it is believed that the settlement of the Management Shock guidelines is determined by conditioning the commitment of managers and ordinary servants to these proposals, and to that end, higher levels of government should act in the interest of ensuring this commitment.
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Tsunoda, Márcia Aiko. "O processo de construção da identidade do profissional Perito Criminal Federal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9579.
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According to the Criminal Processual Code of Brazil, the crime scene investigation is essential, and can not be replaced by the confession of the accused in the crimes that leave evidences. This research begins a study on the construction of professional identity of the Perito Criminal Federal, the expert that acts within the Federal Police in Brazil. The academic approach was adopted in order to identify the main issues that contribute to building this professional identity. The main objective of this work is the recognition of their own role in society, and based on this information, to find initiatives that could encourage the search for improvement, better training and development of the professionals, benefiting not only the motivation and job satisfaction of the Perito Criminal Federal, but mainly, the improvement in the response it produces for society. The study results revealed that his identity, like any professional, is in constant metamorphosis, and is influenced by his individual history and realities, and by environmental social and professional influences. The study showed that there are gaps to be filled in the view of the professional related to the feedback of his work, beyond the concern with the quantity versus quality in the production of his Reports. We also observed the existence of an organizational environment disfavorable for the enforcement of international and national law and recommendations, that stipulates the need for autonomy in forensic scientists job, to ensure impartial and neutral evidence examination in search of justice. It also became clear the need for greater communication and internal discussion about the vision of the future. It is essential for the realization of a democratic society that respects human rights and ensure the public safety, a Perito Criminal Federal that is aware of his identity, that can act effectively, with motivation, agility and quality, for the justice for Brazilian citizens.
Segundo o Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, a Perícia é imprescindível, e não pode ser substituída pela confissão do acusado, nos crimes que deixem vestígios. Esta pesquisa inicia um estudo acerca da construção da identidade profissional do Perito Criminal Federal, o Perito que atua no âmbito da Polícia Federal no Brasil. A abordagem acadêmica foi adotada no sentido de serem identificadas as principais questões que contribuem na construção da identidade desse profissional. O objetivo principal do trabalho é o reconhecimento pelo Perito Criminal Federal do seu papel para a sociedade, de modo que se vislumbrem iniciativas que possam incentivar a busca de melhorias, de aprimoramento na formação e evolução dos profissionais, beneficiando não apenas a motivação e satisfação profissional, mas, sobretudo, a resposta que este produz para a sociedade. O resultado da pesquisa revelou que sua identidade, como a de qualquer profissional, está em constante metamorfose, e sofre a influência de sua história e verdades individuais e das influências do ambiente social e profissional. O estudo demonstrou que existem lacunas a serem preenchidas na visão do próprio profissional com relação ao retorno quanto ao resultado efetivo do seu trabalho, além da preocupação com o equilíbrio entre quantidade e qualidade na produção de Laudos Periciais Criminais. Observou-se ainda a existência de um ambiente organizacional desfavorável quanto ao cumprimento de leis e recomendações, internacionais e nacionais, que preconizam a necessidade de autonomia para a realização do trabalho pericial, de forma a garantir a prova isenta e neutra em busca da justiça. Também ficou nítida a necessidade de maior comunicação e discussão interna acerca da visão de futuro da profissão. É primordial para a efetivação de uma sociedade democrática, que respeita os direitos humanos e zela pela segurança pública, uma Perícia Criminal Federal consciente de sua identidade, efetiva, que possa atuar com motivação, celeridade e qualidade em prol da justiça para os cidadãos brasileiros.
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Monnet-Cantagrel, Hélène. "Les Séries télévisées du format aux franchises. Pratique et esthétique des dramas américains de prime-time, créés entre 1996 et 2006." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA173.
Full textAbstract:
Les séries télévisées de fiction suscitent depuis quelques années un intérêt sans précédent dans leur histoire, qui amène à s’interroger sur le sens pris par cette forme de fiction. Mais, à cette question de la signification de l’objet, s’ajoute celle de la méthode permettant d’y répondre. Récits, fictions, les séries sont aussi des produits commerciaux et industriels et, de ce fait, fortement déterminées par leurs contextes de production et de réception.Depuis 1996 et la dérégulation des télécommunications aux Etats-Unis, le paysage médiatique et le marché télévisuel, américains puis internationaux, ont connu d’importants bouleversements économiques et technologiques dont une des conséquences a été l’adoption de stratégies d’expansion et de branding des programmes, qui prennent un tour inédit et auxquelles les séries n’échappent pas.Adaptées, dérivées, reprises, les séries, notamment dramatiques, se franchisent, faisant apparaître alors ce qui constitue une spécificité de la création sérielle, le format. Forme minimale de la fiction, le format consiste en une présentation écrite qui en fixe les constituants fondamentaux permettant non seulement sa sérialisation mais aussi sa distribution.A partir de formats et de franchises de séries dramatiques américaines de la décennie initiée à 1996, cette thèse se propose d’examiner en quoi le format pourrait contribuer à enrichir l’étude des séries télévisées dans une perspective autant théorique qu’interprétativeSince the beginning of the 2000s, television series arouse an unheard-of interest in their history, which brings to question the sense of this kind of fiction. But, in this issue of the meaning of the object, is also the one of the method to answer it.Narratives and fictions, series are also commercial and industrial products and, therefore, strongly determined by their contexts of production and reception. Since 1996 and the deregulation of telecommunications in the United States, american then international media landscapes and markets have known important economic and technological upheavals which led to new strategies of expansion and branding of the programs, in an unprecedented tourAdapted, spun off, remade, dramatic series lead to franchises, revealing then what establishes a specificity of the serial creation : the format. The television format is a written presentation which sets the fundamental core of the fiction, allowing not only serialization but also its distribution.Studying formats and franchises of American dramatic series of the decade introduced in 1996, this thesis examines how the television format could contribute to enrich the study of television series in a theoretical as well as in an interpretative objective
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Singh, Sherwin. "An evaluation of the role of forensic science in crime scene reconstruction." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25013.
Full textAbstract:
In this research, the role of forensic science with the use of forensic photography in the crime scene reconstruction process was evaluated. The researcher identified how SAPS detectives and Crime Scene Technicians (CST‟S) are currently conducting crime scene reconstructions by adopting forensic photography; furthermore, other methods in which forensic photography could be used to conduct crime scene reconstructions were explored. The researcher made use of an empirical design, as the information available on the research topic was limited. The empirical design, together with a qualitative research approach, allowed for real-life observations. The simple random sampling method was used to select 20:10 partcipants for this research as follows: Ten (10) detectives that investigate murder cases, and another ten (10) CST‟S that conducted crime scene reconstructions in the Durban Policing Area (DPA). Data was obtained using qualitative data collection methods that included a literature study and interviews. The findings of this research provide that the value of forensic science, as well as the use of forensic photography in the crime scene reconstruction process, was established. Evidently, detectives and CST‟S are not doing everything possible to reconstruct murder crime scenes. For recommendation, this research suggests that SAPS detectives and crime scene technicians (CST'S) adopt the fundamentals of forensic science when reconstructing murder crime scenes.Criminology and Security Science
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Wiid, Antoinette Bedelia. "The use of blood pattern analysis to reconstruct a crime scene." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22066.
Full textAbstract:
The success or failure of any criminal investigation often depends on the recognition of physical evidence left at a crime scene and the proper analysis of that evidence. Crime scenes that involve bloodshed often contain a wealth of information in the form of blood patterns, the location, and its cause. Any criminal investigation has specific tasks, from the time when the crime is reported to the reconstruction of crime scenes. A lot of work needs to be done. Once the investigation starts at the crime scene, BPA needs to be done at the crime scene and the investigating officer must identify this evidential tool. The investigating officer should not necessarily have specialised training in blood pattern analysis, but rather know when to use these experts at their bloody crime scenes. With the interviews and docket analysis done, the researcher found that this was a problem as the investigating officers, either had no knowledge on the subject of BPA or very little knowledge on this research.
The purpose of this study was to determine the use of BPA to CSR, and for the investigating officer to realise that it is not just a bloody crime scene, but also contains a wealth of evidence. The researcher had two research questions. Once the investigating officer follows the objectives of criminal investigation, they should be able to have a strong case against the perpetrators. How could BPA be used in the reconstructing of a crime scene? The researcher wanted to bring it to the investigating officers’ attention that it is not just a bloody crime scene, but rather that it contains a wealth of evidence, which can give them a perspective of the movement of both the victim and perpetrator during the commencement of the crime. Regardless of the lack of knowledge of BPA, it is proposed that investigating officers are to be informed, either through station lectures or by yearly refresher workshops and courses of the evidential tool of BPA. When the bloody crime scene is reconstructed with the use of BPA, an insight of what transpired at the crime scene will help them to finalise their cases.
For recommendations, it is proposed that investigating officers are to be trained in more in depth courses in criminal investigation as well as crime scene reconstruction and evidence collection using FSL.Criminology and Security Science
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
35
Nkashe, Manyedi Solomon. "The role of the investigator in the prosecution process." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19828.
Full textAbstract:
The process of investigation, which begins when a crime is reported and ends after a
suspect has been convicted or discharged by a court of law, is a mammoth task which
requires cooperation between various stakeholders, such as investigators and
prosecutors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the specialised
commercial crime investigators in the prosecution process. The study evaluated and
explored the status of the current roles played by these investigators with the intention
of recommending changes that could improve investigator practice. Two research
questions were posed. First, the researcher endeavoured to find answers to a question
regarding what the prosecution process entails. Secondly, the researcher sought to
establish the roles of the specialised commercial crime investigator in the prosecution
process. It was envisaged that the answers to these questions could be obtained from
specialised commercial crime investigators and prosecutors deployed in the commercial
crimes courts. On this basis two samples were chosen, with nine investigators from the
Gauteng North office of the Specialised Commercial Crimes Unit and four prosecutors
from the Specialised Commercial Crimes Court in Gauteng North. Some of the findings
were that the investigators in trying to fulfil their roles of investigations have an adverse impact on the investigation and successful prosecution of offenders, which in turn lead
to recidivism and apathy among the communities being served by the police and the
justice system in general. The image of the police, particularly that of the commercial
crime investigators, is often negated and the justice system is portrayed as a failure in
addressing the problem of crime. The conclusions drawn from the data were that the
roles of investigators in the prosecution process are mandatory as they are legislated
rather that persuasive and that investigators cannot rely on prosecutors to handle all
aspects of investigation once a case has been handed over to the prosecution. Apart
from a lack of knowledge about these roles, it was established that some investigators
deliberately ignore their roles in this relationship. It is proposed that dedicated training
should be afforded to investigators and prosecutors above their existing training, with a
focus on how to take part in the prosecution process. Investigators should be informed
that their responsibilities in the prosecution process are a result of legislation and that
failure to satisfy the legislation will carry adverse consequences for the investigation
itself, the prosecution and the other stakeholders.Criminal and Procedural Law
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigations)
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Tung, Yi-Tse, and 董譯澤. "Legal Considerations for Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wad2zr.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
法律學系碩士在職專班
104
Crime scene investigation as the beginning of the criminal investigation, is an important method to obtain evidence of a criminal act. Task of crime scene investigation is implemented by the use of scientific methods of forensic expertise in crime scene to collect evidence, and the evidence will be submitted to crime laboratory to analyze , the analyzed results and then conclusion based on the analyzed results and the documentation of investigation is drawed. Therefore, the reports often become important evidence in criminal procedure. To do the crime scene investigation is according to Article 230 and 231 of the Criminal Procedure Code, but there’re still many scene investigation problems which cannot be solved by these two articles. Moreover, there’s few research about the admissibility and credibility of evidence. It is hoped that this paper can offer some information or resolution to those who have problems about crime scene investigation and forensic science evidence. This paper is divided as follows: The first chapter is the Preface. Chapter II is about investigation work, introducing what the crime scene is, types of crime scene, and to distinguish between different definitions of crime scene under the forensic science and criminal procedure law,and the system of criminal police of the forensic science organization of our country and its operation system. Chapter III discussess the law about crime scene investigation, and legal issues of crime scene search, indicating that the provisions of the current criminal procedure code and offers some recommandations on the revision of these provisions. Chapter IV focuses on criminal laboratory report and scientific evidence. In the U.S., there are Frye and Daubert rules to help the court to decide what kind of scientific evidence would be allowed to be used in the ligitation. But there’s no similar rule or standard in our country to help the court to examine scientific evidence. Some of forensic evidence have flaws and do not meet the standard of Daubert rule, but the court still adopt them. Chapter V is about crime scene investigation report and the prosecution using reports from forensic experts against a criminal accused at trial. Chapter VI is conclusions and recommendations.
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Chlustinová, Erika. "Ohledání místa činu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415512.
Full textAbstract:
Crime Scene Investigation is without a doubt one of the most important step in criminal proceeding, which allows us to gain a complete picture over events, that really happened. To helps us attain this knowledge, there are certain reflections of perpetrators actions in form of physical evidence, that needs to be found and professionally secured. The task of crime scene investigation team of the relevant department of the Police of the Czech Republic, which intervenes on the scene, is to examine the scene and to provide all the evidence that could help clarify the case. Procedure on the crime scene requires a perfect organization by the head of the crime scene investigation team, which puts high demands on expertise and practical experience of the lead investigator. This procedure is one of the most difficult in the entire criminal proceedings, because even small neglect od duties can have a fatal consequence. This thesis compiles a specific legal texts, that are designated to the students of the law faculties, and for the students of the Police academy of Czech republic, and also knowledge attain from practical guides and guidelines directly for the police officers in Czech republic and tries to create a set of law sources, that will not only compare them, but it will also include authors opinions....
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Gounden, Manisagaree. "Observing a rape crime scene with the intent to identify evidence." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23232.
Full textAbstract:
Investigating a crime of rape relies heavily upon physical evidence, which provides the court with tangible objects that are not subject to memory loss. The recognition ofphysical evidence plays a critical role in the investigation process. The first step of crime scene investigation is to conduct observation to locate valuable physical evidence; a task that depends on the skills of the investigating officer. The more common types of physical evidence that could link a suspect to the crime were identified in this study.
This dissertation endeavours to provide crime scene investigators with answers on how to conduct observation at a rape crime scene. This research is based on interviews and a literature study, and will furnish insight and information about the observation process at rape crime scenes. The findings of the research may generate guidelines for crime scene observation. Recommendations and conclusions are indicated in the final chapter.Police Practice
M. Tech (Forensic Investigation)
39
Mokwena, Rakgetse John. "The value of photography in the investigation of crime scenes." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/7662.
Full textAbstract:
It is said that "one picture is worth a thousand words". This implies that pictorial
testimony has more value than ten witnesses. The witnesses may give different
views on the same issue, and, furthermore, they may forget some of the facts. Due
to human error, omission, and defects such as old age and sight problems, they are
contributing factors for people to give different accounts of the same events.
The study entails the various roles of photography, such as recording the crime
scene and that photography is considered as evidence in court. Investigators may
use them for both suspects' and witnesses' interviewing. Furthermore, witnesses
and victims may use them to refresh their memories, and the court uses them to
prove the matter at issue. This indicates that photographs have a major role to play
in the judicial and investigation processes.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
40
Polívková, Lucie. "Metodika vyšetřování vražd /vybrané problémy/." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324850.
Full textAbstract:
in English The topic of the thesis is the " The Methodology of Investigation of Murders (selected issues)". The topic is too broad for the limited capacity of the dissertation. While writing the thesis, after the necessary theoretical introduction (which contains the definition of crimes against life, medical definition of death, etc.), I focused only on the initial stage of the investigation of the crime of murder. I specifically focused on the discovery of the body, on securing the crime scene, on autopsy and on the demarcation of investigative versions. Next stage of the investigation is only briefly summarized in the ninth chapter. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter explains basic terms, especially murder, murder of a newborn baby by its mother and other crimes against life, such as manslaughter, negligent homicide and assistance to suicide. This chapter also includes medical definition of death, and a brief description of the post-mortem changes. The second chapter consists of brief statistics on the number of murders in the Czech Republic between the periods 2000 to 2012. It contains two graphs; the first graph shows the evolution of the total number of murders each year and their solving. The second graph divides murders according to the specific motives. The third...
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Hájková, Nikola. "Metodika vyšetřování vražd /vybrané problémy/." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331364.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is devoted to the investigation methodology of murders. The main emphasis is given to the procedure of the police authority within the investigation of murders. Since this topic is very extensive and the methodology comprises of the great amount of activities, I dedicate this diploma thesis only to the selected areas thereof. The first chapter describes the specification of the crimes against life, in particular legal regulation and related aspects. I focused on the legal regulation in Czech law with respect to a crime of murder, homicide and murder of a new born by its mother. Only marginal attention is given to a crime of negligent manslaughter and a crime of assisting with suicide. The second chapter comprises of the statistics of the committed murders. I analyse the statistics of the numbers of murders committed within the European Union, the Czech Republic and the Ústí region. Another part of the thesis is theoretically orientated. I concentrate on the criminalistics characteristic of a murder and the fundamental aspects thereof - the mode of committing a crime, the personality of a murderer, the personality of a victim and a criminal motive. The following chapter forms the crucial part the diploma thesis in which I analyse typical investigation situations, in particular in...
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Jobela, Nobafundi Kindness. "The significance of efficient murder crime scene processing." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25739.
Full textAbstract:
This study sought to explore the significance of efficient murder crime scene processing. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with investigators who investigate murder cases in the Nyanga South African Police Service (SAPS) cluster in the Western Cape, to stimulate knowledge of the significance of efficient murder scene processing. A literature study relating to aspects of crime scene management and crime scene processing was conducted. From the results of this research, it appears that participants did realise the significance of efficient murder scene processing. It is, however, apparent that they experienced challenges and shortcomings with regard to efficiently processing murder scenes. Reasons for this are inexperienced investigators, overload of murder scenes to investigate, lack of human resources, and lack of cooperation between investigators and crime scene experts. The study makes recommendations that could assist the Nyanga SAPS cluster in improving the processing of murder scenes.Police Practice
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
43
楊劭鈞. "The Application of 3D Technology in Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42350472735371710248.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
102
The crime scenes are full of evidences, and it also reveal the information of how the criminals commit crime. Protecting the crime scene is not only the first but the key step of crime scene reconstruction, the more elaborative it has been conducted, the less difficult to reconstruct the crime scene. Crime scene investigation is a series work with discreetness, this kind of discreet work cannot be relied solely on the experience and the training of the forensic staffs, due to the fact that the crime scene could be easily damaged through the process of investigation. Traditionally, in order to completely record the crime scene, it requires at least three staffs to enter the crime scene, one for taking photos, another for recording video, the other for gathering evidences. It takes long time and increase the possibility of damaging the original crime scene. Therefore, we should draw support from the innovative technology to help the forensic staffs to investigate the crime scene elaborately, to fulfill the goal of “scientific investigation”. The motivation of the research is to help the forensic staffs to conduct crime scene investigation in a more effective way through the 3D scanning and 3D printing technology. Moreover, to solve the problems we have encountered now, including: the difficulty of preserving the footprints in crime scene, the difficulty of recording the original crime scene, the low precision of the traditional investigate tools, and the difficulty of judging the information of the evidences immediately in the crime scene. The research aimed to analyze the advantages and the limits of applying the 3D scanning and 3D printing technology to the crime scene investigation, furthermore, the research seeks to provide some concrete advices for the forensic organizations of Taiwan.
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Coetzee, Theo. "The evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape cases." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2409.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of this dissertation was to evaluate the evidential value of crime scene investigation in child rape cases. There are two kinds of crime scenes that needed to be processed in sexual crimes. Firstly is the location of occurrence and secondly is the victim's body. The crime scene is in any crime the major source of information if correctly approach, but even more so in a child rape investigations. A few crimes rely so heavily upon physical evidence as does the crime of rape.
It is therefore essential that all rape investigators have first-class knowledge of proper crime scene investigation methods and techniques. Since crime scenes not properly protected or process may fail the investigation in court and as a result see the suspect acquitted.
The following physical evidence could link and assist the investigator to individualise the suspect during thorough crime scene investigation; body fluids such as semen, blood, saliva. Other evidence of physical nature commonly found at crime scenes includes fingerprints, footprints (impression evidence); soil evidence, hair evidence, and anything in general handled or left behind by the rapist at the crime scene.
This dissertation strives to provide the Investigator with answers on, how, where, and when to process the crime scene.Criminology
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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CHOU, CHENG-KUEI, and 周振貴. "The Study on Crime Scene Investigation by Using Virtual Reality." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/779v9d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中央警察大學
刑事警察研究所
107
Crime scene investigation is one of the most important steps for the investigation and trail process. The crime scene can provide lots of clues such as physical evidence, modus operandi, etc., that helps investigators to link to the potential suspect. Crime scene investigators’ ability to collect evidence and assess crime scene could assist detectives to solve crime efficiently and correctly. There are few studies exploring investigative thinking and decision making during crime scene investigation. The aim of this study is to compare investigative thinking of experts and novices through eye tracking data and interview. In this study we use omnidirectional camera to scan a stimulated criminal scene in order to construct the virtual reality. 48 participants were recruited from Central Police University and other forensic departments who were categorized as novices and experts groups. The expert and novice examiners wore the virtual reality glasses combined with the eye trackers, and compared the investigation strategies in the crime scenes from eye tracking data, hotspot gaze. The participants were interviewed for requiring their investigative thinking logic and VR experince during the stimulated crime scène investigation. The result shows the experts searched evidence more efficiently than the novices because of their prior experiences, while derived the crime scenes more conservatively. Finally, we suggest that VR could be a useful tool for crime scene investication training.
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Chung, Ming-Hui, and 鍾銘輝. "A Research on Application of Technologies in Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89374434214482999216.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
100
“Crime Scene Investigation” is the start point of inspecting crime cases. Exploration quality is the key point of solving cases. International forensic master, Dr. Henry Lee said: “The crime scene is a treasure trove of physical evidence.” It is also the important element to detect cases and make suspects confess their crimes. Crime scene investigators often carry a lot of package, rush to the scene, and then find themselves forgetting to bring tools or running out of consumables which results in wasting time and human resource. Therefore, the main subject of the thesis is how investigators can protect and record the crime scene effectively when they arrive. Through literature analysis and case study method, this study designs a set of integrated technology system and introduces modern technology management, looking forward to helping crime scene investigators solve the problem of efficiency, the lack of human resource, and acquire more complete, more refined evidence information. This study find that, by using Tablet PC, 3D optical scanners, the investigators are able to immediately conduct scene investigation; by remote connection technology, they can also receive the command from other experts timely which can greatly enhance the efficiency and quality of investigation. The information of crime scene investigation can be timely uploaded to data base in cloud by Wifi, 3G, and RFID. After cloud computing, they can have immediate analysis of investigation and forensic scientists’ collaborative examination to improve traditional investigation. The results of this study show that Tablet PC and 3D optical scanners can significantly enhance the efficiency and the fineness of the crime scene record and reduce the waste of human resources; RFID can strengthen the chain of evidence custody and reduce work duplication; Cloud computing can save cost and enhance collaboration, improving the quality of manpower.
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Pillay, Povendran Dorasamy. "The processing of firearms during investigation of a crime scene." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2076.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted with the intention of identifying the current procedure
employed by investigators for processing firearms evidence at a crime scene. The
researcher identified shortcomings which prevent firearm evidence being found to be
inadmissible in criminal proceedings. The researcher also analysed other aspects
relating to the processing of firearm evidence at a crime scene, namely: Locard
principle, identification, individualisation and physical integrity.
In order for investigators to be successful in their investigation of cases involving
firearms, it is imperative for investigators to have a clear understanding of the basic
concepts surrounding firearm evidence processing. It is the strong belief of the
researcher that because of improper handling, contamination and lack of integrity
pertaining to firearm evidence, such evidence is being found to be inadmissible in
criminal proceedings. This negative impact has a roll over effect on the conviction
rate for serious crime.Criminology
M. Tech. (Forensic Invesigation)
48
Phago, Refilwe Juliet. "Evaluation of the role of the first responder at the crime scene." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24237.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of the first responder at the crime scene, focusing on visible policing members at Ivory Park Police Station situated in Gauteng Province. A qualitative approach was employed in which the multiple data sources of literature, documents (SAPS directives) and structured interviews were compared in an attempt to substantiate the research findings. The interviews were conducted with visible policing members who attended to crime scenes as first responders and with detective branch commanders.
This research discussed a number of key concepts: crime scene, criminal investigation, first responder, Locard’s Principle and physical evidence. It explained that criminal investigation is a logical and systematic process of gathering, locating and collecting evidence and the subsequent apprehension of perpetrators of crime in an attempt to secure a conviction. The objectives of criminal investigation are to detect crime; locate and identify possible offenders; gather, collect and process evidence; arrest offenders; recover stolen property; and bring the perpetrators before court to secure a conviction. The basic purpose of investigation is to prevent crime. Locard’s Principle, also known as the “the contact theory”, is that every contact leaves a trace. This research also suggests the processes that must be followed when crime is reported, the meaning of preliminary investigation, and the basic considerations during preliminary investigation, the main mistakes made by the first responder and the solutions to the identified mistakes. It is imperative that visible policing members familiarise themselves with the purpose of investigation and develop an understanding of the term “Locard’s Principle”, the process that must be followed when crime is reported, the basic considerations in the preliminary investigation of a crime and the main mistakes made by the first responders at the scene of crime, as these carry significant weight in the execution of their daily duties. These must be understood by the first responder as they contribute to the successful investigation and prosecution of offenders. This research hopes to assist in securing convictions and decreasing the number of repeat offenders who commit crimes.Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminal Justice)
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Kolářová, Kateřina. "Metodika vyšetřování vražd : /vybrané problémy/." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326074.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of my thesis is the methodology of murder investigation. The thesis deals with trace evidence formed during commission of the crime of murder, typical investigative situations faced by crime investigators, and some of the subsequent acts. The aim of this thesis is to familiarize with the offense of murder and the specifics of crime scene investigation. Furthermore, this work provides a summary of the knowledge obtained through the study of monographs, articles in professional journals, and some of the court relevant decisions. Finally, the work further outlines some selected questions and points out the potential problems related to crime scene investigation. The thesis consists of five chapters, which are further divided in to subchapters. Following the introduction, the first chapter describes the murder under criminal law and outlines the various classifications of murder, which include plain murder, murder committed with forethought or prior consideration, and manslaughter. Moreover, the chapter discusses the legislation pertinent to the concept of murder, and explores its roots under the criminal law of England and Wales. The second chapter describes the various disciplines of criminalistics. Additionally, the chapter provides an assessment of murder investigation by exploring...
50
Huang, Li-Wei, and 黃俐瑋. "The Application of Wearable Device with Smart Technology in Crime Scene Investigation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43140734984257088623.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
102
Crime scene investigation within limited time is a crucial topic for the police. For subsequent forensic analysis, crime scene reconstruction and other procedures, the evidences collected from the crime scene at the first stage may affect whether one case could be successfully solved as soon as possible. The police must make sure that the procedure of searching and investigating is always efficient, comprehensive, and precise, and the quality of evidence must be strictly required as well. This study will collect information of international wearable technology development, and the relevant norms, research papers, case studies about the crime scene investigation. First, find out the existing core difficulties which the domestic crime scene investigators might face by analyzing the preliminary research data. Then, discuss the traditional wearable equipment, and introduce the new wearable smart technology- Google Glass/ Galaxy Gear as a new kind of equipment to assist crime scene investigation. Furthermore, Google Glass can carry with some techniques such as vehicle identification system, facial, biometric related recognition system, Augmented Reality (AR), applications (Apps), and other software programs to become multi-functional. Last, there would be discussion about the benefits and also limits the new technology could bring when placed in the context of a crime scene, and a conclusion with some recommendations. As a consequence, this study focuses on the introduction of new technology for the modern technology management, and explores how technologies could work on the criminal investigation. This study is expected to propose a feasible and effective method in line with the real needs of crime scene investigation process and eventually to help developing the domestic criminal forensics.