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Journal articles on the topic 'Crime scene investigations'
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1
De Simone, Stefania, Francesca Maglietta, Michela Ferrara, Lorenzo Spagnolo, Pietrantonio Ricci, Dania De Carlo, Monica Salerno, Francesco Sessa, and Giuseppe Bertozzi. "Homicide or car accident: The case of the ‘guilty’ fibre." Medico-Legal Journal 87, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817219830275.
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Crime scene investigation should be carried out using a critical forensic approach by an expert team. This provides essential tools in the research and collection of evidence and samples which must be integrated with the autopsy and the police officers’ investigations. This paper aims to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to crime scene investigation and describes a very interesting criminal case. As demonstrated by this case, the evidence obtained from the crime scene analysis sheds light on difficult cases, such as murders staged as suicides or accidents.
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Parfenov, Aleksei. "The issues of the process of evidence collection during preliminary investigation in the Republic of Tajikistan." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001240.
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This paper addresses the topical issues that arise in the process of preliminary investigation and initial operations and investigations related to collecting and obtaining evidence. In particular, the study raises the problematic questions about the nature and goals of technical and criminalistic support of the forensic experts’ research activities during crime scene investigation while specifying relevant statistical data. The author provides an analysis of the state of usage of the forensic equipment employed in obtaining and collecting evidence during crime scene investigation during preliminary investigation in the Republic of Tajikistan and other countries. The paper also covers the issues of knowledge, skills, and abilities of the subjects collecting and obtaining evidence for criminal cases and determines the requirements to to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the forensic experts who participate in crime scene investigation.
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Pecino-Latorre, María del Mar, María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, and Rosa María Patró-Hernández. "Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193629.
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One of the current trends in homicide research includes developing works based on scientific study and empirical evidence, which offer conclusions that can be used in an operational manner during police investigations. The objective of this study was to identify homicide characteristics from behaviors carried out on the crime scene and victim characteristics associated with those of the perpetrators of these crimes in Spain. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases from the database of the Homicide Revision Project led by the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Secretary of State and Security. After creating six classification tree models, it was found that the modus operandi of the aggressor and the victim characteristics may permit hypothesizing about the demographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, and country of origin), his/her criminal record, and the type of relationship with the victim. Furthermore, the importance of the study of victimology during a criminal investigation is highlighted, as it may indirectly offer information about the potential perpetrator. The findings of this study suggest that criminal profiling contributes notably to the decision-making process to establish more rigorous suspect prioritization, improve the management of human resources and materials, and increase the efficiency of criminal investigations.
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Khatoon, Fahmida. "RECENT TECHNIQUES BASED ON THE UTILIZATION OF DNA AND AUTOSOMAL SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS FOR IDENTIFYING HUMANS." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/17.02.2022.
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The biological samples used in forensics can contain DNA which is highly fragmented as a consequence of exposure to any of the numerous degrading factors. Analysis of the sequence or size of the products of Polymerase chain reaction is at present responsible for the analysis of remains of humans in forensics. Despite the effectiveness of protocols based on PCR, there are certain limitations that are presented by the low numbers of copies of the template and the variations that are imposed by the decaying process to the template. The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. This study provides an exploration of the applicability of autosomal SNPs for the identification of humans at crime scene. This would fill the gap present in the current literature regarding the significance of autosomal SNPs in the identification of humans during crime scene investigation. It will also enable the identification of the criminals involved in several types of the crimes ranging from general theft to rape and sexual assault, murder, and robberies. It will also allow the identification of dead bodies in cases where it is difficult to identify the dead person due to unrecognizable condition of the body. This study will facilitate the improvement of the investigation of crime scene investigators. It will provide a significant way for the incorporation of recent techniques of the molecular genetics into forensics. Reduction in the workload of the crime scene investigators would also occur through the implementation of outcomes of this study into the field of forensic science. There are several studies which have demonstrated the applicability of SNPs in forensic investigations for identifying the humans at crime scene. Several effective and efficient technological systems have been developed by the researchers which are capable of performing analysis of biological samples containing degraded DNA because SNPs can be obtained from these samples. Physical characteristics of the individuals can be predicted through the analysis of SNPs. This can provide significant information about the color of eye, hair and skin of the individuals involved in crime.
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Smith, Michael E. "Let's Make the DNA Identification Database as Inclusive as Possible." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00044.x.
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Wherever we go, we leave behind skin cells containing copies of our DNA molecule – unless we go forth hermetically sealed. This makes construction and maintenance of DNA identification databases enormously useful to crime investigators. DNA databases, linking numerical representations of a tiny portion of individuals' DNA with their names and other identifying information, are useful to identify suspects directly by matching DNA found at a crime scene with a DNA profile in a DNA identification database. They are useful indirectly too, because criminal investigations proceed by a process of elimination; and identifying the person whose DNA was found at a crime scene can make it unnecessary to continue investigating others. When the incriminating crime scene sample does not match the DNA of a “person of interest,” that person is freed from the hassles and risks of criminal investigation, including the risk of false conviction.
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Sieberth, T., R. Wackrow, V. Hofer, and V. Barrera. "LIGHT FIELD CAMERA AS TOOL FOR FORENSIC PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-393-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Light field cameras record both the light intensity received by the sensor and the direction in which the light rays are travelling through space. Recording the additional information of the direction of Light rays provides the opportunity to refocus an image after acquisition. Furthermore, a depth image can be created, providing 3D information for each image pixel. Both, focused images and 3D information are relevant for forensic investigations. Basic overview images are often acquired by photographic novices and under difficult conditions, which make refocusing of images a useful feature to enhance information for documentation purposes. Besides focused images, it can also be useful to have 3D data of an incident scene. Capital crime scenes such as homicide are usually documented in 3D using laser scanning. However, not every crime scene can be identified as capital crime scene straight away but only in the course of the investigation, making 3D data acquisition of the discovery situation impossible. If this is the case, light field images taken during the discovery of the scene can provide substantial 3D data. We will present how light field images are refocused and used to perform photogrammetric reconstruction of a scene and compare the generated 3D model to standard photogrammetry and laser scanning data. The results show that refocused light field images used for photogrammetry can improve the photogrammetry result and aid photogrammetric processing.</p>
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Gemmellaro, Maria Denise. "Remote approach to crime scene investigations and forensic science." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 48, no. 6 (October 14, 2020): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.21459.
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Trombka, Jacob I., Jeffrey Schweitzer, Carl Selavka, Mark Dale, Norman Gahn, Samuel Floyd, James Marie, et al. "Crime scene investigations using portable, non-destructive space exploration technology." Forensic Science International 129, no. 1 (September 2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00079-8.
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Watalingam, Renuka Devi, Nicole Richetelli, Jeff B. Pelz, and Jacqueline A. Speir. "Eye tracking to evaluate evidence recognition in crime scene investigations." Forensic Science International 280 (November 2017): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.012.
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Ludwig, Anika, James Fraser, and Robin Williams. "Crime Scene Examiners and Volume Crime Investigations: An Empirical Study of Perception and Practice." Forensic Science Policy & Management: An International Journal 3, no. 2 (May 2012): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2012.728680.
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Yaremchuk, Viktoriia O. "THE USE OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE CRIME INVESTIGATION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 1 (January 2019): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201901120.
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Introduction: Investigation of many types of crimes is accompanied by the involvement of health care workers. They, with the help of their special skills in the sphere of medicine, assist the investigator in identification, fixation and caption of evidence. Health care workers take part in many investigative procedures, carry out forensic, psychiatric and other kinds of examinations. The aim: To reveal modern forms of using medical knowledge during the crime investigation. Materials and methods: The abstract is based on the teachings of scholars of forensic physicians, criminologists, the results of our survey of investigators and forensic experts, the results of our generalization of criminal proceedings regarding the investigation of murders, normative and legal acts of Ukraine and other sources. The system of scientific knowledge methods: historical, statistical, questionnaires, generalizations and others, was used during the research. Review: Our research reveals the following forms of using medical knowledge during crime investigation. This is the participation of physicians as specialists in investigative procedures, like the review of the scene, interrogation, investigation experiment, examination, participation in the selection of biological samples for carrying out expert examinations, physicians’ assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person’s face with a view of its identification, also the consultations of physicians - cardiologists, traumatologists, surgeons, forensic experts, etc., carrying out of forensic and forensic and psychiatric examinations, use of medical knowledge in the form of molecular genome research with the view of person’s identification. The argumentative issues on the interaction between the investigator and the physician during the review of the scene, interrogation and other investigative procedures, implementation of molecular genome research and certain issues arising in the appointment of forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations are reviewed in the abstract. Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge is necessary for investigation of many types of crimes. The forms of using medical knowledge in the crime investigations such as the participation of physicians as specialists in the carrying out of investigative procedures, the physicians’ assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person’s face with a view to its identification and physicians’ consultations are widely spread nowadays. The conduct of forensic, medical and forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations is the most widespread. The use of medical knowledge in the form of genotyposcopic and molecular genome research carried out in order to identify a person during the crime investigations is popular nowadays.
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Pyrih, I. "FIXING RESULTS OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF SPECIALISTS AT THE SCENE OF CRIME." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.21.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of conducting an inspection of the scene of crime with the participation of specialists, the types of activity of specialists in carrying out this investigative (search) action. Possibilities of conducting on-site trace investigations and problematic issues related to the fixation of specialist research activities are identified. It is emphasized that the use of specialized knowledge, along with the use of modern scientific and technical devices is a prerequisite for conducting a site inspection. Their use is required not only during the detection, fixation and removal of traces, but also for the overall assessment of the location of the event, conducting preliminary investigations at the scene aimed at explaining the facts of the occurrence of certain traces, their location and time of occurrence, etc., which may indicate the mechanism of the event as a whole. The definitions of the location review and its tasks have been analyzed. It is concluded that almost all scientists consider the task of reviewing the detection, fixation, removal and investigation of material objects at the scene. The consequence of these tasks is to obtain information about the mechanism of the crime and its participants. Most of these tasks can be solved only after a thorough study of the situation of the scene, which involves various specialists. The problems that exist during the course fixation and the results of the site inspection are analyzed and highlighted. It is noted that the material objects discovered and removed during the investigative (search) action are described in the protocol and properly packed. Information on the technical means used during the investigative (search) activities and the results of their application are also contained in the protocols or annexes thereto. However, the results of on-site investigative actions conducted by both the investigator and the specialist involved and which form the basis for the investigation version are not always recorded in the protocol. Forensic recommendations for drafting the review protocol do not prohibit any opinions, comments or explanations from their participants. According to the author, the fixation of research activities, especially by a specialist, as well as their results in the form of categorical conclusions or versions, should be recorded in writing. The results of any investigations, judgments, versions, assumptions made by the specialist about the circumstances to be ascertained and proven, based on the use of his or her specialized knowledge and which may facilitate the investigation of the crime, should be recorded. It is proposed to change the traditional approaches to the content of the investigative (investigative) action protocol. After a detailed description of the on-site investigations, with all the methods and tools used, the results and conclusions obtained after the investigations should be recorded in the protocol, even in probable form. Such conclusions will be the logical conclusion to a part of the protocol that describes ways to detect and remove traces. It is emphasized that the fixation of research actions is important in the conduct of forensic (mainly forensic) examinations, the objects of which are objects removed during the examination of the scene.
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Somnay, Vishal, Thomas Duong, Ray-Young Tsao, and Joseph A. Prahlow. "Crime Scene Analysis Through DNA Testing of Canine Feces—A Case Report." Academic Forensic Pathology 10, no. 1 (March 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362120944743.
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Forensic DNA testing can play a critical role in homicide investigations. Selecting the appropriate evidence on which to perform DNA testing requires foresight and reasoning based on experience and science. Although successful DNA testing can occur using many substrates, including blood, hair, and sweat/epithelial cells, positive results can also result from testing various unorthodox samples. The authors report on a triple-murder investigation where DNA testing of dog feces at the crime scene matched DNA testing of feces found on the shoe of a suspect resulting in successful prosecution of the case.
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Huffman, Scott W., Kara B. Lukasiewicz, and Chris W. Brown. "FTIR Hyperspectral Images of Microscopic Droplets of Splattered Blood." Microscopy Today 11, no. 3 (June 2003): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500052615.
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During forensic Investigations, determining the time frame of a crime can be an extremely important clue for solving the case. The exact time at which a crime was committed can be especially difficult to determine when considerable time has elapsed. To improve the predictive capabilities of crime scene investigators, we have focused on using spectroscopic methods to Investigate the aging of bloodstains.
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Cameron, J. Scott. "206 HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE: THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENTISTS AT CRIME SCENES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 458f—459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.458f.
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The criminal justice system is served by many experts who provide special assistance to law enforcement professionals during criminal investigations. One of these specialized areas. forensic botany, has traditionally been an activity of the systematic botanist who identifies plant material associated with a suspect or crime scene. From this Information, suspects can be placed at crime scenes and information such as time of death or movement of victims can be determined. Few plant scientists are involved In this emerging field which has the potential to make contributions similar to those made today by forensic anthropology. Plant scientists with training In systematic botany, plant anatomy, plant growth and development, and statistics and probability can make significant contributions to criminal investigations. The use of plant identification and plant growth analyses In recent criminal Investigations will be described. The role of horticulture in the future of forensic science and the development of new techniques In forensic plant science will also be discussed.
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Quinlan, Catherine L. "Use of Crime Scene Investigations in Anatomy and Physiology: Potential for Going Beyond Knowing in NGSS Dimensions." American Biology Teacher 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.3.221.
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To create and implement meaningful tasks that go beyond the cognitive processes of understanding and that integrate all three dimensions of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) is challenging for both educators and curriculum makers. This issue is compounded when considering a content-rich biology course such as anatomy and physiology that requires first familiarity and understanding before engagement in higher-order thinking. The use of crime scene investigations that encourages students to examine evidence even as they learn specific biology concepts can encourage meaning making about scientific practices and science content. This paper deconstructs the implementation of a crime scene investigation titled the “Jewel Heist,” created by the New York Hall of Science and implemented in twelfth-grade anatomy and physiology classes in a diverse urban high school in the northeastern United States. The NGSS, the Framework for K-12 Science Education, along with Bloom's taxonomy and Krathwohl's revisions, are implicated in this process.
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Mahmutović, Dževad, and Berina Huskanović. "A LOOK INSIDE COOPERATION BETWEEN PROSECUTORS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT DURING CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (September 2017): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091708.
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The paper deals with crime scene investigation as a measure of inquiry, conceptually and substantially, subjects of investigation, as well as their mutual relations. The analysis of the existing legal framework suggests that the current Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina offers the appropriate basis for the cooperation between prosecutors and law enforcement. However, previous practice indicates certain shortcomings in the cooperation and coordination between prosecutors and law enforcement. With this paper, the authors wanted to examine the opinions of direct actors on this matter. The results show that they are satisfied with the legal regulation of their mutual relations during investigations, and they express positive opinions in terms of their cooperation. Of course, the possibility of improving that cooperation is also noted, and the methods of achieving it should be identified in further research.
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Spennemann, Dirk H. R., and Bernd Franke. "Archaeological techniques for exhumations: a unique data source for crime scene investigations." Forensic Science International 74, no. 1-2 (June 1995): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(95)01733-y.
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Adebisi, Kolawole Shittu, and Daramola Nurudeen Olanrewaju. "Psychological Profiling of Criminals in Violent Crime Investigations in Nigerian Criminal Justice System." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.25.
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The Nigerian criminal justice system is not entirely ignorant or unaware of the use and the merits of the application of criminal profiling as a tool in crime investigation. The technique was introduced to help law enforcement agencies solve serious crimes such as serial rape or murder and to a lesser extent arson and property crime. At the heart of profiling lies the belief that by combining psychological principles with crime scene analysis, it is possible to identify the likely characteristics of a perpetrator. However, criminal profiling in Nigeria has not nearly reached the level of recognition, functionality, or institutionalization that it has attained in other jurisdictions. This study aims to examine the feasibility and the practicality of offender profiling in a criminal investigation of violent crimes with a particular focus on the Nigerian criminal justice system. It will also give an expository critique of the loopholes and impediments in the Nigerian criminal justice system and ways criminal profiling can fill up these holes. The research methods employed in this study include a combination of both primary and secondary sources. The work highlighted the effectiveness of this field and thus concluded that criminal investigative analysis should be effectively immersed into the justice system and should also receive as much recognition as it has in other jurisdictions especially in the United States and in major parts of Europe.
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Abreu, Valeria, Edward Barker, Hannah Dickson, Francois Husson, Sandra Flynn, and Jennifer Shaw. "Investigating homicide offender typologies based on their clinical histories and crime scene behaviour patterns." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-03-2019-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify offender typologies based on aspects of the offenders’ psychopathology and their associations with crime scene behaviours using data derived from the National Confidential Enquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health concerning homicides in England and Wales committed by offenders in contact with mental health services in the year preceding the offence (n=759). Design/methodology/approach The authors used multiple correspondence analysis to investigate the interrelationships between the variables and hierarchical agglomerative clustering to identify offender typologies. Variables describing: the offenders’ mental health histories; the offenders’ mental state at the time of offence; characteristics useful for police investigations; and patterns of crime scene behaviours were included. Findings Results showed differences in the offenders’ histories in relation to their crime scene behaviours. Further, analyses revealed three homicide typologies: externalising, psychosis and depression. Practical implications These typologies may assist the police during homicide investigations by: furthering their understanding of the crime or likely suspect; offering insights into crime patterns; provide advice as to what an offender’s offence behaviour might signify about his/her mental health background. Findings suggest information concerning offender psychopathology may be useful for offender profiling purposes in cases of homicide offenders with schizophrenia, depression and comorbid diagnosis of personality disorder and alcohol/drug dependence. Originality/value Empirical studies with an emphasis on offender profiling have almost exclusively focussed on the inference of offender demographic characteristics. This study provides a first step in the exploration of offender psychopathology and its integration to the multivariate analysis of offence information for the purposes of investigative profiling of homicide by identifying the dominant patterns of mental illness within homicidal behaviour.
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Janes, Dominic. "The Scene of The Crime: Police Photographs, Visual Culture and Sexuality." Legal Information Management 15, no. 1 (March 2015): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669615000092.
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AbstractVisual materials are often neglected by legal researchers. However, as Dominic Janes explains, attitudes to appearances played an important role in the way in which many criminal investigations were undertaken, notably in the years prior to the Sexual Offences Act (1967). Analysis of aspects of visual culture played a role in the detection of many forms of illegal behaviour and the resulting materials provide a valuable resource for the contemporary researcher. These issues are explored through a case study that involves reading between a painting by the British expressionist Francis Bacon (1909–92) and a photograph in the National Archives taken during a police raid on a London flat in 1927.
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Oklevski, Slobodan. "Theoretical and Practical Security Aspects of Crime Scene Investigations and Evaluation of Evidence." Security Dialogues /Безбедносни дијалози 1 (2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47054/sd1810065o.
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Katsanis, Sara H. "Pedigrees and Perpetrators: Uses of DNA and Genealogy in Forensic Investigations." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 21, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 535–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-111819-084213.
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In the past few years, cases with DNA evidence that could not be solved with direct matches in DNA databases have benefited from comparing single-nucleotide polymorphism data with private and public genomic databases. Using a combination of genome comparisons and traditional genealogical research, investigators can triangulate distant relatives to the contributor of DNA data from a crime scene, ultimately identifying perpetrators of violent crimes. This approach has also been successful in identifying unknown deceased persons and perpetrators of lesser crimes. Such advances are bringing into focus ethical questions on how much access to DNA databases should be granted to law enforcement and how best to empower public genome contributors with control over their data. The necessary policies will take time to develop but can be informed by reflection on the familial searching policies developed for searches of the federal DNA database and considerations of the anonymity and privacy interests of civilians.
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Sea, Jonghan, and Eric Beauregard. "Body Disposal: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics in Korean Homicide." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 7 (February 1, 2017): 1947–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17692060.
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This study explores the body disposal patterns in a sample of 54 Korean homicides that occurred between 2006 and 2012. Based on information collected by the police during their investigation, factors that could influence body disposal patterns were examined, such as homicide classification, intention, whether an accomplice was present, and offender mental disorder. Bivariate analyses showed that the majority of the victims who were disposed of were acquaintances of the offenders. Moreover, several offenders were more likely to dispose of the dead body “within hours” of killing the victim. Dead bodies were usually recovered in agricultural areas, forest/wooded areas, as well as residential areas. It was also noteworthy that, in 47 cases, the offender had knowledge of the geographic area where the body was dumped. In cases of “expressive” homicide, victims were more likely to be disposed of somewhere far away (e.g., over 40 km) from the crime scene, whereas “instrumental” homicide victims appeared to be disposed of somewhere closer (e.g., within 30 km) to the crime scene. Results are discussed in light of their practical implications for homicide investigations.
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Malykhina, Natalya I., and Svetlana V. Kuzmina. "The Algorithm of the Investigator’s Actions in Typical Situations of Internet Fraud Investigations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/29.
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The article considers the creation of theoretical and applied provisions for supplementing and improving the methodology of Internet fraud investigations. The aim of the study was to identify typical situations of investigation of these crimes and to develop the algorithm of the investigator’s actions in these situations. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method, modeling, the system-structural method, the specific sociological method, the method of expert assessments, logical methods. The situational approach was used. Considering the peculiarities of making tactical and managerial decisions at various stages of the investigator’s activity in Internet fraud investigations, the typical situations of checking crime reports and of the initial and subsequent stages of the investigation have been identified. The determination of typical investigative situations at each of the indicated stages was based on the results of the study of materials of judicial practice in criminal cases on Internet frauds, a survey of investigators on the problems of investigating these crimes. It has been revealed that the stage of checking the report of Internet fraud, depending on the source and amount of information, is characterized by two situations: either by the lack of primary information about the presence of signs of a crime (95%), or, conversely, by information sufficient to make a final procedural decision (5%). The initial stage of the investigation of Internet fraud, depending on the content of the initial information, is characterized by situations determined by the presence (80%) or absence (17.5%) of identified digital footprints in conjunction with the establishment of the method of committing a crime, victims and witnesses, the lack of information about the fraudster. A far less likely situation is characterized by the establishment of digital footprints, the method of committing a crime, victims and witnesses, the presence of some information on the criminal, but the lack of data about his/her location (2.5%). Three typical situations of the subsequent stage of the investigation of these crimes are classified depending on the degree of the confession of guilt by the accused and the sufficiency of evidence. The most common situation is characterized by the confession of guilt by the accused and the availability of necessary evidence in the case (90%). In each typical situation, the algorithm of the investigator’s actions is determined, methodological recommendations on the tactics of individual investigative actions are developed taking into account the specifics of the crimes committed. Particular attention is paid to the issues of working with digital footprints, the necessary software and hardware are indicated; to the features of the tactics of inspecting the scene, mobile and computer devices; to the determination of the issues to be clarified during the interrogation of the accused, victims, witnesses.
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Pecino-Latorre, Pérez-Fuentes, Patró-Hernández, and Santos-Hermoso. "Expressiveness and Instrumentality of Crime Scene Behavior in Spanish Homicides." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 15, 2019): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224526.
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One of the current trends in the study of criminal profiling consists of developing theoretical and methodological typologies to offer information of operational use in police investigations. The objective of this work was to verify the validity of the instrumental/expressive model, so as to establish homicide typologies based on modus operandi relationships, characteristics of the victims, and characteristics of perpetrators. The sample consisted of 448 homicide cases registered in the database of the Homicide Revision Project of the Office of Coordination and Studies of the Spanish Secretary of State and Security. Through multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis, three expressive homicide subtypes were identified (expressive-impulsive, expressive-distancing, and expressive-family), as well as two instrumental homicide subtypes (instrumental-opportunist and instrumental-gratification). The expressive homicide typologies accounted for almost 95% of all of the studied cases, and most of the homicides occurring in Spain were found to take place between individuals who know one another (friends, family members, intimate couples/ex-couples). The findings from this study suggest that the instrumental/expressive model may be a useful framework for understanding the psychological processes underlying homicides, based on the study of relationships between the crime and aggressor characteristics, which may be very helpful in the prioritization of suspects.
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Ebert, Lars Christian, Sabine Franckenberg, Till Sieberth, Wolf Schweitzer, Michael Thali, Jonathan Ford, and Summer Decker. "A review of visualization techniques of post-mortem computed tomography data for forensic death investigations." International Journal of Legal Medicine 135, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02581-4.
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AbstractPostmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is a standard image modality used in forensic death investigations. Case- and audience-specific visualizations are vital for identifying relevant findings and communicating them appropriately. Different data types and visualization methods exist in 2D and 3D, and all of these types have specific applications. 2D visualizations are more suited for the radiological assessment of PMCT data because they allow the depiction of subtle details. 3D visualizations are better suited for creating visualizations for medical laypersons, such as state attorneys, because they maintain the anatomical context. Visualizations can be refined by using additional techniques, such as annotation or layering. Specialized methods such as 3D printing and virtual and augmented reality often require data conversion. The resulting data can also be used to combine PMCT data with other 3D data such as crime scene laser scans to create crime scene reconstructions. Knowledge of these techniques is essential for the successful handling of PMCT data in a forensic setting. In this review, we present an overview of current visualization techniques for PMCT.
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Sollie, Henk, Nicolien Kop, and Martin C. Euwema. "Mental Resilience of Crime Scene Investigators: How Police Officers Perceive and Cope With the Impact of Demanding Work Situations." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 12 (July 8, 2017): 1580–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817716959.
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This study provides an in-depth analysis of the resilience of crime scene investigators (CSIs) in the Netherlands and how they perceive and cope with daily work stressors. Observational studies within five CSI teams and 35 semistructured interviews with investigators revealed that administrative accumulation, long and irregular working hours, confrontations with human suffering, decision making, and dirty and physically demanding circumstances at the crime scene can be very stressful. By employing strict management of thoughts, visualization, focus on sensemaking, sharing of emotions and responsibilities, and avoiding potentially distressing working situations, CSIs overcome the strain of forensic investigations. However, successful implementation of these resilience-enhancing strategies depends on the availability of several individual, team, and organizational resources. To reduce the risk of health problems and to stimulate positive functioning, these resources require permanent investment by police management and CSIs themselves.
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Mikkonen, Sirkka, Vesa Suominen, and Pia Heinonen. "Use of footwear impressions in crime scene investigations assisted by computerised footwear collection system." Forensic Science International 82, no. 1 (September 1996): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(96)01968-8.
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Vivona, Brian Daniel. "Humor Functions Within Crime Scene Investigations: Group Dynamics, Stress, and the Negotiation of Emotions." Police Quarterly 17, no. 2 (May 11, 2014): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611114531418.
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Hough, Richard, Kimberly D. McCorkle, and Sarah Harper. "An Examination of Investigative Practices of Homicide Units in Florida." Homicide Studies 23, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767919828421.
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The study examined Florida law enforcement agency homicide investigation practices previously identified in the literature as best (or most frequent). Departments handling at least 25 homicides per year and those that handle fewer were surveyed, a comparison not previously examined. The agencies had similar clearance rates. Smaller agencies and those handling fewer homicides tended to use an outside agency for crime scene services, did not have a cold case function, were less likely to use a computerized case management system, and did not view public cooperation as a barrier to homicide investigations to the degree that larger agencies did.
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Julian, Roberta, and Sally F. Kelty. "Forensic science as “risky business”: identifying key risk factors in the forensic process from crime scene to court." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-09-2015-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss key risk factors in the use of forensic science in the criminal justice system by adopting a holistic and systemic approach that examines the collection and use of forensic evidence from crime scene to court. Design/methodology/approach – The research on which the paper is based was a mixed-method five-year study of the effectiveness of forensic science in the criminal justice system in Australia using qualitative and quantitative methods. The paper draws on the in-depth analysis of qualitative data from 11 case studies of investigations of serious crime to identify key risk factors in the use of forensic science from crime scene to court. Findings – Six key risk factors in the forensic process from crime scene to court are identified: low level of forensic awareness among first responders; crime scene examiners (CSEs) as technicians rather than professionals; inefficient and/or ineffective laboratory processes; limited forensic literacy among key actors in the criminal justice system; poor communication between key actors in the criminal justice system; and, financial resources not directed at the front end of the forensic process. Overall the findings demonstrate that forensic science is not well embedded in the criminal justice system. Practical implications – The paper suggests that the risks inherent in the current practice of forensic science in the criminal justice system can be reduced dramatically through: forensic awareness training among first responders; the professionalisation of CSEs; continued improvements in efficiency and effectiveness at the laboratory with a focus on timeliness and quality; greater forensic literacy among actors in the criminal justice system; appropriate avenues of communication between agencies, practitioners and policymakers in the criminal justice system; and increased allocation of resources to the front end of the forensic process. Originality/value – By adopting a holistic, systemic approach to the analysis of forensic science in the criminal justice system, and identifying inherent risks in the system, this paper contributes to the emerging body of research on the social processes that impact on the effectiveness of forensic science.
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Kanu, A. Bakarr, Megan Pajski, Machelle Hartman, Irene Kimaru, Susan Marine, and Lawrence J. Kaplan. "Exploring Perspectives and Identifying Potential Challenges Encountered with Crime Scene Investigations when Developing Chemistry Curricula." Journal of Chemical Education 92, no. 8 (June 30, 2015): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed500671x.
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Reale, Kylie, and Eric Beauregard. "Body Recovery After the “First 48”: Implications for Sexual Homicide Investigations." Homicide Studies 23, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767918795209.
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There is a lack of research examining the relationship between body recovery times and the “first 48,” despite the risk of forensic evidence deteriorating and the difficulty in forming leads without a body. The study explores factors influencing body recovery—both during and after the critical 48-hr investigative window—in sexual homicide cases. Offender characteristics, victimology, contact scene and body recovery locations, and forensic awareness strategies are used to predict body recovery after the “first 48.” Findings suggest that certain offenders can delay body recovery past the first 48 because they utilized detection avoidance strategies during the crime-commission process.
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Bieber, Frederick R. "Turning Base Hits into Earned Runs: Improving the Effectiveness of Forensic DNA Data Bank Programs." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00029.x.
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Forensic data banks contain biological samples and DNA extracts as well as computerized databases of coded DNA profiles of convicted offenders, arrestees and crime scene samples. When used for investigative and law enforcement purposes, DNA data banks have been successful in providing key investigative leads in hundreds of criminal investigations. A number of these crimes would never have been resolved without use of such data banks. In addition, in some limited number of investigations, the exclusion of known suspects whose DNA profiles are known to be in an offender database can save valuable investigative time.Despite the above benefits, in hundreds of cases DNA samples are never collected and administrative and laboratory logjams delay prompt database searches. Furthermore, hundreds of DNA database matches (hits) languish, without any followup by law enforcement or prosecutors. These prevent or delay DNA matches and therefore can leave the public in grave risk of potential harm from recidivistic offenders who otherwise could have been apprehended and convicted if the process functioned more effectively.
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Dickie, Diane A., Bernadette A. Hernandez-Sanchez, Richard A. Kemp, Timothy J. Boyle, and Jeremiah M. Sears. "From magic show to crime scene analysis – getting kids interested in science with hands-on investigations." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a1 (May 26, 2017): a151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767317098506.
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Raymond, Tony. "The role of the forensic science laboratory." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 2 (2003): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03230.
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Every incident attended by police in Australia is always initially considered to be a potential crime scene until evidence dictates otherwise. Consequently, forensic science organisational responsibilities typically include: ? The provision of a coordinated multidisciplined scientific field and laboratory response in support of both criminal and non-criminal investigations. ? The effective management of a disaster victim identification (DVI) response to a multi-casualty incident on behalf of the Coroner. In other words, the forensic science mission includes both the crisis (including threat assessment) and consequence of any incident or potential incident.
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Markey, James, Thomas Scott, Crystal Daye, and Kevin J. Strom. "Sexual assault investigations and the factors that contribute to a suspect's arrest." Policing: An International Journal 44, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 591–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2021-0051.
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PurposeSexual assault investigations present uniquely challenging circumstances to detectives, and a small proportion result in arrest. Improving sexual assault investigations requires expanding the evidence base to improve our understanding of how these investigations unfold and the factors associated with positive case outcomes, including the likelihood that an offender is arrested.Design/methodology/approachThe authors abstracted data on 491 adult sexual assaults investigated by five large and midsized law enforcement agencies to describe the characteristics of sexual assault investigations and to explain the relationships between these characteristics and the likelihood that a suspect is arrested.FindingsOverall, detectives move swiftly to investigate sexual assaults but tend to miss investigative opportunities that increase the likelihood of an arrest, like locating and processing the crime scene or pursuing interviews with key witnesses and leads. Sexual assaults typically lack physical evidence that can be used to identify and lead to an arrest of a suspected offender; when this evidence is present, the case is more likely to result in an arrest. Delayed reporting of the crime to law enforcement decreases the likelihood of a suspect being arrested, but the mechanisms are unclear.Originality/valueFew studies have used a detailed data abstraction process for a large sample of cases from multiple law enforcement agencies to understand sexual assault investigations and their case outcomes. The results can improve practitioners' and researchers' understanding of sexual assault investigations, including those factors that increase the likelihood of a suspect's arrest.
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Shulha, Andrіy, and Tetyana Khailova. "USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE DURING THE EXAMINATION OF THE SCENE OF A CRIME IN THE ORDER OF PART 3 ART. 214 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF UKRAINE." Law Journal of Donbass 74, no. 1 (2021): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-153-160.
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The article deals with the problem of specialist’s participation in the scene examination, which is carried out before entering information into the Unified Register of the pre-trial investigations. The essence of the problem is that the current criminal procedural law of Ukraine recognizes the specialist’s participation only in the pre-trial investigation, the litigation and the proceedings in the case of the commission of an unlawful act under the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. Part 1 of Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine states that a specialist in criminal proceedings is a person who has special knowledge and skills and can provide advice and conclusions during the pre-trial investigation and trial on issues that require appropriate special knowledge and skills. In other cases, the specialist has no procedural status. In addition, Part 1 of Article 237 of the CPC of Ukraine «Examination» states that the examination is conducted to identify and record information on the circumstances of the offense commitment. It is an act provided by the law of Ukraine on criminal liability. However, there are the cases in the investigation, when a report is received, for example, about a person's death, other events with formal signs of the offense, which must first be checked for signs of a crime, and only then the act can be considered as offense. In this case, a specialist takes part in the scene examination. However, the current criminal procedure law in accordance with Part 1, Article 71 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine determines the legal status of a specialist only as the participant in criminal proceedings. The paragraph 10, part 1 of Article 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine defines the criminal proceedings as pre-trial investigation and court proceedings or procedural actions in the case of the commission of an unlawful act. Therefore, when the inspection of the scene is based on the uncertain status of the event (there is no clear information that the event contains signs of an offense), the specialist’s participation is not regulated by law. The authors propose to consider the specialists as «experienced persons» in cases mentioned above and to include their advices to the protocol of the scene examination, as the advices of other scene examination participants.
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Illiano, Anna, Valentina Arpino, Gabriella Pinto, Andrea Berti, Vincenzo Verdoliva, Giuseppe Peluso, Piero Pucci, and Angela Amoresano. "Multiple Reaction Monitoring Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach for the Identification of Biological Fluids at Crime Scene Investigations." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 9 (March 26, 2018): 5627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04742.
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Wicaksana, Oliestha Ageng, and Umar Ma'ruf. "Investigation Of The Crime Of Embezzlement In Property." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i3.11246.
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The purpose of this research to find out and analyze the process of investigating criminal acts of embezzlement in positions in the Ciamis Police jurisdiction, obstacles in the process of investigating criminal acts of embezzlement in positions in the Ciamis Police jurisdiction, and analyzing solutions in overcoming obstacles in the process of investigating criminal acts of embezzlement in positions in the region the law of the Ciamis PoliceThis study uses an empirical juridical approach with descriptive analysis research specifications. The data used are primary data and secondary data obtained through interviews and literature study. The data analysis method used was qualitative analysis. Furthermore, based on the results of the research, it can be concluded: Investigations on suspects of embezzlement in positions in the Ciamis Police jurisdiction with Police Report case Number: LP / 74 / B / III / 2019 / JBR / SPKT Res Ciamis, March 30, 2019 on behalf of the reporter OHT Bin JA, namely as follows: Crime Scene Examination, Investigation, Preparation of Minutes, Examination of evidence: Search, confiscation, Expert statements, arrest or detention and examination of suspects, Resume and submission of files Obstacles: not everyone knows, hearing of a criminal act of embezzlement who wants to report to the legal apparatus (police), there is collusion of a neat series of cooperation from top to bottom in the criminal act of embezzlement in a position so that it is difficult to find and because of the shrewdness of the accused or the embezzler in the position itself, the cleverness of the perpetrator criminal embezzlement in a position to cover up his crimes, especially with the advancement of technology today. Solutions in overcoming obstacles in the process of investigating criminal acts of embezzlement in positions within the jurisdiction of the Ciamis Police: Investigators must provide a sense of security if there are people who know of criminal acts of embezzlement in their positions in the jurisdiction of the Ciamis Police.Keywords: Investigation; Crime; Embezzlement.
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Narang*, Deepak, Reena Kulshreshtra, Fatima Khan, Jaideep Sur, Amit Singh, Vishal Kulkarni, Veena Desai, and Abhishek Pandey. "Microbes in forensic medicine: a microbiologist perspective." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.004.
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Microbial forensics is a naïve branch that involves multi-disciplinary approach to detection, tracing and evidencing the bio crime, with a predominant microbiological approach by studying evidence from inadvertent microorganism or its toxins released in bioterrorism act, biocrime, or for attribution purposes using advanced molecular techniques. Methods for identification and attribution of potential microbial weapons is challenging and forensic microbiological investigations involves crime scene investigation, chain of custody practices, evidence collection, handling and preservation, evidence shipping, analysis of evidence, interpretation of results, and court presentation. This field is emerging as a necessary for civil security rather than optional. In 21st century, pathogens are readily accessible, and technology is making their use as a weapon more feasible. As an preventive measures, it is important to strengthen microbial forensic capabilities. The sharing of data collected and validated will greatly improve the practice of microbial forensics. Forensic scientists worldwide should contribute to the field of microbial forensics and enhance its capabilities to aid in bringing perpetrators of these heinous attacks to justice. International and National collaborative approaches can be done by setting up a national and international reference laboratory, transparency of analysis.
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Charles Allen, Jared, Alasdair M. Goodwill, Kyle Watters, and Eric Beauregard. "Base rates and Bayes’ Theorem for decision support." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2013-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss and demonstrate “best practices” for creating quantitative behavioural investigative advice (i.e. statements to assist police with psychological and behavioural aspects of investigations) where complex statistical modelling is not available. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 361 serial stranger sexual offenses and a cross-validation approach, the paper demonstrates prediction of offender characteristics using base rates and using Bayes’ Theorem. The paper predicts four dichotomous offender characteristic variables, first using simple base rates, then using Bayes’ Theorem with 16 categorical crime scene variable predictors. Findings – Both methods consistently predict better than chance. By incorporating more information, analyses based on Bayes’ Theorem (74.6 per cent accurate) predict with 11.1 per cent more accuracy overall than analyses based on base rates (63.5 per cent accurate), and provide improved advising estimates in line with best practices. Originality/value – The study demonstrates how useful predictions of offender characteristics can be acquired from crime information without large (i.e. >500 cases) data sets or “trained” statistical models. Advising statements are constructed for discussion, and results are discussed in terms of the pragmatic usefulness of the methods for police investigations.
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Prahlow, Joseph A., Thomas Cameron, Alexander Arendt, Kenneth Cornelis, Anthony Bontrager, Michael S. Suth, Lisa Black, et al. "DNA testing in homicide investigations." Medicine, Science and the Law 57, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802417721790.
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Objectives With the widespread use of DNA testing, police, death investigators, and attorneys need to be aware of the capabilities of this technology. This review provides an overview of scenarios where DNA evidence has played a major role in homicide investigations in order to highlight important educational issues for police, death investigators, forensic pathologists, and attorneys. Methods This was a nonrandom, observational, retrospective study. Data were obtained from the collective files of the authors from casework during a 15-year period, from 2000 through 2014. Results A series of nine scenarios, encompassing 11 deaths, is presented from the standpoint of the police and death investigation, the forensic pathology autopsy performance, the subsequent DNA testing of evidence, and, ultimately, the final adjudication of cases. Details of each case are presented, along with a discussion that focuses on important aspects of sample collection for potential DNA testing, especially at the crime scene and the autopsy. The presentation highlights the diversity of case and evidence types in which DNA testing played a valuable role in the successful prosecution of the case. Conclusions By highlighting homicides where DNA testing contributed to the successful adjudication of cases, police, death investigators, forensic pathologists, and attorneys will be better informed regarding the types of evidence and situations where such testing is of potential value.
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Shrestha, Rijen, Kewal Krishan, and Tanuj Kanchan. "Workplace safety concerns in medico-legal death investigations related to COVID-19." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 02 (March 7, 2021): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14584.
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The personnel involved in the management of COVID-19 affected dead bodies, including law enforcement personnel at the scene of crime, personnel involved in transportation of the dead bodies, forensic practitioners, autopsy pathologists, mortuary personnel, as well as the family members of the dead, etc. are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Post-mortem examination is a high-risk procedure, considering that it involves aerosol generating procedures, and exposure to body fluids. The safety of the forensic practitioners and support staff in the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 deaths hence, is of extreme importance, especially in the absence of pre-autopsy testing for COVID-19 and due to non-availability of adequate first-hand medical history of the deceased. This communication aims to highlight the current practices and advises certain guidelines in ensuring occupational health and safety in view of these risks in medico-legal death investigations.
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Ferllini, Roxana. "Forensic anthropology in crisis settings: a required component of investigation in the world‘s trouble spots." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 2 (2017): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.3.2.7.
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This article presents an account of the involvement of forensic anthropology in the investigation of human rights abuses in the modern era, and the difficulties it faces with respect to lack of adequate funding, volatile settings, the presence of unexploded ordnance, corruption in governmental agencies and a lack of good will, absence of support for NGOs and the curtailment of formal judicial proceedings to effect transitional justice. Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Spain, Mexico and the Northern Triangle are provided as regional examples of the problems encountered when attempting to conduct forensic anthropological investigations to locate mass graves, retrieve victims and obtain proper identifications. Interventions by various organisations are highlighted to illustrate their assistance to forensic and non-forensic individuals through technical support, training and mentoring in the areas of crime-scene management and identification techniques. Interventions in mass-grave processing when state agencies have failed, the importance of DNA banks and information from family members and witnesses are also presented.
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Sabeeha and Seyed E. Hasnain . "Forensic Epigenetic Analysis: The Path Ahead." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 4 (2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499496.
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Unlike DNA fingerprinting, which scores for differences in the genome that are phenotype neutral, epigenetic variations are gaining importance in forensic investigations. Methylation of DNA has a broad range of effects on the lifestyle, health status, and physical appearance of individuals. DNA methylation profiling of forensic samples is useful in determination of the cell or tissue type of the DNA source and also for estimation of age. The quality and quantity of the biosample available from the crime scene limits the possible number of DNA methylation tests and the selection of the technology that can be used. Several techniques have been used for DNA methylation analysis for epigenetic investigations of forensic biological samples. However, novel techniques are needed for multiplex analysis of epigenetic markers as the techniques that are currently available require a large amount of high-quality DNA and are also limited in their multiplexing capacities that are often insufficient to fully resolve a forensic query of interest.
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Berriel, Yngrid Garay, Adriane Yumi Babá, Gabrielle Ossucci, and Dulcinéia Ester Pagani Gianotto. "MINI-CURSO “BIOLOGIA FORENSE: A CIÊNCIA DESVENDANDO O CRIME” - DISCUTINDO TECNOLOGIA E CIÊNCIA EM SALA DE AULA." Colloquium Humanarum 08, no. 1 (May 13, 2011): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2011.v08.n1.h0101.
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Forensic Biology is applied to criminal investigations every day. Because of its appeal to human curiosity, it has been largely explored by TV series. Aiming to supply the students with an up-to-date subject, uncommonly discussed in Biology classes, an opportunity has emerged of presenting a short course on Forensic Biology to 2ndand 3rdgrade students of a High School in Maringá, Brazil. In order to get the students to understand the importance of training experts in this area of knowledge and how the latter behave on a crime scene, various didactics activities have been performed including practices and teamwork, rising of hypothesis and discussions which, according to those attending, were essential on developing the knowledge acquired during the course. The debate on the technologies used by the Forensic Sciences have turn up efficient when building knowledge related to Biology and other areas which have been approached in the course
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Metelev, O. "Transport telecommunication networks as an information medium for obtaining information relevant to criminal proceedings: problematic issues of legal regulation." Herald of criminal justice, no. 4 (2019): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2019.4/161-173.
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Scientific and technological progress, as well as the rapid development of information technologies, the formation of the information society, the introduction of telecommunications systems and networks into all vital processes, the availability of digital communications and information transmission have necessitated the use of new methods of combating crime in the new information (cybernetic) space, this artificially created environment, which is an integral part of transport telecommunications networks (TTN). The extraterritorial nature of transport telecommunication networks and systems, together with the global Internet, greatly complicates their legal regulation, as it is sometimes quite difficult to determine the jurisdiction of which state relates a criminal offense. Thus, when conducting silent investigative actions, a legitimate question arises as to the lawfulness of work in the information environment of the transport telecommunication network for obtaining digital evidence in the interests of criminal proceedings. Purpose of the article: to investigate the problematic issues of legal regulation when working in transport telecommunication networks in order to obtain information relevant to criminal proceedings during the conduct of silent investigative actions. The paper draws attention to the insufficient level of scientific research to cover the problematic issues of studying transport telecommunications networks as an information medium for legal obtaining digital evidence in the interests of criminal justice. The national legislation regulating public relations in this field is analyzed, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, which reveals some «white spots» in national legislation on ensuring the legitimacy and protection of human rights in the conduct of vague private communication interventions in the information environment of transport telecommunication networks. Taking into account the extraterritorial nature of the information (cyber) space, it is concluded that there is a need for clear legislative regulation of procedural activity in the transport telecommunication networks in order to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state as a whole in this sphere. The article also discusses different approaches to legal disparities in cyber crime investigations. The question of determining the crime scene in the information (cybernetic) space is raised, an attempt is made to define the "crime scene" and provides suggestions for improving legislation.
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Robinson, Liam, and Herman Bernitz. "You can run, but you can’t hide - A bitemark analysis." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no3a3.
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All names and places have been changed to protect innocent victims in this case report. A young woman was returning home after work when she was accosted by a man wielding a knife. She was dragged into a nearby bush where the suspect attempted to rape her. She put up a substantial fight and was able to flee the scene. She went directly to the nearest police station to report the case. She was asked by the police to accompany them in the hope that she might recognise the suspect at the local taxi rank, which was near the scene of the crime. She did in fact recognise the suspect who was duly arrested. He denied any knowledge of the crime for which he was being apprehended. The victim informed the police that she had remembered biting the suspect on his right shoulder during the attack and ensuing struggle. The suspect was asked to roll up his right sleeve where a possible bitemark wound was observed. The suspect was taken into custody for further investigations. Fortunately, the police officer in charge of the case had attended a lecture on bitemarks given by the second author some weeks before the incident and was therefore well-versed in the protocol for the collection of evidence in a bitemark case. The officer arranged that photographs and impressions of the possible bitemark were taken for forensic analysis. Unfortunately, swobs of the bitemark were not conducted, therefore DNA and ABO blood group antigen analysis could not be performed. Impressions of the victim’s dentition were also taken from which plaster models were constructed. All dental materials used in this case were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were within their expiry dates. This evidence was submitted to the forensic odontology unit at the University of Pretoria for examination and comparative analysis